Tic TAC: Mcdonald Observatory Telescopes and Instruments

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tic TAC: Mcdonald Observatory Telescopes and Instruments Tic TAC: McDonald Observatory Telescopes and Instruments http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/research/ Telescope Information Mirror Telescope Year Telescope Special Features and Uses Diameter Tube Completed With the Prime Focus Corrector and CCD it can image large 0.8 m 0.8 meter closed 1970 portions (about 3/4 degree) of the sky. open tube structure. Mirror Otto Struve 2.1 meters open 1938 weights 1900 kg. closed tube structure. Mirror weights 3540 kg. Harlan J. Smith 2.7 meters closed 1969 Coudé focus and high resolution spectrograph. third largest optical telescope in the world; specializes in Hobby-Eberly 11 meters open 1997 spectroscopy. Primary mirror made of 91 one-meter mirrors. Instrument Information Spectro- Image Special Use, Field of View, Instrument Telescope graph (yes/no) Sensitivity (yes/no) Medium spectral resolution with resolving power of 600-2,500 Cassegrain 2.1-m Struve yes no over the wavelength range from Spectrograph 0.3 to 1.1 micrometers. Spectral and spatial coverage. Finding extrasolar planets, Near Earth Asteroids, comets, and Prime Focus 0.8-meter no yes supernovae. Wide field of view Corrector camera (45 arc-minutes, bigger than the angular size of the moon) Wavelength range of 1 to 2.5 CoolSpec/RokCam 2.7-m Smith yes no micrometers; infrared Medium to very high spectral Coudé 2.7-m Smith yes no resolution depending upon which Spectrometer grating is used (7 available). Two observing modes to obtain low resolution spectra or 2.1-m Struve or IGI, IGP sometimes sometimes polarized light (polarimetry). 2.7-m Smith Focal reducer optics for wide field of view and bright images, Limiting magnitude of 23 and the Marcario Low field of view is 4 arc-minutes. Resolution HET yes no Has multi-slit object mode so that Spectrograph more than one object can be observed at once. Measures the intensity of light with a CCD in very short time Argos 2.1-m Struve no yes intervals. Narrow field of view (2.8 arc-seconds).
Recommended publications
  • Manastash Ridge Observatory History by Julie Lutz
    Manastash Ridge Observatory History by Julie Lutz MRO Site Survey: Western Washington has a well-deserved reputation for clouds and rainy weather. Hence, the desirability of an observatory for professional astronomers in Washington state was not instantly obvious. However, a drive to the east side of the Cascade mountains yields much better weather. Long time University of Washington (UW) astronomer Theodor Jacobson started thinking about convenient telescope access for faculty and students when the university decided to expand astronomy dramatically in the mid-1960s. When the first UW astronomy department chair George Wallerstein arrived in 1965, he immediately started a campaign to get a research telescope. Wallerstein came to UW from Berkeley where faculty and Ph.D. students had ready access to telescopes, including a productive 20-inch. He felt strongly that a high-quality research telescope in Washington state would help create a high-quality astronomy department. A grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided enough money to purchase automated cameras for a site survey and a 16-inch Boller and Chivens telescope. The eastern side of the Cascade mountains was the obvious region to survey for the best telescope location. The site had to be within reasonable driving distance of the UW Seattle campus and have road access on at least a dirt/gravel track. Founding telescope engineer and jack-of-all-trades Ed Mannery surveyed severall locations during 1965/66. The best site turned out to be Manastash Ridge on US Forest Service land southwest of Ellensberg. However, Rattlesnake Mountain on the Hanford Reservation (owned by the US Department of Energy) outside of Richland had a developed road and readily-available electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • The 100-Inch Telescope of the Mount Wilson Observatory
    The 100-Inch Telescope of the Mount Wilson Observatory An International Historical Mechanical Engineering Landmark The American Society of Mechanical Engineers June 20, 1981 Mount Wilson Observatory Mount Wilson, California BACKGROUND THE MOUNT WILSON OBSERVATORY was founded in 1904 by the CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASH- INGTON, a private foundation for scientific research supported largely from endowments provided by Andrew Carnegie. Within a few years, the Observatory became the world center of research in the new science of astrophysics, which is the application of principles of physics to astronomical objects beyond the earth. These include the sun, the planets of our solar system, the stars in our galaxy, and the system of galaxies that reaches to the limits of the The completed facility. visible universe. SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS The Mount Wilson 100-inch reflector dominated dis- coveries in astronomy from its beginning in 1918 until the dedication of the Palomar 200-inch reflector in 1948. (Both telescopes are primarily the result of the lifework of one man — George Ellery Hale.) Many of the foundations of modern astrophysics were set down by work with this telescope. One of the most important results was the discovery that the intrinsic luminosities (total light output) of the stars could be found by inspection of the record made when starlight is dispersed into a spectrum by a prism or a grating. These so-called spectroscopic absolute lumi- nosities, discovered at Mount Wilson and developed for over forty years, opened the way to an understanding of the evolution of the stars and eventually to their ages. Perhaps the most important scientific discovery of the 20th century is that we live in an expanding Universe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Needs Analysis Study of Amateur Astronomers for the National Virtual Observatory : Aaron Price1 Lou Cohen1 Janet Mattei1 Nahide Craig2
