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POL1000011991ENGLISH.Pdf Amnesty International is a worldwide movoment independent of any government, political persuasion or religious creed. It plays a specific rolein the intornational protection of human rights. - it seeks the release of prisoners of conscience. These are people detained fo r their beliefs, colour, sex, ethnic origin, language or religion who have not used or advocated violence; - it works for fa ir and prompt trials for all political prisoners; - it opposes the death penalty and tortureor other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of all prisoners without reservation. Amnesty International is impartial. It does not support or oppose any gov rnmentor political system, nor does it support or oppose the views of the prisoners whose rights it seeks to protect. It is concern d sol Iy with the protection of the human rights involved in each case, r gardless of the ideology of th government or th beliefs of the victim. Amnesty International, as a matter of principle, condemns the torture and execution of prisoners by anyone, including opposition groups. Governments have the responsibility for dealing with such abuses, acting in conformity with international standards for the protection of human rights. Amnesty International does not grade governments according to their record on human rights: instead of attempting comparisons it concentrates on trying to end the specific violations of human rights in each case. Amnesty International acts on the basis of the United Nations Universal D daration of (Iuman Rights and other international instruments.Through practical work for prisoners within its mandate, Amnesty International participates in the wid r promotion and protection of human rights in the civil, political, economic, social and cultural spheres. Amnesty International has more than 1,100,000 members, subscribers and regular donors in over 150 countries and territories, with more than 6,000 local groups in over 70 countrie in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Each group works on behalf of prisonors of conscience in countries other than its own. Thos countries are balanced geographically and politically to ensure impartiality. Information about prisoners and human rights violations emanates from Amnesty International's Research Departm nt in London. No section, group or member is expected to provide information on their own country, and no section, group or member has any responsibility for action takon or statements issued by the intornational organization concerning their own country. Amnesty International has fo rmal relations with tho United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOS(X:); tho Unitod Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); tho Council of Europo; tho Organization of American States; and tho Organization of African Unity. Amnesty International is financed by subscriptions and donations from its worldwide memborship. To safeguard the indopendonco of the organization, all contributions are strictly controlled by guidelines laid down by tho International Council. 0 tails of income and expendituro are availablo on roquest from the International Secrotariat. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 1991 This r port covers the period January to December 1990 Amne ty International Publications 1 Easton tr' ,t. London wclx BD) United Kingdom First published 1991 by Amnesty International Publications 1 Easton Street, London wclx 8DI, United Kingdom � Copyright Amnesty International Publications 1991 ISBN: 0 86210 196 4 AI Index: p()� 10/01/91 Original Language: English Typesetting and page makeup by: Accent on type, 2-4 Tysoe Stroet, London Eel R 4QR Printed by: The Bath Press, Lower Bristol Road, Bath, United Kingdom Cover design: Tessa Pellow (The languages shown are the official languages of the United Nations. Amnis/ie In/erna/ianaleis the term used by the francophone branch of Amnesty International in Canada.) All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, recording andlor otherwiso without the prior permission of the publishers. This report documents Amnesty purpose only. It is not possible on the small International'swork and its concerns scale used to show precise political throughout the world during 1990, The boundaries. nor should the maps be taken absence of an entry in this report on a as indicating any view on the status of particular country does not imply that no disputed territory. Amnesty International human rights violations of concern to takes no position on territorial questions. Amnesty Internationalhave taken place Disputed boundaries and cease-fire lines there during the year. Nor is the length of a are shown, where possible, by broken country entry any basis