DOCSLIB.ORG

Toxigenic Corynebacterium Ulcerans in Woman And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toxigenic Corynebacterium Ulcerans in Woman And LETTERS shows insuffi cient coverage among Pierre Loulergue,1 potential for nosocomial outbreaks. Euro students currently being trained as Jean-Paul Guthmann,1 Surveill. 2011;16.pii 19764. 9. Gagneur A, Pinquier D. Early waning of HCPs in university hospitals within Laure Fonteneau, maternal measles antibodies: why im- the Paris area. Thus, all unvaccinated Jean-Baptiste Armengaud, munization programs should be adapted students (20.7%) and ≈5% of the 50% Daniel Levy-Brühl, over time. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. who have received 1 dose could be and Odile Launay 2010;8:1339–43. doi:10.1586/eri.10.126 10. Schmid K, Merkl K, Hiddemann-Koca susceptible to measles. Moreover, Author affi liations: Assistance Publique K, Drexler H. Obligatory occupation- a rather low proportion of students Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (P. al health check increases vaccination knew that measles vaccination was Loulergue, J.B. Armengaud, O. Launay); rates among medical students. J Hosp Infect. 2008;70:71–5. doi:10.1016/j. recommended, as described for HCPs and Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint- jhin.2008.05.010 (7), which may explain the insuffi cient Maurice, France (J.-P. Guthmann, L. coverage. Fonteneau, D. Levy-Brühl) Address for correspondence: Pierre Loulergue, In France, this situation has DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1709.110141 CIC de Vaccinologie Cochin-Pasteur, 27, resulted in several measles outbreaks Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, within hospitals in recent years (8). References France; email: [email protected] Particular efforts should be made in certain units, such as pediatrics, 1. Muscat M, Bang H, Wohlfahrt J, Glis- because an early waning of maternal mann S, Molbak K. Measles in Europe: antibodies has been demonstrated (9). an epidemiological assessment. Lancet. 2009;373:383–9. doi:10.1016/S0140- Measures should be taken to reinforce 6736(08)61849-8 the vaccination policy in this well- 2. Parent du Châtelet I, Floret D, Antona defi ned group; information can be D, Levy-Bruhl D. Measles resurgence in obtained and follow-up vaccinations France in 2008, a preliminary report. Euro Toxigenic Surveill. 2009;14:pii 19118. can be provided easily during their 3. Calendrier vaccinal. Bull Epidemiol Corynebacterium training period. A mandatory health Hebdo. 2011; http://www.invs.sante.fr/ check could contribute to increasing beh/2011/10_11/beh_10_11_2011.pdf ulcerans in Woman the vaccination coverage (10). 4. Fonteneau L, Guthmann J, Collet M, and Cat Vilain A, Herbet J, Levy-Bruhl D. Vacci- Our study provides original nation coverage estimated based on data To the Editor: Diphtheria and data for measles vaccination found in 24th month health certifi cates coverage in HCSs in France. A of infants, France, 2004–2007. Bull Epi- diphtheria-like illness are caused by similar conclusion applies to HCS- demiol Hebdo. 2010;31–32. http://www. Corynebacterium spp. that harbor invs.sante.fr/beh/2010/31_32/index.htm recommended vaccines for which we the diphtheria toxin–encoding tox 5. Atkinson WL, Markowitz LE, Adams NC, gene. Recently in many industrialized found insuffi cient coverage (<50% Seastrom GR. Transmission of measles in had received a pertussis booster medical settings—United States, 1985– countries, cases of diphtheria-like in the past 15 years and only 6/27 1989. Am J Med. 1991;91(3B):S320–S4. infection caused by toxigenic C. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)90389-F without a history of varicella have ulcerans have outnumbered those 6. Villasís-Keever MA, Pena LA, Miranda- caused by toxigenic C. diphtheriae been vaccinated against varicella). Novales G, Alvarez y Munoz T, Dama- Such evaluations should be performed sio-Santana L, Lopez-Fuentes G, et al. (1,2). C. ulcerans infection was regularly. Although our data were Prevalence of serological markers against originally associated with consumption measles, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B, collected from a representative sample of raw milk and dairy products or hepatitis C, and human immunodefi ciency contact with cattle, but C. ulcerans of students in Paris, it is likely that virus among medical residents in Mexico. the