BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
INDO 7 0 1107139648 67 76.Pdf (387.5Kb)
THE THORNY ROSE: THE AVOIDANCE OF PASSION IN MODERN INDONESIAN LITERATURE1 Harry Aveling One of the important shortcomings of modern Indonesian literature is the failure of its authors, on the whole young, well-educated men of the upper and more modernized strata of society, to deal in a convincing manner with the topic of adult heterosexual passion. This problem includes, and partly arises from, an inadequacy in portraying realistic female char acters which verges, at times, on something which might be considered sadism. What is involved here is not merely an inability to come to terms with Western concepts of romantic love, as explicated, for example, by the late C. S. Lewis in his book The Allegory of Love. The failure to depict adult heterosexual passion on the part of modern Indonesian authors also stands in strange contrast to the frankness and gusto with which the writers of the various branches of traditional Indonesian and Malay litera ture dealt with this topic. Indeed it stands in almost as great a contrast with the practice of Peninsular Malay literature today. In Javanese literature, as Pigeaud notes in his history, The Literature of Java, "Poems and tales describing erotic situations are very much in evidence . descriptions of this kind are to be found in almost every important mythic, epic, historical and romantic Javanese text."^ In Sundanese literature, there is not only the open violence of Sang Kuriang's incestuous desires towards his mother (who conceived him through inter course with a dog), and a further wide range of openly sexual, indeed often heavily Oedipal stories, but also the crude direct ness of the trickster Si-Kabajan tales, which so embarrassed one commentator, Dr. -
Phd Thesis Tamara Aberle
Socially-engaged theatre performances in contemporary Indonesia Tamara Alexandra Aberle Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Thesis 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Tamara Alexandra Aberle, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ Date: ________________________ 2 Abstract This thesis argues that performances of contemporary theatre in Indonesia are socially- engaged, actively creating, defining and challenging the socio-political environment, and that theatre practitioners are important members of a vibrant civil society who contribute and feel actively committed to democratic processes. Following an initial chapter about the history of modern theatre from the late 19th century until the fall of President Suharto in 1998, the four core chapters centre on four different aspects of contemporary Indonesian socio-politics: historical memory and trauma, violence and human rights, environmentalism, and social transition. Each of these chapters is preceded by an introduction about the wider historical and socio-political context of its respective discourse and is followed by an analysis of selected plays. Chapter 2 focuses on historical trauma and memory, and relates the work of two theatre artists, Papermoon Puppet Theatre and Agus Nur Amal (a.k.a. PM Toh), to processes seeking truth and reconciliation in Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. Chapter 3, on violence and human rights, discusses the works of Ratna Sarumpaet and B. Verry Handayani, with a specific focus on human trafficking, sexual exploitation, and labour migration. Chapter 4 discusses environmentalism on the contemporary stage. It investigates the nature of environmental art festivals in Indonesia, taking Teater Payung Hitam’s 2008 International Water Festival as an example. -
Identity, Minority, and the Idea of a Nation: a Closer Look at Frieda (1951) by Dr
Vol. 1 Journal of Korean and Asian Arts SPRING 2020 Identity, Minority, and the Idea of a Nation: a Closer Look at Frieda (1951) by Dr. Huyung Umi Lestari / Universitas Multimedia Nusantara 【Abstract】 The discourse on film nasional (national film) in Indonesia always started by bringing up Darah dan Doa (1950, Blood and Prayer) as the foundation of the Indonesian film industry. The prominent film historian, Misbach Yusa Biran, stated that Darah dan Doa was produced with national consciousness value. The legacy of Darah dan Doa was not only neglecting the role of filmmakers from pre-Independence in Indonesia but also the role of other filmmakers during the 1950s, including Dr. Huyung. Previously, Dr. Huyung (Hinatsu Eitaro /Hŏ Yŏng) came from Korea and became a supporter of Imperial Japan during