DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—Senate S802

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record—Senate S802 S802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE February 25, 2010 Corps, and yes, VISTA. He was also the and families who taught me so much tion; which was referred to the Com- driving force behind the creation of the about life. mittee on the Judiciary: Peace Corps, which is how I originally Today, VISTA, which became part of S. CON. RES. 50 came to know him. AmeriCorps in 1993, continues to en- Whereas a group of African-American When we first met in the early 1960s, gage more than 7,000 members in help- stuntmen, athletes, and extras founded the I was still studying Chinese and inter- ing more than 1,000 local organizations Black Stuntmen’s Association in Los Ange- ested in Southeast Asia affairs, but my build sustainable anti-poverty pro- les, California, in 1967 to combat racial dis- life was quickly transformed after grams every year. crimination and create equal opportunities meeting Sargent Shriver. So to them—to VISTA’s members, for all people of color in the motion picture and television stunt industry; He understood that one way to im- past and present—to its numerous de- Whereas the Coalition of Black Stuntmen prove the world was to start with our voted host organizations and commu- and Women was formed in 1973 to continue own communities—and that if we unite nities which give as much to the pro- the fight against racial bias in the industry; together with a common mission of gram as they receive—to my friend and Whereas motion picture and television pro- making our communities stronger, we mentor Sargent Shriver—to everyone ductions at the time commonly featured can make the world a better place. who carries on VISTA’s noble work White stuntmen and women as stunt doubles That was when I became a VISTA every day—congratulations and thank for African-American actors and those of other races, using makeup to darken their volunteer, shortly after the program you. complexion in a process known as a ‘‘paint- began. I was lucky enough to come to Now, watch out. We have only just down’’; West Virginia—and that was when my begun: In these times of enormous eco- Whereas African-Americans were routinely life changed forever. I often say that nomic uncertainty and challenge, our denied job opportunities and formal training while I was technically born in New nation needs VISTA’s, courage, com- in the stunt industry due to lingering rac- York, I was really born in West Vir- mitment and service more than ever. ism; ginia that year. Your impact is real. I know without a Whereas the increased use of African- I truly believe that people are liber- American actors in motion pictures and tele- doubt, from the bottom my heart that vision in the 1960s brought more attention to ated when they get outside of them- for years to come, VISTA members will the common industry practice of using only selves to help others. continue to transform our commu- White stuntmen and women; When I first came to West Virginia, nities and our nation—for the better. Whereas the Black Stuntmen’s Association over 40 years ago, much of my work Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I am and the Coalition of Black Stuntmen and was with children who didn’t have pleased to join the distinguished Sen- Women pursued legal action to bring addi- great opportunities in life. I was a ator from West Virginia, Mr. ROCKE- tional diversity to the motion picture and television industry and continued to monitor VISTA member in Emmons, West Vir- FELLER, in submitting a resolution to compliance with the resulting agreements; ginia, a small, coal mining community celebrate the 45th anniversary of the Whereas the original members of the Black on the Boone-Kanawha County line. Volunteers in Service to America, or Stuntmen’s Association and the Coalition of It took me 6 months to finally be ac- VISTA, program. Black Stuntmen and Women paved the way cepted by the community. I used to sit President Kennedy suggested in 1963 for greater racial equality in the motion pic- on the railroad tracks with the kids, a program of national service that ture and television industry in the ensuing throwing rocks and just talking with would provide assistance to those in years, but in many cases were unable to ben- them. One day, one of the kids invited need in urban and rural areas. Less efit from their hard-won victory; me into their home; then the others than 2 years later, President Johnson Whereas the efforts of the Black Stuntmen’s Association and the Coalition of soon followed. launched the ‘‘War on Poverty,’’ and Black Stuntmen and Women also helped tear I had found what I wanted by work- included the VISTA program created down discriminatory barriers and prejudices