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Pritrkavanje F o l k l o r i s t i k a 5 Knjiga je znanstveno čvrsto utemeljena študija pri- trkavanja, pomembnega fenomena slovenske tra- dicijske kulture, in kot taka doprinos k njegovemu ohranjanju in objektivni umestitvi v družbeno in kulturno krajino Slovenije in širše evropske regije. Z argumentiranimi interpretacijami terenskih raziskav, ki se naslanjajo na relevantno literaturo, in s pozor- nostjo, ki jo je avtorica posvetila do sedaj neproble- matiziranim in nezadostno obravnavanim aspektom odnosa glasbene strukture, izvedbe in glasbenikov, je avtorica s tem delom veliko doprinesla k sloven- ski in širši evropski etnomuzikologiji. izr. prof. dr. Naila Ceribašić Monografija na znanstveni način obravnava glasbeni del in kontekstualni vidik pritrkavanja in prihaja P do doslej neznanih ugotovitev. S svojo izvirnostjo … sliš a se predstavlja velik doprinos k slovenski etnomuzi- kologiji, pa tudi k samemu narodopisju, kulturni antropologiji, zgodovini, sociologiji slovenske ver- nosti ... Njena velika prednost in aktualnost je v tem, da temelji na spoznanjih s terena in jih združuje s sodobnimi znanstvenimi teorijami. Kovačič Mojca prof. dr. Edvard Kovač Pa se sliš … Pritrkavanje Mojca Kovačič Mojca v slovenskem in evropskem prostoru 20 € ISSN 2232-3791 http://zalozba.zrc-sazu.si Folk_Pasaslis_ovitek.indd 1 12.12.2012 14:18:59 Folkloristika 5 Pritrkavanje.indd 1 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Zbirka FOLKLORISTIKA Urednica zbirke Marjetka Golež Kaučič Mojca Kovačič Pa se sliš ... Pritrkavanje v slovenskem in evropskem prostoru © 2012, Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU Recenzenta Naila Ceribašić, Edvard Kovač Jezikovni pregled Boris Kern Jezikovni pregled povzetka Mitch Cohen Oblikovanje notranjosti in ovitka Brane Vidmar Računalniški prelom Natalija Stanivuk Izdal Glasbenonarodopisni inštitut ZRC SAZU Za izdajatelja Marjetka Golež Kaučič Založila Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU Za založnika Oto Luthar Glavni urednik založbe Aleš Pogačnik Tisk Collegium Graphicum d. o. o., Ljubljana Naklada 300 Knjiga je izšla s finančno podporo Javne agencije za knjigo RS in Glasbenonarodopisnega inštituta ZRC SAZU. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 780.633.133(497.4) 781.7:780.633.133(4) KOVAČIČ, Mojca, 14.12.1976- Pa se sliš --- : pritrkavanje v slovenskem in evropskem prostoru / Mojca Kovačič. - Ljubljana : Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU, 2012. - (Zbirka Folkloristika ; 5) ISBN 978-961-254-404-1 264350720 Digitalna verzija (pdf) je pod pogoji licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 prosto dostopna: https://doi.org/10.3986/9789612544041 Pritrkavanje.indd 2 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Mojca Kovačič Pa se sliš … Pritrkavanje v slovenskem in evropskem prostoru Ljubljana 2012 Pritrkavanje.indd 3 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Pritrkavanje.indd 4 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Vsebina Predgovor ..........................................................................................................................7 TEorETIčnI IN ZGODOVINski VIDIKI PRITRKAVANJA ...........11 DEFINIRANJE pojava IN priTrkovalsko izrazoslovje....................12 Zgodovina zvonov, zvonjenja IN priTrkavanja ...........................18 Zvonjenje v evropskem krščanskem prostoru ....................................................18 Zvon kot glasbilo ...................................................................................................19 Zgodovinska umestitev pritrkavanja v Sloveniji ................................................22 DOSEDANJE raziskave V slovenskem prosTORU ...............................24 TEHNIčnI IN GlasBENI VIDIKI PRITRKAVANJA ............................25 TEHnični vidiki priTrkavanja.....................................................................26 Pozicija zvonov ......................................................................................................26 NAČINI vzbujanja zvoka .................................................................................28 Razmerje med izvajalci in številom zvonov ......................................................30 Glasbeni vidiki priTrkavanja .....................................................................34 Notiranje in vloge posamezenih udarcev ..........................................................34 Struktura tematske enote .....................................................................................38 Povezava načina igranja in glasbene strukture .................................................38 Struktura tematske enote in poimenovanje viž .................................................40 Oblikovni postopki ...............................................................................................43 KONTEkstUALNI VIDIKI PRITRKAVANJA ...........................................55 