    A Needs Analysis Study of Amateur Astronomers For the National Virtual Observatory : Aaron Price1 Lou Cohen1 Janet Mattei1 Nahide Craig2 1Clinton B. Ford Astronomical Data & Research Center American Association of Variable Star Observers 25 Birch St, Cambridge MA 02138 2Space Sciences Laboratory University of California, Berkeley 7 Gauss Way Berkeley, CA 94720-7450 Abstract Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative processes, a survey was con- ducted of the amateur astronomy community to identify outstanding needs which the National Virtual Observatory (NVO) could fulfill. This is the final report of that project, which was conducted by The American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) on behalf of the SEGway Project at the Center for Science Educations @ Space Sci- ences Laboratory, UC Berkeley. Background The American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) has worked on behalf of the SEGway Project at the Center for Science Educations @ Space Sciences Labo- ratory, UC Berkeley, to conduct a needs analysis study of the amateur astronomy com- munity. The goal of the study is to identify outstanding needs in the amateur community which the National Virtual Observatory (NVO) project can fulfill. The AAVSO is a non-profit, independent organization dedicated to the study of vari- able stars. It was founded in 1911 and currently has a database of over 11 million vari- able star observations, the vast majority of which were made by amateur astronomers. The AAVSO has a rich history and extensive experience working with amateur astrono- mers and specifically in fostering amateur-professional collaboration. AAVSO Director Dr. Janet Mattei headed the team assembled by the AAVSO.
    [Show full text]
  • 50 Years of Existence of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) 30 Years of Swiss Membership with the ESO
    Federal Department for Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation SERI 50 years of existence of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) 30 years of Swiss membership with the ESO The European Southern Observatory (ESO) was founded in Paris on 5 October 1962. Exactly half a century later, on 5 October 2012, Switzerland organised a com- memoration ceremony at the University of Bern to mark ESO’s 50 years of existence and 30 years of Swiss membership with the ESO. This article provides a brief summary of the history and milestones of Swiss member- ship with the ESO as well as an overview of the most important achievements and challenges. Switzerland’s route to ESO membership Nearly twenty years after the ESO was founded, the time was ripe for Switzerland to apply for membership with the ESO. The driving forces on the academic side included the Universi- ty of Geneva and the University of Basel, which wanted to gain access to the most advanced astronomical research available. In 1980, the Federal Council submitted its Dispatch on Swiss membership with the ESO to the Federal Assembly. In 1981, the Federal Assembly adopted a federal decree endorsing Swiss membership with the ESO. In 1982, the Swiss Confederation filed the official documents for ESO membership in Paris. In 1982, Switzerland paid the initial membership fee and, in 1983, the first year’s member- ship contributions. High points of Swiss participation In 1987, the Federal Council issued a federal decree on Swiss participation in the ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) to be built at the Paranal Observatory in the Chilean Atacama Desert.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY PLANETARY RADAR SYSTEM. P. A. Taylor 1, M. C. Nolan2, E. G. Rivera-Valentın1, J. E. Richardson1, L. A
    47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016) 2534.pdf THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY PLANETARY RADAR SYSTEM. P. A. Taylor1, M. C. Nolan2, E. G. Rivera-Valent´ın1, J. E. Richardson1, L. A. Rodriguez-Ford1, L. F. Zambrano-Marin1, E. S. Howell2, and J. T. Schmelz1; 1Arecibo Observatory, Universities Space Research Association, HC 3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 ([email protected]); 2Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721. Introduction: The William E. Gordon telescope at of Solar System objects at radio wavelengths. The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico is the largest and unmatched sensitivity of Arecibo allows for detection most sensitive single-dish radio telescope and the most of any potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA; absolute active and powerful planetary radar facility in the world. magnitude H < 22) that comes within ∼0.05 AU of Since opening in 1963, Arecibo has made significant Earth (∼20 lunar distances) and most any asteroid scientific contributions in the fields of planetary science, larger than ∼10 meters (H < 27) within ∼0.015 AU radio astronomy, and space and atmospheric sciences. (∼6 lunar distances) in the Arecibo declination window Arecibo is a facility of the National Science Founda- (0◦ to +38◦), as well as objects as far away as Saturn. tion (NSF) operated under cooperative agreement with In terms of near-Earth objects, Arecibo observations SRI International along with Universities Space Re- are critical for identifying those objects that may be on search Association and Universidad Metropolitana, part a collision course with Earth in addition to providing of the Ana G.
