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Rapporto Sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1998-99 PROGETTO ANTARTIDE

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Rapporto Sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1998-99 PROGETTO ANTARTIDE PROGRAMMA NAZIONALE DI RICERCHE IN ANTARTIDE Rapporto sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1998-99 Quattordicesima Spedizione PROGETTO ANTARTIDE ANT 99/04 PROGRAMMA NAZIONALE DI RICERCHE IN ANTARTIDE Rapporto sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1998-99 Quattordicesima Spedizione A cura di Tiziana Pugliatti e M. Chiara Ramorino PROGETTO ANTARTIDE ENEA - Progetto Antartide Via Anguillarese, 301 c.p. 2400, 00100 Roma A.D. Tel.: 0630484816, Fax: 0630484893, E-mail:[email protected] Sito WEB: http://www2.pnra.it Indice I N D I C E PREMESSA........................................................................................................................................................v ATTIVITA’ A BAIA TERRA NOVA E PRESSO ALTRE BASI SETTORE 1 - EVOLUZIONE GEOLOGICA DEL CONTINENTE ANTARTICO E DELL'OCEANO MERIDIONALE Area Tematica 1a Evoluzione Geologica del Continente Antartico Progetto 1a.2 Evoluzione mesozoica e cenozoica del Mare di Ross e aree adiacenti..................3 Progetto 1a.4 Cartografia geologica, geomorfologica e geofisica .................................................3 Progetto 1a.5 Cape Roberts ..........................................................................................................6 SETTORE 2 - GLOBAL CHANGE Sottosettore 2a - Glaciologia e Paleoclima Area Tematica 2a.1 Glaciologia e Paleoclima Progetto 2a.1.1 Bilancio di massa, monitoraggio e studio paleoclimatico della calotta antartica orientale - settore pacifico ......................................................................11 Progetto 2a.1.3 Studio dell'evoluzione paleoclimatica delle aree deglaciate della Terra Vittoria settentrionale, attraverso l'analisi della distribuzione del permafrost e del ghiaccio sepolto............................................................................................16 Progetto 2a.1.5 ITASE (International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition)..................................20 Sottosettore 2b - Atmosfera Antartica, Interazioni Mare-Ghiaccio-Atmosfera Area Tematica 2b.1 Fisica e Chimica dell’Atmosfera Antartica Progetto 2b.1.1 Particles and ozone in the Antarctic stratosphere.................................................23 Progetto 2b.1.2 Studio dei processi chimici dell’atmosfera antartica rilevanti per i cambiamenti climatici............................................................................................23 Progetto 2b.1.3 Monitoraggio e campionamento di gas ad effetto serra nella atmosfera antartica ................................................................................................................24 Progetto 2b.1.7 Studio della dinamica dei bassi strati nell’area di Baia Terra Nova e della sua interazione con la circolazione a scala sinottica.............................................26 Progetto 2b.1.8 Processi di trasporto radiativo nella troposfera antartica ......................................28 Progetto 2b.1.11Ozono e costituenti minori dell’atmosfera in aree polari e remote 29 Area Tematica 2b.3 Ecologia e Biogeochimica dell’oceano meridionale Progetto 2b.3.1 Struttura e dinamica delle cenosi marine di Baia Terra Nova 33 Sottosettore 2c - Biologia, Contaminazione Ambientale e Medicina Area Tematica 2c.1 meccanismi fisiologici, biochimici e molecolari dell’adattamento Progetto 2c.1.1 Basi fisiologiche, biochimiche e molecolari dell’adattamento evolutivo nei teleostei 45 Area Tematica 2c.2 Ecofisiologia ed ecotossicologia Progetto 2c.2.1 Ricerche ecofisiologiche ed ecotossicologiche applicate allo studio dei cambiamenti di origine naturale o causati dalle attività umane che si verificano nell’ambiente antartico..........................................................................55 Adélie penguin monitoring program ......................................................................69 i Indice Area Tematica 2c.3 Aspetti ecologici e genetici dei processi di differenziamento delle popolazioni Progetto 2c.3.1 Biologia antartica: biodiversità, strategie evolutive e colonizzazione ....................75 Area Tematica 2c.4 Cicli biogeochimici dei contaminanti Progetto 2c.4.1 Evoluzione e cicli biogeochimici dei contaminanti.................................................83 Area Tematica 2c.5 Biologia umana e medicina Progetto 2c.5.1 Sperimentazione di misure preventive dello stress psicosociale nelle spedizioni antartiche..............................................................................................87 SETTORE 3 - OSSERVATORI ED INFORMAZIONI GEOGRAFICHE Area Tematica 3a Osservatori geofisici e geodetici Progetto 3a.1 Misure di riferimento dall'Antartide per la geodesia e geofisica della Terra