Directions for Exploiting Asymmetries in Multilingual Wikipedia
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A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 2373–2380 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC A Topic-Aligned Multilingual Corpus of Wikipedia Articles for Studying Information Asymmetry in Low Resource Languages Dwaipayan Roy, Sumit Bhatia, Prateek Jain GESIS - Cologne, IBM Research - Delhi, IIIT - Delhi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Wikipedia is the largest web-based open encyclopedia covering more than three hundred languages. However, different language editions of Wikipedia differ significantly in terms of their information coverage. We present a systematic comparison of information coverage in English Wikipedia (most exhaustive) and Wikipedias in eight other widely spoken languages (Arabic, German, Hindi, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish). We analyze the content present in the respective Wikipedias in terms of the coverage of topics as well as the depth of coverage of topics included in these Wikipedias. Our analysis quantifies and provides useful insights about the information gap that exists between different language editions of Wikipedia and offers a roadmap for the Information Retrieval (IR) community to bridge this gap. Keywords: Wikipedia, Knowledge base, Information gap 1. Introduction other with respect to the coverage of topics as well as Wikipedia is the largest web-based encyclopedia covering the amount of information about overlapping topics. -
Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia
information Article Modeling Popularity and Reliability of Sources in Multilingual Wikipedia Włodzimierz Lewoniewski * , Krzysztof W˛ecel and Witold Abramowicz Department of Information Systems, Pozna´nUniversity of Economics and Business, 61-875 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (W.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 7 May 2020; Published: 13 May 2020 Abstract: One of the most important factors impacting quality of content in Wikipedia is presence of reliable sources. By following references, readers can verify facts or find more details about described topic. A Wikipedia article can be edited independently in any of over 300 languages, even by anonymous users, therefore information about the same topic may be inconsistent. This also applies to use of references in different language versions of a particular article, so the same statement can have different sources. In this paper we analyzed over 40 million articles from the 55 most developed language versions of Wikipedia to extract information about over 200 million references and find the most popular and reliable sources. We presented 10 models for the assessment of the popularity and reliability of the sources based on analysis of meta information about the references in Wikipedia articles, page views and authors of the articles. Using DBpedia and Wikidata we automatically identified the alignment of the sources to a specific domain. Additionally, we analyzed the changes of popularity and reliability in time and identified growth leaders in each of the considered months. The results can be used for quality improvements of the content in different languages versions of Wikipedia. -
Omnipedia: Bridging the Wikipedia Language
Omnipedia: Bridging the Wikipedia Language Gap Patti Bao*†, Brent Hecht†, Samuel Carton†, Mahmood Quaderi†, Michael Horn†§, Darren Gergle*† *Communication Studies, †Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, §Learning Sciences Northwestern University {patti,brent,sam.carton,quaderi}@u.northwestern.edu, {michael-horn,dgergle}@northwestern.edu ABSTRACT language edition contains its own cultural viewpoints on a We present Omnipedia, a system that allows Wikipedia large number of topics [7, 14, 15, 27]. On the other hand, readers to gain insight from up to 25 language editions of the language barrier serves to silo knowledge [2, 4, 33], Wikipedia simultaneously. Omnipedia highlights the slowing the transfer of less culturally imbued information similarities and differences that exist among Wikipedia between language editions and preventing Wikipedia’s 422 language editions, and makes salient information that is million monthly visitors [12] from accessing most of the unique to each language as well as that which is shared information on the site. more widely. We detail solutions to numerous front-end and algorithmic challenges inherent to providing users with In this paper, we present Omnipedia, a system that attempts a multilingual Wikipedia experience. These include to remedy this situation at a large scale. It reduces the silo visualizing content in a language-neutral way and aligning effect by providing users with structured access in their data in the face of diverse information organization native language to over 7.5 million concepts from up to 25 strategies. We present a study of Omnipedia that language editions of Wikipedia. At the same time, it characterizes how people interact with information using a highlights similarities and differences between each of the multilingual lens. -
An Analysis of Contributions to Wikipedia from Tor
