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9/8/19 Date: 9/10/19 Article Title: Brief History of the Internet Autho
● Name: John Church ● Abstract Due Date: 9/8/19 ● Date: 9/10/19 ● Article Title: Brief History of the Internet ● Author: Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolf. ● Journal: Internet Society “Brief History of the Internet” provides the reader with a cursory overview of the organizations, motivations, and pivotal moments behind the creation of the internet and its existence up to the date of publication, in 1997. The paper begins by recounting the parties and organization that began the creation of the first networks, and their motivations. The article notes the formation of key organizations and the parties involved in the creation of key technologies over the years following the Internet's inception. The article does not delve into the details of new improvements or the stories behind certain pivotal moments, but instead focuses on giving a brief overview of the parties, technologies, and events largely by name alone. One interesting aspect of the internet's inception that I did not realize until reading the article, was the largely decentralized nature from the beginning. For example, the article mentions that routers were designed to be “black box gateways” that did not hold on to any information. This was likely in line with DARPA’s goals (preventing sensitive military information fro sitting in places it shouldn’t.) as well as technical limitations of the time (the cost of memory in routers.) I wonder, though, that if the US government knew what the internet would become, if they would have insisted on more centralized control measures and less decentralization. -
Core Magazine February 2002
FEBRUARY 2002 CORE 3.1 A PUBLICATION OF THE COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG PAGE 1 February 2002 OUR ACTIONS TODAY COREA publication of the Computer History3.1 Museum IN THIS MISSION ISSUE TO PRESERVE AND PRESENT FOR POSTERITY THE ARTIFACTS AND STORIES OF THE INFORMATION AGE INSIDE FRONT COVER VISION OUR ACTIONS TODAY The achievements of tomorrow must be was an outstanding success, and I simply doesn’t exist anywhere else in TO EXPLORE THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION AND ITS John C Toole rooted in the actions we take today. hope you caught the impact of these the world. With your sustained help, our IMPACT ON THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE Many exciting and important events announcements that have heightened actions have been able to speak much 2 THE SRI VAN AND COMPUTER have happened since our last CORE awareness of our enterprise in the louder than words, and it is my goal to INTERNETWORKING publication, and they have been community. I’m very grateful to Harry see that we are able to follow through Don Nielson carefully chosen to strategically shape McDonald (director of NASA Ames), Len on our dreams! EXECUTIVE STAFF where we will be in five years. Shustek (chairman of our Board of 7 John C Toole David Miller Trustees), Donna Dubinsky (Museum This issue of CORE is loaded with THE SRI VAN AND EARLY PACKET SPEECH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT 2 Don Nielson First, let me officially introduce our Trustee and CEO of Handspring), and technical content and information about Karen Mathews Mike Williams new name and logo to everyone who Bill Campbell (chairman of Intuit) who our organization—from a wonderful EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT HEAD CURATOR 8 has not seen them before. -
Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH
Features of the Internet history The Norwegian contribution to the development PAAL SPILLING AND YNGVAR LUNDH This article provides a short historical and personal view on the development of packet-switching, computer communications and Internet technology, from its inception around 1969 until the full- fledged Internet became operational in 1983. In the early 1990s, the internet backbone at that time, the National Science Foundation network – NSFNET, was opened up for commercial purposes. At that time there were already several operators providing commercial services outside the internet. This presentation is based on the authors’ participation during parts of the development and on literature Paal Spilling is studies. This provides a setting in which the Norwegian participation and contribution may be better professor at the understood. Department of informatics, Univ. of Oslo and University 1 Introduction Defense (DOD). It is uncertain when DoD really Graduate Center The concept of computer networking started in the standardized on the entire protocol suite built around at Kjeller early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- TCP/IP, since for several years they also followed the ogy (MIT) with the vision of an “On-line community ISO standards track. of people”. Computers should facilitate communica- tions between people and be a support for human The development of the Internet, as we know it today, decision processes. In 1961 an MIT PhD thesis by went through three phases. The first one was the Leonard Kleinrock introduced some of the earliest research and development phase, sponsored and theoretical results on queuing networks. Around the supervised by ARPA. Research groups that actively same time a series of Rand Corporation papers, contributed to the development process and many mainly authored by Paul Baran, sketched a hypotheti- who explored its potential for resource sharing were cal system for communication while under attack that permitted to connect to and use the network. -