    [Show full text]
  • Observational Astronomy Introduction
    Observational Astronomy Introduction Ast 401/Phy 580 Fall 2015 Dr. Philip Massey Photo by Kathryn Neugent Phil Photo by Kathryn Neugent Astronomer at Lowell Observatory since 2000 Photo by Kathryn Neugent Lowell Observatory Astronomer at Kitt Peak National Observatory (1984-2000) Photo by Kathryn Neugent Kitt Peak 4-meter Mayall telescope Adjunct at NAU (1993-present) Taught AST 180/181 various times Teaching AST 401/PHY 580 since Fall 2013 Photo by Kathryn Neugent Research Interests: Massive Stars Most luminous Hottest (on MS) Coolest (red supergiants) Weirdest Photo by Kathryn Neugent M31: the Andromeda Galaxy SMC LMC The 6.5-meter MMT Observatory Photo by Kathryn Neugent 6.5-meter Clay Magellan telescope Photo by Yuri Beletsky Photo by Yuri Beletsky How does it work? • Two 75-minute traditional lectures per week (T, Th 9:35-10:50am), going a bit deeper than the text. Instructor: me (Philip Massey) • Lab every Wednesday afternoon 3:00-5:30pm with telescope reserved Wednesday evenings (7:00-9:30pm). Instructor: Ed Anderson • Single grade (60% class, 40% lab) How does it work? • Ast 401/401L is “advanced” class for astronomy majors. • Phy 580 students will also give a short presentation. • Study some of techniques of research astronomy. • Much more computer analysis than observing. • Use campus 20-in to collect data for analysis. • Field trip to the 4.3-meter DCT---pretty pictures! Overview 1. The Basics A. Celestial sphere and coordinates--Chapter 1+suppl. B. Time--Chapter 2+suppl. C. Spherical triangles—Chapter 4 D. Catalogs (Guest lecture: Brian Skiff)—Chapter 3. E.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomical Observations: a Guide for Allied Researchers
    Astronomical observations: a guide for allied researchers P. Barmby Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Western Ontario London, Canada N6A 3K7 March 13, 2019 Abstract Observational astrophysics uses sophisticated technology to collect and measure electro- magnetic and other radiation from beyond the Earth. Modern observatories produce large, complex datasets and extracting the maximum possible information from them requires the expertise of specialists in many fields beyond physics and astronomy, from civil engineers to statisticians and software engineers. This article introduces the essentials of professional astronomical observations to colleagues in allied fields, to provide context and relevant back- ground for both facility construction and data analysis. It covers the path of electromagnetic radiation through telescopes, optics, detectors, and instruments, its transformation through processing into measurements and information, and the use of that information to improve our understanding of the physics of the cosmos and its history. 1 What do astronomers do? Everyone knows that astronomers study the sky. But what sorts of measurements do they make, and how do these translate into data that can be analyzed to understand the universe? This article introduces astronomical observations to colleagues in related fields (e.g., engineering, statistics, computer science) who are assumed to be familiar with quantitative measurements and computing but not necessarily with astronomy itself.1 Specialized terms which may be unfamiliar to the reader are italicized on first use. The references in this article include a mix of technical papers and less- technical descriptive works. Shorter introductions to astronomical observations, data and statistics are given by [29, 33]. Comprehensive technical introductions to astronomical observations are found in several recent textbooks [12, 45, 50].