situation is qualitatively similar Prev Med. 2001;32:424–8. doi:10.1006/ has increasingly been isolated from in other regions and therefore could pmed.2001.0825 domestic animals such as pet dogs 7. Loulergue P, Moulin F, Vidal-Trecan G, contribute to future nosocomial and cats (3–5). So far, isolation of an Absi Z, Demontpion C, Menager C, et identical toxigenic C. ulcerans strain epidemics. Mandatory vaccination al. Knowledge, attitudes and vaccina- of HCPs against vaccine-preventable tion coverage of health care workers re- from an animal and its owner has been diseases protects not only the HCP garding occupational vaccinations. Vac- documented only for dogs (3,4) and cine. 2009;27:4240–3. doi:10.1016/j. and his/her family, but also protects a pig (6). We report the isolation of vaccine.2009.03.039 an identical toxigenic C. ulcerans the patient. Increased vaccination 8. Botelho-Nevers E, Cassir N, Minodier of this group should contribute to a P, Laporte R, Gautret P, Badiaga S, et al. strain from an asymptomtic pet better control of measles outbreaks in Measles among health care workers: a cat and a person with pharyngeal diphtheria-like illness; therefore, it France. 1These authors contributed equally to this might be speculated that the woman article. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 9, September 2011 1767 LETTERS has acquired her infection from the the patient’s close contacts (6 family Our fi ndings of transmission cat. members, the physician, and 19 nurses of toxigenic C. ulcerans between In November 2010, an 86-year- and other health care workers) was a woman and her cat underline the old woman with arterial hypertension conducted. Although all close contacts zoonotic potential of this organism and rheumatoid arthritis was admitted had completed the series of diphtheria and highlight the need for more to an ear, nose, and throat clinic in toxoid vaccinations, they were all studies investigating the carrier status Dresden, Germany, with a 3-day given postexposure prophylaxis with of companion animals such as cats and history of sore throat, hoarseness, and erythromycin. dogs. Although clindamycin is not a nasal respiratory obstruction. Fever Because of the zoonotic potential fi rst-line drug for diphtheria therapy, was not reported. Because the patient of human C. ulcerans infections, the intermediate susceptibility of had visible fi brinous rhinitis, a nasal nasal and pharyngeal swab samples C. ulcerans against clindamycin and pharyngeal swab was obtained were collected from the patient’s underscores the necessity of before treatment with amoxicillin asymptomatic pet cat. Strains of tox- standardized susceptibility testing for was begun. The patient had no positive C. ulcerans (which we named diphtheria cases because clindamycin- history of recent travel abroad or KL251 and KL252) grew on culture; resistant toxigenic C. ulcerans contact with livestock. Her complete the API Coryne code was identical to strains in human infections have vaccination status against diphtheria that of the human isolate KL246. In been recently reported (6). Toxigenic was unknown, but she had received a contrast to the human isolate, which C. ulcerans strains are rare, but the vaccination booster in 2006. yielded a weakly positive Elek result, numbers of human wound infections Toxigenic C. ulcerans grew from both isolates from the cat showed or diphtheria-like disease caused by culture of the nasal swab specimen; Elek-negative results. C. ulcerans have increased in the it was identifi ed by biochemical Antimicrobial drug susceptibility past few years. However, detection differentiation (API Coryne code testing of the 3 isolates was performed of toxigenic C. ulcerans is often still 0111326; bioMèrieux, Nürtingen, on Mueller-Hinton blood agar incidental, often resulting in delayed Germany), rpoB sequencing (6), (supplemented with 5% sheep blood) specifi c therapy, including patient and MALDI-TOF analysis (MALDI by using the Etest system after isolation or contact tracing. Biotyper; Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, overnight incubation at 37°C and in Germany) (7). Toxigenicity was 5% CO2. In the absence of standardized Acknowledgments verifi ed by real-time PCR (8) and a breakpoints for C. ulcerans, sus- We thank Wolfgang Schmidt, modifi ed Elek test (6). ceptibility was determined by Karola Grünwald, Marzena Maggipinto, Because the