DOCSLIB.ORG

Urban Development in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION Edited by Florian Steinberg and Januar Hakim ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9254-983-1 (Print), 978-92-9254-984-8 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. BKK146799 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Urban development in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development. 2. Regional development. 3. Greater Mekong Subregion. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of said license as well as the Terms of Use of the ADB Open Access Repository at openaccess.adb.org/termsofuse This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Attribution—In acknowledging ADB as the source, please be sure to include all of the following information: Author. Year of publication. Title of the material. © Asian Development Bank [and/or Publisher]. https://openaccess.adb.org. Available under a CC BY 3.0 IGO license. Translations—Any translations you create should carry the following disclaimer: Originally published by the Asian Development Bank in English under the title [title] © [Year of publication] Asian Development Bank. All rights reserved. The quality of this translation and its coherence with the original text is the sole responsibility of the [translator]. The English original of this work is the only official version. Adaptations—Any adaptations you create should carry the following disclaimer: This is an adaptation of an original Work © Asian Development Bank [Year]. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of ADB or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not endorse this work or guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Please contact [email protected] or [email protected] if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea, and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. Printed on recycled paper Contents Tables and Figures vii Foreword xi Urban Development and Urbanization in the Greater Mekong Subregion Preface xiv Knowledge Sharing on Urban Development in the Greater Mekong Subregion Acknowledgments xvi Contributors xvii Abbreviations xix Chapter 1: Evolution of Towns and Cities in the Greater Mekong Subregion 1 Januar Hakim Spatial and Socioeconomic Development 1 Urban Development Experiences 12 Cambodia 12 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 15 Myanmar 16 Thailand 18 Viet Nam 19 Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China 21 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China 24 Drivers of Change 25 Government Policies and Strategies 26 Regional Cooperation 27 Transport and Trade Facilitation 29 Foreign Investment 31 Rural–Urban Migration 32 Patterns and Emergent Trends in Urbanization 34 Dominance of Primary Cities 35 Development of Small and Medium-Sized Towns and Cities 37 Rural–Urban Linkages 38 Emerging Urban Growth Centers 39 ivContents Issues in Urban Development 46 Urban Planning and Land Management 47 Financing for Urban Infrastructure 48 Climate Change and Environmental Management 49 Urban Institutions and Management Growth 51 Private Sector Involvement 51 Conclusion 52 Chapter 2: The Role of Cities and Connectivity in Promoting Regional Integration and Competitiveness 55 Douglas Webster and Andrew Gulbrandson Introduction 55 Spatial and Economic Trends in the Greater Mekong Subregion 58 Urban Systems and Spatial Patterns 58 Trends in Economic Development and Value Chains 72 Trends in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade and Traffic Flows 82 National Urban Systems and Development Strategies 89 The Role and Potential of Urban Modules in the Socioeconomic Development of the Greater Mekong Subregion 109 Context 109 Cross-Border Arbitrage Activities 110 Along Corridor Activities 112 Ports 114 Industrial Clusters and Manufacturing 117 Tourism 118 Implications for Greater Mekong Subregion Development 119 Context 119 Key Corridors and Urban Centers 120 Investment Recommendations and Implications 128 Accelerating the Greater Mekong Subregion Development Process: Innovative Measures 128 Comprehensive Urban Database and Spatial Framework for the Region 128 Transport and Seamless Borders 130 Multimodal Corridors 131 Intermediate-Sized Cities 132 Green Cities 135 Urban Economic Functions, Structure, and Dynamics 136 Greater Mekong Subregion Urban Forum 136 Private Sector Involvement in Greater Mekong Subregion Cities 137 Contentsv Agriculture and Logistics Consideration in Corridor Development 137 Priority Corridors 138 Tourism and Amenity as a Major Driver of Greater Mekong Subregion Development 138 ADB Greater Mekong Subregion Urban Facilitation 139 Chapter 3: Greater Mekong Subregion Corridor Towns Development Projects: The First Generation 141 Florian Steinberg and Aldrin Plaza Rationale for the Focus on Greater Mekong Subregion Corridor Towns 141 Strategic Economic Development 142 Economic Characterization of the Towns at the Southern Economic Corridor 145 Economic Characterization of Project Towns at the East–West Economic Corridor 150 Implementing the First Greater Mekong Subregion Corridor Towns Development Projects 168 Economic and Financial Viability Analysis of the Project Investments 168 Environmental and Social Impacts 169 Operation and Maintenance of the Urban Infrastructure 170 Implementation Issues and Risks 171 Expected Long-Term Impacts and Outcomes 171 Appendix: List of Subprojects 175 Chapter 4: Bangkok to Ho Chi Minh City: Competitiveness along the Southern Economic Corridor 183 Alain Maulion and Florian Steinberg Introduction 183 Urban and Economic Profile of Cities or Towns 184 Bangkok, Thailand 184 Poipet, Cambodia 185 Battambang, Cambodia 185 Phnom Penh, Cambodia 186 Bavet, Cambodia 187 Moc Bai, Viet Nam 188 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam 189 Highlights of the City Competitiveness Study 190 Bangkok 192 Poipet 194 viContents Battambang 196 Phnom Penh 197 Bavet 199 Moc Bai 201 Ho Chi Minh City 203 Institutional Capabilities for Entrepreneurial Services 205 Cambodia 205 Thailand 206 Viet Nam 207 Inter-Institutional Relationships for Business Support 208 Cambodia 208 Thailand 209 Viet Nam 210 Evolution of Capabilities and Policies 211 Cambodia 211 Thailand 211 Viet Nam 212 Assessment of Regulatory Instruments 213 Cambodia 213 Thailand 215 Viet Nam 216 Conclusion 219 Appendix: Competitiveness Drivers in Southern Economic Corridor Towns and Cities 221 Chapter 5: Promoting and Scaling Up Cooperative Urban Development: A Perspective from the People’s Republic of China via Yunnan Province 227 Xiangming Chen Introduction 227 Reassessing Regional Urban Development 228 Two International Cases and Their Implications for the Greater Mekong Subregion 231 Urban Development in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Constraints and Opportunities 236 Development and Cooperation across the Greater Mekong Subregion Cities 244 Index 251 Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Percentage of Urban Population in Selected Countries, 1950–2050 6 1.2 Socioeconomic Indicators in the Greater Mekong Subregion 7 1.3 Primacy of Cities in the Greater Mekong Subregion 11 1.4 Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Statistics: Manufacturing Exports, 2005–2013 ($ million) 30 1.5 Foreign Direct Investment to the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2005–2013 ($ million) 32 1.6 International Tourist Arrivals to the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2005–2013 (in person) 42 1.7 Annual Receipts from Tourism in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2005–2013 43 2.1 Number of Cities and Urban Areas in the Greater Mekong Subregion by Class and Country 59 2.2 Urban Population of Cities and Urban Areas in the Greater Mekong Subregion by Class
Recommended publications
  • Logistics Development in the North–South Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion

    Logistics Development in the North–South Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion

    Logistics Development in the North–South Economic Corridor of the Greater Mekong Subregion Ruth Banomyong1 Abstract Traders in the Greater Mekong Subregion require efficient logistics services that can move their goods to the right place, at the right time, in the right condition, and at the right price. It is, therefore, of great importance that regional links among neighboring countries are strengthened to facilitate trade and to develop logistics for better access to the global market. This is particularly true for the North–South Economic Corridor (NSEC), one branch of which extends from Kunming in the People’s Republic of China to Bangkok, Thailand. This branch, which is the focus of this paper, has three separate subcorridors. A methodology to assess the NSEC macro-logistics system and subcorridors was developed and validated with empirical and secondary data for the three subcorridors in the Kunming– Bangkok branch of the NSEC. Infrastructure connectivity in the NSEC is almost complete, but border crossings are still the weakest link in the macro-logistics system. An integrated approach is needed in order to solve this key problem. This approach should combine solutions to physical infrastructure issues with adherence to rules and regulations. The remaining challenge is how to transform the NSEC subcorridors into fully fledged economic subcorridors that can attract investment and generate economic activities in remote areas of the subcorridors, such as border crossings. Introduction The development of logistics services and communication technologies has revolutionized production and distribution processes, creating a global market. Shippers and consignees require efficient logistics services that can move their goods to the right place, at the right time, in the right condition, and at the right price.
  • Pacific Subregion  Pacific Subregion SUBREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SETTING

    Pacific Subregion  Pacific Subregion SUBREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SETTING