ing with this community—what my gut by the Economic Opportunity Act of in other parts of the motion picture and tele- was telling me was important. I found 1964. vision industry, both in front of and behind out a few other things as well. There Incorporated into the AmeriCorps the camera; and was not any organization in the com- network of programs in 1993, VISTA Whereas members of the Black Stuntmen’s munity or a general effort to better the has been hard at work in the fight Association and the Coalition of Black living conditions of the area. against poverty for 45 years. Today, Stuntmen and Women have made a signifi- Many of the children didn’t even go cant and lasting contribution to the quality the VISTA program is stronger than of motion picture and television productions to school because it was several miles ever, placing 6,500 full-time volunteers in the United States: Now, therefore, be it to a paved road and the school board at 1,200 nonprofit organizations and Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- wouldn’t send a bus to Emmons. public agencies each year. These volun- resentatives concurring), That Congress— So, we fought for a school bus. We teers are committed to serving the (1) recognizes the historic founding of the built a small library. We built a park. needs of the poorest Americans at nu- Black Stuntmen’s Association and the Coali- We started a baseball team. We didn’t merous program sites, and they are to tion of Black Stuntmen and Women, and win a single game, but that wasn’t (2) honors the contributions of these orga- be commended for their unselfish con- nizations and their members in the fight for what was important. It was opening up tributions to helping others. racial equality and justice in the motion pic- new possibilities for those kids. I am proud to say that there are 87 ture and television industry. My experience was just one of thou- VISTA volunteers at 21 program sites Mr. REID. Mr. President, I rise today sands. Since 1965, more than 175,000 in my home State of Mississippi. I un- to acknowledge a group that has cre- Americans of all ages and walks of life derstand the sacrifices that are being ated opportunities for countless Afri- have answered VISTA’s call. I am made by these young men and women can American men and women in the proud to count myself as a member of and the important impact that these film and television industry. I rise to that very special group. volunteers have made in our commu- submit this Senate Concurrent Resolu- So VISTA’s anniversary is also my nities. tion honoring the Black Stuntmen’s own. When I look back on VISTA be- I am pleased to congratulate VISTA Association and the Coalition of Black ginnings, I see my own roots—the foun- on 45 years of distinguished service to Stuntmen and Women for their efforts dation on which I have built the rest of our country. to not only integrate, but enhance the my life. f television and film industry. This is a I got into politics shortly thereafter. SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- companion resolution identical to H. I knew I could not be a VISTA forever, Con. Res. 190 submitted by my good TION 50—RECOGNIZING THE HIS- so I ran for the House of Delegates, friend, Congresswoman SHELLEY BERK- TORIC FOUNDING OF THE BLACK knowing that was the way I could con- LEY. tinue to make change. STUNTMEN’S ASSOCIATION AND I take great pride in submitting this I knew there were a thousand THE COALITION OF BLACK resolution not only because these indi- Emmons all across Appalachia. But ev- STUNTMEN AND WOMEN viduals knocked down the walls of ra- erything that I have done in my career Mr. REID (for himself, Mr. BURRIS, cial discrimination, but also because in public office has been grounded in Mrs. BOXER, and Mrs. FEINSTEIN) sub- many of these pioneers now reside in the VISTA experience and in those kids mitted the following concurrent resolu- my home State of Nevada. VerDate Nov 24 2008 03:36 Mar 04, 2010 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORD10\S25FE0.REC S25FE0 mmaher on DSK69SOYB1PROD with CONG-REC-ONLINE February 25, 2010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S803 In the 1950s and 1960s few African nally known as the National Negro Com- front 21st century challenges in the critical Americans had roles in television or mittee, was founded in New York City on areas of health, education, housing, criminal film and rarely were given the oppor- February 12, 1909, the centennial of Abraham justice, and environment; and tunity to work as stuntmen and Lincoln’s birth, by a multiracial group of ac- Whereas on July 16, 2009, the NAACP cele- tivists who met in a national conference to brated its centennial anniversary in New women.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Peace Corps, What Shape Shall It Take?
