1/7/2016 1 Complete Head & Neck Exam
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Lumps and Swellings
Clinical Oral medicine for the general practitioner: lumps and swellings Crispian Scully 1 his series of five papers summarises some of the most important oral medicine problems likely to be Tencountered by practitioners. Some are common, others rare. The practitioner cannot be expected to diagnose all, but has been trained to recognise oral health and disease, and should be competent to recognise normal variants, and common orofacial disorders. In any case of doubt, the practitioner is advised to seek a second opinion from a colleague. The series is not intended to be comprehensive in coverage either of the conditions encountered, or all aspects of Figure 1: Torus mandibularis. diagnosis or treatment: further details are available in standard texts, in the further reading section, or from the internet. The present article discusses aspects of lumps through fear, perhaps after hearing of someone with and swellings. ‘mouth cancer’. Thus some individuals discover and worry about normal anatomical features such as tori, the parotid Lumps and swellings papilla, foliate papillae on the tongue, or the pterygoid Lumps and swellings in the mouth are common, but of hamulus. The tongue often detects even a very small diverse aetiologies (Table 1), and some represent swelling, or the patient may first notice it because it is sore malignant neoplasms. Therefore, this article will discuss (Figure 1). In contrast, many oral cancers are diagnosed far lumps and swellings in general terms, but later focus on too late, often after being present several months, usually the particular problems of oral cancer and of orofacial because the patient ignores the swelling. -
Glossary for Narrative Writing
Periodontal Assessment and Treatment Planning Gingival description Color: o pink o erythematous o cyanotic o racial pigmentation o metallic pigmentation o uniformity Contour: o recession o clefts o enlarged papillae o cratered papillae o blunted papillae o highly rolled o bulbous o knife-edged o scalloped o stippled Consistency: o firm o edematous o hyperplastic o fibrotic Band of gingiva: o amount o quality o location o treatability Bleeding tendency: o sulcus base, lining o gingival margins Suppuration Sinus tract formation Pocket depths Pseudopockets Frena Pain Other pathology Dental Description Defective restorations: o overhangs o open contacts o poor contours Fractured cusps 1 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 Caries Deposits: o Type . plaque . calculus . stain . matera alba o Location . supragingival . subgingival o Severity . mild . moderate . severe Wear facets Percussion sensitivity Tooth vitality Attrition, erosion, abrasion Occlusal plane level Occlusion findings Furcations Mobility Fremitus Radiographic findings Film dates Crown:root ratio Amount of bone loss o horizontal; vertical o localized; generalized Root length and shape Overhangs Bulbous crowns Fenestrations Dehiscences Tooth resorption Retained root tips Impacted teeth Root proximities Tilted teeth Radiolucencies/opacities Etiologic factors Local: o plaque o calculus o overhangs 2 ww.links2success.biz [email protected] 914-303-6464 o orthodontic apparatus o open margins o open contacts o improper -
Diseases of Salivary Glands: Review
ISSN: 1812–1217 Diseases of Salivary Glands: Review Alhan D Al-Moula Department of Dental Basic Science BDS, MSc (Assist Lect) College of Dentistry, University of Mosul اخلﻻضة امخجوًف امفموي تُئة رطبة، حتخوي ػىل طبلة ركِلة من امسائل ثدغى انوؼاب ثغطي امسطوح ادلاخوَة و متﻷ امفراغات تني ااطَة امفموًة و اﻷس نان. انوؼاب سائل مؼلد، ًنذج من امغدد انوؼاتَة، اذلي ًوؼة دورا" ىاما" يف اﶈافظة ػىل سﻻمة امفم. املرىض اذلٍن ؼًاهون من هلص يف اﻷفراز انوؼايب حكون دلهيم مشبلك يف اﻷلك، امخحدث، و امبوع و ًطبحون غرضة مﻷههتاابت يف اﻷغش َة ااطَة و امنخر املندرش يف اﻷس نان. ًوخد ثﻻثة أزواج من امغدد انوؼاتَة ام ئرُسة – امغدة امنكفِة، امغدة حتت امفكِة، و حتت انوساهَة، موضؼيا ٍكون خارج امخجوًف امفموي، يف حمفظة و ميخد هظاهما املنَوي مَفرغ افرازاهتا. وًوخد أًضا" امؼدًد