Abbate Ch1-2
6 Introductum Wide Web are prominent examples of informally created applications that became popular, not as the result of some central agency's mar Heat and ,-,UIH..4< keting plan, but through the spontaneous decisions of thousands of a.ndMeanings of Hacket(Switching independent users. In reconstructing the history of the Internet, I have been struck time and again by. the unexpected twists and turns its development has taken. Often a well-laid plan was abandoned after a short time and replaced by a new approach from an unexpected quarter..Rapid advances, such as the introduction of personal computers and the invention of local-area networks, continually threatened to make existing network technologies obsolete. In addition, responsibility for operating the Internet changed hands several times over the course Of all the ARPANET's technical innovations, perhaps the most cele of its first thirty years or so. How, in the face of all this change and brated was packet switching. Packet switching was an experimental, uncertainty, did the system survive and even flourish? I believe that even controversial method for transmitting data across a network. Its the key to the Internet's success was a commitment to flexibility and proponents claimed that it would increase the efficiency, reliability, and diversity, both in technical design and in organizational culture. No speed of data communications, butit was also quite complex to imple one could predict the specific changes that would revolutionize the ment, and some communications experts argued that the technique computing and communications industries at the end of the twentieth would never work. -
Bibliography of BBN Documents on Parallel Processing 1.0 MONARCH
Bibliography of BBN documents on parallel processing (this file was passed to D. Walden by Mike Beeler sometime in 1994 or earlier) 1.0 MONARCH 1.1 Monarch External Publications "Contention is No Obstacle to Shared-Memory Multiprocessing," Rettberg, R. and Thomas, R.; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 29, Number 12, December 1986, pp 1202-1212. 1.2 Monarch Internal Publications "Multiprocessor System Architectures: The Monarch Multiprocessor, vol. 2: Technical Proposal," BBN Labs, November 1984. The only technical description of the Monarch architecture I have been able thus far to locate. "Dynamic Delay Adjustment: A Technique for High-Speed Asynchronous Communication," BBN Labs, December 1985. Authors: P. Bassett, L. Glasser, R. Rettberg. Presents the circuit- based Dynamic Delay Adjustment (DDA) technique for automatically adjusting signal delays in a MOS system. The technique is characterized by global clock frequency distribution coupled with local, on-chip modems which dynamically adjust the effective delay of data streams between chips. Paper was presented at the Fourth MIT Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, April 7-9, 1986. "Shared Memory Parallel Processors: The Butterfly and the Monarch," BBN Labs, April 1986. Author: Randy D. Rettberg. Presented at the Fourth MIT Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, April 7-9, l986. 2.0 BUTTERFLY 2.1 Butterfly External Publications "Evaluation of Multiprocessor Communication Architectures," A.B. Lake, M.S. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, MIT, October 1982. Presents the Butterfly Multiprocessor. "Beyond The Baskett Benchmark," M. Beeler, BBN Author, Computer Architecture News, Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture, vol. 12 no. 1, March 1984. -
Honeywell International Inc. (Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K S ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 OR £ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-8974 Honeywell International Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 22-2640650 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 101 Columbia Road Morris Township, New Jersey 07962 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (973) 455-2000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of Each Exchange Title of Each Class on Which Registered Common Stock, par value $1 per share* New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange 1 9 /2% Debentures due June 1, 2016 New York Stock Exchange * The common stock is also listed on the London Stock Exchange. Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes S No £ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes £ No S Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. -