    PROSPECTS OF MANKIND: EPISODE 207: THE PEACE CORPS, WHAT SHAPE SHALL IT TAKE? March 5, 1961 Description: ER hosts a discussion on new legislation to create a Peace Corps and the objectives of the Peace Corps program. Participants: ER, John F. Kennedy, Sargent Shriver, Senteza Kajubi (identified on screen as “Senteca Kajubi”), Samuel Hays, Hubert Humphrey [Theme music begins 00:19] [Title Sequence:] [Text overlaid on Prospects of Mankind logo] National Educational Television / Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt / Prospects of Mankind [Bob Jones:] [Voice over] From Washington, DC, National Educational Television presents the WGBH- TV production: Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, Prospects of Mankind. [Image of the White House] [Bob Jones:] [Voice over] On the day President Kennedy issued an executive order creating a Peace Corps, Mrs. Roosevelt went to the White House to discuss it with him. [Theme music ends 0:47 ] [ER:] Mr. President, you’re very kind indeed to give us a few words of introduction to the program, Prospects of Mankind, which is to be on the Peace Corps, which is one of your great interests. I would like to know how you originally thought of this. It seems to carry out your appeal for everyone to be of service in your inaugural address, but how did you come to invention--to think of it first? [John F. Kennedy:] Well, of course, it had been discussed by uh a good many Americans, and this idea of uh particularly young Americans using their uh desire for service for the uh benefit of mankind uh. Congressman [Henry] Reuss in the House, Senator [Hubert] Humphrey, and the others have been talking a good deal about it.
    [Show full text]
  • Synopsis of American Political Parties
    Synopsis of American Political Parties FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS Favored strong central gov't emphasized states' rights Social order & stability important Stressed civil liberties & public trust "True patriots vs. the subversive rabble" "Rule of all people vs. the favored few" "Loose" constructionists "Strict" constructionists Promoted business & manufacturing Encouraged agrarian society Favored close ties with Britain Admired the French Strongest in Northeast Supported in South & West Gazette of the United States (John Fenno) National Gazette (Philip Freneau) Directed by Hamilton (+ Washington) Founded by Jefferson (+ Madison) First Two-Party System: 1780s-1801 During most of George Washington's presidency, no real two-party political system existed. The Constitution made no provision whatever for political parties. While its framers recognized that reasonable disagreement and organized debate were healthy components in a democratic society, creation of permanent factions was an extreme to be avoided. (The consensus among the founding fathers was that political parties were potentially dangerous because they divided society, became dominated by narrow special interests, and placed mere party loyalty above concern for the common welfare.) Hence, to identify Washington with the Federalist Party is an ex post facto distinction. Accordingly, Washington's first "election" is more accurately described as a "placement"; his second election was procedural only. The first presidential challenge whereby the citizenry genuinely expressed choice between candidates affiliated with two separate parties occurred in 1896, when John Adams won the honor of following in Washington's footsteps. The cartoon above shows the infamous brawl in House of Representatives between Democratic-Republican Matthew Lyon of Vermont and Federalist Roger Griswold from Connecticut.
    [Show full text]
  • Edmund Muskie
    Edmund Muskie Folder Citation: Collection: Records of the 1976 Campaign Committee to Elect Jimmy Carter; Series: Noel Sterrett Subject File; Folder: Edmund Muskie; Container 89 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Carter-Mondale%20Campaign_1976.pdf -~ MUSKIE News RUSSELL OFFICE BUILDING • WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510 • TELEPHONE (202) 224-5344 CONTACT: Bob Rose FOR P.ELEASE PM Is 'IUESDAY Al From February 3, 1976 MUSIGE INIIDDUCES SPENDING REFORM BILL Sen. Edmund S. Muskie, D-Maine, introduced today (Tuesday) legislation to improve the degree of control Congress exercises over the federal bureaucracy by requiring Virtually every federal program to receive a formal review and reauthori- zation at tl.aast once every four years. The 11 Goverrnnent Econany and Spending Reform Act of 1976 11 would also require so-called zero-based review of the programs. Original cosponsors of the bill are Sens. William V. Roth Jr., R-Del. _, a.uu. John Glenn, r...... Ohio. ·· n ••• Government inefficiency is becoming today's number one villain," Musld.e said in a speech prepared for the Senate. :1Horror stories about bureaucratic .~ungling make good copy, and Pm Sti:;.'"'e that all of us ·at one time or another have ::heen guilty of taking a ride on some well-intentioned government worker's mistake. \)But I think the time has passed when the American people will be satisfied .. with such press release exclamations of outrage. lliey P.re ready for hard evidence and real results that prove we are serious about maldng governnent more productive.!~··: he said. Muskie said he submitted the legislation 11 not as a suggestion that· :we ab~ don our commitment to solving the nation's problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Succession
