DOCSLIB.ORG

Data Collection Survey on Environment and Energy Efficiency Sectors in Kazakhstan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Data Collection Survey on Environment and Energy Efficiency Sectors in Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan Data Collection Survey on Environment and Energy Efficiency Sectors in Kazakhstan Final Report June 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Table of Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Scope and Objective of the Survey........................................................................................1 1.2.1 Scope of the Survey ..........................................................................................................1 1.2.2 Objective ..........................................................................................................................2 1.3 Scope of Work........................................................................................................................2 1.4 Implementation Plan of the Survey ......................................................................................3 1.4.1 Schedule ...........................................................................................................................3 1.4.2 Implementation Structure..................................................................................................4 Chapter 2 Energy Efficiency Policy in Japan.............................................................................5 2.1 Energy Efficiency Policy .......................................................................................................5 2.1.1 Overview of the Policy .....................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Energy Conservation Law .................................................................................................6 2.1.3 Main Measures for Energy Efficiency ...............................................................................8 2.2 Energy Efficient Technology ...............................................................................................22 2.2.1 Power Generation Facilities and CHP Facilities ..............................................................23 2.2.2 Renewable Energy ..........................................................................................................30 2.2.3 Transmissin Facilities .....................................................................................................32 2.2.4 Demand–side Facilities ...................................................................................................36 Chapter 3 Climate Change Policy in the World .......................................................................39 3.1 Japan’s Involvement in Climate Change Policy .................................................................39 3.1.1 Background.....................................................................................................................39 3.1.2 Japan’s Domestic Measures against Global Warming ......................................................40 3.1.3 International Climate Change Negotiations and the Kyoto Protocol ................................40 3.2 Current Status and Future Prospects in Emission Trading ...............................................40 3.2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................40 3.2.2 Kyoto Protocol Implementation ......................................................................................41 3.2.3 COP16 Outlook...............................................................................................................42 3.2.4 Bilateral Trading.............................................................................................................42 3.3 Experience of Kazakhstan in Emission Trading.................................................................44 Chapter 4 Information on Environment and Energy in Kazakhstan ......................................45 4.1 General information ............................................................................................................45 4.1.1 Geography and Natural Environment ..............................................................................45 4.1.2 Political System ..............................................................................................................47 4.1.3 Economic Activities........................................................................................................49 4.1.4 Policy on Industry...........................................................................................................53 4.2 Environment ........................................................................................................................54 4.2.1 Principles on Global Environment...................................................................................54 4.2.2 Policies on Global Environmental Protection ..................................................................56 4.2.3 Implementation Structure of Climate Change Policy in Kazakhstan ................................58 4.2.4 GHG Emission Trading: Regulations and Experience......................................................62 4.2.5 Kazakhstan’s Experience with JI Project Implementation................................................66 4.3 Policy on Energy..................................................................................................................68 4.3.1 National Policy ...............................................................................................................68 4.3.2 Main Measures for Energy Efficiency .............................................................................74 4.3.3 Implementation Structure of the Energy Industry ............................................................75 4.3.4 Implementation Structure of Power Industry ...................................................................80 4.4 Structure of Energy Supply and Demand...........................................................................82 4.4.1 Energy Reserves and Production .....................................................................................82 4.4.2 Primary Energy Supply ...................................................................................................83 4.4.3 Energy Conversion Sector...............................................................................................83 4.4.4 Sectoral Final Energy Consumption ................................................................................84 4.5 Overview of the Power Sector .............................................................................................85 4.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................85 4.5.2 Power Facilities (Power Plants and CHPs) ......................................................................87 4.5.3 Transmission and Distribution Facilities .........................................................................88 4.5.4 Electricity Sales and Tariffs ............................................................................................90 4.5.5 Electricity Demand Forecast and the Development Plan of the Power Plants ..................92 4.6 Other Sectors .......................................................................................................................95 4.6.1 Industrial Sector..............................................................................................................95 4.6.2 Transportation Sector......................................................................................................98 Chapter 5 Macro Data Analysis on Energy Efficiency...........................................................100 5.1 Energy Efficiency of Kazakhstan......................................................................................100 5.1.1 Energy Efficiency in Final Energy Consumption...........................................................100 5.1.2 Efficiency of Electric Power .........................................................................................101 5.1.3 Energy Efficiency in Each Sector..................................................................................102 5.2 Comparison to Other Countries........................................................................................107 5.2.1 Comparison of Primary Energy Intensity ......................................................................107 5.2.2 Comparison of Electric Power Consumption Intensity ..................................................109 5.2.3 GDP per Capita and Energy Consumption per Capita.................................................... 110 5.2.4 Transmission and Distribution Loss .............................................................................. 111 5.3 Issues Identified by Energy Data ...................................................................................... 112 5.3.1 Issues in the Demand Side Sectors ................................................................................ 112 5.3.2 Issues in the Supply Side Sector.................................................................................... 114 Chapter 6 Assistance by the Donors ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RENEWABLE ENERGY in KAZAKHSTAN Background Towards a Green Economy
    GREEN ECONOMY TRANSITION CASE STUDY RENEWABLE ENERGY IN KAZAKHSTAN Background Towards a green economy Kazakhstan is a vast but sparsely populated In 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the “National Concept for Transition to a Green Economy up to 2050” outlining country rich in natural resources, located in the principles of the Green Economy as a future the centre of the Eurasian landmass. In recent development path. The objective is to bring the share of new renewable energy in electricity generation from years, it has embarked on building a green zero to 3 per cent by 2020, and then to raise it further economy, taking the lead among its Central to 30 per cent by 2030 and 50 per cent by 2050. Kazakhstan’s plans are ambitious considering Asian neighbours. The country has set itself a the unique circumstances of the country. It is the clear target: by 2030, emissions are supposed 14th-largest emitter of greenhouse gases and until recently its renewable energy use was limited to a to be reduced by between 15 and 25 per cent, few hydropower plants constructed during the Soviet compared with the 1990 level. era. The country experiences climatic extremes, with summer temperatures in the capital, Astana, reaching over 40 degrees Celsius, and winter temperatures reaching below -40 degrees Celsius. Coping with this requires substantial energy use for heating and cooling. 2 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN KAZAKHSTAN Kazakhstan’s strained electricity sector More than 70 per cent of Kazakhstan’s electricity is produced in ageing 70% coal-fired plants, served by the large volumes of cheap local coal in the north-east of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Barriers to Renewable Energy Development in Kazakhstan”
