CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Millions of people travel every day. Going to work, school or just going to the mall, whatever the reason is, travelling is a necessity for us. Along with this, traffic has been a part of our daily lives especially during peak hours. It has been the problem of the country since we adapted to change and embraced modernization.
Traffic on roads are consist of pedestrians, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances while using the public way for purposes of travel. The occurrence of traffic accidents has a big impact to the community specifically in the safety of the motorists and passengers as well as to our economy. Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs.
Traffic and congestion has negative impacts to the community in different aspects. Time of motorists and passengers are wasted. This delay may result to the late arrival for employment, meetings and education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action and personal loses such as salary deduction for employees as well as the stress brought by the delays. Traffic is also a hindrance during emergencies, blocked traffic may interfereinthe passage of emergency vehicles travelling to their destinations. The stopping and starting in traffic jams burns fuel consumption that costs commuters additional money for fuel. The emissions released by the vehicles during traffic and congestion create air pollution which is a contributor in global warming.
Traffic laws govern traffic and regulate vehicles. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. Organized management in cooperation with the drivers and passengers typically produces travel safety.
Under Republic Act.No.4136 known as the "Land Transportation and Traffic Code."Section 2. This act shall control, as far as they apply, the registration and operation of motor vehicles and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors, drivers, and similar matters. This act intensifies the concern of the government to improve the traffic safety as well as management in the country.
In Naga City, the Public Safety Office (PSO) is the local agency which in charge of the transport and traffic. They implement the law under 93-049 also known as “The Transport and Traffic Code of Naga
City.” It is an ordinance amending section 144, an ordinance governing all vehicles and public conveyances in Naga City. The transport department has been entrusted with the responsibility of providing a smooth public transportation system on roads. This department functions by implementing traffic rules and regulations and then monitor and regulate the functioning of the transport in the city.
Responsibilities for traffic management, however, should not just be relied upon the government agencies but a collaborative effort among the policy makers, implementers as well as the ordinary people, even children in grade school to senior citizens. Every citizen has to be educated about road traffic safety rules and signs that’s why Rep.
Narciso D. Santiago III has filed House Bill 4745 which aims to have a separate subject integrated in the grade school and high school
curricula that includes the teaching of road traffic safety rules and signs since young people are the easiest to train.
Organized traffic management generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control atintersections. It typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency.
Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic areroad construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. A complete breakdown of organization may result in traffic congestion. To avoid complete congestion, rules of the road and driving etiquette are the
general practices and procedures that road users should be followed.
These rules are applied to all road users.
The capacity of the researchers to look into the level of
information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga
City is completely significant to come up with an effective measure to
improve it.
Statement of the Problem
This study determined the problems encountered and the level of
implementation of the traffic rules and regulation as well as the
commonly committed traffic violation in Naga City, Calendar year
2013-2014. Specially is answered the following question.
1. What is the traffic accident statistic in Naga City?
2. What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in
Naga City?
3. What are the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga City 4. What are the perceived problems encountered by the PSO in
implementing the traffic rules and regulation?
5. What measures can be proposed to improve the level of
implementation of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City?
Assumption
This study assumes that:
1. There is varied traffic accident committed in Naga City from
2013-2014.
2. The perception of the drivers on Traffic Rules and Regulation
are different from one another.
3. There are varied of traffic accident committed in Naga City.
4. There’s a lot of problem encountered by PSO in Implementing
traffic rules and regulation.
5. There are potential measures that can be instituted to improve
the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City.
Importance of the Study
This study is deemed important to the following: Public Safety Office. This study will enable the PSO to become more effective and efficient in disseminating the Traffic Rules and
Regulation to reduce traffic accidents and congestion.
Land Transportation Office. This study will give an insight to the
LTO an appropriate measure to utilize for the improvement of the dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation.
Community. This will provide awareness to the community of the level of the dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation and encourage them to participate in increasing the level of information dissemination to lessen traffic incidents.
Drivers. This will help them to realize the importance of Traffic
Rules and Regulation and be able to increase their cooperation for their safety and for the passengers.
Future Researchers. This study will serve as basis for future researchers to expound the level of dissemination of Traffic Rules and
Regulation and be able to arrive to a related variable to improve it.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is centred on the level of implementation of the Traffic
Rules and Regulation of the Public Safety Office in Naga City. There were 84 personnel in the Public Safety Office; the researcher selected the personnel who are the field of Traffic Management Section were chosen to perceived the problems encountered by the agency in the implementation of it. The researcher also randomly selected tricycle; jeepney drivers and pedestrian were chosen as respondents to know the level of implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation.
Definition of Terms
In order to have an understandable view of this study, following terms are defined conceptually and operationally:
PSO Personnel. They are employees of Public Safety Office who are responsible in the managing the road traffic system in Naga City.
They are contractual, regular, job order and casual employees.
Dissemination. The act of distribution and spreading the knowledge on traffic rules and regulation.
Implementation.The process of putting into practice certain rules and regulation. Traffic Rules and Regulation. These are the guidelines to be followed by motorists and pedestrians.
