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Darfur Genocide
Darfur genocide Berkeley Model United Nations Welcome Letter Hi everyone! Welcome to the Darfur Historical Crisis committee. My name is Laura Nguyen and I will be your head chair for BMUN 69. This committee will take place from roughly 2006 to 2010. Although we will all be in the same physical chamber, you can imagine that committee is an amalgamation of peace conferences, UN meetings, private Janjaweed or SLM meetings, etc. with the goal of preventing the Darfur Genocide and ending the War in Darfur. To be honest, I was initially wary of choosing the genocide in Darfur as this committee’s topic; people in Darfur. I also understood that in order for this to be educationally stimulating for you all, some characters who committed atrocious war crimes had to be included in debate. That being said, I chose to move on with this topic because I trust you are all responsible and intelligent, and that you will treat Darfur with respect. The War in Darfur and the ensuing genocide are grim reminders of the violence that is easily born from intolerance. Equally regrettable are the in Africa and the Middle East are woefully inadequate for what Darfur truly needs. I hope that understanding those failures and engaging with the ways we could’ve avoided them helps you all grow and become better leaders and thinkers. My best advice for you is to get familiar with the historical processes by which ethnic brave, be creative, and have fun! A little bit about me (she/her) — I’m currently a third-year at Cal majoring in Sociology and minoring in Data Science. -
The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur
The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur John Prendergast, Omer Ismail, and Akshaya Kumar August 2013 WWW.ENOUGHPROJECT.ORG WWW.SATSENTINEL.ORG The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur John Prendergast, Omer Ismail, and Akshaya Kumar August 2013 COVER PHOTO Displaced Beni Hussein cattle shepherds take shelter on the outskirts of El Sereif village, North Darfur. Fighting over gold mines in North Darfur’s Jebel Amer area between the Janjaweed Abbala forces and Beni Hussein tribe started early this January and resulted in mass displacement of thousands. AP PHOTO/UNAMID, ALBERT GONZALEZ FARRAN Overview Darfur is burning again, with devastating results for its people. A kaleidoscope of Janjaweed forces are once again torching villages, terrorizing civilians, and systematically clearing prime land and resource-rich areas of their inhabitants. The latest ethnic-cleans- ing campaign has already displaced more than 300,000 Darfuris this year and forced more than 75,000 to seek refuge in neighboring Chad, the largest population displace- ment in recent years.1 An economic agenda is emerging as a major driver for the escalating violence. At the height of the mass atrocities committed from 2003 to 2005, the Sudanese regime’s strategy appeared to be driven primarily by the counterinsurgency objectives and secondarily by the acquisition of salaries and war booty. Undeniably, even at that time, the government could have only secured the loyalty of its proxy Janjaweed militias by allowing them to keep the fertile lands from which they evicted the original inhabitants. Today’s violence is even more visibly fueled by monetary motivations, which include land grabbing; consolidating control of recently discovered gold mines; manipulating reconciliation conferences for increased “blood money”; expanding protection rackets and smuggling networks; demanding ransoms; undertaking bank robberies; and resum- ing the large-scale looting that marked earlier periods of the conflict. -
Teaching Social Issues with Film
Teaching Social Issues with Film Teaching Social Issues with Film William Benedict Russell III University of Central Florida INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING, INC. Charlotte, NC • www.infoagepub.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Russell, William B. Teaching social issues with film / William Benedict Russell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60752-116-7 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-60752-117-4 (hardcover) 1. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Audio-visual aids. 2. Social sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)--Research. 3. Motion pictures in education. I. Title. H62.2.R86 2009 361.0071’2--dc22 2009024393 Copyright © 2009 Information Age Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface and Overview .......................................................................xiii Acknowledgments ............................................................................. xvii 1 Teaching with Film ................................................................................ 1 The Russell Model for Using Film ..................................................... 2 2 Legal Issues ............................................................................................ 7 3 Teaching Social Issues with Film -
The Armenian Genocide