    저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는 아래의 조건을 따르는 경우에 한하여 자유롭게 l 이 저작물을 복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연 및 방송할 수 있습니다. 다음과 같은 조건을 따라야 합니다: 저작자표시. 귀하는 원저작자를 표시하여야 합니다. 비영리. 귀하는 이 저작물을 영리 목적으로 이용할 수 없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는 이 저작물을 개작, 변형 또는 가공할 수 없습니다. l 귀하는, 이 저작물의 재이용이나 배포의 경우, 이 저작물에 적용된 이용허락조건 을 명확하게 나타내어야 합니다. l 저작권자로부터 별도의 허가를 받으면 이러한 조건들은 적용되지 않습니다. 저작권법에 따른 이용자의 권리는 위의 내용에 의하여 영향을 받지 않습니다. 이것은 이용허락규약(Legal Code)을 이해하기 쉽게 요약한 것입니다. Disclaimer Ph.D. Dissertation in Engineering Promoting a Clean Power Industry in the Kazakhstan framework of Green Economy February 2020 Graduate School of Seoul National University Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program Akbota Amantay i Promoting a Clean Power Industry in the Kazakhstan framework of Green Economy 2020 년 2 월 서울대학교 대학원 협동과정 기술경영경제정책전공 Akbota Amantay 아크보타 아만타이의 박사학위논문을 인준함 2020 년 2 월 위 원 장 허은녕 (인) 부위원장 김연배 (인) 위 원 부경진 (인) 위 원 한훈 (인) 위 원 유진근 (인) ii Abstract This study aims to analyze the electricity sector within the conceptual framework of the "Green Economy" in Kazakhstan. The electricity sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan plays a significant role in contributing to environmental pollution, especially through the availability of coal, oil, and gas. In accordance with the Concept of a “Green Economy”- Kazakhstan plans to modernize its electricity sector over the next 30 years in order to reduce CO2 emissions, gasify some regions, and increase the share of renewable energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Regulation of Renewable Energy Sources Usage Abstract Introduction
    Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues Volume 20, Issue 2, 2017 LEGAL REGULATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES USAGE Galym B Teleuyev, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov Aigerim T. Ozenbayeva, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov Daniya Nurmukhankyzy, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov Erbol Zh Beisov, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov Asel Sadykbekova, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov Asel Zholdosheva, Zhetysu State University named after I.Zhansugurov ABSTRACT The main goal of the work is to study the problems of legal regulation in the use and development of renewable energy sources. The authors established that in the world, regulatory legal acts are being developed in the field of the use of renewable energy sources. It was established that the main reasons for the development of renewable energy are ensuring energy and environmental security, preserving the environment, preserving the reserves of own energy resources for future generations and increasing the consumption of raw materials for non- energy use of fuel. The authors try to determine the place and role of renewable energy sources in the system of law. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Fixed Tariff, Biomass, Legal Regulation, Alternative Energy Sources. INTRODUCTION Kazakhstan is one of the world leaders in diversity and number of mineral resources. As oil, gas, coal and other mineral deposits are most important components for the state economy and the regulation in these spheres is rather elaborated, the government historically paid less attention to the development of the alternative energy sources. For example, nowadays the majority of the electrical power plants in Kazakhstan are fired by natural gas, coal and oil- products.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan: Derisking Renewable Energy Investment
    United Nations Development Programme Kazakhstan: Derisking Renewable Energy Investment 1 Key Points for Decision-Makers The objective of this report is to analyse the most cost-effective public derisking measures to promote private sector investment in utility-scale renewable energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan (“Kazakhstan”). Target sectors are wind energy and solar photovoltaic (PV). The report sets out the results from a quantitative, investment-risk informed modelling analysis. Modelling data has been obtained from structured interviews with private sector investors and developers. This report was prepared in collaboration with Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy. Context and Opportunity for Renewable Energy Kazakhstan’s power sector currently relies heavily on fossil fuels, reflecting the country’s endowment with an abundance of oil, natural gas, and coal reserves. Total available capacity for electricity generation “Kazakhstan is is 18.8 GW, with nearly 75% of the plants being powered by locally-sourced coal. Rapid economic growth well positioned for in the past decade has led to increases in electricity demand, but the country faces constraints in an renewable energy aging generation and transmission infrastructure dating to the Soviet-era. Kazakhstan has some of the lowest retail tariffs in the world, a function of consumption subsidies for fossil fuels (estimated at USD investment, 5.3 billion in 2014), low-cost generation from fully-depreciated power plants, and non cost-reflective tariff with abundant pricing. Kazakhstan is also characterized by regional imbalances in generation, notably in the south, wind resources resulting in supply disruptions and electricity imports from neighbouring countries. and a compelling The potential for renewable energy in Kazakhstan is strong.