Congestion.The overcrowding of vehicles resulting to vehicle jamming or traffic.
Traffic.A situation in which large numbers of road vehicles are prevented from moving or proceeding to their destination freely.
Investigation .A comprehensiveinspection in order to determine the facts about the present status of the level of information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation.
Drivers. This refers to an individual who operates a motor vehicle.
Pedestrian. This term refers to the people walking along the road.
Padjak. This refers to a three-wheeled vehicle used as a means of transportation in some areas in Naga City. Notes
Sigua, R. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, University of the
Philippines Press
Shopov, M. Assessment of Road Safety in the ASEAN REGION
Tolentino, Francis People Centric Intelligent Cities, Manila Bulletin
Lee, Morgan. The Effects of Traffic Congestion, Demand Media
www.wikipilipinas.com CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the literature and studies significant to this study. The researchers conducted a thorough search in the libraries to look for books, magazines, and newspapers to gather related literature and studies connected to this study. This chapter presents the theories used in the theoretical framework and also the conceptual framework.
Causes of Traffic
Kerner wrote that uncontrolled traffic comes in the absence of lane markings and traffic control signals. On roads without marked lanes, drivers tend to keep to the appropriate side if the road is wide enough. Drivers frequently overtake others. Obstructions are common.
Intersections that have no signals or signage, and a particular road at a busy intersection may be dominant. In some places traffic volume is consistently, extremely large, either during periods of time referred to as rush hour. Exceptionally, traffic upstream of a vehicular collision or an obstruction, such as construction, may also be constrained, resulting in a traffic jam. Such dynamics in relation to traffic congestion is known as traffic flow. Traffic engineers sometimes gauge the quality of traffic flow in terms of level of service.
Based from a speech in Vienna Convention on Road Signs and
Signals. As a general rule, drivers are expected to avoid a collision with another vehicle and pedestrians. In addition to the rules applicable by default, traffic signs and traffic lights must be obeyed, and instructions may be given by a police officer, either routinely or as road traffic control around a construction zone, accident, or other road disruption.
Signs, signals, markings and other features are often used to make priority explicit. When there are no signs or markings, different rules are observed depending on the location. These default priority rules differ between countries, and may even vary within countries. Trends toward uniformity are exemplified at an international level by the, which prescribes standardized traffic control devices (signs, signals, and markings) for establishing the right of way where necessary.
Effects of Traffic Accidents and Congestion
Based from study conducted by UP Diliman (2012),, Traffic congestion has cost the economy quite heavily in terms of the slowdown in the movement of goods and delivery of services, increased vehicle operating costs, and otherwise productive man-hours consumed as travel time, which may be quantified. The daily strain on the quality of life of the urban populace, including the labor force, students, and other regular commuters, may be difficult to quantify but they cannot be ignored. Moreover, the negative impact of traffic congestion on public health and the environment is expected to translate to economic costs in the long run. Therefore there is a need to introduce more efficient alternative public transport modes to curb the increasing number of private cars.
Lim-Quizon( 2003 )revealed in his study that numerous number of death in the Philippines is attributed to road traffic accidents. This problem of is expected to be more serious for the other types of accidents, namely, injuries and property damage only accidents. The record of road accident fatalities revealed different factors including the low information dissemination of the traffic rules and regulation. How to Reduce Traffic Accidents and Congestion
According to Sigua (2008 )traffic management is a term used to embody the activities undertaken by a highway transportation agency to improve roadway system safety, efficiency, and effectiveness for both providers and consumers of transportation services. There are two distinct types of traffic management. The first one utilizes traditional traffic engineering tools or simple devices to regulate or control traffic. The second relies more on advanced technology.
According to Derek Jensen,( 1995 )there are ten ways in reducing traffic fatalities. These are:
a. Improve signage
Every motorist is trying to get somewhere, and many of them aren't sure how to get there. While interstate signage is more or less uniformly good in that it is more or less uniform, rural highway and suburban signage is often quite poor.
b. Raise speed limits on safe roads
This would be cheap and effective. By and large, major interstates are broad, well-maintained, smooth-flowing, and well- marked. Raising the speed limit on these roads for cars in daytime and good weather, would encourage motorists to leave dangerous back roads where they know they can drive fast because of limited police patrols. Moving traffic from back roads to major highways was a factor in the decrease of traffic accidents.
c. Get drunk drivers off the road
Similarly cheap and similarly effective, discouraging people from driving drunk or otherwise impaired is a proven method of reducing traffic accidents.
d. Implement better roadway lighting
One major factor in motor accidents is poor visibility especially at intersections, where most accidents occur. If more rural highway intersections were lit, accidents at those intersections would go down.
