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The Diet of Sovereignty: Bioarchaeology in Tlaxcallan

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The Diet of Sovereignty: Bioarchaeology in Tlaxcallan THE DIET OF SOVEREIGNTY: BIOARCHAEOLOGY IN TLAXCALLAN By Keitlyn Alcantara-Russell Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Anthropology August 7th, 2020 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Tiffiny Tung, Ph.D. William Fowler, Ph.D. Carwil Bjork-James, Ph.D. Edward Wright-Rios, Ph.D. Copyright © 2020 by Keitlyn Alcantara-Russell All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION To the past version of me who never dreamed I could do this. To the Frankensteined pieces and parts sewn together from my parents’ (and big sister’s) own journeys and struggles, the moments where we didn’t think we could, and then we did anyway. To the recycled genes of grandparents and ancestors, whose loves and hurts shaped my drive to understand. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preliminary field reconnaissance was funded by a Tinker Foundation Field Research Grant from the Center for Latin American Studies at Vanderbilt University. Fieldwork was funded by a Summer Research Award from the College of Arts and Sciences at Vanderbilt University, a Fulbright-García Robles Research Grant, and a Wenner Gren Foundation Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (#9448: The Diet of Sovereignty: Bioarchaeology in Tlaxcallan). Subsequent field and lab work was supported by Summer Research Awards from the College of Arts and Sciences and the Anthropology Department at Vanderbilt University, and a Russell G. Hamilton Graduate Leadership Institute Dissertation Enhancement Grant to support Ethnographic fieldwork. The public-facing aspects of my research were supported by a Public Scholar Fellowship from the Curb Center for Art, Enterprise and Public Policy at Vanderbilt, and an Imagining America Publicly Active Graduate Education (PAGE) fellowship and co- directorship. This community-based work will continue through an Engaged Anthropology Award from the Wenner Gren Foundation, to be used in Tlaxcala in the summer of 2021. In addition to the generous funds provided by these organizations, I would like to recognize the humans who worked to help get funds disbursed, answer panicked emails, brainstorm together, and who ultimately became incredible friends and colleagues: Alma Paz Sanmiguel, Colleen McCoy, Nicolette Kostiw, and Avery Dickinson De Girón (Vanderbilt Center for Latin American Studies); Jackal Tanelorn (Fulbright-García Robles); Shelley Darling, Frank Midgley, Sarah Nagy, and Crystal Jackson (Vanderbilt Anthropology); Kimberly Kane, Elizabeth Meadows, Jay Clayton and Mindy Kessler (Curb Center). Special thanks to Imagining America and the PAGE co-director team – Dillon S., D. Romo, Gale iv Greenlee, and Frances Lee, for sparking my curiosity, and being a touchstone for the reason I continue to do this work. To my committee members: Tiffiny Tung, who fought for me to move forward, shining a light on the possible paths I could take, and then letting go as I decided which was the best one for me. William Fowler, who lent me many a book from his vast Mesoamerican collection. Edward Wright Rios, whose course on the Mexican Revolution taught me to look beyond books to the art, music, and lived experiences of history. Carwil Bjork-James, for making time for meticulous handwritten comments and walk and talk discussions. To the teams and individuals who made my fieldwork possible: The Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Tlaxcala, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, the Dirección de Antropología Física (especially Dra. Josefina Mansilla Lory and David Corona, manager of the osteoteca), the Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (especially Dra. Maricarmen Serra Puche, who mentored me with unbridled support during my Fulbright fellowship, and Dra. Emily Mc Clung de Tapia and Dr. Julia Pérez Pérez for their support from the Laboratorio de Paleoetnobotánica y Paleoambiente. The Proyecto Arqueológico Tepeticpac, led by Dr. Aurelio López Corral and Arqlgo. Ramón Santacruz Cano, and the Tepeticpac Archaeological Project, led by Lane Fargher, Richard Blanton, Verenice Heredia Espinoza, and John Millhauser. To the community of the Mercado Alternativo de Tlaxcala, especially Zeferino Manoatl Tetlamatzli. v To the Vanderbilt Bioarchaeology and Stable Isotope Research Laboratory team: BSIRL Queen, laboratory manager Natasha Vang. So, so much Natasha Vang. Thank you for being patient with me as I learned, for your epic succulent window garden, and your meticulous attention to laboratory details. To the ones who helped me grind and drill and pipette what felt like a million samples: Sophie Stark, Stefan Marasligiller, Graylynn Oatess – see, it only took 3 years and TADAH, here are the results! To those who kept my soul alive: The students from Spring 2020 ANTH 5380: Food and the Body, who helped me think through food topics in new ways and humored our classroom cooking and gardening experiments. My plant and food soulmates, with whom I have spent hours nerding out about interesting plants and bugs: Lacey Carpenter, Sofia Pacheco-Fores, Anna Guengerich, Miguel Cuj, Zeferino Manoatl Tetlamatzi, Felipe Nava Ahuatzi, Irad Santacruz Arcienaga. To the fierce, big-hearted, and quick-witted, talented network of peers-slash-friends: James Zimmer-Dauphinee for the tireless hours spent helping me understand R (and Cate Zimmer-Dauphinee for emotional support through the frustration!). Gabriela Oré for always making the PowerPoints sharp as hell, and marketing me like the magical agent she is. The cohort: Gabriela Oré, Rosemary Lieske, Gloria Pérez. I would not have made it through my first years without the cocoon we created, and I am so grateful. The older (cohort) siblings: Carla Hernández Garavito, Scotti Norman, Sarah Levithol Eckhardt, Brian McCray, Matt Velasco. Terren Proctor, confidence gnome extraordinaire, excel genius, and future Dr. Terren, baker to the stars. Emma Banks, one of the first people to teach me how to eat well in grad vi school, how to remember to sink your hands into the dirt and remember who you are. Stephany Cuevas, PhD in chingonidad, who helped me find my Mexican-American roots and hold them tight through the final gauntlet. Elizabeth Brondos Fry, statistics angel. Tom Hardy, OxCal whisperer. To the old school friends who have committed to a lifetime of support, watching me turn from Katie to Kate to Keitlyn to Dr. Keitlyn: The Altons/Louderbacks, The Villagrans, The Araizas, Katie Bevens and Laura Zanzig, and my extended family. To my family: My mom (Janet Alcántara) for endowing me with a love of nature. For collecting such beautifully packaged and meticulously labeled plant samples, and for bragging about me even when I beg you to stop. (She’s real proud.) My sister (Wendy Alcántara) for helping me process the pain of grad school, making me laugh at what a jerk anxiety can be, and for your skills in last minute translation questions. My papa (José Alcántara) for a steady and constant calm to turn to. For easing my path by sharing experiences from your own journey through academia. And, (coincidentally?) for the dark sense of humor. In short, while at times isolating, I was never writing this dissertation alone. To anyone who gardened with me, painted with me, listened to me vent, went on walks, danced away tension (FLAIL!), fed me, laughed with me, mused with me, problem solved with me… you are the reason I was able to make it through. Thank you. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 Antecedents .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introducing the Bioecological Model............................................................................................................................. 5 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Organization of Dissertation: ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Significance and Contribution........................................................................................................................................ 9 2 THE POLITICAL LIFE OF FOOD ........................................................................................... 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Advantages of a Bioecological Model ......................................................................................................................... 14 Structure, agency, and then some ............................................................................................................................ 14
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