Are anonymity-seekers just like everybody else? An analysis of contributions to Wikipedia from Tor Chau Tran Kaylea Champion Andrea Forte Department of Computer Science & Engineering Department of Communication College of Computing & Informatics New York University University of Washington Drexel University New York, USA Seatle, USA Philadelphia, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Benjamin Mako Hill Rachel Greenstadt Department of Communication Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington New York University Seatle, USA New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—User-generated content sites routinely block contri- butions from users of privacy-enhancing proxies like Tor because of a perception that proxies are a source of vandalism, spam, and abuse. Although these blocks might be effective, collateral damage in the form of unrealized valuable contributions from anonymity seekers is invisible. One of the largest and most important user-generated content sites, Wikipedia, has attempted to block contributions from Tor users since as early as 2005. We demonstrate that these blocks have been imperfect and that thousands of attempts to edit on Wikipedia through Tor have been successful. We draw upon several data sources and analytical techniques to measure and describe the history of Tor editing on Wikipedia over time and to compare contributions from Tor users to those from other groups of Wikipedia users. Fig. 1. Screenshot of the page a user is shown when they attempt to edit the Our analysis suggests that although Tor users who slip through Wikipedia article on “Privacy” while using Tor. Wikipedia’s ban contribute content that is more likely to be reverted and to revert others, their contributions are otherwise similar in quality to those from other unregistered participants and to the initial contributions of registered users. -
Texts from De.Wikipedia.Org, De.Wikisource.Org
Texts from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13635/13635-h/13635-h.htm, de.wikipedia.org, de.wikisource.org BRITISH AND GERMAN AUTHORS AND Contents: INTELLECTUALS CONFRONT EACH OTHER IN 1914 1. British authors defend England’s war (17 September) The material here collected consists of altercations between British and German men of letters and professors in the first 2. Appeal of the 93 German professors “to the world of months of the First World War. Remarkably they present culture” (4 October 1914) themselves as collective bodies and as an authoritative voice on — 2a. German version behalf of their nation. — 2b. English version The English-language materials given here were published in, 3. Declaration of the German university professors (16 and have been quoted from, The New York Times Current October 1914) History: A Monthly Magazine ("The European War", vol. 1: — 3a. German version "From the beginning to March 1915"; New York: The New — 3b. English version York Times Company 1915), online on Project Gutenberg (www.gutenberg.org). That same source also contains many 4. Reply to the German professors, by British scholars interventions written à titre personnel by individuals, including (21 October 1914) G.B. Shaw, H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, John Galsworthy, Jerome K. Jerome, Rudyard Kipling, G.K. Chesterton, H. Rider Haggard, Robert Bridges, Arthur Conan Doyle, Maurice Maeterlinck, Henri Bergson, Romain Rolland, Gerhart Hauptmann and Adolf von Harnack (whose open letter "to Americans in Germany" provoked a response signed by 11 British theologians). The German texts given here here can be found, with backgrounds, further references and more precise datings, in the German wikipedia article "Manifest der 93" and the German wikisource article “Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches” (in a version dated 23 October 1914, with French parallel translation, along with the names of all 3000 signatories). -
Florida State University Libraries
)ORULGD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\/LEUDULHV 2020 Wiki-Donna: A Contribution to a More Gender-Balanced History of Italian Literature Online Zoe D'Alessandro Follow this and additional works at DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES WIKI-DONNA: A CONTRIBUTION TO A MORE GENDER-BALANCED HISTORY OF ITALIAN LITERATURE ONLINE By ZOE D’ALESSANDRO A Thesis submitted to the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Honors in the Major Degree Awarded: Spring, 2020 The members of the Defense Committee approve the thesis of Zoe D’Alessandro defended on April 20, 2020. Dr. Silvia Valisa Thesis Director Dr. Celia Caputi Outside Committee Member Dr. Elizabeth Coggeshall Committee Member Introduction Last year I was reading Una donna (1906) by Sibilla Aleramo, one of the most important works in Italian modern literature and among the very first explicitly feminist works in the Italian language. Wanting to know more about it, I looked it up on Wikipedia. Although there exists a full entry in the Italian Wikipedia (consisting of a plot summary, publishing information, and external links), the corresponding page in the English Wikipedia consisted only of a short quote derived from a book devoted to gender studies, but that did not address that specific work in great detail. As in-depth and ubiquitous as Wikipedia usually is, I had never thought a work as important as this wouldn’t have its own page. This discovery prompted the question: if this page hadn’t been translated, what else was missing? And was this true of every entry for books across languages, or more so for women writers? My work in expanding the entry for Una donna was the beginning of my exploration into the presence of Italian women writers in the Italian and English Wikipedias, and how it relates back to canon, Wikipedia, and gender studies. -