    Development Effectiveness Brief Pacific Subregion PACIFIC SUBREGION SUBREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SETTING 1. The Pacific subregion considered in this 3. Economic Growth. Gross domestic development effectiveness brief comprises product (GDP) growth in the Pacific 12 developing member countries averaged only 1.5% annually over the (DMCs)—Cook Islands, Fiji Islands, last decade, causing the subregion to fall Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia further behind other developing regions (FSM), Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, of the world. This low level of economic Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, growth means that the subregion is and Vanuatu. Papua New Guinea and unable to provide the financial resources Timor-Leste are the subject of separate necessary to keep pace with the briefs. The Asian Development Bank aspirations of its growing population. (ADB) has provided both country level While external factors played a role in and regional level assistance in support of this, internal constraints also hampered development in the Pacific subregion. the generation and management of economic growth. In particular, key 2. Poverty and Human Development. Rapid areas of macroeconomic and financial population growth, limited new formal management need to be strengthened sector employment opportunities, urban across the subregion. drift, and changes in traditional support mechanisms have led to a growing 4. Challenges and Constraints. The very proportion of people in the Pacific nature of the small island states in recognized to be living in poverty. These the Pacific—isolated, with limited people lack access to social services, face resources, reduced land area, and small unemployment, and struggle for housing populations—is already a significant and other basic needs.
  • The Pulp Invasion: Vietnam

    The Pulp Invasion: Vietnam

    The Pulp Invasion: Vietnam http://www.wrm.org.uy/countries/Asia/Vietnam5.html The Pulp Invasion: The international pulp and paper industry in the Mekong Region VIETNAM Deforestation, reforestation and industrial plantations by Chris Lang previous page 4. VIETNAM'S PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY (II) - VIET TRI PAPER MILL Viet Tri is a 25,000 tons a year paper mill producing kraftliner and coated wrapping paper in Phu Tho province, in the north of Vietnam. The mill imports its raw material (Tran Doan An 2001). In September 2000, several Korean banks granted loans to help finance a US$26 million industrial paper expansion at Viet Tri. Daewoo, which provided the paper machine, helped Vinapimex to negotiate and guarantee the loans (pponline.com 29 September 2000). In December 2001, Vinapimex had almost completed the installation of a new 25,000 tons a year packaging paper machine at its Viet Tri mill (paperloop.com 17 December 2001). - TAN MAI PAPER COMPANY Tan Mai Paper Company in Dong Nai province, is a state-owned business belonging to Vinapimex. The mill's paper capacity has expanded from 10,000 tons a year in 1990, to 48,000 tons a year in 2000. Newsprint production accounts for 50 to 60 per cent of the company's capacity. Equipment suppliers to the mill include ABB, Thermo Black Clawson, Allimand, Valmet, Ahlstrom and Sund Defibrator (Tan Mai www 1). In 1995, Trang Hoai Nghia, vice manager of production at Tan Mai, said that there was a problem getting spare parts for machinery as much of it was installed as part of aid projects from overseas (US, Sweden, France).
  • Power Sector Vision for the Greater Mekong Subregion

    Power Sector Vision for the Greater Mekong Subregion

    ALTERNATIVES FOR POWER GENERATION IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION Volume 1: Power Sector Vision for the Greater Mekong Subregion Final 5 April 2016 FINAL Disclaimer This report has been prepared by Intelligent Energy Systems Pty Ltd (IES) and Mekong EConomiCs (MKE) in relation to provision oF serviCes to World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). This report is supplied in good Faith and reFleCts the knowledge, expertise and experienCe oF IES and MKE. In ConduCting the researCh and analysis For this report IES and MKE have endeavoured to use what it Considers is the best inFormation available at the date oF publiCation. IES and MKE make no representations or warranties as to the acCuracy oF the assumptions or estimates on whiCh the ForeCasts and CalCulations are based. IES and MKE make no representation or warranty that any CalCulation, projeCtion, assumption or estimate Contained in this report should or will be achieved. The relianCe that the ReCipient places upon the CalCulations and projeCtions in this report is a matter For the ReCipient’s own CommerCial judgement and IES acCepts no responsibility whatsoever For any loss oCCasioned by any person acting or reFraining From action as a result oF relianCe on this report. Intelligent Energy Systems IESREF: 5973 ii FINAL Executive Summary Introduction Intelligent Energy Systems Pty Ltd (“IES”) and Mekong EConomiCs (“MKE”) have been retained by World Wild Fund For Nature Greater Mekong Programme OFFiCe (“WWF-GMPO”) to undertake a projeCt Called “ProduCe a Comprehensive report outlining alternatives For power generation in the Greater Mekong Sub-region”. This is to develop sCenarios For the Countries oF the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) that are as Consistent as possible with the WWF’s Global Energy Vision to the Power SeCtors oF all Greater Mekong Subregion Countries.
  • Language Policy and Bilingual Education in Thailand: Reconciling the Past, Anticipating the Future1