من امغدد انوؼاتَة امطغرية ، انوساهَة، اتحنكِة، ادلىوزيًة، انوساهَة احلنكِة وما كبل امرخوًة، ٍكون موضؼيا مﻷسفل و مضن امغشاء ااطي، غري حماطة مبحفظة مع هجاز كنَوي كطري. افرازات امغدد انوؼاتَة ام ئرُسة مُست مدشاهبة. امغدة امفكِة ثفرز مؼاب مطيل غين ابﻷمِﻻز، وامغدة حتت امفكِة ثنذج مؼاب غين اباط، أما امغدة حتت انوساهَة ثنذج مؼااب" مزخا". ثبؼا" ميذه اﻷخذﻻفات، انوؼاب املوحود يق امفم ٌشار امَو مكزجي. ح كرَة املزجي انوؼايب مُس ثس َطا" واملادة اﻷضافِة اموػة من لك املفرزات انوؼاتَة، اكمؼدًد من امربوثُنات ثنذلل ثرسػة وثوخطق هبدروكس َل اﻷتُذاًت مﻷس نان و سطوح ااطَة امفموًة. ثبدأ أمراض امغدد انوؼاتَة ػادة تخغريات اندرة يف املفرزات و ام كرتَة، وىذه امخغريات ثؤثر اثهواي" من خﻻل جشلك انووحية اجلرثومِة و املوح، اميت تدورىا ثؤدي اىل خنور مذفش َة وأمراض وس َج دامعة. ىذه اﻷمراض ميكن أن ثطبح شدًدة تؼد املؼاجلة امشؼاغَة ﻷن امؼدًد من احلاﻻت اجليازًة )مثل امسكري، امخوَف اهكُيس( ثؤثر يف اجلراين انوؼايب، و ٌش خيك املرض من حفاف يف امفم. -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(10), 979-1021
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(10), 979-1021 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/9916 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/9916 RESEARCH ARTICLE MINOR ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES. Harsha S K., Rani Somani and Shipra Jaidka. 1. Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti college of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. 2. Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. 3. Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, UP, India. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Minor oral surgery includes removal of retained or burried roots, Received: 16 August 2019 broken teeth, wisdom teeth and cysts of the upper and lower jaw. It also Final Accepted: 18 September 2019 includes apical surgery and removal of small soft tissue lesions like Published: October 2019 mucocele, ranula, high labial or lingual frenum etc in the mouth. These procedures are carried out under local anesthesia with or without iv Key words:- Gamba grass, accessions, yield, crude sedation and have relatively short recovery period. protein, mineral contents, Benin. Copy Right, IJAR, 2019,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Children are life‟s greatest gifts. The joy, curiosity and energy all wrapped up in tiny humans. This curiosity and lesser motor coordination usually leads to increased incidence of falls in children which leads to traumatic dental injuries. Trauma to the oral region may damage teeth, lips, cheeks, tongue, and temporomandibular joints. These traumatic injuries are the second most important issue in dentistry, after the tooth decay. -
WHAT HAPPENED? CDR, a 24-Year-Old Chinese Male
CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING 2020 https://doi.org/10.33591/sfp.46.5.up1 FINDING A MASS WITHIN THE ORAL CAVITY: WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES AND 4-7 GAINING INSIGHT: WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? In Figure 2 below, a list of masses that could arise from each site Figure 3. Most common oral masses What are the common salivary gland pathologies Salivary gland tumours (Figure 7) commonly present as channel referrals to appropriate specialists who are better HOW SHOULD A GP MANAGE THEM? of the oral cavity is given and elaborated briey. Among the that a GP should be aware of? painless growing masses which are usually benign. ey can equipped in centres to accurately diagnose and treat these Mr Tan Tai Joum, Dr Marie Stella P Cruz CDR had a slow-growing mass in the oral cavity over one year more common oral masses are: torus palatinus, torus occur in both major and minor salivary glands but are most patients, which usually involves surgical excision. but sought treatment only when he experienced a sudden acute mandibularis, pyogenic granuloma, mucocele, broma, ere are three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, commonly found occurring in the parotid glands. e most 3) Salivary gland pathology may be primary or secondary to submandibular and sublingual) as well as hundreds of minor ABSTRACT onset of severe pain and numbness. He was fortunate to have leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma – photographs of common type of salivary gland tumour is the pleomorphic systemic causes. ese dierent diseases may present with not sought treatment as it had not caused any pain. -