Parallel Creation of Gigaword Corpora for Medium Density Languages – an Interim Report
Parallel creation of gigaword corpora for medium density languages – an interim report Peter´ Halacsy,´ Andras´ Kornai, Peter´ Nemeth,´ Daniel´ Varga Budapest University of Technology Media Research Center H-1111 Budapest Stoczek u 2 {hp,kornai,pnemeth,daniel}@mokk.bme.hu Abstract For increased speed in developing gigaword language resources for medium resource density languages we integrated several FOSS tools in the HUN* toolkit. While the speed and efficiency of the resulting pipeline has surpassed our expectations, our experience in developing LDC-style resource packages for Uzbek and Kurdish makes clear that neither the data collection nor the subsequent processing stages can be fully automated. 1. Introduction pages (http://technorati.com/weblog/2007/ So far only a select few languages have been fully in- 04/328.html, April 2007) as a proxy for widely tegrated in the bloodstream of modern communications, available material. While the picture is somewhat distorted commerce, research, and education. Most research, devel- by artificial languages (Esperanto, Volapuk,¨ Basic En- opment, and even the language- and area-specific profes- glish) which have enthusiastic wikipedia communities but sional societies in computational linguistics (CL), natural relatively few webpages elsewhere, and by regional lan- language processing (NLP), and information retrieval (IR), guages in the European Union (Catalan, Galician, Basque, target English, the FIGS languages (French, Italian, Ger- Luxembourgish, Breton, Welsh, Lombard, Piedmontese, man, Spanish), -
Does Wikipedia Matter? the Effect of Wikipedia on Tourist Choices Marit Hinnosaar, Toomas Hinnosaar, Michael Kummer, and Olga Slivko Discus Si On Paper No
Dis cus si on Paper No. 15-089 Does Wikipedia Matter? The Effect of Wikipedia on Tourist Choices Marit Hinnosaar, Toomas Hinnosaar, Michael Kummer, and Olga Slivko Dis cus si on Paper No. 15-089 Does Wikipedia Matter? The Effect of Wikipedia on Tourist Choices Marit Hinnosaar, Toomas Hinnosaar, Michael Kummer, and Olga Slivko First version: December 2015 This version: September 2017 Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server: http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp15089.pdf Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar. Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Does Wikipedia Matter? The Effect of Wikipedia on Tourist Choices ∗ Marit Hinnosaar† Toomas Hinnosaar‡ Michael Kummer§ Olga Slivko¶ First version: December 2015 This version: September 2017 September 25, 2017 Abstract We document a causal influence of online user-generated information on real- world economic outcomes. In particular, we conduct a randomized field experiment to test whether additional information on Wikipedia about cities affects tourists’ choices of overnight visits. -
Cultural Bias in Wikipedia Content on Famous Persons
ASI21577.tex 14/6/2011 16: 39 Page 1 Cultural Bias in Wikipedia Content on Famous Persons Ewa S. Callahan Department of Film, Video, and Interactive Media, School of Communications, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mt. Carmel Avenue, Hamden, CT 06518-1908. E-mail: [email protected] Susan C. Herring School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1320 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405-3907. E-mail: [email protected] Wikipedia advocates a strict “neutral point of view” This issue comes to the fore when one considers (NPOV) policy. However, although originally a U.S-based, that Wikipedia, although originally a U.S-based, English- English-language phenomenon, the online, user-created language phenomenon, now has versions—or “editions,” as encyclopedia now has versions in many languages. This study examines the extent to which content and perspec- they are called on Wikipedia—in many languages, with con- tives vary across cultures by comparing articles about tent and perspectives that can be expected to vary across famous persons in the Polish and English editions of cultures. With regard to coverage of persons in different Wikipedia.The results of quantitative and qualitative con- language versions, Kolbitsch and Maurer (2006) claim that tent analyses reveal systematic differences related to Wikipedia “emphasises ‘local heroes”’ and thus “distorts the different cultures, histories, and values of Poland and the United States; at the same time, a U.S./English- reality and creates an imbalance” (p. 196). However, their language advantage is evident throughout. In conclusion, evidence is anecdotal; empirical research is needed to inves- the implications of these findings for the quality and tigate the question of whether—and if so, to what extent—the objectivity of Wikipedia as a global repository of knowl- cultural biases of a country are reflected in the content of edge are discussed, and recommendations are advanced Wikipedia entries written in the language of that country. -