microbiological using the Clinical Laboratory and Daniela Sebah for cultivation result suggested diphtheria-like ill- Standards Institute criteria for broth and microbiological and molecular ness, the patient was transferred to microbouillon dilution susceptibility characterization of the Corynebacteria. an infectious diseases department in testing for Corynebacterium spp. an academic hospital, where she was (9). All C. ulcerans strains were The study was partially supported isolated and treated with amoxicillin susceptible to amoxicillin, benzyl by the Bavarian State Ministry of the for 12 days. Because the patient’s penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, Environment and Public Health, by the condition was stable and no severe and tetracycline (MICs 0.19–0.5 European Commission’s Directorate complications occurred during her μg/mL) but less susceptible to General for Health and Consumer Policy hospital stay, she was not given clindamycin in vitro (MIC 2 μg/mL). through the Diphtheria Surveillance diphtheria antitoxin. Her predominant Sequencing of rpoB and tox Network, and by the German Federal symptoms, such as sore throat and showed 100% homology between Ministry of Health through the Robert earache, improved after antimicrobial the strains from the woman and the Koch-Institute and its National Reference drug therapy, and she recovered cat. Ribotyping revealing a U3-like Laboratories Network. quickly. Electrocardiogram performed ribotype (5), and multilocus sequence before discharge from hospital showed typing (10) confi rmed the clonal Anja Berger, Ingrid Huber, no signs of myocarditis or other toxin- identity of the strains.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ID 2 | Issue No: 4.1 | Issue Date: 29.10.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown Copyright 2014 Identification of Corynebacterium Species
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Corynebacterium species Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 2 | Issue no: 4.1 | Issue date: 29.10.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown copyright 2014 Identification of Corynebacterium species Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 2 | Issue no: 4.1 | Issue date: 29.10.14 | Page: 2 of 24 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Corynebacterium species Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment 2 a Risk Profile of Dairy Products in Australia Appendices 1
    2-06 22 March 2006 Attachment 2 A Risk Profile of Dairy Products in Australia Appendices 1-6 DRAFT ASSESSMENT REPORT PROPOSAL P296 PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING STANDARD FOR DAIRY RISK PROFILE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS IN AUSTRALIA VII APPENDICES 1. IMPACT OF PROCESSING ON DAIRY PRODUCT SAFETY 1.1 Milk and cream 1.2 Cheese 1.3 Dried milk powders 1.4 Infant formulae 1.5 Concentrated milk products 1.6 Butter and butter products 1.7 Ice cream 1.8 Cultured and fermented milk products 1.9 Dairy desserts 1.10 Dairy based dips 1.11 Casein, why products and other functional milk derivatives 1.12 Colostrum 2. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON OUTBREAKS OF FOODBORNE ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS 3. OCCURRENCE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH DAIRY PRODUCTS 4. CONSUMPTION FIGURES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS FOR AUSTRALIAN CONSUMERS 5. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/HAZARD CHARACTERISATION OF PATHOGENS 5.1 Aeromonas Spp. 5.2 Bacillus cereus 5.3 Brucella Spp. 5.4 Campylobacter jejuni/coli 5.5 Clostridium Spp. 5.6 Coxiella burnetii 5.7 Corynebacterium ulcerans 5.8 Cryptosporidium 5.9 Enterobacter sakazakii 5.10 Pathogenic Escherichia coli 5.11 Listeria monocytogenes 5.12 Mycobacterium bovis 5.13 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 5.14 Salmonella Spp. 5.15 Shigella Spp. 5.16 Staphylococcus aureus 5.17 Streptococcus Spp. 5.18 Yersinia enterocolitica 6. PREVIOUS RISK ASSESSMENTS ON MICROBIOLOGICAL PATHOGENS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS 7. CHEMICAL RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK 8. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY CHEMICALS 9. MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS 10. CHEMICAL RESIDUES MEASURED IN BOVINE DAIRY PRODUCTS 11. REGISTERED ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 12.