World War II. After Indonesia gained her independence, Huyung joined Berita Film Indonesia and became a film teacher at the Cine Drama Institute and Kino Drama Atelier. It was there that they then went on to make Frieda (1951), Bunga Rumah Makan (1951, The Flower of the Restaurant), Kenangan Masa (1951, Memories of the Past), and Gadis Olahraga (1951, the Sportswoman). This article discusses 'unity in diversity', a concept in filmmaking that was started by Huyung in 1949. When discussing Darah and Doa as the first film nasional, people forget that the film is driven from the military perspective. Meanwhile, Huyung tried to represent an ethnic minority in Frieda and showing that the ordinary people and the intellectuals also shaped the nation. Based on his experience in the Japanese army and Berita Film Indonesia, Huyung understood that film was very useful in achieving the goals of the state apparatus, due to the cinema's ability to spread nationalism. -
ASPECTS of INDONESIAN INTELLECTUAL LIFE in the 1930S
PUDJANGGA BARU: ASPECTS OF INDONESIAN INTELLECTUAL LIFE IN THE 1930s Heather Sutherland Pudjangga Baru, the "New Writer," was a cultural periodical put out in the colonial capital of Batavia by a group of young Indonesian intellectuals from 1933 until the invasion of the Netherlands Indies by Japan in 1942.1 In Bahasa Indonesia, the term pudjangga means "literary man, man of letters; author, poet; linguist, philologist."2 34 The choice of this term for the title of the monthly was no doubt also influenced by an awareness of its historical connotations, for the word can be traced back through such Old Javanese forms as bhujanga to an original Sanskrit root associated with sacred and priestly learning. It implied nobility and integrity as well as literary ability; and it is therefore no accident that the writings appearing in it claimed high idealism and a sense of mission. The purpose proclaimed by Pudjangga Baru became more fervent as the years passed. In the beginning, it described itself simply as a literary, artistic, and cultural monthly. At the start of its third year it declared itself a "bearer of a new spirit in literature, art, culture, and general social affairs."^ At the beginning of its fifth year it claimed to be the "leader of the new dynamic spirit to create a new culture, the culture of Indonesian unity."1* In 1928, when the second All-Indonesia Youth Congress swore the famous oath to work for "one fatherland, one people, and one language" Pudjangga Baru pledged itself to work for the development of the national language and also to strive for a national culture, adding "one culture" to its 1. -
Feminist Education in Indonesian Novels Under the Domination of Patriarchy
International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies December 2018, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 42-51 ISSN: 2333-6021 (Print), 2333-603X (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijgws.v6n2p5 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v6n2p5 Feminist Education in Indonesian Novels Under the Domination of Patriarchy Wiyatmi1 Abstract This article is aimed at studying the representation of feminist education in Indonesian novels. This objective is inspired by the fact that, since the beginning of its development, Indonesian novels have raised the issues of women education which, in the tradition of feminism studies, is known as feminist research. Research shows that, although there emerges awareness of the importance of education for women, they are still positioned within the domestic arena. After pursuing their education, mostly in elementary and secondary schools, they must return to home, getting married, playing the role as wife and mother expected to be capable of taking care of the home well, and serving their husband. This points out to the dominance of the patriarcical ideology that places women in the domestic arena and men in the public arena. Such awareness truly is not always followed by permitting and giving women these educated women to make use of their knowledge to take part in the public sector; not even to merely exercise their autonomy in their own home. This is shown in the novels Azab dan Sengsara by Armijn Pane, Sitti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli, Kehilangan Mestika by Hamidah, Widyawati by Arti Purbani, and Para Priyayi by Umar Kayam. -
Masculine Language in Indonesian Novels: A