Peer Effects in Collaborative Content Generation: the Evidence from German Wikipedia Olga Slivko Discus Si On Paper No
Dis cus si on Paper No. 14-128 Peer Effects in Collaborative Content Generation: The Evidence from German Wikipedia Olga Slivko Dis cus si on Paper No. 14-128 Peer Effects in Collaborative Content Generation: The Evidence from German Wikipedia Olga Slivko Previous version: December 22, 2014 This version: March 3, 2015 Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server: http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp14128.pdf Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar. Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Peer E↵ects in Collaborative Content Generation: The Evidence from German Wikipedia Olga Slivko ⇤ ICT Research Department, Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) Previous version: December 22, 2014 This version: March 3, 2015 Abstract On Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia, editors who contribute to the same articles and exchange comments on articles’ talk pages work in collaborative manner sometimes discussing their work. -
A Complete, Longitudinal and Multi-Language Dataset of the Wikipedia Link Networks
WikiLinkGraphs: A Complete, Longitudinal and Multi-Language Dataset of the Wikipedia Link Networks Cristian Consonni David Laniado Alberto Montresor DISI, University of Trento Eurecat, Centre Tecnologic` de Catalunya DISI, University of Trento [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract and result in a huge conceptual network. According to Wiki- pedia policies2 (Wikipedia contributors 2018e), when a con- Wikipedia articles contain multiple links connecting a sub- cept is relevant within an article, the article should include a ject to other pages of the encyclopedia. In Wikipedia par- link to the page corresponding to such concept (Borra et al. lance, these links are called internal links or wikilinks. We present a complete dataset of the network of internal Wiki- 2015). Therefore, the network between articles may be seen pedia links for the 9 largest language editions. The dataset as a giant mind map, emerging from the links established by contains yearly snapshots of the network and spans 17 years, the community. Such graph is not static but is continuously from the creation of Wikipedia in 2001 to March 1st, 2018. growing and evolving, reflecting the endless collaborative While previous work has mostly focused on the complete hy- process behind it. perlink graph which includes also links automatically gener- The English Wikipedia includes over 163 million con- ated by templates, we parsed each revision of each article to nections between its articles. This huge graph has been track links appearing in the main text. In this way we obtained exploited for many purposes, from natural language pro- a cleaner network, discarding more than half of the links and cessing (Yeh et al. -
Visual Narratives and Collective Memory Across Peer-Produced Accounts of Contested Sociopolitical Events
XX Visual Narratives and Collective Memory across Peer-Produced Accounts of Contested Sociopolitical Events EMILY PORTER, University of Washington, USA P.M. KRAFFT∗, University of Oxford, UK BRIAN KEEGAN, University of Colorado, USA Studying cultural variation in recollections of sociopolitical events is crucial for achieving diverse understand- ings of such events. To date, most studies in this area have focused on analyzing variation in texts describing events. Here we analyze variation in image usage across Wikipedia language editions to understand if like text, visual narratives reflect distinct perspectives in articles about culturally-tethered events. We focus on articles about coup d’états as an example of highly contextual sociopolitical events likely to display such variation. The key challenge to examining variation in images is that there is no existing framework to use as a basis for comparison. To address this challenge, we use an iterative inductive coding process to arrive at a 46-item typology for categorizing the content of images relating to contested sociopolitical events, and a typology of network motifs that characterizes structural patterns of image use. We apply these typologies in a large-scale quantitative analysis that establishes clusters of image themes, two detailed qualitative case studies comparing Wikipedia articles on coup d’états in Soviet Russia and Egypt, and four quantitative analyses clustering image themes by language usage at the article level. These analyses document variation in imagery around particular events and variation in tendencies across cultures. We find substantial cultural variation in both content and network structure. This study presents a novel methodological framework for uncovering culturally divergent perspective of political crises through imagery on Wikipedia.