    [Show full text]
  • NGS-Based Phylogeny of Diphtheria-Related Pathogenicity Factors in Different Corynebacterium Spp
    Dangel et al. BMC Microbiology (2019) 19:28 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1402-1 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access NGS-based phylogeny of diphtheria-related pathogenicity factors in different Corynebacterium spp. implies species- specific virulence transmission Alexandra Dangel1* , Anja Berger1,2*, Regina Konrad1 and Andreas Sing1,2 Abstract Background: Diphtheria toxin (DT) is produced by toxigenic strains of the human pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae as well as zoonotic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. Toxigenic strains may cause severe respiratory diphtheria, myocarditis, neurological damage or cutaneous diphtheria. The DT encoding tox gene is located in a mobile genomic region and tox variability between C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans has been postulated based on sequences of a few isolates. In contrast, species-specific sequence analysis of the diphtheria toxin repressor gene (dtxR), occurring both in toxigenic and non-toxigenic Corynebacterium species, has not been done yet. We used whole genome sequencing data from 91 toxigenic and 46 non-toxigenic isolates of different pathogenic Corynebacterium species of animal or human origin to elucidate differences in extracted DT, DtxR and tox-surrounding genetic elements by a phylogenetic analysis in a large sample set. Results: Sequences of both DT and DtxR, extracted from whole genome sequencing data, could be classified in four distinct, nearly species-specific clades, corresponding to C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans and atypical C. ulcerans from a non-toxigenic toxin gene-bearing wildlife cluster. Average amino acid similarities were above 99% for DT and DtxR within the four groups, but lower between them. For DT, subgroups below species level could be identified, correlating with different tox-comprising mobile genetic elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Cell Envelope of Corynebacteria: Structure and Influence on Pathogenicity
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Microbiology Volume 2013, Article ID 935736, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935736 Review Article Cell Envelope of Corynebacteria: Structure and Influence on Pathogenicity Andreas Burkovski Lehrstuhl fur¨ Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat¨ Erlangen-Nurnberg,¨ Staudtstre 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Andreas Burkovski; [email protected] Received 2 December 2012; Accepted 31 December 2012 Academic Editors: S. H. Flint, G. Koraimann, and T. Krishnan Copyright © 2013 Andreas Burkovski. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. As final layer, free polysaccharides, glycolipids, and proteins are found. The composition of the different substructures of the corynebacterial cell envelope and their influence on pathogenicity are discussed in this paper. 1. The Genus Corynebacterium Based on their medical importance as etiological agent of diphtheria and their enormous biotechnological potential, The genus Corynebacterium belongs to the class of Acti- C.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Corynebacterium Species in Macaques
    Journal of Medical Microbiology (2012), 61, 1401–1408 DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.045377-0 Characterization of Corynebacterium species in macaques Jaime Venezia,1 Pamela K. Cassiday,2 Robert P. Marini,1 Zeli Shen,1 Ellen M. Buckley,1 Yaicha Peters,1 Nancy Taylor,1 Floyd E. Dewhirst,3,4 Maria L. Tondella2 and James G. Fox1 Correspondence 1Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, James G. Fox 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected] 2Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 3Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 4Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA Bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium are important primary and opportunistic pathogens. Many are zoonotic agents. In this report, phenotypic (API Coryne analysis), genetic (rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequencing), and physical methods (MS) were used to distinguish the closely related diphtheroid species Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to definitively diagnose Corynebacterium renale from cephalic implants of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques used in cognitive neuroscience research. Throat and cephalic implant cultures yielded 85 isolates from 43 macaques. Identification by API Coryne yielded C. ulcerans (n574), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n52), C. renale or most closely related to C. renale (n53), and commensals and opportunists (n56). The two isolates identified as C. pseudotuberculosis by API Coryne required genetic and MS analysis for accurate characterization as C. ulcerans. Of three isolates identified as C.
