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Order †Lophioneurida—Fossil Out-Groups of Thripida (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta)

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Order †Lophioneurida—Fossil Out-Groups of Thripida (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta) Megataxa 006 (1): 070–072 ISSN 2703-3082 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/mt/ MEGATAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Correspondence ISSN 2703-3090 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.6.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:70FAB33E-22FB-423D-89A4-4EE263B16D75 All genera of the world: Order †Lophioneurida—fossil out-groups of Thripida (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta) MANFRED R. ULITZKA1 1Thrips-iD, Straßburger Straße 37A, 77652 Offenburg, Germany. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-4867 Abstract Thysanoptera sensu stricto: Lophioneurids provided fundamental features that constitute the head and The present paper presents a compilation of the generic names mouthparts of modern Thysanoptera including an available in the fossil insect order Lophioneurida (Insecta: asymmetrical mouth cone with a stylet-like mandible and Thripida). It comprises 18 accepted genera, 4 synonyms and laciniae, and the reduction or loss of the right mandible one invalid homonym. (Labandeira 2019; Nel et al. 2014). As mentioned above, Lophioneurida is considered Key words: Lophioneurida, Thripida, Thysanoptera, generic paraphyletic, leading to little consensus regarding the names, type species classification of Thripida as a whole. Nel et al. (2012) divided Thripida into at least three unranked clades without nomenclatural validity. For a concise listing of Within the insects, the Acercaria comprise a large group generic names, this classification does not seem practical. showing exceptional evolutionary success (Huang et Thus, in the present paper a more traditional and more al. 2016). They include Hemiptera (true bugs, cicadas, restricted treatment is used. Furthermore, sub-families plant lice, whiteflies, and scale insects) as well as the have not been included. smaller sister-lineages Psocodea (barklice) and Thripida A list of the genus-group names of Lophioneurida (Ax 2000). Considering extant species, Thripida is has not been issued yet. The present compilation includes commonly equated with Thysanoptera (thrips). However, a total of 22 names, comprising 18 accepted genera, Thripida, actually includes Thysanoptera sensu stricto 4 synonyms and one invalid homonym. Research by and Lophioneurida, the latter discussed as an immediate, Shmakov (in Kopylov et al. 2020, p. 1258), however, ancestral thysanopteran clade, a closely related stemgroup predicts further new lophioneurid taxa of generic rank, or an early paraphyletic lineage (Wang et al. 2009). The closest to the genus Undensis Vishnyakova. Systematic actual relationship between both has been a contentious relationships between the genera can hardly be deduced, issue (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). Following Fossilworks with 11 of the genera each comprising a single species, and (2021) Lophioneurida is dealt in the present paper as an only one genus showing any kind of diversity (Zoropsocus: order within the superorder Thripida, and only members 16 species). Most genera have been established after 1950, of this order are treated here; the genus group names particularly by Vishnyakova (1981). of the order Thysanoptera are available from Mound & Hastenpflug-Vesmanis (2021). Lophioneurida at present comprises 48 fossil species Acknowledgements that had their main distribution in the Permian. During the mid-Permian one of the subgroups of Lophioneurida— This list of genus-group names is developed from most likely the lineage containing Zoropsocus Tillyard— data available on the web in Fossilworks (2021), a gave rise to the Thysanoptera. Only a few fossils are system that was created in 2013 by John Alroy. It is available from the Triassic, but this period is probably a housed at Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia) very important time in terms of evolution within Thripida, and comprises a large relational database assembled by as thysanopteran forms emerged (Grimaldi et al. 2004). hundreds of palaeontologists from around the world. Within the Jurassic Lophioneurids were still common and widespread but their decline is evident since the Early Cretaceous—when aeolothripid Thysanoptera became more diverse (Zherikhin 2002)—and they most likely had disappeared before the dawn of the Paleogene. Fossils reveal the close relationship between Lophioneurida and 70 Submitted: 5 Mar. 2021; accepted by Zhi-Qiang Zhang: 24 Mar. 2021; published: 8 Jun. 2021 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-N.C. 