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Gateway to the Universe 3
    B UILDING THE GATEWAY TO T HE UN IVERSE T HIRTY M ETER TEL ESCOPE 42581_Book.indd 2 10/12/10 11:11 AM CONTENTS 02 The Story of TMT is the History of the Universe 04 Breakthroughs and Discoveries in Astronomy 08 Grand Challenges of Astronomy 12 A Brief History of Astronomy and Telescopes 14 The Best Window on the Universe 16 The Science and Technology of TMT 26 Technology, Innovation, and Science 28 Turning Starlight into Insight On the cover Artist’s concept of the Thirty Meter Telescope. The unique dome design optimizes TMT’s view while minimizing its size. The louvered openings surrounding the dome enable the observatory to balance the air temperature inside the dome with that of the surrounding atmosphere, ensuring the best possible image with the telescope. Photo-illustration: Skyworks Digital 42581_Book.indd 3 10/12/10 11:11 AM B UILDING THE GATEWAY TO T HE UN IVERSE 42581_Book.indd 1 10/12/10 11:11 AM THE STORY OF TMT IS THE HISTORY OF THE U N IVERSE The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) will take us on an exciting journey of dis- covery. The TMT will explore the origin of galaxies, reveal the birth and death of stars, probe the turbulent regions surrounding supermassive black holes, and uncover previously hidden details about planets orbiting distant stars, including the possibility of life on these alien worlds. 2 T HIRTY METERT ELESCO PE 42581_Book.indd 2 10/12/10 11:11 AM Photo-illustration: Dana Berry MAUNA KEA HAWAII SELECTED AS PREFERRED SITE FULLY INTEGRATED LASER GUIDE STAR ADAPTIVE OPTICS INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PARTNERSHIP BUILDING THE GATEWAY TO THE UNIVERSE 3 42581_Book.indd 3 10/12/10 11:11 AM B REAKTHROUG HS A ND DISCOV ERI ES I N ASTRONOMY Research in astronomy has revealed exciting details about our place in the cosmos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
    National Aeronautics and Welcome to the Space Administration Stratospheric Observatory For WORD SEARCH Infrared Astronomy CKTJPPWIOYOEA JIRESNNMMRCSD FYRVLFBOFNGRE (SOFIA) VSUERENSEUAEM OHTAHOSIYBLVO JHRARPCCAUAIR LEHTRSSNOEXND DYSGNSSOTPIUN YAWYKLIMTUEGA SCAN ME FOR THE BLACKHOLEASQT ANSWER KEY! OFLIGHTVKHRXK ITPVMKCINQMTN SOFIA is the largest airborne observatory in the world. It carries a ZGVHAELBMJJOS telescope that’s nearly 9-feet wide inside a Boeing 747SP aircraft. Find words that are a part of SOFIA’s mission The SOFIA team needs your help to have a successful observation operation: flight. Here are the activities to get us into the air: 1. Decide which objects SOFIA should observe (page 2). ANDROMEDA ASTRONOMY BLACK HOLE FLIGHT GALAXIES INFRARED 2. Create a flight path (page 3). MILKY WAY SCIENCE STARS 3. Preflight (check) the SOFIA plane (page 4). STRATOSPHERIC TELESCOPE UNIVERSE SOFIA’s a unique observatory that studies stars, planets, galaxies, and black holes. Our Sun is a star, one of billions that shine bright. Sirius is the brightest star that shines at night. Then there’s Canopus, Vega, Alpha Centauri. Enough about stars, there is so much more to see. Let’s start with the planets, like Jupiter — the biggest planet in our solar system! Saturn is known for its thousands of rings. But Uranus, the 7th planet from the Sun, also has rings. They were discovered in 1977 by astronomers using an earlier flying telescope called the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way galaxy, but SOFIA studies other galaxies too. Our closest galactic neighbor is Andromeda because it’s NOT so far, far away.