    Fordham Law School FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History Congressional Materials Twenty-Fifth Amendment Archive 10-6-2004 Presidential Succession Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the House Committee on the Judiciary, 108th Congress Subcommittee on the Constitution; Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives. United States. Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ twentyfifth_amendment_congressional_materials Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Subcommittee on the Constitution; Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives. United States., "Presidential Succession Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the House Committee on the Judiciary, 108th Congress" (2004). Congressional Materials. 1. http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/twentyfifth_amendment_congressional_materials/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment Archive at FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Congressional Materials by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION ACT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 6, 2004 Serial No. 110 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/judiciary U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 96-287 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY F.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Corps' Enduring Charter
    PEACE CORPS' ENDURING CHARTER Loret M. Ruppe* Peace Corps has recently celebrated its twenty-fifth birthday. Its success during the past quarter century is due most directly to the selfless work of more than 100,000 Volunteers who have served the needs of the people of over ninety developing countries. Its longevity as a program, however, also arises from the foresight of President John F. Kennedy in proposing, and the Congress in enacting, in 1961, enabling legislation that has stood the test of time. It is, therefore, most appropriate that the United States Congress' role in chartering and maintaining the Peace Corps be acknowledged in this Issue celebrating the two-hundredth anniversary of the Constitution and the Congress. In 1960, presidential candidate John F. Kennedy sounded the call to the Peace Corps. Standing on the steps of the Student Union, he asked University of Michigan students: How many of you are willing to spend 10 years in Africa or Latin America or Asia working for the U.S. and working for freedom? How many of you [who] are going to be doctors are willing to spend your days in Ghana? Technicians or engineers: how many of you are willing to work in the Foreign Service and spend your lives travelling around the world? On your willingness to do that, not merely to serve one or two years in the service, but on your willingness to contribute part of your life to this country I think will depend the answer whether we as a free society can compete. I think we can, and I think Americans are willing to contribute.
    [Show full text]
  • SARGENT SHRIVER's LIFE AS an ENGAGED CATHOLIC and AS an ACTIVE LIBERAL Dissertation Submitted to T
    INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATOR: SARGENT SHRIVER’S LIFE AS AN ENGAGED CATHOLIC AND AS AN ACTIVE LIBERAL Dissertation Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Daniel E. Martin UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio May 2016 INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATOR: SARGENT SHRIVER’S LIFE AS AN ENGAGED CATHOLIC AND AS AN ACTIVE LIBERAL Name: Martin, Daniel E. APPROVED BY: ______________________________________ Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Chair ______________________________________ Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________________ Cecilia A. Moore, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________________ William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________________ David J. O’Brien, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATOR: SARGENT SHRIVER’S LIFE AS AN ENGAGED CATHOLIC AND AS AN ACTIVE LIBERAL Name: Martin, Daniel Edwin University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Anthony B. Smith This dissertation argues that Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.’s Roman Catholicism is undervalued when understanding his role crafting late 1950s and 1960s public policies. Shriver played a role in desegregating Chicago’s Catholic and public school systems as well as Catholic hospitals. He helped to shape and lead the Peace Corps. He also designed many of the programs launched in President Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty. Shriver’s ability to produce new policies and agencies within a broader structure of governance is well known. However, Shriver’s Catholicism is often neglected when examining his influence on key public policy initiatives and innovations. This dissertation argues that Shriver’s Roman Catholic upbringing formed him in such a way as to understand the nature of large bureaucracies and to see possibilities for innovation within an overarching structure.