Target intersections with a history of accidents first for best effect and least cost.
e. Create more turn-only lanes
Every car that is stopped in the road to make a turn is an accident waiting to happen. An impaired or inattentive driver colliding with a car preparing for a turn is a major percentage of traffic accidents. Turn-only lanes require little extra roadway but can reduce accidents significantly, especially at intersections with poor visibility for oncoming traffic.
f. Improve driving conditions Bad weather always causes a spike in traffic accidents and the cause often gets labelled as "driving too fast for conditions." State transportation departments could greatly reduce accidents by improving crumbling and pot-holed roads and clearing roads of debris, snow, and ice more efficiently.
g. Eliminate stops
Highways are for driving. Any feature that brings all traffic from
70 MPH to 0 MPH is a 10-car pileup waiting to happen as well as a woefully inefficient use of roadway. On urban and suburban roads, creating better crosswalks with warning lights that pedestrians can activate can reduce pedestrian traffic accidents significantly.
h. Create more divided highways
Any road in which a median separates oncoming lanes of traffic is far safer than ordinary roads. It creates a barrier or buffer that goes a long way toward keeping inattentive and impaired drivers from drifting across the center line and creating a head-on collision, which is nearly always fatal.
i. Redesign bad intersections
If a crosswalk or lighting doesn't do the trick, a troublesome intersection may simply be designed badly. Paring back vegetation and signage, changing the angle at which the roads meet, or creating a jug handle or overpass are all options that can change the dynamics of traffic at that intersection and save lives.
j. Redesign bad roads
Redesigned whenever there is an opportunity and when traffic snarls and accidents make it urgent. Just designating a highway as a limited-access highway can reduce suburban sprawl around them and avoid the installation of stop lights.
Improvements to vehicle safety, such as side-impact airbags, would also help, but are hard to mandate. Teaching young people to drive earlier using go-karts would also help by enabling them to better understand the limits of traction and the need for attention to the road.
And vehicle safety inspections, although hard to implement, would help to reduce dangerous highway breakdowns.
Wenzhe Chen (2012)emphasized that analysis for the road traffic accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic accidents. All types of traffic into the causes and recommends a system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co- ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties ofa traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious ecological city transport network.
Dhilemon wrote that nowadays, the rate of road accidents keeps increasing. This may be due to the increase in the number of people using cars. This problem can be solved using three steps which are law enforcement, education and by improving the road. Road accidents can be reduced and solved by enforcing the law. The authorities should make the traffic laws stricter. Punishment for those who disobeys the traffic rule should be more threatening. The reason people keep disobeying traffic rule is because they do not feel the punishment as a threat. More policemen should be assigned for the enforcement of these laws. Other than that, the infrastructure on the road can also be improved. More overhead bridges should be built. Building overhead bridges can reduce traffic jams thus reducing the risk of accidents.
Roads could be widened. Widening the roads can reduce traffic congestion.
Francis Tolentino of Manila Bulletin wrote a news report that for the improvement of traffic management in Manila the MMDA, the agency primarily responsible in managing the daily concerns of the metropolis, despite of the modest budget given to us every year, we still manage to incorporate technology in our services which have become integral to the daily lives of Metro Manilans. The goal of the project is to create a people-centric metropolis to benefit as many people possible through the use of technology that will eventually result in the increased productivity, inclusivity, and resiliency of the population. Cities around the world use technology to manage urban congestion, maximize energy efficiency, enhance public security. The
MMDA launched the country’s first digitized traffic navigator in partnership with a major TV network. This application provides users with real time traffic information. Aside from it, it also provides information of on-going construction activities, road accidents and flooding that causes heavy traffic congestion in a particular area.
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art This study is corresponding to the stated related literature and studies because they gave stressed on the traffic rules and regulation and suggestive measures in reducing traffic accidents and congestion which composed of the study of Dhilemon, Sigua, Shapov, Francis
Tolentino, Wenzhe Chen and Derek Jensen.
The study of Sigua and Shappov pointed out the implementation of the rules and regulation to make the traffic more organized. These established direct contact to the driver and help making ride easy and controlled by delivering information which complements the laws, guiding directions, speed limits and parking zone.
According to Dhilemon he cited that road safety campaigns should be organized. By organizing campaigns, the will participate more and active thus providing them information on how important is to obey traffic rules and safety.
Gap Bridged of this Study
This study wanted to create a progress in the level of information dissemination of traffic rules and regulation by suggesting a program that will enhance it to lessen traffic accidents and congestion. This study also intended to boost the positive reception of the community for the efforts of the PSO and the other traffic agencies in improving the traffic management.
This study also searched for possible measures on the usual problems encountered by the PSO in disseminating traffic rules and regulation.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of the study is shown in Figure 1. This study is associated with B.F. Skinner’s Behaviorism theory and Albert
Bandura’s social learning theory.
Behaviorism Theory B. F.Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning.
Skinner's theory of operant conditioning was based onE.Thorndike ‘s theory known as the 'Law of Effect.Skinner introduced a new term into the Law of Effect - Reinforcement. Behavior which is reinforced tends to be repeated; behavior which is not reinforced tends to die out-or be extinguished.
B.F. Skinner coined the term operant conditioning. It means roughly changing of behavior by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response.
According to Skinner, positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding.
The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer can also strengthen behavior.
