Revolutia De La 1848 in Oltenia
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
On the Medieval Urban Economy in Wallachia
iANALELE ŞTIIN łIFICE ALE UNIVERSIT Ăł II „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IA ŞI Tomul LVI Ştiin Ńe Economice 2009 ON THE MEDIEVAL URBAN ECONOMY IN WALLACHIA Lauren Ńiu R ĂDVAN * Abstract The present study focuses on the background of the medieval urban economy in Wallachia. Townspeople earned most of their income through trade. Acting as middlemen in the trade between the Levant and Central Europe, the merchants in Br ăila, Târgovi şte, Câmpulung, Bucure şti or Târg şor became involved in trading goods that were local or had been brought from beyond the Carpathians or the Black Sea. Raw materials were the goods of choice, and Wallachia had vast amounts of them: salt, cereals, livestock or animal products, skins, wax, honey; mostly imported were expensive cloth or finer goods, much sought after by the local rulers and boyars. An analysis of the documents indicates that crafts were only secondary, witness the many raw goods imported: fine cloth (brought specifically from Flanders), weapons, tools. Products gained by practicing various crafts were sold, covering the food and clothing demand for townspeople and the rural population. As was the case with Moldavia, Wallachia stood out by its vintage wine, most of it coming from vineyards neighbouring towns. The study also deals with the ethnicity of the merchants present on the Wallachia market. Tradesmen from local towns were joined by numerous Transylvanians (Bra şov, Sibiu), but also Balkans (Ragussa) or Poles (Lviv). The Transylvanian ones enjoyed some privileges, such as tax exemptions or reduced customs duties. Key words: regional history; medieval trade; charters of privilege; merchants; craftsmen; Wallachia JEL classification: N93 1. -
5 the Supreme Control Organs in Romania* Richard
5 THE SUPREME CONTROL ORGANS IN ROMANIA* RICHARD SZAWLOWSKI Professor of International Law, The Polish University, London I. The Past United Romania was, to a great extent, a product of the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War. Previously two separate Duchies, Vallachia and Moldavia, both Russian protectorates (but still having to pay a tribute to the Ottoman Empire), existed on that territory. Russian troops were stationed there until 1851 (and occupied Romanian territory again in 1853/54), and quashed all na- tional and liberal movements. But the newly-emerged united Romanian Duchy (1862) was not fully sover- eign either; it was a collective protectorate of the five big powers and Sar- dinia.' Full sovereignty was achieved only in 1878, by the Treaty of Berlin, after the Russo-Turkish war, when Serbia and Montenegro were also given independence and Bulgaria was established as an autonomous Duchy. The Kingdom of Romania was proclaimed in 1881. 1. The first supreme control (audit) institution on Romanian soil existed in Vallachia already in the 1830s. The Regulamentul organic of that Duchy of 1831,2 Art.136, created, starting with 1 January 1832, an organ called Natio- nal Control, composed of a Chief of Control, two desk chiefs, and the needed secretaries. Its task was to help the ordinary National Assembly in its ex- amination of the management of all the revenues and expenditures of the country. This National Control, very frequently referred to simply as Con- trol, was later - in the fifties - transformed into a Department of Control, but still sometimes referred to as National Control. -
Ion Heliade Radulescu in the Romanian Revolution of 1848*
VASILE MACIU (Bucharest, Romania) Ion Heliade Radulescu in the Romanian Revolution of 1848* The revolution of 1848 was an outstanding moment in the life of the Ro- manian people: Never before had Romanians so decisively risen with a view to achieve national and social freedom. The revolution's aim was to overthrow the old disintegrating feudal social order and to establish a new bourgeois order like that in England and France. Moreover, Romanians wanted to be freed from foreign domination, to be united in a national independent state, and to see revolutionary ideas spread in Eastern Europe. In order to accom- plish this daring program, the revolution of 1848 marshaled all the national political