    [Show full text]
  • The President's Panel and the Public Policy Contributions of Eunice
    The President’s Panel and The Public Policy Contributions of Eunice Kennedy Shriver Deborah M. Spitalnik, Ph.D. Professor of Pediatrics Executive Director, The Boggs Center June 2011 Suggested citation for this document: Spitalnik, D. (2011). The President’s Panel and The Public Policy Contributions of Eunice Kennedy Shriver. New Brunswick, NJ: The Elizabeth M. Boggs Center on Developmental Disabilities. A University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Education, Research, and Service Liberty Plaza 335 George Street P.O. Box 2688 New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2688 Phone: (732) 235-9300 Fax: (732) 235-9330 TDD Users: Dial 711 for New Jersey Relay Website: http://rwjms.umdnj.edu/boggscenter The President’s Panel and The Public Policy Contributions of Eunice Kennedy Shriver AUTHOR’S NOTE: The language utilized in this paper includes the historical term “mental retardation”, which is no longer acceptable professional terminology or appropriate language. Where this outmoded term is used it is in the context of accurately reflecting previous sources, and not meant to be either stigmatizing or hurtful, but rather a reflection of the historical period being described. Eunice Kennedy Shriver was born on July 10, 1921, the third daughter and fifth child of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and Joseph P. Kennedy. After earning a BS in Sociology from Stanford University in 1943, she worked in the Special War Problems Division of the State Department, headed a juvenile delinquency project of the Department of Justice, and worked as a social worker with incarcerated women and in juvenile courts. In 1953 she married Robert Sargent Shriver.1 Out of dedication to Rosemary Kennedy, the Kennedy’s second daughter, a woman with intellectual disabilities and in memory of their first son Joe Jr., killed in World War II, the Kennedy family established the Joseph P.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidential Succession: an Overview with Analysis of Legislation Proposed in the 109Th Congress
    Order Code RL32969 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Presidential Succession: An Overview with Analysis of Legislation Proposed in the 109th Congress June 29, 2005 Thomas H. Neale Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Presidential Succession: An Overview with Analysis of Legislation Proposed in the 109th Congress Summary Whenever the office of President of the United States becomes vacant due to “removal ... death or resignation” of the chief executive, the Constitution provides that “the Vice President shall become President.” When the office of Vice President becomes vacant for any reason, the President nominates a successor, who must be confirmed by a majority vote of both houses of Congress. If both of these offices are vacant simultaneously, then, under the Succession Act of 1947, the Speaker of the House of Representatives becomes President, after resigning from the House and as Speaker. If the speakership is also vacant, then the President Pro Tempore of the Senate becomes President, after resigning from the Senate and as President Pro Tempore. If both of these offices are vacant, or if the incumbents fail to qualify for any reason, then cabinet officers are eligible to succeed, in the order established by law (3 U.S.C. §19, see Table 3). In every case, a potential successor must be duly sworn in his or her previous office, and must meet other constitutional requirements for the presidency, i.e., be at least 35 years of age, a “natural born citizen,” and for 14 years, a “resident within the United States.” Succession provisions are derived from the Constitution, statutory law, and political precedents of the past two centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington: Mrs. FDR's Prospects of Mankind TV Program, March 5, 1961
    Hotel Raleigh, 12th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, W a.<;hington 4, D.C. Sterling 3-5300 PROSPECTS OF MANKIND on "The Peace Corps: What Shape Shall It Take?" With special introduction by President John F. Kennedy and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Presented by WTTG, Washington (March ll, 8 P • .M.) and WNEW-TV, New York (March 12, 7:30P.M.) Mrs. Roosevelts guests on panel discussion are: R. Sargent Shriver Senator Hubert Humphrey Professor Samuel Hayes Senteca Kajubi "Prospects of Mankind" is produced for National Educational Television by WGBH-TV and is offered by Metropolitan Broadcasting as a public service. COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT OF PEACE CORPS PROGRAM WITHOUT EDITING - - .411 INTRODUCTORY DISCUSSION BY MRSo ROOSEVELT AND PRESIDENT KENNEDY R: Mro President, you are very kind indeed to give us a few words of intro­ duction to the program "Prospects of Mankind'' which is to be on the Peace Corps, which is one of your great interests. I would .like to know how you originally thought of this. It seems to carry out your appeal for everyone to be of service in your Inaugural Address, but how did you come to think of it first? K: Well, of course it had been discussed by a good many Americans, this idea, par ticularly young Americans, using their desire for service for the bene­ fit of r:1ankind. Congressman Reuss in the House, Senator Humphrey, and others had been talking a good deal about it, and I felt during the fall that it should h e a matter to which we should address outselves. We have now organized it and we hope by the end of this year to have between 500 and 1, 000 young men and women, though perhaps later on we can go to all ages, in service around the world, in the service of peace, so that I am very hope­ ful that t his would do a good deal for other countries, but would also do something for our own people.