Abscesses Apicectomy
BChD, Dip Odont. (Mondchir.) MBChB, MChD (Chir. Max.-Fac.-Med.) Univ. of Pretoria Co Reg: 2012/043819/21 Practice.no: 062 000 012 3323 ABSCESSES WHAT IS A TOOTH ABSCESS? A dental/tooth abscess is a localised acute infection at the base of a tooth, which requires immediate attention from your dentist. They are usually associated with acute pain, swelling and sometimes an unpleasant smell or taste in the mouth. More severe infections cause facial swelling as the bacteria spread to the nearby tissues of the face. This is a very serious condition. Once the swelling begins, it can spread rapidly. The pain is often made worse by drinking hot or cold fluids or biting on hard foods and may spread from the tooth to the ear or jaw on the same side. WHAT CAUSES AN ABSCESS? Damage to the tooth, an untreated cavity, or a gum disease can cause an abscessed tooth. If the cavity isn’t treated, the inside of the tooth can become infected. The bacteria can spread from the tooth to the tissue around and beneath it, creating an abscess. Gum disease causes the gums to pull away from the teeth, leaving pockets. If food builds up in one of these pockets, bacteria can grow, and an abscess may form. An abscess can cause the bone around the tooth to dissolve. WHY CAN'T ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT ALONE BE USED? Antibiotics will usually help the pain and swelling associated with acute dental infections. However, they are not very good at reaching into abscesses and killing all the bacteria that are present. -
Recognition and Management of Oral Health Problems in Older Adults by Physicians: a Pilot Study
J Am Board Fam Pract: first published as 10.3122/jabfm.11.6.474 on 1 November 1998. Downloaded from BRIEF REPORTS Recognition and Management of Oral Health Problems in Older Adults by Physicians: A Pilot Study Thomas V. Jones, MD, MPH, Mitchel J Siegel, DDS, andJohn R. Schneider, A1A Oral health problems are among the most com of the nation's current and future health care mon chronic health conditions experienced by needs, the steady increase in the older adult popu older adults. Healthy People 2000, an initiative to lation, and the generally high access elderly per improve the health of America, has selected oral sons have to medical care provided by family health as a priority area. l About 11 of 100,000 physicians and internists.s,7,8 Currently there is persons have oral cancer diagnosed every year.2 very little information about the ability of family The average age at which oral cancer is diagnosed physicians or internists, such as geriatricians, to is approximately 65 years, with the incidence in assess the oral health of older patients. We con creasing from middle adulthood through the sev ducted this preliminary study to determine how enth decade of life. l-3 Even though the mortality family physicians and geriatricians compare with rate associated with oral cancer (7700 deaths an each other and with general practice dentists in nually)4 ranks among the lowest compared with their ability to recognize, diagnose, and perform other cancers, many deaths from oral cancer initial management of a wide spectrum of oral might be prevented by improved case finding and health problems seen in older adults. -
Practice Parameter for the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Immunodeficiency