This is known as negative reinforcement because it is the removal of an adverse stimulus which is rewarding. Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience. Punishment is defined as the opposite of reinforcement since it is designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it. Like reinforcement, punishment can work either by directly applying an unpleasant stimulus like a shock after a response or by removing a potentially rewarding stimulus. There are different types of positive reinforcements. Primary reinforcement is when a reward strengths a behavior by itself. Secondary reinforcement is when something strengthens a behavior because it leads to a primary reinforce.
Social Learning Theory
In social cognitive/ learning theory of Albert Bandura, human behavior is extensively motivated and regulated by the ongoing exercise of self- influence. The major self- regulative mechanism operates through three principal subfunctions. These include self- monitoring of one’s behavior, its determinants and its effects; judgment of one’s behavior in relation to personal standards and environmental circumstances; and affective self- reaction. Self- regulation also encompasses the self- efficacy mechanism, which plays a central role in the exercise of personal agency by its strong impact on thought, affect, motivation, and action. The same self-regulative system is involvedin moral conduct. In social learning system, new patterns of behavior can be acquired through direct experience or by observing the behaviors of others. The more rudimentary form of learning is rooted in direct experience, is largely governed by the rewarding and punishing consequences that follow any given action. People are repeatedly confronted with situations wherein they must deal with. It commonly believed that responses are automatically and unconsciously strengthened by their immediate consequences. Simple performances can be altered to some degree through reinforcement without awareness of the relationship between one’s actions and their outcomes. However, man’s cognitive skills enable him to profit more extensively from experience than if he were an unthinking organism.
Within the framework of social learning theory, reinforcement primarily serves informative functions although it also has response- strengthening capabilities.
As used in this study,negative reinforcement strengthens behavior. Traffic rules and regulation are implemented to avoid traffic accidents and congestion. People are ought to follow these rules or else they will be consequences for the violations they will commit. As a result, for them not to do such consequences, they will follow the rules and regulations mandated by the law. Another thing is positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence to an individual who finds it rewarding and as for the Public Safety Office personnel, it is their duty disseminate traffic rules and regulations.
Good implementation of traffic rules and regulation and high level of information dissemination will reduce traffic accident and congestion.
This will be rewarding on their part and they will continue to effectively do their job.
People learn by direct experience or by social observation as stated in Albert Bandura’s theory. Drivers and Traffic enforcers learn the causes of congestion and traffic accidents through direct experience in driving and observation of what things are needed to avoid such results. Following rules or disregarding it may cause responses in punishing or rewarding way.
These theories gave the researchers the ideas to come up with a theory about the level of information dissemination of the traffic rules and regulation. Behaviorism Theory Participation in (B. F Skinner)(1905) the suggested implementing Positive and Negative measures to Reinforcement improve the level Level of implementation of of traffic rules and implementation Social Learning Theory regulation in Naga City of traffic rules and (Albert Bandura)(1977) regulation
Direct experience and Social Observation Figure.1
THEORETICAL PARADIGM
Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework present the analytical tool used in the study and shows the possible result of this study.
Input This study seeks to identify the level of information dissemination of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City. There are some factors that the researchers thought of in order to attain the objective. One of these is the identification of the level of information
dissemination of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City to lessen
traffic accidents and congestion. Next is how the drivers see the traffic
rules and regulation. And lastly is the identification of problems
encountered of the PSO in implementing the traffic rules and
regulation.
Process The procedure startedwith a letter sent to the head of the
PSO for the approval of conducting the study, followed by gathering
the data using a questionnaire, observations and unstructured
interviews. Gathered information was calculated through percentage
technique and weighted mean. The data gathered was interpreted.
Output The result of the interpreted data was used to arrive to a
suggestive measure will be given to improve the implementation of
traffic rules and regulation
1. The level of 1. Gathering of Program that will information data improve the level Questionnaire disseminati of implementation Unstructured on of the of Traffic Rules Input interview Process Traffic Rules and Regulation in and Observation Output Naga City Regulation 2. Processing of by the PSO data 2. How drivers Percentage and technique pedestrian Weighted perceive mean the traffic 3. Interpretation rules and of data regulation FEEDBACK
Figure 2
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
Notes
Sigua, R. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, University of the
Philippines Press Shopov, M. Assessment of Road Safety in the ASEAN REGION
Sigua, R.Generation and dissemination of Traffic Information
University of the Philippines Press
Jensen, Derek ,How to Reduce Traffic Accidents
Tolentino, Francis People Centric Intelligent Cities, Manila Bulletin
UP Diliman, Economic Impact of Traffic Congestion in Metro
Manila
Lee, Morgan. The Effects of Traffic Congestion, Demand Media
www.albert.bandura.com
www.behaviorist.skinner
CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURE This chapter presents the research methodology used in this study.
Methods used
Descriptive method is used to interpret the data of this study.
Descriptive in the sense that the present condition related to the level of information dissemination of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City is presented in descriptive form.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study were the personnel of the Public
Safety Office of Naga City. There are 47 casual employees 3 contractual, 11 regular employees and 23 job order personnel in their department. The researcher randomly selected 30 drivers which are 15 tricycle 15 jeepneydrivers and 15 pedestrians. All of these personnel were selected as respondents to this study.