for a comparison of lines. Areas whose disputed status is a the extent and depth of Amnesty matter of unresolved concern before the International's concerns in a country. relevant bodies of the United Nations have Regional maps have been included in this been indicated by striping only on the report to indicate the location of countries maps of the country which has de facto i and territories cited in the text and for that control of the area. Amnesty International Report 1991 ERRATA Introduction/Work with InternationalOrganiZAtions Page 17. lines 6-7 should read: Forty-one member states of the OAU were parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights by the end of 1990 after ratifications by Angola, Malawi and ... Amnesty Internationalphotograph exhibition: 1991 campaign Page 24. top row. second photograph: Israel should read Israel and the Occupied Territories. Afghanistan Page 27. first column. line 3: hundreds should read dozens. Antigua and Barbuda Page 34, first column. lines 5-8 should read: Everette Byers was sentenced to death in April for murder. He was one of two prisoners reportedly under sentence of death at the end of the year. Ethiopia Page 90. first column. line 18: 1976 should read 1986. Guinea-Bissau Page 106. second column. lines 48-49 should read: ... was apparently subsequently released. Niger Page 171. second column. line 9: delete peaceful. South Africa Page 204, second column. line 49: August should read September. Suriname Page 215. first column. line 9 should read: ...army were feared killed following an internal ... UnitedStates of America Page 240. second column. line 8 should read: ...Nevada, SouthCarolina, Texas and Virgina. AppendixIV - A mnestyInternational Around the World Page 271. first column. line 31: the address of the Israel Section is PO Box 14179. Tel Aviv 61141. Appendix Vll - Sekcted Regional Human Rights Treaties Page 278, (Organization of AfricanUnity). Angola ratifiedthe African Charter on Human andPeop les' Rights during 1990. CONTENTS CONTENTS Introduction / 1 Amnesty International: A Worldwide Campaign / 3 Work with International Organizations / 10 Amnesty International photograph exhibition: 1991 campaign / 21 Afghanistan (The Republic of) / 27 Albania (The People's Socialist Republic of) / 28 Algeria (The People's Democratic Republic of) / 31 Angola (The People's Republic of) / 32 Antigua and Barbuda / 34 Argentina (The Argentine Republic) / 34 Australia / 36 Austria (The Republic of) / 36 Bahamas (The Commonwealth of the) / 38 Bahrain (The State of) / 38 Bangladesh (The People's Republic of) / 40 Benin (The People's Republic of) / 42 Bermuda / 43 Bhutan (The Kingdom of) / 44 Bolivia (The Republic of) / 44 Brazil (The Federative Republic of) / 46 Brunei Darussalam / 49 Bulgaria (The Republic of) / 50 Burkina Faso / 51 Burma (see Myanmar) Burundi (The Republic of) / 52 Cambodia (The State of)/ Democratic Kampuchea / 54 Cameroon (The Republic of) / 55 Canada /57 Central African Republic (The) / 58 Chad (The Republic of) / 59 Chile (The Republic of) / 61 China (The People's Republic of) / 64 Colombia (The Republic of) / 67 Comoros (The Islamic Federal Republic of the) / 70 Congo (The People's Republic of the) / 71 Cote d'Ivoire / 72 Cuba (The Republic of) / 73 Cyprus (The Republic of) / 76 Czechoslovakia (The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic) / 76 Denmark/77 Djibouti (The Republic of) / 78 CONTENTS Dominica (The Commonwealth of) / 78 Dominican Republic (The) /79 Ecuador (The Republic of) / 80 Egypt (The Arab Republic of) / 81 El Salvador (The Republic of) / 84 Equatorial Guinea (The Republic of) / 87 Ethiopia (The People's Democratic Republic of) / 88 Fiji / 91 Finland (The Republic of) / 92 France (The French Republic) / 92 Gabon (The Gabonese Republic) / 93 Gambia (The Republic of the) / 95 Germany (The Federal Republic of) / 95 Ghana (The Republic of) / 97 Greece (The Hellenic Republic) / 99 Grenada /100 Guatemala (The Republic of) / 101 Guinea (The Republic of) / 104 Guinea-Bissau (The Republic of) / 106 Guyana (The Cooperative Republic of) /107 Haiti (The Republic of) / 108 Honduras (The Republic of) / 110 Hong Kong /112 India (The Republic of) / 113 Indonesia (The Republic of) and East Timor /117 Iran (The Islamic Republic of) / 119 Iraq (The Republic of) and Occupied Kuwait /122 Ireland (The Republic of) /125 Israel (The State of) and the Occupied Territories / 126 Italy (The Italian Republic) /129 Jamaica/130 Japan /132 Jordan (The Hashemite Kingdom of) / 133 Kampuchea (see Cambodia) Kenya (The Republic of) / 135 Korea (The Democratic People's Republic of) / 137 Korea (The Republic of) / 137 Kuwait (The State of) /140 Laos (The Lao People's Democratic Republic) / 141 Lebanon (The Lebanese Republic)
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