Practice parameter Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency Francisco A. Bonilla, MD, PhD, David A. Khan, MD, Zuhair K. Ballas, MD, Javier Chinen, MD, PhD, Michael M. Frank, MD, Joyce T. Hsu, MD, Michael Keller, MD, Lisa J. Kobrynski, MD, Hirsh D. Komarow, MD, Bruce Mazer, MD, Robert P. Nelson, Jr, MD, Jordan S. Orange, MD, PhD, John M. Routes, MD, William T. Shearer, MD, PhD, Ricardo U. Sorensen, MD, James W. Verbsky, MD, PhD, David I. Bernstein, MD, Joann Blessing-Moore, MD, David Lang, MD, Richard A. Nicklas, MD, John Oppenheimer, MD, Jay M. Portnoy, MD, Christopher R. Randolph, MD, Diane Schuller, MD, Sheldon L. Spector, MD, Stephen Tilles, MD, Dana Wallace, MD Chief Editor: Francisco A. Bonilla, MD, PhD Co-Editor: David A. Khan, MD Members of the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters: David I. Bernstein, MD, Joann Blessing-Moore, MD, David Khan, MD, David Lang, MD, Richard A. Nicklas, MD, John Oppenheimer, MD, Jay M. Portnoy, MD, Christopher R. Randolph, MD, Diane Schuller, MD, Sheldon L. Spector, MD, Stephen Tilles, MD, Dana Wallace, MD Primary Immunodeficiency Workgroup: Chairman: Francisco A. Bonilla, MD, PhD Members: Zuhair K. Ballas, MD, Javier Chinen, MD, PhD, Michael M. Frank, MD, Joyce T. Hsu, MD, Michael Keller, MD, Lisa J. Kobrynski, MD, Hirsh D. Komarow, MD, Bruce Mazer, MD, Robert P. Nelson, Jr, MD, Jordan S. Orange, MD, PhD, John M. Routes, MD, William T. Shearer, MD, PhD, Ricardo U. Sorensen, MD, James W. Verbsky, MD, PhD GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Aerocrine; has received payment for lectures from Genentech/ These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Merck; and has received research support from Genentech/ the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology; the American College of Novartis and Merck. -
Classification of Salivary Gland Disorders
Salivary Gland Diseases and Disorders Dr. Mahmoud E. Khalifa Prof of OMFS Lecture ILOs At the end of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Distinguish the clinical features of infections of the salivary glands from those in other structures 2. Differentiate on clinical grounds between infection, obstruction, benign and malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands 3. Plan and evaluate the results of the investigation of disorders of the salivary glands 4. List the important/relevant information to be elicited from patients with salivary gland disorders 5. Select cases which require referral for a specialist opinion 6. Describe the causes of a dry mouth and be able to distinguish between organic and functional causes. Anatomy Major glands Minor glands 3 pairs Situated mostly 800 to 1000 in the oral cavity Parotid Submandibular The majority atAlso found in the the junction of pharynx, larynx, the hard and soft trachea, and palates sinuses sublingual Functions These glands function to produce saliva, which serves as Lubricant for speech & swallowing Assists taste Immunologic (antibacterial) Digestive Cleansing properties Based on the type of secretion, the salivary glands may be grouped as: (i) Serous, (ii) Mucous and (iii) Mixed. Parotid gland secretion is serous in nature. The sublingual gland secretes mixed, but predominantly mucous. The submandibular gland secretion is also mixed, but is predominantly serous. The minor glands secrete mucous saliva. Parotid Gland The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, the secretion of which is serous in nature. It is pyramidal in shape; The base located superficial and apex medially The base is triangular in shape its apex is towards the angle of the mandible, the base at the external acoustic meatus The parotid duct (Stenson‘s duct) Emerges at the anterior part of the gland. -
Chapter 11. Non-Neoplastic Diseases of Salivary Glands
Surgical pathology of the mouth and jaws R. A. Cawson, J. D. Langdon, J. W. Eveson 11. Non-neoplastic diseases of salivary glands Investigation Investigations will be discussed in relation to specific disorders and those more appropriate to neoplasms are discussed in the following chapter. However, it must be emphasized that chronic inflammatory swellings of the major salivary glands, in particular, sometimes cannot be distinguished from neoplasms clinically. Nevertheless, biopsy of the parotid glands is contraindicated because of the frequency of pleomorphic adenomas which can be seeded into the surrounding tissues to produce multiple recurrences. There are also the risks of damaing branches of the facial