    [Show full text]
  • Doomed to Coal
    Center for the New Environmentally Friendly Technologies CINEST Kalmykov D.E. Malikova A.D. DOOMED TO COAL OVERVIEW COAL MINING AND COAL ENERGY GENERATION IN KAZAKHSTAN STATUS AND PROSPECTS Karaganda, 2017 1 Content Content ................................................................................................................................................. 2 List of abbreviations............................................................................................................................. 4 List of tables ......................................................................................................................................... 4 List of diagrams ................................................................................................................................... 4 List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... 5 List of units of measure ........................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Review of the current state of the coal industry ............................................................................... 8 1.1. Extraction, production of coal ................................................................................................... 8 1.2.Domestic
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Assistance Consultant's Report
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 52312-001 November 2019 Kazakhstan: Scoping the Green Investments Finance Program Prepared by Janna Forthman Frankfurt School of Finance and Management Frankfurt, Germany For DAMU Entrepreneurship Development Fund This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB) TA-9667 KAZ: SCOPING THE GREEN INVESTMENTS FINANCE PROGRAM - INTERNATIONAL FIRM (52312-001) SCOPING STUDY - FINAL 22 NOVEMBER 2019 Prepared by Janna Fortmann Reviewed by Mert Dedebas Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Adickesallee 32-34 60322 Frankfurt am Main Tel. +49-69-154008-634 http://www.frankfurt-school.de [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Overview of Summary Results............................................................... 1 1.1.1. There is an opportunity for a green technology credit line: .................................. 1 1.1.2. The M/SME Sector in Kazakhstan: ...................................................................... 2 1.1.3. The Banking Sector in Kazakhstan ..................................................................... 3 1.1.4. The Leasing Sector in Kazakhstan .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia the Caucasus
    CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition VolumeISSN 1404-609121 Issue 2 ( Print2020) ISSN 2002-3839 (Online) CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition Journal of Social and Political Studies Volume 21 Issue 2 2020 CA&C Press AB SWEDEN 1 Volume 21 Issue 2 2020 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS English Edition FOUNDED AND PUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND CAUCASIAN STUDIES Registration number: 620720-0459 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden CA&C PRESS AB Publishing House Registration number: 556699-5964 Companies registration Office of Sweden Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r s Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 70 232 16 55; E-mail: [email protected] Kalamkas represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Nur-Sultan) YESSIMOVA Tel./fax: (7 - 701) 7408600; E-mail: [email protected] Ainura represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) ELEBAEVA Tel./fax: (996 - 312) 61 30 36; E-mail: [email protected] Saodat OLIMOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 372) 21 89 95; E-mail: [email protected] Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987 - 1) 225 43 22; E-mail: [email protected] Kenan represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) ALLAHVERDIEV Tel.: (+994 - 50) 325 10 50; E-mail: [email protected] David represents the journal in Armenia (Erevan) PETROSYAN Tel.: (374 - 10) 56 88 10; E-mail: [email protected] Vakhtang represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi)
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Report Kazakhstan Energy Week Xii Kazenergy Eurasian Forum Fueling the Future: Innovation Growth