Table 1 Distribution of the Study
Respondents Frequency Percentage Casual 47 37.30 Regular 11 8.73 Job order 23 18.25 Tricycle Driver 15 11.90 Jeepney Driver 15 11.90 Pedestrians 15 11.90 Total 126 100% Procedure of Investigation A letter was sent to seek for the approval of the head of the
Public Safety Office for the researchers to conduct the study. A questionnaire was constructed by the researchers and given to the respondents to answer. The researchers were not able to conduct a sampling procedure because of the insufficient time they have in conducting the study. However, the distribution of questionnaire was personally done by the researchers to retrieve the data immediately.
This gave the opportunity to the researchers to conduct an observation and the unstructured interview to support the data from the questionnaires. The questionnaires were gathered to get the result of the procedure. The result was treated and interpreted with an appropriate statistical tool.
Data Gathering Tools
There were three tools used the data gathering. These are the questionnaire, observation and unconstructed interview.
Questionnaire. This primary tool in data gathering asked for the level of information dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation.
Observation. This method was used to study and take note of the physical and mental behavior of the respondents.
Unstructured Interview. These were the attention-grabbing facts that were used by the researchers to supplement the data from the questionnaire. Statistical Tool
There were two statistical tool used in this study, the percentage technique, and the weighted mean.
Percentage Technique. The frequency of each item is multiplied by 100 and then divided by the total number of respondents. The formula is:
P= f X 100 n where:
P= is the percentage
f= is the frequency
n= is the total number of respondents
Weighted Mean. This tool was used to find out the level of information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation through the responses of the respondentsThe formula is:
MW= ∑fx n where:
MW= is the weighted mean
∑= is the summation
f= frequency
x= is the total number of the responses
n=is the total number of respondents CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the result of this study, as well as the interpretation derived from the products of the document analysis, questionnaire, to the respondents.
Profile of Traffic Accident in Naga City
Table 2
“Vehicular Incident in Naga City C/Y 2013-2014”
2014 Period 2013 Total % R Barangay Frq % Frq %
Pacol 58 17.42 36 9.78 94 13.4 1 1
San Felipe 34 10.21 28 7.61 62 8.84 2
Concepcion Pequeña 19 5.71 40 10.87 59 8.42 3
Carolina 22 6.60 29 7.88 51 7.28 4.5
Concepcion Grande 20 6.06 31 8.42 51 7.28 4.5
Cararayan 20 6.06 30 8.15 50 7.13 6
Bagumbayan Sur 21 6.31 21 5.71 42 6.10 7
Del Rosario 20 6.06 17 4.62 37 5.28 8
Peñafrancia 22 6.61 10 2.72 32 4.56 9
Mabolo 12 3.60 17 4.62 29 4.14 10
Balatas 13 3.90 13 3.53 26 3.71 11 Tabuco 13 3.90 8 2.17 21 3.00 12
Panicuason 4 1.20 13 3.52 17 2.42 13
Dayangdang 9 2.70 6 1.63 15 2.14 14
Abella 4 1.20 10 2.72 14 2.01 15
Sta. Cruz 4 1.20 8 2.17 12 1.71 16. 5
Liboton 3 0.90 9 2.45 12 1.71 16. 5
San Insidro 5 1.50 4 1.08 9 1.28 18. 5
Trianglo 6 1.80 3 0.82 9 1.28 18. 5
San Francisco 2 0.60 6 1.63 8 1.14 20
Calauag 7 2.10 0 0.00 7 1.00 21. 5
Igualdad 2 0.60 5 1.36 7 1.00 21. 5
Sabang 1 0.30 4 1.09 5 0.71 23. 5
Tinago 2 0.60 3 0.82 5 0.71 23. 5
Dinaga 1 0.30 3 0.82 4 0.57 25
Lerma 0 0.00 2 0.54 2 0.28 26 TOTAL 333 100 368 100 701 100
Pacol was the accident prone area in Naga City with ninety four
(94) vehicular accidents was recorder in the year 2013-2014 Pacol was the upper barangay in Naga City with the percentage of thirteen point forty one (13.41%). Bagumbayan Sur had also forty two (42) vehicular accident was recorded with the percentage of six point ten (6.10%).
Del Rosario was also an upper barangay but less vehicular accident was recorded than Pacol with thirty seven (37) with the percentage of five point twenty eight (5.28). Then Tinago, Dinaga and Lerma is the least vehicular accident barangay in Naga City with almost five to two were recorded traffic accident by the Public Safety office in Naga City.