HUM ANIORASupriyadi - Masculine Language In Indonesian Novels VOLUM E 26 No. 2 Juni 2014 Halaman 225-234 M ASCULINE LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAN NOVELS: A FEM INIST STYLISTIC APPROACH ON BELENGGU AND PENGAKUAN PARIYEM Supriyadi* ABSTRAK Novel Belenggu karya Armijn Pane yang terbit pertama kali pada tahun 1938 dan novel lirik Pengakuan Pariyem karya Linus Suryadi AG yang terbit pada tahun 1980 menarik untuk dikaji dari aspek kebahasaannya, khususnya ketika dihubungkan dengan masalah gender dan tradisi patriarkhis. Dalam hal ini, pendekatan yang tepat untuk menganalisisnya ialah pendekatan stilistika feminis menurut Sara Mills karena pendekatan ini menganalisis karya sastra dari segi bahasa dan kemudian dihubungkan dengan konteks kehidupan masyarakat ketika karya sastra itu diterbitkan. Hasil yang didapatkan ialah novel Belenggu dan novel lirik Pengakuan Pariyem pada dasarnya menggunakan bahasa laki-laki ketika novel itu dihubungkan dengan masalah gender dan tradisi patriarkhis. Bahasa laki-laki ini meliputi pilihan kata dan frase, pilihan klausa dan kalimat, dan pilihan wacananya. Secara kontekstual, novel Belenggu merupakan tanggapan pengarang terhadap kondisi perempuan tahun 1930-an yang mulai menyadari kedudukannya dalam posisi yang inferior terhadap laki-laki. Novel Belenggu merupakan kritik pengarang (yang merepresentasikan laki-laki) yang menilai bahwa kedudukan perempuan sebaiknya seperti semula: tinggal di rumah, mendukung kerja suami, mengurusi rumah tangga, dan lain-lain. Sementara itu, novel lirik Pengakuan Pariyem melihat bahwa hubungan laki-laki dengan perempuan merupakan hubungan yang saling memerlukan meskipun perempuan tetap bekerja dalam lingkungan rumah tangga, sedangkan laki- laki juga tetap bekerja di luar. Kata Kunci: bahasa laki-laki, kontekstual, patriarkhis, stilistika feminis ABSTRACT Belenggu is a novel written by Armijn Pane in 1938, whereas Pengakuan Pariyem is a lyrical novel written by Linus Suryadi AG that published in 1980. -
Pramoedya Ananta Toer and China: the Transformation of a Cultural Intellectual
PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER AND CHINA: THE TRANSFORMATION OF A CULTURAL INTELLECTUAL Hong Liu As one of the most prominent writers in Indonesia, Pramoedya Ananta Toer has been at the center of a number of valuable studies which carefully document his intellectual journey and his place in modern Indonesian cultural history.* 1 It has been generally agreed that the years between 1956 and 1959 were crucial in the evolution of Pramoedya's cultural and political thinking. In an effort to trace the causes of this change, the existing literature focuses almost exclusively on Indonesia's turbulent domestic political transformation and its impact on Pramoedya; very little attention * This is an expanded version of a chapter from my doctoral dissertation, "'The China Metaphor': Indonesian Intellectuals and the PRC, 1949-1965" (Ohio University, 1995). I am indebted to William H. Frederick for his constructive and thorough comments. Charles Alexander, Donald Jordan, Benedict Anderson, Chen Xiaru, Go Gien Tjwan, Kent Mulliner, Kohar Rony, Yong Mun-Cheong, and Tsing Yuan have been helpful in shaping my understanding of the complex questions relating to China in Indonesia, for which I am grateful. Financial support for my overseas research was provided by a fellowship from the Center for International Studies at Ohio University and a grant from the Southeast Asian Council of the Association for Asian Studies, both funded by the Henry Luce Foundation. I alone, of course, am responsible for the views expressed here and any remaining errors. 1 See for example, Bahrum Rangkuti, Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan Karja Seninja (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1963); Savitri Scherer, "From Culture to Politics: The Writings of Pramoedya Ananta Toer" (PhD diss., Australian National University, 1981); Mohamad Zamri bin Shaari, "Sebuah Analisa Kebahasaan terhadap Bumi Manusia Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer" (PhD diss., Universitas Nasional Indonesia, 1985); and A. -
Persepsi Siswa Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 4 Bojonegoro
AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah Volume 3, No. 2, Juli 2015 PEREMPUAN TAHUN 1938-1940 DALAM ROMAN BELENGGU KARYA ARMIJN PANE Khomaria Nurhidah 11040284010 Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Surabaya Email: [email protected] Corry Liana, M.Pd Jurusan Pendidikan SejarahFakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Surabaya Abstrak Penelitian ini mengungkapkan keadaan perempuan pada tahun 1938-1940 di Indonesia lewat pandangan roman Belenggu karya Armijn Pane. Roman Belenggu banyak menggambarkan kehidupan perempuan tahun 1938- 1940, yang mana ada yang benar-benar merepresentasikan kehidupan perempuan tahun 1938-1940 namun, ada juga yang hanya imajinasi penulis semata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan keadaan perempuan tahun 1938-1940 yang sebenarnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian sejarah. Sumber penelitian di bagi menjadi dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber primer antara lain koran dan majalah sezaman, sedangkan sumber sekunder didapat dari buku-buku pendukung judul penelitian. Sumber yang sudah terkumpul ditelaah otentisitas dan kredibilitas sumber. Setelah dilakukan kritik sumber, maka selanjutnya dilakukan interpretasi atau penafsiran terhadap sumber-sumber yang diperoleh kemudian dianalis. Berdasarkan analisis sumber yang dilakukan dihasilkan sebuah kesimpulan, bahwa roman Belenggu karya Armijn Pane merupakan representasi kehidupan perempuan tahun 1938-1940. Namun tidak semua kehidupan perempuan dalam roman Belenggu merupakan representasi kehiudpan perempuan tahun 1938-1940, ada beberapa kehidupan perempuan dalam roman Belenggu merupakan imajinasi pengarang. Kata Kunci: Kedudukan Perempuan, Roman, Belenggu Abstract This research revealed the state of women in 1938 and 1940 in Indonesia, seen from Armijn Pane's Belenggu. Belenggu novel describing the life of women's in 1938 and 1940, which is really represent female life in 1938 and 1940, however there are also some that were only imagination writer. -
Download Download
P-ISSN: 2541-6960; E-ISSN: 2549-8754 Yupa: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 4 No. 1, 0000 (29-39) http://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/yupa Developing Digital Book Based on Lafran Pane' Thought for Increasing State Defend Attitude of Students Umi Azizah1, Djono2, Akhmad Arif Musaddad3 1Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 2Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 3Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 1 2 3 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received Accepted Published 14/07/2020 02/09/2020 10/09/2020 Abstract In the globalization era, technology development grows rapidly. The development of technology accompanied with the decreasing of states defend attitude among Indonesian. This phenomenon evidenced by development of life that has been influenced by foreign culture, of sectarian solidarity, individualism, primordial, and the moral degradation of Indonesian which can threaten the integration of the nation. Education has an important role to deal with these problems. Teachers must be able to find instructional innovations that can be used to improve state defend attitude of students, because very important for future of the nation. Instructional innovation can be used by revive characters which it contains the values of state defend in the form of digital books. Lafran Pane is one of the Indonesian heroes who have thoughts about an intellectual's attitude towards the progress of the nation and state, especially students. Lafran Pane emphasized that student must be able to love their homeland, be hold on their beliefs, reform of thought in all fields, create harmony between religions, and be aware of their obligations as a fighter to elevate national dignity. -
Downloaded From
M. Bodden Utopia and the shadow of nationalism; The plays of Sanusi Pane 1928-1940 In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 153 (1997), no: 3, Leiden, 332-355 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 12:36:07AM via free access MICHAEL H. BODDEN Utopia and the Shadow of Nationalism The Plays of Sanusi Pane 1928-1940 i Benedict Anderson's seminal work, lmagined Communities, among other things, uses several early works of modern Southeast Asian literature to demonstrate the emergence of a new kind of narrative perspective which could be associated with the general growth of nationalism in the nine- teenth and twentieth centuries (Anderson 1983:32-7). Subsequently, much work has been done on the links between literature and the construction of a 'national identity'. Fredric Jameson has gone so far in his thinking about the relationship between nationalism and literature as to claim that all 'third world' texts 'necessarily project a political dimension in the form of a national allegory' (Jameson 1986:69). Aijaz Ahmad, responding to Jameson's assertion and the article in which it appeared, countered that Jameson had turned all Asian and African critics and writers into mystifïed 'civilizational others'. He had done this, Ahmad claimed, by reducing all the issues dealt with by these writers and critics to the singular problem of a nationalist struggle against colonial oppressors and their post-colonial successors. Ahmad argued that it is necessary to avoid such reductionism, no matter how well- intentioned, by overlooking neither 'class formation and class struggle' as motivating forces in history, nor 'the multiplicities of intersecting conflicts based upon class, gender, nation, race, region and so on ...' (Ahmad 1987: 8-9). -