INTerakcija družbeniH, konTEKSTualniH, funkcijskiH IN GLASBENIH sprememb pri priTrkavanju..........................................56 Pritrkavanje in religiozni kontekst ......................................................................58 Novi kontekst, estetske in glasbene spremembe ...............................................61 Glasbenoestetska merila ......................................................................................63 Organizirane oblike delovanja pritrkovalske dejavnosti...................................66 Pritrkavanje.indd 5 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Mojca Kovačič Glasbeni prenos ............................................................................................74 Tehnična dimenzija ...............................................................................................74 Socialna dimenzija .................................................................................................82 RAZMERJA MED spoloma V glasbenem prosTORU .....................84 Godka ......................................................................................................................85 Pritrkovalka ...........................................................................................................86 PritrkaVANJE V EVroPskEM koNTEkstU ....................................91 MIT O slovenskem priTrkavanju ........................................................92 DOSEDANJE raziskave .................................................................................94 IGRA na zvonove V evropi .....................................................................96 PRITrkavanje V nemčiji – DAS BEIERN ..............................................100 Pritrkavanje v Porenju .........................................................................................104 Das Beiern – študije primerov...........................................................................106 PRITrkavanje na HrvašKEM ..................................................................113 Kampananje, luncijanje – študije primerov ....................................................115 Primerjave in zaključki .......................................................................................118 SKLEP .........................................................................................................................123 BELL CHIMING IN THE sloVENiaN SPACE .......................................127 Viri in literatura....................................................................................................139 Seznam notografij ................................................................................................147 Seznam fotografij .................................................................................................151 Stvarno in imensko kazalo ..................................................................................155 Pritrkavanje.indd 6 16-Dec-12 11:16:59 Predgovor Zvočni prostor Slovenije in celotne krščanske Evrope je močno zaznamovan z zvokom cerkvenih zvonov, saj zvonovi s svojo glasnostjo navadno preglasijo druge zvoke oko- lja. Skoraj ni zvonika, ki ne bi imel vsaj enega zvona, s katerim bi naznanjal čas molitve, prihajajoči praznik, pomembnejše dogodke v življenju ljudi in podobno. Vendar pa se zvonovi ne oglašajo vedno enako, česar morda naključni človek zavedno niti ne zazna. Vsaka zvočna signalizacija z načinom rabe zvonov drugače pošilja sporočila v zvočni prostor in najlepša ter v glasbenem smislu najbolj dovršena je v slovenskem prostoru prav gotovo glasbena govorica pritrkavanja. Pritrkavanje - glasbena igra ritmičnih obrazcev s kemblji ali kladivi ob udarni obroč zvona - je v slovenskem prostoru zelo razširjena glasbena dejavnost, ki črpa glasbeno gradivo tako iz pretekle tradicije kot iz sedanje ustvarjalnosti pritrkovalcev. V pričujoči knjigi je pritrkavanje predstavljeno tako iz glasbenovsebinske kot iz kontekstualne ravni. Obravnava pritrkavanja kot glas- 7 benega produkta in glasbenega procesa je združena z interpretacijo dejavnosti z vidika njenih nosilcev - pritrkovalcev, prav tako pa je pritrkavanje umeščeno v druge druž- bene in glasbene procese, ki se danes odvijajo na področju slovenske ljudske glasbe. V knjigi se oddaljujem od starih konceptov folkloristike, ki so si pri obrav- navi folklornega gradiva prizadevali za predstavljanje totalnega in reprezentančnega (Klobčar 2011: 8): iščem namreč tudi izjemno in enkratno tako z vidika glasbe in nje- nih izvajalcev kot s stališča konteksta, v katerem delujejo. Po eni strani je to vidno pri obravnavi gradiva, ki vključuje avtorska dela pritrkovalcev in enkratne izvedbe, pri katerih se ne sprašujem o njihovi starosti, načinu prenosa ali variantnosti. Po drugi strani pa to v knjigi izkazujem z veliko mero preučevanja pojava v sodobnosti, pri Pritrkavanje.indd 7 16-Dec-12 11:17:00 Mojca Kovačič
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