The Armenian Genocide During World War I, the Ottoman Empire carried out what most international experts and historians have concluded was one of the largest genocides in the world's history, slaughtering huge portions of its minority Armenian population. In all, over 1 million Armenians were put to death. To this day, Turkey denies the genocidal intent of these mass murders. My sense is that Armenians are suffering from what I would call incomplete mourning, and they can't complete that mourning process until their tragedy, their wounds are recognized by the descendants of the people who perpetrated it. People want to know what really happened. We are fed up with all these stories-- denial stories, and propaganda, and so on. Really the new generation want to know what happened 1915. How is it possible for a massacre of such epic proportions to take place? Why did it happen? And why has it remained one of the greatest untold stories of the 20th century? This film is made possible by contributions from John and Judy Bedrosian, the Avenessians Family Foundation, the Lincy Foundation, the Manoogian Simone Foundation, and the following. And others. A complete list is available from PBS. The Armenians. There are between six and seven million alive today, and less than half live in the Republic of Armenia, a small country south of Georgia and north of Iran. The rest live around the world in countries such as the US, Russia, France, Lebanon, and Syria. They're an ancient people who originally came from Anatolia some 2,500 years ago. -
Variations in Forms of Sexual Violence
variations in forms of sexual violence a comparative analysis of bosnia and rwanda my rafstedt, university of york (2014) ABSTRACT Sexual violence during the Bosnian War (1992-1995) and the Rwandan genocide (1994) has been analyzed thoroughly, but limited attention has been paid to how sexual violence difered in these two conficts and why. Tis will be investigated by doing a comparative analysis. Kirby’s modes of feminist analysis will be used as framework, and attention will be paid to the relationship between the construction of ethnic and gender identities and particular forms of sexual violence. It will be demonstrated that forced impregnation characterized Bosnian sexual violence, whilst mutilation of female body parts and mur- der afer rape were prominent in Rwanda. I argue that this can be explained by looking at how these forms of sexual violence were the result of mythology and shared beliefs and were being used by ethnic leaders to re-construct ethnic and gender identities to serve their own political objectives. Because these myths, identity constructions and leader ob- jectives were diferent in Bosnia and Rwanda, the forms of sexual violence were as well. INTRODUCTION 1995) and the Rwandan genocide (1994). Tese two exual violence in conficts has gone from being cases followed a similar pattern of leaders of ethnic considered an unchallenged by-product of war groups targeting women’s bodies, and as a result, the to being thoroughly scrutinized from a range of women experienced very high rates of sexual vio- Sperspectives. Te war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (hence- lence.4 Tey were both ethnic conficts in which sexu- forth referred to as Bosnia) from 1992 to 1995 was al violence was deployed as a strategy of war. -
Atom Egoyan's Ararat
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 3 Issue 2 Article 7 August 2008 Cycles of Genocide, Stories of Denial: Atom Egoyan's Ararat Donna-Lee Frieze Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Frieze, Donna-Lee (2008) "Cycles of Genocide, Stories of Denial: Atom Egoyan's Ararat," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 3: Iss. 2: Article 7. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol3/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cycles of Genocide, Stories of Denial: Atom Egoyan’s Ararat Donna-Lee Frieze School of History, Heritage and Society, Deakin University, Australia This article focuses on Atom Egoyan’s Ararat and explores how, through a convoluted narrative structure, Egoyan grapples with denial of the Armenian Genocide and the consequences of those denials for present generations—both Turkish and Armenian—illuminated in the film as an extension of the genocide. Egoyan uses a film-within-a-film to move beyond a popular definition of genocide as mass killing alone and links the understanding of stories, truths, and perspectives in everyday life to the dehumanizing acts of genocide. Employing the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’ ethical theory of the Other (the ethical) and philosophical understandings of ontology (dehumanization) to illuminate the genocide and its ongoing denial, this article contends that Egoyan’s focus on the generations of genocide survivors points to the ethical responsibility to one another that underlies everyday lives and sits at the heart of what is absent in the acts of genocide. -
Breaking the Silence: Women's Narratives of Sexual Violence During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide
Breaking the Silence: Women’s Narratives of Sexual Violence During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide By: Jessica Alison Hubbard Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SOCIOLOGY Dr. Carol A. Bailey, Chair Dr. Kwame Harrison Dr. Neal King April 16, 2007 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Genocidal Rape, Rwanda, Genocide, Sexual Violence, Feminist Theory Breaking the Silence: Women’s Narratives of Sexual Violence During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide Jessica Hubbard ABSTRACT: In times of war, women are subjected to sexual abuse that is largely ignored by military organizations, media outlets, and international courts. Existing literature has illustrated how wartime rape was accepted or dismissed in the past, and how today, while this practice continues, international courts are beginning to identify the harm being done to women, making explicit how rape is used as a tool of genocide. In this thesis I argue that wartime rape serves as a means of genocide, a way to eliminate a group of individuals and their culture. A recent example of how rape worked as genocide is seen in the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Rape was used as a systematic policy to destroy a group of people, the Tutsi, through torture and the spreading of AIDS. The purpose of this research is to examine genocidal rape from the perspectives of women who were raped in Rwanda during the genocide. The focus is on gaining insight to wartime rape as a form of genocide and the aftermath of rape on the women and the culture within which it occurred. -
Intent to Destroy, Directed and Produced by Joe Berlinger. 2017, 114 Minutes
Nationalities Papers (2019), 47: 1, 162–164 doi:10.1017/nps.2018.46 FILM REVIEW Intent to Destroy, directed and produced by Joe Berlinger. 2017, 114 minutes. English. Contact: Cailin McFadden, Cargo Releasing (New York), [email protected]. Webpage: https://www.asnconvention.com/intent-to-destroy. Shown at the ASN 2018 World Convention. Watching Intent to Destroy was for me not simply an evening at the movies. The film by the prolific documentary filmmaker Joe Berlinger seeks to understand the elusive and contested history of the Armenian Genocide and the efforts by the Turkish government and pseudo- scholars to deny the reality of the catastrophic events of 1915–1916. Not only does it provide a succinct and persuasive account of the mass deportations and massacres of Ottoman Armenians a century ago, in which some 800,000 to more than a million people died, but it also addresses the fraught issues of what we can learn about a traumatic past and how we can combat those who propose “alternative facts.” For a historian of the Genocide like myself, passive reception of the film is impossible. Instead, an active engagement with the talking heads (most of whom I know personally) and the archival footage (with which I was largely familiar) both riveted my attention and raised questions about the problems of representing the unthinkable. Berlinger’s ingenious device was to make his film about the making of another film, the rather melodramatic The Promise (2016) directed by Terry George, already famous for the Academy Award winning Hotel Rwanda (2004). Most reviewers panned The Promise, which lost most of its $90 million investment by the late Armenian billionaire Kirk Kerkorian, and conceded that Intent to Destroy was superior to its fictional predecessor. -
The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 The Cost of Memorializing: Analyzing Armenian Genocide Memorials and Commemorations in the Republic of Armenia and in the Diaspora Sabrina Papazian HCM 7: 55–86 DOI: 10.18352/hcm.534 Abstract In April of 1965 thousands of Armenians gathered in Yerevan and Los Angeles, demanding global recognition of and remembrance for the Armenian Genocide after fifty years of silence. Since then, over 200 memorials have been built around the world commemorating the vic- tims of the Genocide and have been the centre of hundreds of marches, vigils and commemorative events. This article analyzes the visual forms and semiotic natures of three Armenian Genocide memorials in Armenia, France and the United States and the commemoration prac- tices that surround them to compare and contrast how the Genocide is being memorialized in different Armenian communities. In doing so, this article questions the long-term effects commemorations have on an overall transnational Armenian community. Ultimately, it appears that calls for Armenian Genocide recognition unwittingly categorize the global Armenian community as eternal victims, impeding the develop- ment of both the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora. Keywords: Armenian Genocide, commemoration, cultural heritage, diaspora, identity, memorials HCM 2019, VOL. 7 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/202155 12:33:22PM via free access PAPAZIAN Introduction On 24 April 2015, the hundredth anniversary of the commencement of the Armenian Genocide, Armenians around the world collectively mourned for and remembered their ancestors who had lost their lives in the massacres and deportations of 1915.1 These commemorations took place in many forms, including marches, candlelight vigils, ceremo- nial speeches and cultural performances. -
Vol. 4, No. 1, 2019 Vol