Feminisme Dalam Novel Belenggu Karya Armijn Pane
SEMINAR NASIONAL PASCASARJANA 2019 ISSN: 2686-6404 Feminisme dalam Novel Belenggu Karya Armijn Pane Sumartinia,* a Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, Indonesia * Alamat Surel: [email protected] Abstrak Persoalan perempuan sudah sejak lama menjadi salah satu topik yang disajikan pengarang dalam karya sastranya. Novel Belenggu merupakan salah satu karya sastra yang isinya sudah membicarakan persoalan perempuan. Walaupun novel ini sudah diterbitkan puluhan tahun yang lalu, namun isinya masih sangat relevan dengan permasalahan perempuan yang berkembang sangat pesat sampai dengan saat ini. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penulis ingin menguraikan bagaimana gambaran pemikiran perempuan di masa lalu yang ada dalam novel Belenggu. Pisau bedah yang digunakan untuk mengkaji novel ini adalah kritik sastra feminis. Dari hasil kajian terhadap novel ini diperoleh hasil bahwa perempuan di masa lalu sudah berfikir maju dan ingin mempunyai hak yang setara laki-laki. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh pemikiran tokoh Tini yang berbeda pemikirannya dengan pemikiran kaum perempuan dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Kata kunci: feminisme, kesetaraan, perempuan, novel Belenggu © 2019 Dipublikasikan oleh Universitas Negeri Semarang 1. Pendahuluan Persoalan perempuan sudah sejak lama menjadi salah satu topik yang disajikan pengarang dalam karya sastranya. Puluhan tahun yang lalu, disadari atau tidak para pengarang sudah membincangkan pesoalan perempuan. Contohnya, Armijn Pane dalam salah satu novelnya yang berjudul Belenggu . Novel ini merupakan salah satu karya sastrayang isinya sudah membicarakan masalah perempuan. Walaupun novel ini sudah diterbitkan puluhan tahun yang lalu, namun isinya masih sangat relevan dengan permasalahan perempuan yang berkembang sangat pesat sampai dengan saat ini. Novel Belenggu menceritakan Tokoh Tini , isteri seorang dokter. Sebagai perempuan yang sudah menempuh pendidikan tinggi, ia mempunyai pemikiran yang berbeda dengan perempuan pada umumnya. -
H. Aveling Some Conventions of Prewar Indonesian Verse In
H. Aveling Some conventions of prewar Indonesian verse In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 128 (1972), no: 4, Leiden, 417-429 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:08:55PM via free access SOME CONVENTIONS OF PREWAR INDONESIAN VERSE modern literature in a non-western environment begins, as several Czech scholars have pointed out,1 after a period Aof contact with modern (western) thought by a modernising elite removed from the traditional environment. Then follows a period of intermingled reaction, imitation and experimentation, until the 'point of stabilization' is reached and the new literature enters into full contact with modern world literature in its own right, with its own individual modern (twentieth century) characteristics. In Indonesia, the spread of Dutch literature in schools after 1900 meant that the contact litera- ture was the Dutch 1880's Movement, one of the last of the various Romantic movements in Europe or one of the late nineteenth-century Aesthetic movements depending on one's point of view, and the melo- dramatic, novel. This essay seeks neither to compare the Dutch and Indonesian movements2 nor to explore a sociology of literature. Rather, keeping in mind the romantic (or neo-romantic) precedents of Indonesian litera- ture, I hope to describe some of the conventions of prewar verse about poetry, nature, the artist and human nature, as found in the poetry and writings on poetry by practising poets of the period. Further I hope to suggest a contradiction between the persistent application of those conventions and the doctrine of poetic inspiration which, I believe, ultimately accounts for the failure of that verse to acquire aesthetic stature.