forces-the masses and their leaders-who sacrificed themselves for the common cause. A One leader of the revolution in Wallachia was Ion Heliade Radulescu-com- monly known as Eliade. A member of the bourgeoisie, he embodied the inter- ests of his social class. But he also had significant views on the progress and possibilities of the Romanian nation. Bom in 1802, Eliade grew up in a period of political unrest and social contradictions throughout the Danubian princi- palities as well as in the Romanian regions of Habsburg Austria. He acquired a rich political experience and conducted significant cultural activities, and his reputation as a leading intellectual as well as his popularity served him well in the cause of the revolution. Eliade began his studies at the prince's academy in Bucharest. Here he encountered the ideas of the French encyclopaedists: -. He was also fascinated by the Daco-Roman thesis of the Transylvanian teacher Gheorghe Lazar. -
Romanian Traditional Musical Instruments
GRU-10-P-LP-57-DJ-TR ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Romania is a European country whose population consists mainly (approx. 90%) of ethnic Romanians, as well as a variety of minorities such as German, Hungarian and Roma (Gypsy) populations. This has resulted in a multicultural environment which includes active ethnic music scenes. Romania also has thriving scenes in the fields of pop music, hip hop, heavy metal and rock and roll. During the first decade of the 21st century some Europop groups, such as Morandi, Akcent, and Yarabi, achieved success abroad. Traditional Romanian folk music remains popular, and some folk musicians have come to national (and even international) fame. ROMANIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC Folk music is the oldest form of Romanian musical creation, characterized by great vitality; it is the defining source of the cultured musical creation, both religious and lay. Conservation of Romanian folk music has been aided by a large and enduring audience, and by numerous performers who helped propagate and further develop the folk sound. (One of them, Gheorghe Zamfir, is famous throughout the world today, and helped popularize a traditional Romanian folk instrument, the panpipes.) The earliest music was played on various pipes with rhythmical accompaniment later added by a cobza. This style can be still found in Moldavian Carpathian regions of Vrancea and Bucovina and with the Hungarian Csango minority. The Greek historians have recorded that the Dacians played guitars, and priests perform songs with added guitars. The bagpipe was popular from medieval times, as it was in most European countries, but became rare in recent times before a 20th century revival. -
ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-A, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 Septembrie 2017
CAIETELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU III Actele Conferinţei Internaţionale „ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-a, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 septembrie 2017 CAIETELE SEXTIL PUȘCARIU CONSILIUL ȘTIINȚIFIC IOAN BOLOVAN (Cluj-Napoca), MIRCEA BORCILĂ (Cluj-Napoca), ALEXANDRINA CERNOV (Cernăuţi), GHEORGHE CHIVU (București), ION MĂRII (Cluj-Napoca), ROBERTO MERLO (Torino), MARIUS SALA (București), EUGEN SIMION (Bucureşti), ION SIMUŢ (Oradea), ION TALOŞ (Köln), DORIN URIŢESCU (Toronto), GISÈLE VANHESE (Cosenza) COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE EUGEN PAVEL – director NICOLAE MOCANU – redactor-şef DUMITRU LOȘONȚI, ADRIAN TUDURACHI – redactori-şef adjuncți COSMINA BERINDEI, COSMIN BORZA, ELENA FAUR, ANDREEA-NORA POP, VERONICA VLASIN, BOGDAN HARHĂTĂ (secretar ştiinţific de redacţie) © Institutul de Lingvistică şi Istorie Literară „Sextil Puşcariu” ISSN 2393 ‒ 526X ISSN‒L 2393 ‒ 526X COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ 400165 Cluj-Napoca, Str. Emil Racoviţă, nr. 21 Filiala Cluj-Napoca Tel./ fax: +40 264 432440 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Str. Republicii, nr. 9 e-mail: [email protected] Tel./ fax: +40 264 592363 web: http://inst-puscariu.ro/CaieteleSPI.html e-mail: [email protected] ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ Filiala Cluj-Napoca INSTITUTUL DE LINGVISTICĂ ŞI ISTORIE LITERARĂ „SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” CAIETELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU III Actele Conferinţei Internaţionale „ZILELE SEXTIL PUŞCARIU” Ediţia a III-a, Cluj-Napoca, 14–15 septembrie 2017 Cluj-Napoca SCRIPTOR • ARGONAUT 2017 Coperta: CĂLIN STEGEREAN Layout: Editura Scriptor Tiparul a fost finanţat de Societatea Română de Dialectologie Proiect realizat cu sprijinul Primăriei şi al Consiliului Local Cluj-Napoca Editura Argonaut este acreditată CNCSIS/CNC, pe domeniul Philologie, nivel B, din anul 2002. —————————————————————————————— Editura Scriptor Editura Argonaut 400457 Cluj-Napoca, str. Septimiu Albini, nr. 11 400545 Cluj-Napoca, str. Ciucaş, nr.5/15 Tel. -
Universitatea Din Bucureşti
Romanoslavica vol. XLVI, nr. 3 GHEORGHE ASACHI ŞI CĂLĂTORIA SA ÎN RUSIA (1830) Radu MÂRZA Gheorghe Asachi (1788-1869) is one of the best-known Romanian men of culture from the first half of the nineteenth century. He is known for his literary and journalistic activity as well as his contribution to the organization of the Romanian higher education system. However, his political activity is less known. Asachi was one of the artisans and leading figures of the Organic Regulations regime, introduced in Moldavia by the Russian occupation regime beginning with 1830. In 1830 he traveled to Sankt Petersburg in his capacity as secretary of the committee that drafted the Organic Regulation for Moldavia. Following this trip, he published a travel diary entitled Estract din jurnalul unui călători moldovean [Excerpt from the Diary of a Moldavian Traveler] in the „Albina românească” newspaper (1830). The present article discusses this diary and argues that Asachi presents Russia as a model of development and civilization and as an alternative to the traditional cultural models that were prevalent in the Romanian society at the time (the French and German models). One should connect Asachi’s image of Russia to the propagandistic effort of the Russian authorities to improve the image of the country in the Romanian Principalities. Key words: Gheorghe Asachi, modernisation, Russia, travelers, cultural models, neologisms in Romanian Scăparea noastră vine de la Nord. Totul ne leagă de Rusia; ea e mama noastră1. Comparativ cu primele decenii postbelice, cercetările româneşti cu privire la legăturile culturale şi istorice ale spaţiului nostru cu Rusia s-au redus în ultima perioadă, dar pot fi menţionate preocupări pentru legăturile lui Dimitrie Cantemir cu Rusia, intervenţia rusă în revoluţia de la 1848 din Principate etc. -
A Short Historiography on the Concept and the Importance of the Separation of Powers in the Modern Period
Annalsăofătheă„ConstantinăBrâncu i”ăUniversityăofăTârguăJiu,ăLetterăand Social Science Series, Supplement 1/2017 ș A short historiography on the concept and the importance of the separation of powers in the Modern Period Roxana DOBRITOIU Faculty of Education Sciences and Public Management Universityă“ConstantinăBrancusi”ăTg-Jiu ABSTRACT BOTH HISTORIANS AND LAWYERS-HISTORIANS HAVE SPOTLIGHTED THE MAGNITUDE OF CHANGES IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, ALWAYS MEASURED BETWEEN REFORM AND REVOLUTION, MODERNIZATION, PEACEFUL AND VIOLENT. MODERNăNATIONALISMăFROMăNICOLAEăBLCESCUăANDăMIHAILăKOGLNICEANUăANDă TO THIS DAY, DOES NOT INCLUDE SPECIAL PAPERS ON THE SUBJECT OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE STATE. INSTEAD, MANY ARE TANGENTIAL REFERENCES OF HISTORIANS WHO HAD IN MIND THE MODERN ERA. KEY-WORDS: A SHORT HISTORIOGRAPHY, SEPARATION OF POWERS, MODERN PERIOD. Istoriografiaăromâneascămodern,ădeălaăNicolaeăBlcescuăşiăMihailăKoglniceanuăşiăpânăînăzileleă noastre,ă nuă cuprindeă lucrriă specialeă peă temaă separaieiă puterilor înă stat.ă Înă schimb,ă numeroaseă suntă referineleătangenialeăaleăistoricilorăcareăauăavutăînăvedereăepocaămodernăînăgenere,ăevenimenteleădeseădină secolul al XIX-leaăcareăauădesctuşatăorânduielileămedievaleăşiăauăpropulsatăsocietateaăromâneascăpeăoă ascendenărectilinieăpânălaădesvârşireaăunitiiănaionaleăstataleădină1918,ăsauătematicaăorganizriiădeăstat.ă Multămaiăconsistentăeste,ăîns,ăbibliografiaăjuridicăprivindăistoriaăactelorăconstituionale,ăproiectelorădeă constituiiăşiăconstituiilorăanterioareăanuluiă1866,ăundeăunălocăaparte,ădarăcontextual,ăaparineăconceptuluiă -
