HUMANITARIAN 2019 NEEDS OVERVIEW PEOPLE IN NEED 4.2M NOV 2018 SOMALIA This document is produced on behalf of the Humanitarian Country Team and partners. This document provides the Humanitarian Country Team’s shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and helps inform joint strategic response planning. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. www.unocha.org/somalia www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/somalia @OCHAsomalia PART I: PART I: SUMMARY Humanitarian needs & key figures Impact of the crisis Breakdown of people in need Severity of need 03 PART I: YEMEN GULF OF ADEN Djibouti DJIBOUTI AWDAL BARI SANAAG 26,000 WOQOOYI 92,000 GALBEED 198,000 TOGDHEER 117,000 SOOL 126,000 233,000 NUGAAL 60,000 ETHIOPIA MUDUG 155,000 INDIAN OCEAN GALGADUUD 04 BAKOOL HIRAAN 144,000 48,000 78,000 KENYA BAY GEDO MIDDLE SHABELLE 51,000 207,000 272,000 Mogadishu LOWER BANADIR SHABELLE MIDDLE JUBA 497,000 2.6 million 40,000 139,000 LOWER Total IDPs JUBA Acute food insecurity phase IDPs population by 165,000 1 (Aug - Dec 2018 Projection) Phase Number of IDPs by region Mininal (Phase 1) - Stressed (Phase 2) 977,000 in Stress Crisis (Phase 3) 777,000 in Crisis Emergency (Phase 4) 107,000 in Emergency Catastrophe (Phase 5 16,000 in Catastrophe 1. The integrated food security phase classication (IPC) is a set of tools and procedures to classify the severity of food insecurity using a widely accepted ve-phase scale. At the area level, it divides areas into the following phases: IPC Phase 1=Minimal; Phase 2=Stress; Phase 3=Crisis; Phase 4=Emergency; and Phase 5 = Famine. data source: FAO- FSNAU, FEWSNET 2. IDPs data source: UNHCR - PRMN The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps in this document do not imply ocial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. YEMEN PART I: humanitarian NEEDS & Key FIGURES GULF OF ADEN Djibouti HUMANITARIAN DJIBOUTI AWDAL BARI SANAAG NEEDS & KEY FIGURES 26,000 WOQOOYI 92,000 GALBEED 198,000 Somalia remains one of the most complex and long-standing humanitarian crises in TOGDHEER 117,000 the world. 2018 has seen some improvements in the food security outlook, mainly due SOOL 126,000 to the above-average Gu rainfall and sustained humanitarian response. However, such 233,000 gains are fragile, serious protection concerns persist and humanitarian needs in Somalia NUGAAL remain high. Climatic shocks, armed conflict and violence are key drivers of humanitarian 60,000 needs and human rights violations. One third of the total population, or 4.2 million people, require humanitarian assistance and protection. Along with humanitarian action, ETHIOPIA substantial investment in resilience-building and development solutions will be critical MUDUG to ultimately reduce humanitarian needs in Somalia. 155,000 INDIAN OCEAN GALGADUUD HUMANITARIAN NEEDS BAKOOL HIRAAN 144,000 05 48,000 78,000 KENYA BAY GEDO MIDDLE Life-threatening Protection risks Limited livelihood Needs of hard-to- SHABELLE needs among the due to exposition opportunities reach populations 51,000 displaced and to armed conflict, and weakened 207,000 272,000 other crisis affected violence and other resilience An estimated 2 communities, and disasters million people Mogadishu 1a lack of access to quality 2 3Two million people – over 60 4are living in hard-to-reach, LOWER BANADIR basic services SHABELLE Violations and abuses, such per cent of all food insecure conflict-affected areas, pri- MIDDLE JUBA as sexual and gender-based people in stress (IPC 2) – are marily in the southern and 497,000 2.6 million 40,000 139,000 Over 1.5 million people face violence, child recruitment, either IDPs or are living in central regions of Somalia. acute levels of food inse- attacks on civilian areas, particularly vulnerable con- Accessibility of those in need LOWER Total IDPs curity (IPC 3 and above) infrastructure and forced ditions. Especially, displaced is hindered by the presence JUBA and require immediate displacement, remain a and socially marginalized of non-state armed actors, assistance for their survival. pervasive feature of the groups in urban, peri-urban, active conflict and insecurity, Acute food insecurity phase IDPs population by The median prevalence of humanitarian crisis in and rural areas – including as well as limited infrastruc- 165,000 (Aug - Dec 2018 Projection)1 Phase severe acute malnutrition Somalia. Vulnerable groups, pastoral and agro-pasto- ture. This has resulted in the Number of IDPs by region has surpassed the emergency such as women, children, ral communities – require reduction in presence of hu- Mininal (Phase 1) - threshold of two per cent. 2.6 people with disabilities and livelihood support to prevent manitarian partners as well Stressed (Phase 2) 977,000 in Stress million internally displaced members of marginalized a deterioration of their situa- as difficulty in the delivery of persons (IDPs), marginalized communities are especially tion and to help protect their assistance. Crisis (Phase 3) 777,000 in Crisis communities and civilians at risk of violence, livelihoods and increase in conflict-affected areas, exploitation, exclusion and their resilience against cli- Emergency (Phase 4) 107,000 in Emergency living in the most vulnerable discrimination. matic shocks. circumstances, have limited Catastrophe (Phase 5 16,000 in Catastrophe or no access to quality basic services. 