Table 3
Level of Implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation
Indicators Tricycl Jeep Pedes AWM Inte R. e . . Driver’s License 3.17 3.90 3.33 3.47 VSI 1 Suspension for serious offenders Penalties for Traffic 3.07 3.57 3.07 3.24 SI 2 Offenders Alcohol Breathalyzer 3.17 3.33 3.2 3.23 SI 3 test Enforcing Speed 3.10 3.20 3.33 3.21 SI 4 Limits Bicycle lanes 3.20 3.40 2.93 3.18 SI 5 Enforcing tail gating 3.00 2.83 3.53 3.12 SI 6 Pedestrian path 2.97 3.17 3.13 3.09 SI 7 Mandatory headlights 3.07 3.23 2.93 3.08 SI 8 Mandatory helmets 2.93 3.40 3.06 3.03 SI 9 Children’s seat 2.93 2.70 3.13 2.92 SI 10 Traffic lights for 2.80 2.20 3.06 2.69 SI 11 pedestrian crossing Total 3.04 3.18 3.15 3.12 SI Legend: 3.26-4.00 Very Strictly Implemented (VSI) - 2.51- 3.25 Strictly Implemented (SI) - 1.76- 2.50 Less Implemented (LI) - 1.00- 1.75 Least Implemented (LtI) Table 3.This table shows the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City as perceived by selected tricycle, jeepney drivers and pedestrian which is always in the road of Naga.
Driver’s license suspension for serious offenders was top among this rules and regulation with three point forty seven (3.47) which is very strictly implemented. Children seat’s in naga city is strictly implemented with the rank of 10 with awm of two point ninety two
(2.92). Traffic light for pedestrians crossing was last among the rules and regulation implemented in Naga City as perceived by the selected tricycle, jeepney drivers and pedestrian of Naga with the awm of two point sixty nine which is Strictly Implemented by the PSO.
Table 4
Commonly Committed Traffic Violations in Naga City C/Y 2013
Common Violation Frq. % Rank Driving without license 213 12.39 1 Expired license 154 8.96 2 Illegal Parking 151 8.78 3 Loading/Unloading 145 8.44 4 No crash helmet 140 8.14 5 No ID/Expired ID 138 8.03 6 Noncompliance to traffic rules 137 7.97 7 Student Permit 135 7.85 8 Unregistered 130 7.56 9 trimobile/padyak/bicycle Wearing of slippers/short/sando 129 7.50 10 Wheel clamp ordinance 126 7.33 11 (Motorcycle) Wheel clamp ordinance (4 wheels) 121 7.04 12 Total 1719 100% Table 4. This table shows the commonly committed traffic violation in
Naga City in the year 2013. Driving without license were top among the violation committed with two hundred thirteen were recorded by the public safety office of naga city with percentage of twelve point thirty nine and driving with the expired license which is second to the common traffic violation committed in naga city with almost one hundred fifty four violator drive a vehicle with expired license with the percentage of eight point ninety six and the violation of wheel clamp ordinance for motorcycle is the latter violation committed in naga city with nearly one twenty six driver park illegally in the city of naga and also wheel clamp for the 4 wheels vehicle with almost one twenty one cars violated the wheel clamp ordinance here in naga city.
Table 5
Commonly Committed Traffic Violations in Naga City C/Y 2014
Common Violation Frq. % Rank Expired license 220 12.63 1 Driving without license 193 11.06 2 No crash helmet 186 10.68 3 Loading/Unloading 175 10.05 4 Student Permit 168 9.64 5 No ID/Expired ID 161 9.24 6 Noncompliance to traffic rules 153 8.78 7 Illegal Parking 146 8.38 8 Unregistered 132 7.58 9 trimobile/padyak/bicycle Wheel clamp ordinance (4 wheels) 113 6.49 11 Wheel clamp ordinance (Motorcycle) 95 5.45 12 Total 1742 100% Table 5. This table show the common traffic violation committed in naga city. Expired license was top among the violation committed in naga city with almost two hundred twenty (220) was recorded by the
Public Safety Office of Naga with twelve point sixty three and driving with student license was on rank five in the common traffic violation committed in naga city with one hundred sixty eight (168) with nine point sixty four (9.64) and Wheel clamp ordinance in motorcycle was last among the traffic violation committed in naga city with 95 motorcycle violated this ordinance with percentage of five point forty five.
Problems encountered by PSO in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation
The next table presents the problems encountered by the PSO
Naga City in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulations in Naga
City.
Table 5
Problems encountered by PSO in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation
Problems encountered by PSO WM Interpretation Rank Lack of personnel 3.80 VSP 1 Insufficient trainings and seminars 3.10 SI 2 for personnel Not enough Road signs and 2.75 SI 3 signals Lack of trainings and seminars for 2.65 SI 4 drivers and pedestrians. Inadequate road space especially 2.12 LI 5 during peak hours . Total 2.88 SI Legend: 3.26-4.00 Very Serious Problem (VSP) 2.51- 3.25 Serious (S) 1.76- 2.50 Less Serious (LS) 1.00- 1.75 Least Serious (LtS)
The table revealed that the problem on lack of personnel ranked first with the weighted mean of 3.80 and interpreted as very serious.