    [Show full text]
  • Corynebacterium Rouxii Sp. Nov., a Novel Member of the Diphtheriae
    Corynebacterium rouxii sp. nov., a novel member of the diphtheriae species complex Edgar Badell, Melanie Hennart, Carla Rodrigues, Virginie Passet, Mélody Dazas, Valerie Bouchez, Leonardo Panunzi, Annick Carmi-Leroy, Julie Toubiana, Sylvain Brisse To cite this version: Edgar Badell, Melanie Hennart, Carla Rodrigues, Virginie Passet, Mélody Dazas, et al.. Corynebac- terium rouxii sp. nov., a novel member of the diphtheriae species complex. Research in Microbiology, Elsevier, 2020, 171 (3-4), pp.122-127. 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.02.003. pasteur-02862963v2 HAL Id: pasteur-02862963 https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02862963v2 Submitted on 18 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Research in Microbiology 171 (2020) 122e127 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Microbiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/resmic Original Article Corynebacterium rouxii sp. nov., a novel member of the diphtheriae
    [Show full text]
  • Microorganisms
    microorganisms Review Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control Md. Tanvir Rahman 1,* , Md. Abdus Sobur 1 , Md. Saiful Islam 1 , Samina Ievy 1, Md. Jannat Hossain 1, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty 2,3, AMM Taufiquer Rahman 4 and Hossam M. Ashour 5,6,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; [email protected] (M.A.S.); [email protected] (M.S.I.); [email protected] (S.I.); [email protected] (M.J.H.) 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; [email protected] 3 Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE 75123 Uppsala, Sweden 4 Adhunik Sadar Hospital, Naogaon 6500, Bangladesh; drtaufi[email protected] 5 Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.T.R.); [email protected] (H.M.A.) Received: 12 August 2020; Accepted: 2 September 2020; Published: 12 September 2020 Abstract: Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Two Complete Corynebacterium Ulcerans
    Trost et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:383 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/383 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Comparative analysis of two complete Corynebacterium ulcerans genomes and detection of candidate virulence factors Eva Trost1,2, Arwa Al-Dilaimi1, Panagiotis Papavasiliou1, Jessica Schneider1,2,3, Prisca Viehoever4, Andreas Burkovski5, Siomar C Soares6, Sintia S Almeida6, Fernanda A Dorella6, Anderson Miyoshi6, Vasco Azevedo6, Maria P Schneider7, Artur Silva7, Cíntia S Santos8, Louisy S Santos8, Priscila Sabbadini8, Alexandre A Dias8, Raphael Hirata Jr8, Ana L Mattos-Guaraldi8 and Andreas Tauch1* Abstract Background: Corynebacterium ulcerans has been detected as a commensal in domestic and wild animals that may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic infections. During the last decade, the frequency and severity of human infections associated with C. ulcerans appear to be increasing in various countries. As the knowledge of genes contributing to the virulence of this bacterium was very limited, the complete genome sequences of two C. ulcerans strains detected in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro were determined and characterized by comparative genomics: C. ulcerans 809 was initially isolated from an elderly woman with fatal pulmonary infection and C. ulcerans BR-AD22 was recovered from a nasal sample of an asymptomatic dog. Results: The circular chromosome of C. ulcerans 809 has a total size of 2,502,095 bp and encodes 2,182 predicted proteins, whereas the genome of C. ulcerans BR-AD22 is 104,279 bp larger and comprises 2,338 protein-coding regions. The minor difference in size of the two genomes is mainly caused by additional prophage-like elements in the C.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals
    ZOONOSES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES COMMON TO MAN AND ANIMALS Third Edition Volume I Bacterioses and Mycoses Scientific and Technical Publication No. 580 PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 U.S.A. 2001 Also published in Spanish (2001) with the title: Zoonosis y enfermedades transmisibles comunes al hombre a los animales ISBN 92 75 31580 9 PAHO Cataloguing-in-Publication Pan American Health Organization Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: PAHO, © 2001. 3 vol.—(Scientific and Technical Publication No. 580) ISBN 92 75 11580 X I. Title II. Series 1. ZOONOSES 2. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND MYCOSES 3. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL 4. FOOD CONTAMINATION 5. PUBLIC HEALTH VETERINARY 6. DISEASE RESERVOIRS NLM WC950.P187 2001 En The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the Publications Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. ©Pan American Health Organization, 2001 Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights are reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, ter- ritory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • 19 Diphtheria Toxoid Tejpratap S.P