Solida ....................................................................................................................91 Progetto 3a.2 Processi elettromagnetici nello spazio circumterrestre; implicazioni per una climatologia e meteorologia spaziale ..................................................................101 Progetto 3a.3 Osservatorio meteorologico ................................................................................104 Progetto 3a.4 Sismologia a larga banda nell’Arco di Scotia ......................................................105 Progetto 3a.5 Modellizzazione dei processi dinamici interni del Monte Melbourne finalizzata alla previsione di un’eruzione vulcanica .............................................109 Area Tematica 3b Relazioni Sole-Terra Progetto 3b.2 Osservatorio aurorale (All-Sky Camera) .............................................................113 Progetto 3b.6 Eliosismologia: campi di velocità e magnetici solari..................................................114 Area Tematica 3c Ricerche astrofisiche Progetto 3c.1 Ricerca di distorsioni spaziali nella radiazione cosmica di fondo........................117 Progetto 3c.3 Misura da pallone stratosferico delle anisotropie del fondo cosmico e del campo magnetico terrestre (BOOMERanG)..............................................................117 Progetto 3c.4 Studio della polarizzazione della radiazione fossile ..................................................121 Area Tematica 3d Telerilevamento, GIS e banche dati Progetto 3d.1 Rilievi spettroradiometrici di superfici naturali in Antartide per uno studio integrato con dati telerilevati................................................................................125 SETTORE 4 - METODOLOGIE E NORMATIVE GESTIONALI PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DELL’AMBIENTE Area Tematica 4b Impatto Umano e Normativa Progetto 4b.1 Pianificazione di un sistema integrato di monitoraggio e sviluppo di ricerca specifica in supporto alla gestione delle attività scientifiche e tecniche della comunità italiana in Antartide ed agli interventi per la minimizzazione del loro impatto sull’ambiente, nel rispetto degli impegni assunti con la firma del Protocollo di Madrid.............................................................................................133 SETTORE 5 - ROBOTICA E SENSORISTICA Area Tematica 5a Robotica e telescienza Progetto 5a.4 Sviluppo di un sistema autonomo per la telegestione di esperimenti scientifici..............................................................................................................137 ii Indice 6 - ATTIVITA’ SVOLTE NELL’AMBITO DI ACCORDI INTERNAZIONALI 6.1 Programma italo francese Dôme Concordia Attività a Dôme C .......................................................................................................................141 Attività presso la Base francese Dumont d'Urville......................................................................151 6.2 European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) 155 6.3 Il Programma APE .........................................................................................................................169 6.4 Il Programma ITASE......................................................................................................................171 6.5 Il Programma Cape Roberts .........................................................................................................173 6.6 Il Programma AEROTAM ..............................................................................................................175 7 - INFRASTRUTTURE LOGISTICHE E SUPPORTI OPERATIVI A BTN 7.1 Servizio sanitario...........................................................................................................................179 7.2 Servizi tecnico-logistici ................................................................................................................185 7.3 Servizi tecnico-scientifici di supporto ........................................................................................195 7.4 Coordinamento operazioni e sicurezza ......................................................................................201 CAMPAGNA OCEANOGRAFICA A BORDO DELLA NAVE ITALICA Supporto tecnico-logistico Premessa .....................................................................................................................................215 Attività sanitaria.............................................................................................................................219 Laboratorio di Navigazione e Meteorologia ..................................................................................220 Attività scientifica Coordinamento scientifico ............................................................................................................231 Progetto 2a.1.4 Cicli climatici recenti nei
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