The Export Potential of the Muntenia Oltenia Vineyard Area
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series V: Economic Sciences • Vol. 9 (58) No. 2 - 2016 The export potential of the Muntenia Oltenia vineyard area 1 Oana BĂRBULESCU Abstract: The work that begins with the presentation of the Muntenia Oltenia wine region intends to identify the reasons underlying the small share of exports in the total production of wine made in this area and to formulate some proposals which could represent in the future solutions to improve the trade balance of the vineyard sector. In order to know the barriers that prevent wine exports, qualitative marketing research was conducted with 8 managers of vineyard areas. After analyzing the information obtained it could be concluded that in order to give more coherence and consistency to their wines, in order to promote more effectively on foreign markets and finally in order to benefit from the increased exports, wine producers should associate depending on the wine regions they belong to. Key-words: export, wine-growing areas, promotion, association, producer 1. Introduction The Muntenia Oltenia vineyard area stretching from west to east along the meridian Subcarpathians including the South West of Oltenia, the vineyards in Severin, the Segarcea, the Getic plateau, the terraces of Olt, the piedmont hills of Argeş and the last ramifications of the Curvature Subcarpathians represented by the hills of Buzău. The region is specialized in the production of white, rosé and red, dry, semi- dry or semisweet wines of superior quality. The varieties that are grown mainly here are: Feteasca, Black Drăgăşani, Novac, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot noir, Royal Feteasca, Pinot Gris, Italian Riesling, Sauvignon, Romanian Tămâioasă, Muscat Ottonel etc. -
Dismantling the Ottoman Heritage? the Evolution of Bucharest in the Nineteenth Century
Dismantling the Ottoman Heritage? The Evolution of Bucharest in the Nineteenth Century Emanuela Costantini Wallachia was part of the Ottoman Empire for nearly four centuries. Together with Moldova, the other Danubian principality, it maintained strong autonomy, as well as its own institutions, such as the position of voivoda (prince). The particular position of Wallachia in the Ottoman Empire is reflected by the peculiar aspect of Bucharest in the early nineteenth century. The Romanian scholars who studied the history of Bucharest, Ionescu-Gion and Pippidi, did not call it an Ottoman town. Maurice Cerasi, author of a very important study of Ottoman towns,1 has another viewpoint, and actually locates Bucharest at the boundaries of the Ottoman area. This means that Bucharest is not frequently taken as an example of typical Ottoman towns, but is sometimes mentioned as sharing some features with them. The evolution of Bucharest is one of the best instances of the ambiguous relationship existing between the Romanian lands and the Ottoman Empire. Moldova and Wallachia lacked the most evident expressions of Ottoman rule: there were no mosques, no Muslims, no timar system was implemented in these areas. But, on a less evident but deeper level, local culture and local society were rooted in the Ottoman way of life and displayed some of its main features: the absence of a centralized bureaucracy, the strong influence of the Greek commercial and bureaucratic elite of the Ottoman Empire, the phanariotes2 and a productive system based on agriculture and linked to the Ottoman state through a monopoly on trade. Bucharest was an example of this complex relationship: although it was not an Ottoman town, it shared many aspects with towns in the Ottoman area of influence. -
FINCH Regionalaction Plan for SOUTH WEST Oltenia Region