ARPANET by Peter Grier
ARP ANET ▲ Back Forward Home Reload Images Open Print Stop Go To: http://www.thomaswatson/ The roots of the Internet can be traced to the Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency. In the Beginning, There Was ARPANET By Peter Grier ne midsummer day in 1968, can’t see what one would want such Ocomputer scientist Severo M. Orn- a thing for.” stein was sitting in his office at the small Seldom in modern history has a tech- Cambridge, Mass., firm Bolt Beranek and nological prophecy been more wrong, Newman, Inc., when his boss walked in as Ornstein himself has since laugh- and handed him a sheaf of papers. It was ingly admitted. Despite his reservations, a request from the Defense Department’s BBN bid for and won the contract to Advanced Research Projects Agency construct ARPANET—a rudimentary, (ARPA) for companies to bid on a project four-computer experiment that has since that would link together computers at exploded into today’s world-girdling, different sites, enabling them to swap multipurpose Internet. data and files. Such a network had never Maybe the Internet would have come really been built before. Mr. Ornstein’s into existence without ARPA funding. boss wanted to know if BBN could do it. The utility of such a network is obvious, Ornstein took the papers home and and numerous scientists, including some studied them overnight. A day or two in other nations, were tinkering with later, he slapped the proposal back down similar technology at the time. on his superior’s desk. But US military funding gave com- “I suppose we could build that, puter networks a great boost and ensured if you wanted to,” he said. -
The ARPANET Interface Message Processor (IMP) Port Expander (PE)
The ARPANET Interface Message Processor (IMP) Port Expander (PE) Technical Report 1080-140-1 November, 1980 Holly A. Nelson, Systems Programmer James E. Mathis, Research Engineer James M. Lieb, Research Engineer Telecommunications Sciences Center Computer Science and Technology Division This research was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under ARPA Order No.2302, Contract MDA903-80-C-0222, monitored by Dr. B. Leiner. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the United States Government. SRI Project 1080 SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 (415) 326-6200 Cable: SRIINTL MPK TWX: 910-373-1246 Technical Writing By: Forrest Warthman Warthman Associates 560 Waverley Street Palo Alto, CA 94301 The ARPANET Interface Message Processor (IMP) Port Expander Contents Contents . iii Preface . v 1 Introduction . 1 2 The Port Expander (PE) Concept. 2 2.1 Destination-Address Demultiplexing . 2 2.2 Packet Routing . 4 2.3 Major Features and Restrictions . 5 3 Hardware Diagrams and Specifications . 6 4 Installation and Startup . 10 4.1 Power and Environmental Requirements . 10 4.2 Mounting Space . 10 4.3 Cable Connectors . 12 4.4 Board List . 12 4.5 Documentation Checklist. 12 4.6 Software Downloading and Startup. 13 5 Basic Operation. 15 5.1 The PE Console (PECON) Process . 15 5.2 Command Summary . 15 5.3 Monitor Messages . 21 6 Port Expander Software . 23 6.1 Data Structures . 23 6.1.1 Static Data Structures. -
End-To-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory
End-to-End Arguments in the Internet: Principles, Practices, and Theory vorgelegt von Matthias Bärwolff Von der Fakultät IV Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr. Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Anja Feldmann (Vorsitzende) Prof. Dr. Bernd Lutterbeck (Berichter) Dr. David D. Clark (Berichter) Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 22. Oktober 2010 Berlin 2010 D 83 Dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Technische Universität Berlin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Dr. Ing. Advisers: Prof. em. Dr. iur. Bernd Lutterbeck, Technische Universität Berlin Dr. David D. Clark, Massachusetts Institute of Technology I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Auslandsdienst, DAAD) who have given me a scholarship for a stay at MIT in early 2009. Diese Doktorarbeit wurde mit finanzieller Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Auslandsdiensts (DAAD) in Form eines dreimonatigen Doktorandenstipendiums im Jahr 2009 angefertigt. © Copyright 2010 by Matthias Bärwolff www.bärwolff.de [email protected] +49 30 20238852 rinciples are often more effective guides for action when they appear as no more than an unreasoned prejudice, Pa general feeling that certain things simply “are not done”; while as soon as they are explicitly stated speculation begins about their correctness and their validity. [ . ] Once the instinctive certainty is lost, perhaps as a result of unsuccessful attempts to put into words principles that had been observed “intuitively”, there is no way of regaining such guidance other than to search for a correct statement of what before was known implicitly. -
The Past and Future History of the INTERNET the Science of Future Technology
Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Lawrence G. Roberts, Stephen S. Wolff The Past and Future History of the INTERNET the science of future technology HE INTERNET HAS REVOLUTIONIZED THE COMPUTER AND COMMUNICA- tions world like nothing before. The telegraph, telephone, radio, and T computer have all set the stage for the Internet’s unprecedented inte- gration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers with- out regard for geographic location. The Internet also represents one of the most suc- many aspects—technological, organizational, and cessful examples of sustained investment and commit- community. And its influence reaches not only to the ment to research and development in information technical fields of computer communications but infrastructure. Beginning with early research in packet throughout society as we move toward increasing use switching, the government, industry, and academia of online tools to accomplish electronic commerce, have been partners in evolving and deploying this information acquisition, and community operations.2 exciting new technology. Today, terms like “[email protected]” and “http://www.acm.org” trip Origins lightly off the tongue of random people on the street.1 The first recorded description of the social interactions The Internet today is a widespread information that could be enabled through networking was a series infrastructure, the initial prototype of what is often of memos written August 1962 by J.C.R. Licklider of called the National (or Global or Galactic) Information MIT, discussing his “Galactic Network” concept [6]. -
Application for Renewal of Honeywell Metropolis Works
Honeywell Specialty Materials Honeywell P.O. Box 430 Highway 45 North Metropolis, IL 62960 618 524-2111 618 524-6239 Fax May 27, 2005 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (UPS: 301-415-6334) Attention: Michael Raddatz Fuel Cycle Licensing Branch, Mail Stop T-8A33 Two White Flint North, 11545 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 Subject: Renewal of USNRC Source Materials License Re: Docket No. 40-3392 License No. SUB-526 Dear Sirs, Please find enclosed the Honeywell International Inc. application for renewal of USNRC Source Materials License SUB-526 for Honeywell's Metropolis, Illinois Uranium Conversion Facility (Docket No. 40-3392). This application has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 40. The content and format of the application and supporting materials are generally consistent with the guidance provided in USNRC Regulatory Guide 3.55, "Standard Format and Content for the Health and Safety Section of License Renewal Applications for Uranium Hexafluoride Production." We have incorporated certain variations from this guidance consistent with our April 26, 2005 discussions with the NRC staff. Enclosed are the following: * One original and 7 copies of the Metropolis Works USNRC Source Materials License Application (Regulatory Guide 3.55 Chapters 1 through 7), including USNRC Form 313 * One original and 7 copies of the revised Metropolis Works Emergency Response Plan * One original and 7 copies of the Metropolis Works Safety Demonstration Report (Regulatory Guide 3.55 Chapters 8 through 14), including related drawings and appendices * One original and 7 copies of the Metropolis Works Environmental Report * One compact disc containing the text files for each of the above in pdf format Attached to this letter, please find a summary of the significant changes to the License Application and Safety Demonstration Report. -
Download Presentation Slides
New IP and Market Opportunities Richard Li Chief Scientist, Network Technologies Futurewei, USA IEEE International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR) 2020 May 11-14, 2020 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Acknowledgement and Disclaimer • New IP is under research and development by research scientists and professional engineers across different countries and different organizations • Some results of this talk may have appeared in ITU, IEEE and ACM publications 2 The Internet has been very successful! But can it sustain all new applications in decades to come? Can we rest here and take the Internet as it is forever? Paul Baran Leonard Kleinrock Frank Heart &Team, Queen Elizabeth II TCP/IP ARPANET Sends her first email. Inventor Packet Switching BBN IMP Spec Standardized ceased 1961 1968 1976 1980 2000 Conceptual Experimental Standardization Explooooosion 1965 1974 1979 1989 Cyclades at INRIA, IEEE, "A Protocol for Packet Network WWW, CERN Inventor Packet Switching France, 1971-1979, Intercommunication” , 1974 Tim Berners-Lee Don Davis, NPL, UK Louis Pouzin Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn Packet Switching Landmark Projects Commercialization Page 3 Agenda • Market Opportunities and New Requirements ▪ Need for high-precision communications for industrial machine-type communications ▪ Need for free choice addressing in the age of ManyNets for economy and democracy ▪ Need for qualitative communications for very large volumetric communications • Current IP ▪ Design decisions: e.g. Fixed Addressing, Inherently Best Effort ▪ Packet