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Order †Lophioneurida Tillyard †Edgariekia Jell & Duncan, 1986. Type species (4 extinct families) Edgariekia una Jell & Duncan, 1986, by monotypy. Synonymised by Ansorge (1996). Family †Lophioneuridae Tillyard (12 extinct genera) †Beipiaopsocus Hong, 1992. Type species Mesopsocus divaricatus Hong, 1983, by original †Austrocypha Tillyard, 1935 [2 species; Permian]. Type designation [nomen novum pro Mesopsocus Hong, species Austrocypha abrubta Tillyard, 1935, by 1983]. Synonymised by Ansorge (1996). monotypy. †Vitriala Becker-Migdisova, 1961 [1 species; Permian]. †Burmacypha Zherikhin, 2000 [1 species; Cretaceous]. Type species Vitriala nigriapex Becker-Migdisova, Type species Burmacypha longicornis Zherikhin, 1961, by monotypy. 2000, by monotypy. †Cyphoneura Carpenter, 1932 [1 species; Permian]. Type Family †Moundthripidae Nel, Azar & Nel species Cyphoneura permiana Carpenter, 1932, by (1 extinct genus) monotypy. Status uncertain, possibly belonging to Paraneoptera (Nel et al. 2012). †Moundthrips Nel, Azar & Nel, 2007 [1 species; Cretaceous]. Type species Moundthrips beatificus †Cyphoneurodes Becker-Migdisova, 1953 [2 species; Nel, Azar & Nel, 2007, by monotypy. Permian]. Type species Cyphoneura reducta Carpenter, 1932, by original designation. Family †Westphalothripidesidae Nel, Azar, †Lophiocypha Tillyard, 1935 [5 species; Permian]. Type Prokop, Roques, Hodebert & Nel species Lophiocypha permiana Tillyard, 1935, by (1 extinct genus) monotypy. †Westphalothripides Nel, Azar, Prokop, Roques, Hodebert †Lophioneura Tillyard, 1921 [3 species; Permian]. Type & Nel, 2012 [1 species; Carboniferous]. Type species species Lophioneura ustulata Tillyard, 1921, by Westphalothripides oudardi Nel, Azar, Prokop, monotypy. Roques, Hodebert & Nel, 2012, by monotypy. †Lophioneurodes Becker-Migdisova, 1953 [1 species; Permian]. Type species Lophioneurodes sarbalensis Family †Zoropsocidae Tillyard Becker-Migdisova, 1953, by monotypy. (4 extinct genera) †Lophiosina Nel, Retana-Salazar, Azar, Nel & Huang, †Mogsonus Vishnyakova, 1981 [1 species; Jurassic]. 2014 [1 species; Jurassic]. Type species Lophiosina Type species Mogsonus cerasius Vishnyakova, 1981, lini Nel, Retana-Salazar, Azar, Nel & Huang, 2014, by monotypy. by monotypy. †Tschekardus Vishnyakova, 1981 [1 species; Permian]. †Jantardachus Vishnyakova, 1981 [2 species; Type species Tschekardus hispidus Vishnyakova, Cretaceous]. Type species Jantardachus perfectus 1981, by monotypy. Vishnyakova, 1981, by monotypy. †Zoropsocoides Vishnyakova, 1981 [1 species; †Karataocypha Vishnyakova, 1981 [1 species; Permian]. Type species Zoropsocoides longipennis Cretaceous]. Type species Karataocypha oculata Vishnyakova, 1981, by monotypy. Vishnyakova, 1981, by monotypy. †Zoropsocus Tillyard, 1935 [16 species; Permian]. Type †Undacypha Vishnyakova, 1981 [7 species; Jurassic]. species Zoropsocus delicatulus Tillyard, 1935, by Type species Undacypha fumida Vishnyakova, 1981, monotypy. by monotypy. †Undensis Vishniakova, 1981. Type species Undensis References longinervis Vishniakova, 1981, by monotypy. Synonymised by Ansorge (1996). Ansorge, J. (1996) Insekten aus dem oberen Lias von Grimmen (Vorpommern, Norddeutschland). Neue Paläontologische †Mesopsocus Hong, 1983. Homonym of Mesopsocus Abhandlungen, 2, 1–132. Kolbe, 1880 [Psocoptera, Mesopsocidae]. Type Ax, P. (2000) Zoraptera – Acercaria. In: Ax, P. [ed.] Multicellular species Mesopsocus divaricatus Hong, 1983, by Animals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 298–300. monotypy. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_83 ALL GENERA OF THE WORLD: ORDER †LOPHIONEURIDA Megataxa 006 (1) © 2021 Magnolia Press • 71 Becker-Migdisova, E.E. (1953) Pervaya nakhodka senoeda Strelnikova, O.D., Sukacheva, I.D., Uliakhin, A.V., Vasilenko, (Psocoptera) iz Kuznetskogo basseyna. Doklady Akademii D.V., Wegierek, P., Yan, E.V. & Zmarzły, M. (2020) The Nauk SSSR, 90, 279–282. Khasurty Fossil Insect Lagerstätte. Paleontological Journal, Becker-Migdisova, E.E. (1961) Superoder Psocopteroidea, 54, 1221–1394. Rhynchota in Paleozoiskie nasekomye kuznetskogo basseina. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030120110027 Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Labandeira, C.C. (2019) The Fossil Record of Insect Mouthparts: 85, 271–393. Innovation, Functional Convergence, and Associations with Carpenter, F.M. (1932) The Lower Permian Insects of Kansas. Part Other Organisms. In: Krenn, H.W. [ed.] Insect Mouthparts. 5: Psocoptera and Additions to the Homoptera. American Zoological Monographs, volume 5. Springer, Cham, pp. 567– Journal of Science, 5 (24), 1–22. 671. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s5-24.139.1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_17 Grimaldi, D.A. & Engel, M.S. (2005) Evolution of the Insects. Mound, L.A. & Hastenpflug-Vesmanis, A. (2021) All genera of the Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, world: Order Thysanoptera (Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta). Melbourne, 755 pp. Megataxa, 6 (1), 1–68. Grimaldi, D.A., Shmakov, A.S. & Fraser, N.C. (2004) Mesozoic https://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.6.1.1 Thrips and Early
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