FINCH Regional Action Plan for SOUTH WEST Oltenia Region REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY SOUTH WEST OLTENIA | 1 / 13 FINCH - Financing impact on regional development of cultural heritage valorisation An interregional cooperation project for improving natural and cultural heritage policies www.adroltenia.ro/finch/ www.interre e ro e.e /finch/ | 2 / 13 Produced by each region, the action plan is a document providing details on how the lessons learnt from the cooperation will be implemented in order to improve the policy instrument tackled within that region. Contents Project General Information ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Project partner General Information ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Policy context ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Details of the actions envisaged ............................................................................................................................................ 7 ACTION 1: Support the cultural heritage valorisation ...................................................................................................... 7 Relevance to the project ............................................................................................................................................... -
1837–1841 EARLY DIPLOMATIC VENTURES on 20 July 1837, A
1837–1841 EARLY DIPLOMATIC VENTURES On 20 July 1837, a number of deputies in the National Assembly of Wallachia, among whom the elder Brătianu – father to two of this book’s protagonists – rejected what they regarded as an infamous ‘additional article’ of the Russian-sponsored Organic Statutes (1831– 32). The article required the Wallachian assembly to seek Russian and Ottoman authorisation for any change to the Statutes, the country’s earliest modern and highly controversial quasi-constitutional charter.32 One of the rebel deputies, Ion Câmpineanu, an early champion of the unification of the two Principalities and of independence from Turkey, visited Paris and, more unusually for a Romanian in 1839, London, where he worked closely with the Polish émigrés to arouse concern over Russian expansionism in Western chancelleries. He met Lord Palmerston himself, and was given well-meaning reassurances that “the moment is not far when Europe will decide to take measures against Russia’s actions in the East and at that point his memoranda and reports will be given serious consideration.”33 Unfortunately for Câmpineanu’s objectives, his visit to London could not have come at a worse time. 1839 marked a shift in British political attitudes to Rus- sia, from an often vaguely-defined distrust to a more positive, prag- matic cultivation of relations with the Eastern empire in the interests of the European balance of power. Anglo-Russian clashes of interest in Central Asia, especially in Afghanistan, and the Near Eastern crisis provoked by the rebel Pasha of Egypt, Mehmet Ali, had persuaded the Foreign Secretary and the Whig cabinet that the only way to contain Russia and pre-empt the growth of her influence in Constantinople, 32 These documents are also known in the historical literature as the Organic Reg- ulations or as the Règlement Organique. -
The Uses of Pragmatic Literacy in the Medieval Principalities of Moldavia
Department of Medieval Studies of the Central European University The Uses of Pragmatic Literacy in the Medieval Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (from the State Foundation to the End of the Sixteenth Century) Goina Mariana PhD thesis Budapest, August 9, 2009 CEU eTD Collection 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................4 1.1 A note on sources..........................................................................................................7 1.2 The language diversity within the Moldavian and Wallachian documents......................9 Chapter 2. Social Changes and Dissemination of the Written Record....................................13 2.1 The first known occurrences of writing produced in the territories of Wallachia and Moldavia...........................................................................................................................13 2.2 The early period of state foundation: The scarcity of documents and their recipients ...15 2.3 Changes in social structure and the multiplication of documents..................................21 2.4. Dissemination of written documents into lower social categories: Writing as a tool in changing and reinforcing social boundaries .......................................................................27 2.5. New practices regulating the ownership of land: fraternal adoption and perfection. Women’s right to land inheritance and its relation to writing.............................................36