nerve or of producing a parotid fistula. For imaging techniques, see Chapters 1 and 12. Developmental disorders Aplasia/agenesis. Complete absence of one or more salivary glands is very rare, but occasionally the parotid glands are absent. Absence of all major salivary glands is even more rare. Duct atresia. This is also rare, but usually affects the submandibular duct in the floor of the mouth. Absence of the duct results in retention cysts of the submandibular and sublingual glands. Salivary gland hypoplasia. This can be a feature of the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. The hypoplasia possibly may be secondary to atrophy of parasympathetic nerves thought to be implicated in this syndrome. Congenital salivary fistulae. These are sometimes seen in association with branchial clefts. Aberrant salivary tissue. This is common in the cervical lymph nodes (where it should not be mistaken for a metastasis) and may be found in the middle ear cleft. Stafne's bone cavity is another example. -
Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia with Concomitant Lip-Tie Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149
Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149 Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia With Concomitant Lip-Tie Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 149 Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia With Concomitant Lip-Tie Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 www.ahrq.gov Contract No. 290-2012-00009-I Prepared by: Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center Nashville, TN Investigators: David O. Francis, M.D., M.S. Sivakumar Chinnadurai, M.D., M.P.H. Anna Morad, M.D. Richard A. Epstein, Ph.D., M.P.H. Sahar Kohanim, M.D. Shanthi Krishnaswami, M.B.B.S., M.P.H. Nila A. Sathe, M.A., M.L.I.S. Melissa L. McPheeters, Ph.D., M.P.H. AHRQ Publication No. 15-EHC011-EF May 2015 This report is based on research conducted by the Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-2012-00009-I). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information in this report is intended to help health care decisionmakers—patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others—make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. -
Plastic Surgery Essentials for Students Handbook to All Third Year Medical Students Concerned with the Effect of the Outcome on the Entire Patient
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS YOUNG PLASTIC SURGEONS STEERING COMMITTEE Lynn Jeffers, MD, Chair C. Bob Basu, MD, Vice Chair Eighth Edition 2012 Essentials for Students Workgroup Lynn Jeffers, MD Adam Ravin, MD Sami Khan, MD Chad Tattini, MD Patrick Garvey, MD Hatem Abou-Sayed, MD Raman Mahabir, MD Alexander Spiess, MD Howard Wang, MD Robert Whitfield, MD Andrew Chen, MD Anureet Bajaj, MD Chris Zochowski, MD UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC SURGERY EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION First Edition 1979 Ruedi P. Gingrass, MD, Chairman Martin C. Robson, MD Lewis W.Thompson, MD John E.Woods, MD Elvin G. Zook, MD Copyright © 2012 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons 444 East Algonquin Road Arlington Heights, IL 60005 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-9859672-0-8 i INTRODUCTION PREFACE This book has been written primarily for medical students, with constant attention to the thought, A CAREER IN PLASTIC SURGERY “Is this something a student should know when he or she finishes medical school?” It is not designed to be a comprehensive text, but rather an outline that can be read in the limited time Originally derived from the Greek “plastikos” meaning to mold and reshape, plastic surgery is a available in a burgeoning curriculum. It is designed to be read from beginning to end. Plastic specialty which adapts surgical principles and thought processes to the unique needs of each surgery had its beginning thousands of years ago, when clever surgeons in India reconstructed individual patient by remolding, reshaping and manipulating bone, cartilage and all soft tissues.