1. The integrated food security phase classication (IPC) is a set of tools and procedures to classify the severity of food insecurity using a widely accepted ve-phase scale. At the area level, it divides areas into the following phases: IPC Phase 1=Minimal; Phase 2=Stress; Phase 3=Crisis; Phase 4=Emergency; and Phase 5 = Famine. data source: FAO- FSNAU, FEWSNET 2. IDPs data source: UNHCR - PRMN The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps in this document do not imply ocial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. PART I: humanitarian NEEDS & Key FIGURES TOTAL POPULATION 12.3M NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO NEED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 4.2M BY STATUS BY AGE & SEX INTERNALLY REFUGEES REFUGEE CHILDREN ADULT ELDERLY DISPLACED RETURNEES (<18 YEARS) (18-59 YEARS) (>59 YEARS) 2.6M 39,000 92,200 2.5M 1.6M 0.1M 61.5% 0.8% 2% 59% 39% 2% 06 1.25M girls 0.8M women 0.05M women HOST 1.25M boys 0.8M men 0.05M men COMMUNITIES Refugee Refugees TOTAL MALE TOTAL FEMALE Returnees 1.5M 2.1M 2.1M IDPs 35.7% 61.5% 50% 50% male female Host communties FOOD INSECURE PEOPLE IN LENGTH OF INTERNAL ACUTELY EVICTIONS NEED OF HUMANITARIAN INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT MALNOURISHED (OCT 2015 -OCT 2018) ASSISTANCE DISPLACEMENT CHILDREN < 5 YEARS 3.5M 2.6M 2.6M 954,000 729,000 LESS THAN 3 YEARS 80% 173,600 2015 2018 IPC 2: 2 M 1 YEAR & ABOVE IN URBAN AREAS SEVERELY 129,142 237,158 13% 45% 42% Educ FSC IPC IDPs Malnutrion 2017Scale IPC 3 & ABOVE: 13 YEARSEvictions 780,400 2016 1.5M MODERATELY 162,421 200,279 PART I: Impact OF THE CRISIS IMPACT OF THE CRISIS Ongoing armed conflict and insecurity, as well as cyclical climatic shocks, amid compounding political and socioeconomic factors, continue to drive and impact the humanitarian crisis in Somalia. Such factors have resulted in protracted economic vulnerability and the loss of livelihoods, particularly among agro-pastoralists, rural pastoralists and riverine farmers. Violence and limited access to humanitarian assistance and basic social services in rural and hard-to-reach areas has spurred mass population movement toward urban and peri-urban areas, further straining the limited resources and absorption capacity of host communities. The combined impact increasingly exposes households to risks of violence, exploitation and abuse. As a result, in 2019 4.2 million Somalis are in need of humanitarian assistance. The crisis impacts people in all regions of Somalia, but the The most vulnerable groups, who are exposed to the highest IDPs and the host communities bear the most substantial risks and are consistently socially excluded3, include women, burden children, the elderly, child- and female-headed households, the physically and mentally disabled, people living in conflict Throughout all 18 regions of Somalia, there are people in need, zones, and marginalized groups. Such groups are not mutually ranging from 16 to 71 per cent of the regional population. Close exclusive, compounding the vulnerability of those who belong 07 to 50 per cent of all people in need are located in five regions: to more than one. Displaced women, children and minority Banadir (721,000), Bay (370,000), Lower Shabelle (370,000), group members are particularly vulnerable due to family 1 Awdal (306,000) and Hiraan (279,000) . separations and/or the absence of community networks. IDPs 2.6 million IDPs have been displaced by armed conflict and with a different clan profile from host communities are also violence, insecurity and/or drought/floods2. They currently more vulnerable. live in all regions with around 80 per cent in urban areas. Despite improvements, the humanitarian situation remains Despite insecurity and regular climatic shocks, Somalia characterized by fragility also hosts 39,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mainly from Ethiopia (19,600) and Yemen (12,100) as well as 92,000 refugee In comparison to the 2018 HNO, humanitarian needs in 2019 returnees are expected to return from Kenya and Yemen. have reduced by 34 per cent, from 6.2 to 4.2 million people, which is due to a combination of the overall improvement in the Among the communities hosting displaced people, 1.5 million food security outlook, linked to the Gu rains and the sustained people suffer in particular from the impact of decades of humanitarian response, as well as a revised methodology for violence, recurrent climatic shocks and governance challenges.