VOL. 4, NO. 1, 2019 VOL. 4, NO. 1, 2019 4, NO. VOL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARMENIAN GENOCIDE STUDIES VOLUME 4, NO. 1, 2019 International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies Published by Armenian Genocide Museum & Institute Editor in Chief: Dr. Harutyun Marutyan, Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Armenia [email protected] Associate Editor: Dr. Edita Gzoyan, Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Armenia [email protected] Editorial Board Dr., Prof. Rouben Paul Adalian, Armenian National Institute, Washington, D.C., USA [email protected] Dr., Prof. Peter Balakian, Colgate University, New York, USA [email protected] Dr. Matthias Bjørnlund, Kristeligt Dagblads Forlag, Denmark [email protected] Dr., Associate prof. Lerna Ekmekçioglu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA [email protected] Dr. Donna-Lee Frieze, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Dr., Prof. Sévane Garibian, University of Geneva, Switzerland [email protected] Dr. Elke Hartmann, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany [email protected] Dr., Prof. Raymond Kevorkian, Foreign member of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, France [email protected] Dr. Prof., Hans-Lukas Kieser, University of Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] Dr. Suren Manukyan, Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Armenia [email protected] Dr. Armen Marsoobian, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA [email protected] Dr., Prof. Rubina Peroomian, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA [email protected] Dr., Prof. Vahram Shemmassian, California State University, Northridge, USA [email protected] Dr. Vahé Tachjian, Pázmány Péter Catholic Universtiy, Houshamadyan Project, Germany [email protected] Dr., Prof. -
CPY Document
REPORT OF THE CHIEF LEGISLATIVE ANALYST DATE: June 13. 2007 TO: Honorable Members Intergovernental Relations Committee FROM: Gerr F. Mille~ Chief Legislative Analyst SUBJECT: Resolution (Parks/HahnGarcetti) concerning support for AB 1089 (Hernandez) to restrict State contracting with companies with ties to the government of Sudan. CLA RECOMMENDATION: That the City Council, with concurrence of the Mayor, adopt the attached resolution to SUPPORT AB 1089 (Hernandez) to restrict State contracting with companies with ties to the government of Sudan. SUMMARY: AB 1089 (Hernandez) would prohibit a State agency from contracting with companies that have ties to the governent of Sudan. The California Department of General Services would be required to prepare a list of scrutinized companies and update that list on a semi-anual basis. State agencies, then, would not be able to contract with any business on that list. In September 2006, the Legislature passed and Governor signed AB 2941 (Koretz) which prohibits the California Public Employees Retirement System and the California State Teacher's Retirement System from investing in companies with business operations in Sudan. These bills seek to address what President Bush and the United States Congress have described as genocide against the people of the Darfur region of Sudan. The State of California in the past has taken similar actions with regard to South Africa. BILL STATUS Introduced Februar 25, 2007 Passed Assembly June 7, 2007 Pending review in Senate , J n Wickham IJt:~ gislative Analyst GFM:JW:jw Attachment: 1. Resolution to Support AB 1089 (Dymally) 2. AB 1089 ( AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY JUNE 1,2007 AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY MAY 8, 2007 AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY APRIL 9, 2007 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE-2007-o8 REGULAR SESSION ASSEMBLY BILL No. -
The Systematic Use of Sexual Violence in Genocide — Understanding Why Women Are Being Targeted Using the Cases of Rwanda and the Former Yugoslavia ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The systematic use of sexual violence in genocide — understanding why women are being targeted using the cases of Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia ! ! ! Author: Viktoria Nicolaisen Supervisor: Dr. Minoo Koefoed, Gothenburg University May 29, 2019 ! ! This thesis is submitted for obtaining the Master’s Degree in International Humanitarian Action and Conflict. By submitting the thesis, the author certifies that the text is from her hand, does not include the work of someone else unless clearly indicated, and that the thesis has been produced in accordance with proper academic practices. Abstract When describing sexual violence as a ’weapon of war’ or as systematic in the setting of a conflict, many times there is no distinction between how it is used during different types of conflicts. Moreover, they are often discussed as either a crime against the ”enemy” or a crime against women. This research seeks to describe sexual violence during the genocides of Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia and to find whether there is an underlying genocidal intent. It also aims to emphasize the intersectional nature of such crimes — the targeting of a woman on the basis of both gender and group belonging. ! With the use of books, journal and research articles, reports and interview transcripts — this paper is based on a qualitative research method aiming to describe the underlying intent of the strategic use of sexual violence targeting women in genocide. It is the interpretation of the gathered material and theories which enables the discussion to take form. The genocidal intent behind rapes and sexual violence is not only to use women as reproductive vessels, prevent births within a group and inflict such injuries that would make a woman suffer and become less worthy in her community — but also to humiliate a group through sexual violence in a way that fragments it into elimination.