    SUMMARY REPORT KAZAKHSTAN ENERGY WEEK XII KAZENERGY EURASIAN FORUM FUELING THE FUTURE: INNOVATION GROWTH SEPTEMBER 2327, 2019, NURSULTAN, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN 2 23 29 September2019 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan CONTENT INTRODUCTION PLENARY SESSION FUELING THE FUTURE: INNOVATION GROWTH THE FUTURE OF OIL: REALITY AND FORECASTS NATIONAL ENERGY REPORT 2019 GAS AS A KEY TREND IN GLOBAL ENERGY ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NEW ENERGY SECURITY CONFIGURATION: ENERGY ACCESS AND BALANCE OF INTERESTS ENERGY INVESTMENT RISK ASSESSMENT EIRA INVESTMENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: OPPORTUNITIES AND PARTNERSHIPS SMART ELECTRIC POWER ROLE OF RENEWABLES IN THE ENERGY SYSTEMS OF TOMORROW DIGITAL ENERGY OF THE FUTURE. TRANSITION PERIOD ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY. LEGISLATIVE BREAKTHROUGH GEOLOGY OF THE FUTURE: FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY TO INNOVATIONS CLEAN COAL: INNOVATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS EXPLOSION SAFETY IN THE OIL AND GAS, OIL REFINING, PETROCHEMICAL AND MINING SECTORS IN KAZAKHSTAN AND EAEU SPECIAL CONFERENCE DEDICATED TO THE 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF KAZAKHSTAN OIL KAZAKHSTAN PARTNERS DAY. KAZAKHSTANJAPAN SPE SYMPOSIUM: CASPIAN HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY X NATIONAL EITI CONFERENCE TRANSITION TO A NEW LEVEL OF EITI IMPLEMENTATION IN INTEGRATED OPEN DATA SYSTEMS IV KAZENERGY WOMEN’S ENERGY CLUB FORUM THE MODERN FEMALE LEADERSHIP PATTERN IN ENERGY XI KAZENERGY YOUTH FORUM THE YOUTH VS MODERN CHALLENGES EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER’S FORUM. LOCALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES AND LOCAL CONTENT DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP FOR MEDIA REPRESENTATIVES SECTORAL JOURNALISM: OIL AND GAS RELATED TOPICS 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE DOWNSTREAM CASPIAN AND CENTRAL ASIA III INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY SUMMIT KEW OUTCOMES 3 INTRODUCTION On September 23-27, 2019, a new national project • environmental and digital solutions for sustainable in the energy industry – the KAZAKHSTAN ENERGY energy; WEEK (KEW) – was organized for the fi rst time in • the use of «clean» coal innovation; the Nur-Sultan Congress Center (Kazakhstan).
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT Ms. Olga Ketova Contract No 2500145107
    REPORT Ms. Olga Ketova Contract No 2500145107 1 CONTENTS Charter 1 Executive Summary 3 Charter 2 Introduction (status of national energy sector) 7 Charter 3 Analysis of best practices in sustainable energy in Kazakhstan 25 Charter 4 Analysis of gaps in implementing sustainable energy practices and existing challenges for their implementation in Kazakhstan 35 Charter 5 Outline of possible solutions for applying best practices from other countries 54 Charter 6 Conclusions and recommendations 59 References 62 2 Charter 1 Executive Summary Kazakhstan’s energy sector encompasses five major segments—oil, gas, coal, power generation, and nuclear (uranium extraction). According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, as of June 2015 Kazakhstan’s total proved primary energy reserves, including oil, gas, and coal, amounted to 21 billion tons of oil equivalent (toe). Kazakhstan’s proven reserves of uranium, which are also substantial, are estimated at the energy equivalent of over 10 billion toe, bringing total primary energy resources available to be produced to 32 billion toe. This represents about 3.6% of the world’s total. Production of primary energy in Kazakhstan, which includes oil, gas, coal, and primary electricity generation (but not mined uranium), increased by an average of 5.5% annually, from 73 million metric tons of oil equivalent (MMtoe) at the beginning of 2000 to 161 MMtoe in 2014. The country is a net exporter of primary energy—it consumes only about 43% of total output . Total apparent consumption grew from 41 MMtoe at the beginning of 2000 to 76.3 MMtoe in 2014, growing at an average annual rate of 4.3%.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Was Edited by Margie Peters-Fawcett and Amy Gautam