Insufficient trainings and seminars for personnel ranked second with weighted mean of 3.10 and interpreted as serious. Not enough Road signs and signals ranked third with the weighted mean of 2.75 and interpreted as serious. Lack of trainings and seminars for drivers and pedestrians ranked fourth with the weighted mean of 2.65 and interpreted as serious. Inadequate road space especially during peak hours ranked fifth with the weighted mean of 2.12 and interpreted as moderately serious. The researchers deduce from the results that the
PSO has serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and
Regulation in Naga City with 2.88 weighted mean.
Wenzhe Chen emphasized that analysis for the road traffic accident is the dissemination of summary analysis of road traffic accidents. All types of traffic into the causes and recommends a system can reduce the effective theory of road traffic accidents. Road traffic safety depends on people, vehicles, roads, environment and road traffic management in all aspects of an integrated system for co- ordination. Characteristics for the occurrence of traffic accidents, road traffic accident on an analysis and research of the impact-spread of road traffic accident, to investigate the microscopic properties ofa traffic accident on the traffic flow, emissions, noise impact and the dissemination of the law, analyzing the past, the scene of the accident the speed of other vehicles and drivers of the physical distribution psychological reaction to speed up the disposal of road traffic accidents, to reduce road traffic accidents on traffic flow and avoid the second derivative disasters, the elimination of road accident black spots, build a smart urban road traffic command system, to reduce pollutants in automobile exhaust emissions to protect the natural ecological environment, thus contributing to building a harmonious ecological city transport network.
Measures that can be constituted to improve the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City
The researchers recommend the following: (1) The Public Safety Office as the agency which is in charge of implementing the Traffic Rules and
Regulation in Naga City should have a strong collaboration through an open communication with other agencies such as Land Transportation
Office and the Department of Public Ways and Highways along with the
Local Government of Naga City. (2) the Local Government should provide support in implementing the Trafic Rules and Regulation by giving out funds for hiring qualified traffic enforcer and identify those personnel who are involve in bribery and give them the proper sanction to strengthen the manpower of the agency. (3) The PSO along with the Local Government should work together with the Department of Education to include in their lesson information about Traffic Rules and Regulation.
PROJECT PROPOSAL
TITLE OF THE ACTIVITY: TRAFFIC RULES AND ROAD SAFETY
THEME: Driver Enhancement Program
PROPONENT: RUSTY REMOROZA
KIMUEL PONTANILLA
DHAN ANTHONY PALLES
MC KEVIN PUSO
TARGET PARTICIPANTS : Selected Public Utility Vehicle Driver
EXPECTED PARTICIPANTS: 40
VENUE: Naga College Foundation BUDGET: P 1,450.00
This seminar is designed to inform the Public Safety Office about the result of the study conducted by the researcher.
The research titled “Traffic Rules And Regulation Implementation
In Naga City ”, made by proponent revealed that based on the findings it was conclude that the Public Safety Office had a very serious problem encountered in their implementation of traffic rules and regulation which indicates that these areas should be given additional attention to address these problem.
This finding was based on the analyzed date of the questionnaire given to the respondent. The researcher recommends that coordinates with the BFP to conduct firefighting tactics to the volunteer fire brigade of Naga City.
I – DISCUSSION
Safety measure in Naga City has been organized for giving protection to the people for the purpose of safety. Certain practices such as road safety, incident stabilization and property conservation, while others, such as defensive driving such as when a human life is at stake an interior attack is mandated and Dependent on jurisdiction, driver age, road type and vehicle type, motor vehicle drivers may be required to pass a driving test (public transport and goods vehicle drivers may need additional training and licensing), conform to restrictions on driving after consuming alcohol or various drugs, comply with restrictions on use of mobile phones, be covered by compulsory insurance, wear seat belts and comply with certain speed limits. Motorcycle riders may additionally be compelled to wear a motorcycle helmet.
II – OBJECTIVE:
This seminar aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of Public
Utility Driver and how to respond follow the traffic rules and regulation without prejudice.
III – EXPECTED OUTPUT
At the end of the seminar the participants are expected to be able:
1. Follow the traffic rule and regulation implemented in Naga City 2. Can inform his/her family about the traffic rule and regulation
here in Naga City.
IV – METHODOLOGY
All topics will be presented and discussed
III – PROGRAM “Fire Run”
TIME ACTIVITY PERSON INVOLVED 7:00 – 8:00 Registration Kimuel Pontanilla 8:00 – 9:00 Opening Program Dhan Anthony Palles Invocation National Anthem Welcome and Opening Remars 9:00 – 10:00 Key note Address: Mr. Nicasio Garcia Traffic Rules and Regulation 10:00 – 10:30 Snack 10:30 – 11:30 Open Forum Mr. Nicasio Garcia and Participants 11:30 – 12:00 Closing program and Dr. Marilyn F. Balares closing remarks Awarding of Certificates of Appreciation and Participation
IV – BUDGETARY REQUIRMENT
PARTICULA UNIT UNIT COST NO. of UNITS AMOUNT
R Streamers Pieces 250.00 1 250.00 Certificates Copies 50 41 500.00 Plaque Speakers 200 1 200.00 Token Speakers 200 1 200.00 Snacks Speaker and 30 40 300
Participants Total 1450.00 V – EVALUATION
Evaluation will be administered at the end of the seminar to measure it effects
VI - RECOGNITION
Certification to the winner will be awarded to the participants.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMMENDATION
This chapter represents the summary of findings of this study that arrived to the findings, conclusion and recommendation of the researchers.