    19 Diphtheria Toxoid Tejpratap S.P. Tiwari and Melinda Wharton Respiratory diphtheria is an acute communicable upper respi- Schick introduced a skin test for immunity that consisted of the ratory illness caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium injection of a small, measured amount of diphtheria toxin; in diphtheriae, a Gram-positive bacillus. The illness is character- immune persons, circulating antibody neutralized the toxin, ized by a membranous inflammation of the upper respiratory and no local lesion was observed.2 The Schick skin test was tract, usually of the pharynx but sometimes of the posterior widely used to distinguish immune individuals and target nasal passages, larynx, and trachea, and by widespread damage immunization to those susceptible. In the early 1920s, Ramon to other organs, primarily the myocardium and peripheral showed that diphtheria toxin, when treated with heat and for- nerves. Extensive membrane production and organ damage malin, lost its toxic properties but retained its ability to produce are caused by local and systemic actions of a potent exotoxin serologic protection against the disease. Thus the current produced by toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae. A cutaneous immunizing preparation, diphtheria toxoid, came into being.6 form of diphtheria commonly occurs in warmer climates or tropical countries. WHY THE DISEASE IS IMPORTANT HISTORY OF THE DISEASE Before the introduction of diphtheria immunization, diphthe- ria was a major cause of childhood mortality, and it remains Historical descriptions of
    [Show full text]
  • Corynebacterium Ulcerans Diphtheria: an Emerging Zoonosis in Brazil And
    Rev Saúde Pública 2011;45(6) Alexandre Alves de Souza de Oliveira DiasI Corynebacterium ulcerans Louisy Sanchez SantosII diphtheria: an emerging Priscila Soares SabbadiniIII zoonosis in Brazil and Cíntia Silva SantosIII worldwide Feliciano Correa Silva JuniorI Fátima NapoleãoIII Prescilla Emy NagaoIII Maria Helena Simões Villas- ABSTRACT BôasI The article is a literature review on the emergence of human infections caused III Raphael Hirata Junior by Corynebacterium ulcerans in many countries including Brazil. Articles in Medline/PubMed and SciELO databases published between 1926 and 2011 Ana Luíza Mattos GuaraldiIII were reviewed, as well as articles and reports of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. It is presented a fast, cost-effective and easy to perform screening test for the presumptive diagnosis of C. ulcerans and C. diphtheriae infections in most Brazilian public and private laboratories. C. ulcerans spread in many countries and recent isolation of this pathogen in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, is a warning to clinicians, veterinarians, and microbiologists on the occurrence of zoonotic diphtheria and C. ulcerans dissemination in urban and rural areas of Brazil and/or Latin America. DESCRIPTORS: Corynebacterium Infections, epidemiology. Disease Reservoirs, veterinary. Zoonoses. Communicable Diseases, Emerging. Review. INTRODUCTION I Departamento de Imunologia. Instituto Diphtheria is a disease with acute evolution that shows local and systemic mani- Nacional de Controle e Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. Fundação Oswaldo festations. It remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality on different Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil continents, even in countries with child immunization programs.4,35,58,82,92 The classical forms of diphtheria are caused mainly by Corynebacterium diphthe- II Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas.
    [Show full text]
  • Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Proteome Adaptation to Cell Culture Medium and Serum
    proteomes Article Corynebacterium diphtheriae Proteome Adaptation to Cell Culture Medium and Serum Jens Möller 1,*, Fatemeh Nosratabadi 1, Luca Musella 1, Jörg Hofmann 2 and Andreas Burkovski 1 1 Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] (F.N.); [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Biochemistry Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-9131-85-28802 Abstract: Host-pathogen interactions are often studied in vitro using primary or immortal cell lines. This set-up avoids ethical problems of animal testing and has the additional advantage of lower costs. However, the influence of cell culture media on bacterial growth and metabolism is not considered or investigated in most cases. To address this question growth and proteome adaptation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain ISS3319 were investigated in this study. Bacteria were cultured in standard growth medium, cell culture medium, and fetal calf serum. Mass spectrometric analyses and label-free protein quantification hint at an increased bacterial pathogenicity when grown in cell culture medium as well as an influence of the growth medium on the cell envelope. Keywords: diphtheria; host-pathogen interaction; label-free quantification; metabolic pathway; proteomics Citation: Möller, J.; Nosratabadi, F.; Musella, L.; Hofmann, J.; Burkovski, A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1. Introduction Proteome Adaptation to Cell Culture Medium and Serum. Proteomes 2021, Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a gram-positive, non-motile, facultative anaerobe bac- 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ terium [1] which may lead to severe infections in humans.
    [Show full text]