    Stuck Stuck in Transition Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Energy and Mining Aldayarov, Dobozi, and Nikolakakis Dobozi, Aldayarov, Stuck in Transition Public Disclosure Authorized Reform Experiences and Challenges Ahead in the Kazakhstan Power Sector Mirlan Aldayarov, Istvan Dobozi, and Thomas Nikolakakis Public Disclosure Authorized Stuck in Transition DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Energy and Mining Stuck in Transition Reform Experiences and Challenges Ahead in the Kazakhstan Power Sector Mirlan Aldayarov, Istvan Dobozi, and Thomas Nikolakakis © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 20 19 18 17 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Clean, Renewable and / Or Alternative Energy Technologies for Rural Areas in Kazakhstan»
    «Use of clean, renewable and / or alternative energy technologies for rural areas in Kazakhstan» Contents Part 1. Introduction. Improvement of power supply efficiency to consumers 2 in rural and remote areas by providing access to energy services and introduction of advanced technologies in the field of renewable sources of energy Part 2. Power industry in Kazakhstan 6 Part 3.Problem solution of consumer access to energy services and use of 10 renewable sources of energy 3.1. Legal documents of Kazakhstan in the field of consumer access to 10 energy services and use of renewable sources of energy 3.1.1. Legislation in the field of consumer access to energy services 10 3.1.2. Legislation in the field of use of renewable energy 13 3.2. Activities of the Republic Government to provide sustainable energy 17 services and support the use of renewable energy in rural areas 3.2.1. Providing sustainable energy services for consumers in rural areas 17 3.2.2. State support for renewable energy 26 Part 4. Placement of renewable sources of energy in rural and remote areas of 33 the country Part 5. Recommendations to improve the efficiency of power supply in rural 37 and remote areas and introduction of advanced technologies in the field of renewable energy References 40 1 Part 1 Introduction Improvement of power supply efficiency to consumers in rural and remote areas by providing access to energy services and introduction of advanced technologies in the field of renewable sources of energy Lack of access to clean, reasonable and reliable sources of energy restrains social and economic development and is a major obstacle to achieving the goals of the Millennium Declaration adopted by United Nations General Assembly on September 8, 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Project Environmental Review Report - Wind
    Prepared For: Consultancy Contract C26157REV/JPNS- 2013-02-01 Kazakhstan Renewable Energy Financing Facility (KazREFF) - Strategic Environmental Review Renewable Project Environmental Review Report - Wind June 2014 ERM Japan Ltd. The Landmark Tower Yokohama 19th Floor, 2-2-1 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku YOKOHAMA 220-8119 Japan www.erm.com The world's leading sustainability consultancy Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND POTENTIAL 2 2.1 RESOURCE AVAILABILITY 2 2.2 RESOURCE POTENTIAL 6 2.3 TRANSMISSION CAPACITY AND CONSTRAINTS 6 2.3.1 Existing Conditions 7 2.3.2 Anticipated Development 10 2.4 EXISTING PROJECTS 11 2.5 KNOWN PROPOSED PROJECTS 11 3.0 AVAILABLE AND PRACTICAL TECHNOLOGIES 14 3.1 COMPONENTS 14 3.1.1 Met Mast/Towers 15 3.1.2 Wind Turbines and Foundations 16 3.1.3 Support Buildings 17 3.1.4 Access Roads 18 3.2 GRID CONNECTIVITY 18 3.3 SITE DESIGN AND CONFIGURATION 20 3.3.1 Wind Farm Layouts 22 3.3.2 Construction 23 3.3.3 Commissioning, Operation, and Maintenance 24 3.3.4 Decommissioning 24 3.4 DEVELOPMENT COSTS 25 3.5 SUPPLY CHAIN IN KAZAKHSTAN 25 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS 27 The world's leading sustainability consultancy 5.0 KAZREFF PROJECT APPRAISAL - ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 31 5.1 EBRD REQUIREMENTS 31 5.1.1 Category A 32 5.1.2 Category B 33 5.2 KAZAKHSTAN REQUIREMENTS 33 5.3 KAZREFF APPRAISAL PROCESS 35 5.3.1 Initial Screening 36 5.3.2 Documentation Review and Approval/Feedback 36 6.0 APPENDICES 38 The world's leading sustainability consultancy 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Renewable Project Environmental Review (RPER) Report for Wind in Kazakhstan is one of four separate reports (other RPER reports were prepared for solar photovoltaic, small hydropower, and biogas) that have been prepared by Environmental Recourses Management (ERM) for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
    [Show full text]