    [Show full text]
  • Orville L. Freeman Interviewer: Charles T
    Orville L. Freeman Oral History Interview – JFK#1, 7/22/1964 Administrative Information Creator: Orville L. Freeman Interviewer: Charles T. Morrissey Date of Interview: July 22, 1964 Place of Interview: Washington, D.C. Length: 16 pages Biographical Note Orville L. Freeman, Governor of Minnesota (1954-1961), U.S. Secretary of Agriculture (1961-1969), and builder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, discusses Hubert H. Humphrey’s campaign against John F. Kenney for the presidential nomination, concerns the public had with Kennedy’s voting on farm issues as a senator, and also his Catholicism and later joining the Kennedy administration, among other issues. Access Open. Usage Restrictions According to the deed of gift signed September 18, 1972, copyright of these materials has been assigned to the United States Government. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • Iowa Caucus Results
    ELECTIONS 377 CAUCUS RESULTS Democrats Note: Delegate strength figures are projections by the Iowa Democratic Party of the percentage of state convention delegates each candidate controlled as a result of strength shown at the caucuses. In 1972 and 1976, the Iowa Democratic Party also projected the national delegates won based on the strength shown at the caucuses. In 1984 and 1988, the News Election Service (N.E.S.) also conducted straw polls. Since both the Iowa Democratic Party and N.E.S. results depend on volunteer reporting, the results are never complete. In 1992, a N.E.S. straw poll was not conducted. In all years, information was never reported from some precincts. 1972 Delegate Strength National Delegates Won Uncommitted ......................................................... 35.8% ................................................................18 Edmund Muskie .................................................... 35.5% ................................................................18 George McGovern ................................................ 22.6% ................................................................10 Others .................................................................... ....7%.............................................................. .0 Hubert Humphrey ................................................ 1.6% ..................................................................0 Eugene McCarthy ................................................ 1.4% ...................................................................0
    [Show full text]
  • RESOLVED, Executive Orders and Other Unilateral Presidential Directives Undermine Distribute Democracy Or
    12 RESOLVED, Executive orders and other unilateral presidential directives undermine distribute democracy or post, PRO: Gene Healy CON: Andrew Rudalevige “Stroke of the pen, law of the land. Kind of cool.” That is how Clinton aide Paul Begala, in 1998, memorably describedcopy, the appeal of executive orders and other unilateral presidential directives, such as proclamations, national security directives, and presidential memoranda. These unilateral orders are especially cool if you are a second-termnot president facing a recalcitrant Congress controlled by the other party, as Bill Clinton did. And Barack Obama too. At the outset of his second term, Obama pledged that “When Congress isn’t acting, I’ll act onDo my own.” And he did. In 2014, for instance, Obama issued Executive Order- 13658, which raised the minimum wage of employees of government contractors by almost 40 percent, to $10.10 an hour. Republicans howled in protest. “Mr. President we are a nation of laws & we are supposed to follow our #Constitution,” tweeted Kentucky senator Rand Paul. “YouProof do not get to ‘act alone.’” Obama’s defenders countered that the president was not behaving any differently than his predecessors. One of the earliest of George W. Bush’s nearly three hundred executive orders included an order (Executive Order Draft13202) prohibiting federal dollars from going to construction projects in which a contractor had signed a “project labor agreement” with a labor union. This sort of executive unilateralism is hardly a recent invention. Back in 1840, Martin Van Buren sought to secure working class political support by issuing Copyright ©2017 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
    [Show full text]