Summary
The researchers conducted the study to answer the following specific questions: (1) What is the traffic accident profile in Naga City?
(2) What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in
Naga City? (3) What are the perceived problems encountered by the
PSO in implementing the traffic rules and regulation? (4) What measures can be proposed to improve the level of implementation of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City?
Descriptive method is used in this study to interpret the data. It is descriptive in the sense that the present condition related to the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City is presented in descriptive form.
A questionnaire was constructed by the researchers and given to the respondents to answer. The researchers were not able to conduct a sampling procedure because of the insufficient time they have in conducting the study. However, the distribution of questionnaire was personally done by the researchers to retrieve the data immediately. It gave the researchers the opportunity to conduct an observation and the unstructured interview to support the data from the questionnaires.
The level of information dissemination and how drivers, pedestrian perceived the traffic rules and regulation and the problems encountered were treated with weighted mean. Percentage technique was used to treat the data of the respondents. The findings were used to draw measures that can be constituted to improve the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City
Problem 1.What is the traffic accident statistic in Naga City?
Finding The study revaealed the findings that Pacol was the accident prone area in Naga City with ninety four (94) vehicular accidents was recorder in the year 2013-2014 Pacol was the upper barangay in Naga
City with the percentage of thirteen point forty one (13.41%).
Bagumbayan Sur had also forty two (42) vehicular accident was recorded with the percentage of six point ten (6.10%). Del Rosario was also an upper barangay but less vehicular accident was recorded than
Pacol with thirty seven (37) with the percentage of five point twenty eight (5.28). Then Tinago, Dinaga and Lerma is the least vehicular accident barangay in Naga City with almost five to two were recorded traffic accident by the Public Safety office in Naga City.
Conclusion
Based on the finding we found out that Pacol is most accident prone barangay in naga city therefore we conclude that PSO should make a plan to address rampant of vehicular accident in barangay pacol.
Recommendation The researcher highly recommend that PSO should mandatory inform or train the divers in defensive driving or safe driving to lessen the Vehicular accident in Naga City.
Problem 2.What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City?
Finding
The implemented rule and regulation in Naga City wherein suspension of driver’s license for serious offenders (AWM 3.47).,
Mandatory headlight (AWM 3.08) and Mandatory helmets (AWM 3.03),
Children seats (AWM 2.92) and lastly Traffic light for pedestrian crossing with the (AWM 2.69)
Conclusion
According to the finding we found out we conclude that Tricycle,
Jeepney Drivers in Naga City perceive the traffic rules and regulation as moderately high. This confirmation that the PSO lack of efficiency on how they are going to decrease traffic and congestion.
Recommendation
The researchers believe that to increase the knowledge of drivers and pedestrian in traffic rules and regulation, the Public Safety Office should be strict and firm in implementing it. Seminars for the pedestrian and drivers will also be a great help to increase their knowledge and at the same time their cooperation in reducing traffic accidents and congestion.
Problem 3. What is the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga
City?
Finding
The table revealed the common traffic violation committed in
Naga City which is Driving without license, Noncompliance of traffic rules, Student Permit, Wheel clamp ordinance (Motorcycle), Wheel clamp ordinance (4 wheels).
Conclusion
The data revealed that there’s a lot of common traffic violation committed in Naga City therefore the researcher concludes that PSO make an strategic planned to lessen the committed traffic violation in
Naga City. Recommendation
The researcher highly recommends that PSO should have a campaign programed to inform the community about the Traffic Rules and Regulation so that it can lessen the commission of the traffic violation in Naga City
Problem 4. What are the problem encountered by PSO in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City?
Finding
The table revealed that the problem on lack of personnel ranked first with the weighted mean of 3.80 and interpreted as very serious..
Lack of trainings and seminars for drivers and pedestrians ranked fourth with the weighted mean of 2.65 and interpreted as serious.
Inadequate road space especially during peak hours ranked fifth with the weighted mean of 2.12 and interpreted as moderately serious. The researchers deduce from the results that the PSO has serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City with 2.88 weighted mean.
Conclusion
The researchers conclude from the results that the PSO has serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City. They have insufficient number of personnel, and seminars for them and for drivers and pedestrian.
Recommendation
Since the result of the findings shows that PSO has serious problems in implementing the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga
City, they should increase the number of their personnel by hiring qualified traffic officers. And before they will be on field work, they should have undergone series of seminars and training and assessment which are along with their field of work. TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATION IMPLEMENTATION IN NAGA CITY
______A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
Naga College Foundation
Naga City
______
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
______
By:
Rusty Remoroza
Kimuel Pontanilla
Dhan Anthony Palles
Mc Kevin Puso
2015