    Language Policy and Bilingual Education in Thailand: Reconciling the Past, Anticipating the Future1

    LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network Journal, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2019 Language Policy and Bilingual Education in Thailand: Reconciling the Past, Anticipating the Future1 Thom Huebner San José State University, USA [email protected] Abstract Despite a century-old narrative as a monolingual country with quaint regional dialects, Thailand is in fact a country of vast linguistic diversity, where a population of approximately 60 million speak more than 70 languages representing five distinct language families (Luangthongkum, 2007; Premsrirat, 2011; Smalley, 1994), the result of a history of migration, cultural contact and annexation (Sridhar, 1996). However, more and more of the country’s linguistic resources are being recognized and employed to deal with both the centrifugal force of globalization and the centripetal force of economic and political unrest. Using Edwards’ (1992) sociopolitical typology of minority language situations and a comparative case study method, the current paper examines two minority language situations (Ferguson, 1991), one in the South and one in the Northeast, and describes how education reforms are attempting to address the economic and social challenges in each. Keywords: Language Policy, Bilingual Education, the Thai Context Background Since the early Twentieth Century, as a part of a larger effort at nation-building and creation of a sense of “Thai-ness.” (Howard, 2012; Laungaramsri, 2003; Simpson & Thammasathien, 2007), the Thai government has pursued a policy of monolingualism, establishing as the standard, official and national language a variety of Thai based on the dialect spoken in the central plains by ethnic Thais (Spolsky, 2004). In the official narrative presented to the outside world, Thais descended monoethnic and monocultural, from Southern China, bringing their language with them, which, in contact with indigenous languages, borrowed vocabulary.
  • Detailed Financial Analysis

    Detailed Financial Analysis

    Detailed Financial Analysis Socialist Republic of Vietnam 48189-002 - VIE: Support to Border Areas Development Project Provincial People’s Committee – Kon Tum Provincial People’s Committee – Gia Lai Provincial People’s Committee – Dak Lak Provincial People’s Committee – Dak Nong Provincial People’s Committee – Binh Phuoc Financial Analysis (Supplementary) Provincial Peoples’ Committee of Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Binh Phuoc Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 II. STATE BUDGET SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 1 III. PROJECT COSTS AND FINANCING ............................................................................... 2 IV. KON TUM.......................................................................................................................... 3 A. Past Financial Condition .................................................................................................. 3 B. Projected Financial Condition and Project Affordability .................................................... 4 V. GIA LAI ............................................................................................................................. 4 A. Past Financial Condition .................................................................................................. 4 B. Projected Financial Condition and Project Affordability ...................................................
  • The Collision of Illegal Logging, Forestry Policy, and Emerging Free Trade in the Russian Far East

    The Collision of Illegal Logging, Forestry Policy, and Emerging Free Trade in the Russian Far East

    Washington International Law Journal Volume 14 Number 2 4-1-2005 Stepping onto a Moving Train: The Collision of Illegal Logging, Forestry Policy, and Emerging Free Trade in the Russian Far East Robert M. Crowley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Natural Resources Law Commons Recommended Citation Robert M. Crowley, Comment, Stepping onto a Moving Train: The Collision of Illegal Logging, Forestry Policy, and Emerging Free Trade in the Russian Far East, 14 Pac. Rim L & Pol'y J. 425 (2005). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol14/iss2/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright © 2005 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal Association STEPPING ONTO A MOVING TRAIN: THE COLLISION OF ILLEGAL LOGGING, FORESTRY POLICY, AND EMERGING FREE TRADE IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Robert M. Crowley Abstract: Faced with economic decline following the Soviet Union's collapse, Russia is energetically seeking ways to develop its economy and stimulate trade. In order to accomplish these goals, Russia has taken a number of steps to improve its interactions with its trading partners and reform its internal economic structures. Among the most sweeping areas of change are Russia's steps toward bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements and the proposed changes to its Forest Code.
  • Mekong 2030’ Anthology to Focus on Plight of Mekong River ������������������������������������ �����������

    Mekong 2030’ Anthology to Focus on Plight of Mekong River

    ‘Mekong 2030’ Anthology to Focus On Plight Of Mekong River - dia) Soul River is a cautionary tale framed as a lighthearted road (or, rath- er, river) movie. Set in 2030 in a remote northeast region of Cambodia, it urges contemporary audiences to reconsider their attitudes toward environmental degradation and the impact of climate change on the Mekong basin. Courtesy of Luang Prabang Film Festival - Filmmakers (from left) Sai Naw Kham, Kulikar Sotho and Anysay Keola. A new Luang Prabang Film Festival sioning the condition of the river — was raised. There, he intervenes in a which carves its course through China, dispute between his siblings over the Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia ethics of exploiting their elderly moth- and Vietnam — as well as the commu- er’s blood. The blood has become a nities that depend on it. valuable commodity to a Western cor- Five Southeast Asian directors will poration that has been developing a present their visions — and fears — for The river has come under increasing cure for a deadly plague outbreak. the future of the Mekong river, one of threat from pollution and from a series Asia’s most vital waterways, through of massive dams, according to the Me- - the anthology , which is kong River Commission (MRC). set to tour the world’s festival circuit next year. “We need to address these issues now to claim their lost spirits’ attachment in order to minimize further environ- to the Mekong River, while channeling “I heard about global warming and mental harm and protect remaining community resilience toward its pro- climate change and stuff like that, but wetlands and riverine habitats before tection.
  • The Puzzling Absence of Ethnicity-Based Political Cleavages in Northeastern Thailand

    The Puzzling Absence of Ethnicity-Based Political Cleavages in Northeastern Thailand

    Proud to be Thai: The Puzzling Absence of Ethnicity- Based Political Cleavages in Northeastern Thailand Jacob I. Ricks Abstract Underneath the veneer of a homogenous state-approved Thai ethnicity, Thailand is home to a heterogeneous population. Only about one-third of Thailand’s inhabitants speak the national language as their mother tongue; multiple alternate ethnolinguistic groups comprise the remainder of the population, with the Lao in the northeast, often called Isan people, being the largest at 28 percent of the population. Ethnic divisions closely align with areas of political party strength: the Thai Rak Thai Party and its subsequent incarnations have enjoyed strong support from Isan people and Khammuang speakers in the north while the Democrat Party dominates among the Thai- and Paktay-speaking people of the central plains and the south. Despite this confluence of ethnicity and political party support, we see very little mobilization along ethnic cleavages. Why? I argue that ethnic mobilization remains minimal because of the large-scale public acceptance and embrace of the government-approved Thai identity. Even among the country’s most disadvantaged, such as Isan people, support is still strong for “Thai-ness.” Most inhabitants of Thailand espouse the mantra that to Copyright (c) Pacific Affairs. All rights reserved. be Thai is superior to being labelled as part of an alternate ethnic group. I demonstrate this through the application of large-scale survey data as well as a set of interviews with self-identified Isan people. The findings suggest that the Thai state has successfully inculcated a sense of national identity Delivered by Ingenta to IP: 192.168.39.151 on: Sat, 25 Sep 2021 22:54:19 among the Isan people and that ethnic mobilization is hindered by ardent nationalism.
  • A Comparative Study of Livestock's Name Between Ancient And

    A Comparative Study of Livestock's Name Between Ancient And

    US-China Foreign Language, ISSN 1539-8080 September 2014, Vol. 12, No. 9, 728-735 D DAVID PUBLISHING A Comparative Study of Livestock’s Name Between Ancient and Modern Yi Language of China∗ YANG Liu-jin Honghe University, Mengzi City, China The traditional pronunciations of domestic animal lexemes recorded in ancient Nisu(Yi) manuscripts differ significantly from the vernacular pronunciations of their modern counterparts. Thus, in the process of translating such texts, when a translator substitutes modern Nisu for ancient Nisu, not only can many of the characteristics of the original text be lost, but the original meaning may also be completely modified. Currently a number of specialists and scholars, both in China and elsewhere, are familiar with modern Nisu but have no such familiarity with the language’s ancient forms. The paper grants Nisu researchers a better grasp of the differences between the language’s ancient and modern forms in order to help others avoid mistakes in translating ancient Nisu manuscripts. This is accomplished through a brief comparative analysis of Nisu names for livestock and fowl—then and now. Keywords: Yi Language, livestock, name Introduction Nisu is a Tibet-Burman language of the Ngwi branch which has been officially classified as an ethnic linguistic sub-branch of the Yi nationality in China. The Nisu retain use of their language in both spoken and written forms. The current population of the official Yi nationality stands at 7,776,230 (PCPC, 2002) and is distributed through Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Guizhou Provinces. Traditionally, in China, the languages spoken by the Yi nationality have been divided into six major dialect regions: Northern, Eastern, Southern, Western, Central, and Southeastern (YYJS, 1987, pp.
  • County, Province 包装厂中文名chinese Name of Packing House