    [Show full text]
  • Radar Characterization of Orbital Debris with Arecibo Observatory and the Planetary Radar Investigation, Demonstration, and Exploration (PRIDE) Laboratory
    First Int'l. Orbital Debris Conf. (2019) 6181.pdf Radar characterization of orbital debris with Arecibo Observatory and the Planetary Radar Investigation, Demonstration, and Exploration (PRIDE) Laboratory Patrick A. Taylor(1) and Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín(1) (1) Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058 USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Arecibo Observatory, located in Puerto Rico, and the Planetary Radar Investigation, Demonstration, and Exploration (PRIDE) Laboratory, located at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas, are potentially untapped assets for orbital debris studies. Arecibo Observatory has a limited history of use for studying geocentric and lunar-centric debris, which could potentially be expanded. Meanwhile, the PRIDE Lab can provide ground truth for the radar scattering properties of orbital debris. Our goal is to interface with the broad space situational awareness community to gauge the utility of these resources for future studies of orbital debris. 1 ARECIBO OBSERVATORY The 305-meter William E. Gordon Telescope at Arecibo Observatory (Fig. 1) houses two radar systems: an S-band, continuous-wave radar used primarily for observations of near-Earth asteroids and a P-band, pulsed radar used primarily for studies of Earth’s ionosphere. Over the past 50 years, Arecibo Observatory has been heavily involved in planetary and atmospheric studies; however, its history of use for space situational awareness has been limited. Figure 1. The 900-ton suspended platform of the 305-m William E. Gordon Telescope at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico houses two radar systems at S-band and P-band wavelengths potentially useful for orbital debris studies.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Astronomy on Mauna Kea CFHT: InternaOnal Partnership
    History of Astronomy on Mauna Kea CFHT: Interna-onal Partnership • Work on the 3.6-meter Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) began in 1973. • CFHT began operations in 1979, establishing their headquarters in Waimea • Observed most distant quasar and coolest brown dwarf • Remains productive observatory with newly refurbished prime focus mega-camera Radio Astronomy Arrives • Reaching further into the electromagnetic spectrum, the 15-meter James Clerk Maxwell Telescope was dedicated in 1987. • The JCMT is the largest single submillimeter telescope in the world, studying the portion of the spectrum between infrared and radio • JCMT is used to study the coldest material in the universe, such as interstellar clouds of dust and gas • SCUBA-2, the JCMT’s newest instrument, can map the sky 1,000 times faster than its predecessor The VLBA • A dedicated VLBI array since 1993 • Operated from Socorro, NM • Covers frequency range 310 MHz to 90 GHz in full polarizaon • 10 idenJcal staons on U.S. territory: – Brewster WA, Hancock NH, Fort Davis TX, KiT Peak AZ, – Los Alamos NM, Mauna Kea HI, North Liberty IA, Owens Valley CA, – Pie Town NM and Saint CroiX, US Virgin Islands • Each staon has – 25-m Cassegrain antenna – Staon building with maser, electronics, recorders – Weather staon, GPS Rx, security camera – Staff of 2 4 Bar and spiral structure legacy survey (BeSSeL) A VLBA Key Science Project • Goal: determine structure and kinematics of the Milky Way Galaxy • Perform astrometry on masers in star forming regions • Water masers at 22 GHz • Methanol at 11 and (soon) 6.7 GHz • Early results have improved measurements of the distance to the Galactic Center and rotational velocity • R0 = 8.4 ± 0.6 kpc • Θ0 = 254 ± 16 km/s • Distances and kinematics of many star forming regions to be determined.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview in PDF Format
    Roy Eisenhardt interviews Timothy Ferris Rocky Hill Observatory June 11, 2007 Roy Eisenhardt: So Tim, we're here at Rocky Hill, which is actually a very prominent player in your movie Seeing in the Dark. It's fascinating to sit here with you and imagine the context of this situation, when you think back on your early life as it was documented in the movie. Give us a sense of the place where we're sitting now and how this relates back into your early childhood in Florida. Timothy Ferris: If you start out with a little telescope observing the stars and you keep at it over the years, as I have, it’s kind of a dream to one day have an observatory where you can always go and use the telescope conveniently. After decades of hauling telescopes around in the back of vans and going up to high altitude locations and so forth, I did finally build an observatory, here on Sonoma mountain. We did some site-testing first and that’s important. Before you build an observatory, you want to put a telescope on that location and make sure that it works, because the way the ground releases heat at night in your immediate vicinity is one of the most important considerations. You can have starlight that comes ten million light years and down through the atmosphere of the earth still in good form, and then gets scrambled in the last twenty or thirty feet reaching your telescope. So you want to be careful how you build.
    [Show full text]