    County, Province 包装厂中文名chinese Name of Packing House

    序号 注册登记号 所在地 Location: 包装厂中文名 包装厂英文名 包装厂中文地址 包装厂英文地址 Numbe Registered Location County, Province Chinese Name of Packing house English Name of Packing house Address in Chinese Address in English r Number 1 北京平谷 PINGGU,BEIJING 北京凤凰山投资管理中心 BEIJING FENGHUANGSHAN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CENTER 平谷区峪口镇 YUKOU,PINGU DISTRICT,BEIJING 1100GC001 2 北京平谷 PINGGU,BEIJING 北京东四道岭果品产销专业合作社 BEIJING DONGSIDAOLING FRUIT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING PROFESSIONNAL COOPERATIVES平谷区镇罗营镇 ZHENLUOYING,PINGGU DISTRICT,BEIJING 1100GC002 TIANJIN JIZHOU DEVELOPMENT ZONE, WEST IN ZHONGCHANG SOUTH ROAD, NORTH 3 天津蓟州区 JIZHOU,TIANJIN 天津蓟州绿色食品集团有限公司 TIANJIN JIZHOU GREEN FOOD GROUP CO., LTD. 天津市蓟州区开发区中昌南路西、京哈公路北IN JING-HA ROAD 1200GC001 4 河北辛集 XINJI，HEBEI 辛集市裕隆保鲜食品有限责任公司果品包装厂XINJI YULONG FRESHFOOD CO.,LTD. PACKING HOUSE 河北省辛集市南区朝阳路19号 N0.19 CHAOYANG ROAD, SOUTH DISTRICT OF XINJI CITY, HEBEI PROVINCE 1300GC001 5 河北辛集 XINJI，HEBEI 河北天华实业有限公司 HEBEI TIANHUA ENTERPRISE CO.,LTD. 河北省辛集市新垒头村 XINLEITOU VILLAGE，XINJI CITY，HEBEI 1300GC002 6 河北晋州 JINZHOU，HEBEI 河北鲜鲜农产有限公司 HEBEI CICI CO., LTD. 河北省晋州市工业路33号 NO.33 GONGYE ROAD,JINZHOU,HEBEI,CHINA 1300GC004 7 河北晋州 JINZHOU，HEBEI 晋州天洋贸易有限公司 JINZHOU TIANYANG TRADE CO,. LTD. 河北省晋州市通达路 TONGDA ROAD， JINZHOU CITY，HEBEI PROVINCE 1300GC005 8 河北晋州 JINZHOU，HEBEI 河北省晋州市长城经贸有限公司 HEBEI JINZHOU GREAT WALL ECONOMY TRADE CO.,LTD. 河北省晋州市马于开发区 MAYU,JINZHOU,HEBEI,CHINA 1300GC006 9 河北晋州 JINZHOU，HEBEI 石家庄市丰达金润农产品有限公司 SHIJIAZHUANG GOLDEN GLORY AGRICULTURAL CO.,LTD. 晋州市马于镇北辛庄村 BEIXINZHUANG,JINZHOU,HEBEI,CHINA 1300GC007 10 河北赵县 ZHAO COUNTY，HEBEI 河北嘉华农产品有限责任公司 HEBEI JIAHUA
  • Questioning the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

    Questioning the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

    Questioning the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution The Plan As the 1964 presidential elections approached, President Johnson (Democrat) saw the need for a congressional resolution that would endorse the growing US involvement in Vietnam. Such a resolution would strengthen the president’s credibility, and would make him look tough on Communism at a time when his challenger Republican Barry Goldwater was criticizing LBJ for being soft. Accordingly, LBJ decided to wait for North Vietnamese provocation before sending his request to Congress. However, it is VERY significant that both the request was written prior to any provoking incident, as well as plans to attack North Vietnam. The Incident According to LBJ According to the public announcements of President Lyndon Johnson and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, twice in two days the North Vietnamese had attacked U.S. warships “on routine patrol in international waters,” and engaged in a “deliberate” pattern of “naked aggression”; evidence of both attacks was “unequivocal,” and these had been unprovoked.” According to Johnson and McNamara, the United States would respond in order to deter future attacks but was planning no wider war. The Request This lesson invites students to travel back to August 1964 and to imagine that they were members of Congress when the Johnson administration proposed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. It asks them to practice critical thinking. Divide into groups and imagine that you are members of Congress when this resolution was introduced in 1964. Your assignment is to come up with at least 5 critical questions that you would have wanted fully answered before you voted on the resolution.