CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Millions of people travel every day. Going to work, school or just going to the mall, whatever the reason is, travelling is a necessity for us. Along with this, traffic has been a part of our daily lives especially during peak hours. It has been the problem of the country since we adapted to change and embraced modernization. Traffic on roads are consist of pedestrians, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances while using the public way for purposes of travel. The occurrence of traffic accidents has a big impact to the community specifically in the safety of the motorists and passengers as well as to our economy. Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic and congestion has negative impacts to the community in different aspects. Time of motorists and passengers are wasted. This delay may result to the late arrival for employment, meetings and education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action and personal loses such as salary deduction for employees as well as the stress brought by the delays. Traffic is also a hindrance during emergencies, blocked traffic may interfereinthe passage of emergency vehicles travelling to their destinations. The stopping and starting in traffic jams burns fuel consumption that costs commuters additional money for fuel. The emissions released by the vehicles during traffic and congestion create air pollution which is a contributor in global warming. Traffic laws govern traffic and regulate vehicles. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. Organized management in cooperation with the drivers and passengers typically produces travel safety. Under Republic Act.No.4136 known as the "Land Transportation and Traffic Code."Section 2. This act shall control, as far as they apply, the registration and operation of motor vehicles and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors, drivers, and similar matters. This act intensifies the concern of the government to improve the traffic safety as well as management in the country. In Naga City, the Public Safety Office (PSO) is the local agency which in charge of the transport and traffic. They implement the law under 93-049 also known as “The Transport and Traffic Code of Naga City.” It is an ordinance amending section 144, an ordinance governing all vehicles and public conveyances in Naga City. The transport department has been entrusted with the responsibility of providing a smooth public transportation system on roads. This department functions by implementing traffic rules and regulations and then monitor and regulate the functioning of the transport in the city. Responsibilities for traffic management, however, should not just be relied upon the government agencies but a collaborative effort among the policy makers, implementers as well as the ordinary people, even children in grade school to senior citizens. Every citizen has to be educated about road traffic safety rules and signs that’s why Rep. Narciso D. Santiago III has filed House Bill 4745 which aims to have a separate subject integrated in the grade school and high school curricula that includes the teaching of road traffic safety rules and signs since young people are the easiest to train. Organized traffic management generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. It typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency. Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic are road construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. A complete breakdown of organization may result in traffic congestion. To avoid complete congestion, rules of the road and driving etiquette are the general practices and procedures that road users should be followed. These rules are applied to all road users. The capacity of the researchers to look into the level of information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City is completely significant to come up with an effective measure to improve it. Statement of the Problem This study determined the problems encountered and the level of implementation of the traffic rules and regulation as well as the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga City, Calendar year 2013-2014. Specially is answered the following question. 1. What is the traffic accident statistic in Naga City? 2. What is the level of implementation of traffic rules and regulation in Naga City? 3. What are the commonly committed traffic violation in Naga City 4. What are the perceived problems encountered by the PSO in implementing the traffic rules and regulation? 5. What measures can be proposed to improve the level of implementation of the traffic rules and regulation in Naga City? Assumption This study assumes that: 1. There is varied traffic accident committed in Naga City from 2013-2014. 2. The perception of the drivers on Traffic Rules and Regulation are different from one another. 3. There are varied of traffic accident committed in Naga City. 4. There’s a lot of problem encountered by PSO in Implementing traffic rules and regulation. 5. There are potential measures that can be instituted to improve the implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation in Naga City. Importance of the Study This study is deemed important to the following: Public Safety Office. This study will enable the PSO to become more effective and efficient in disseminating the Traffic Rules and Regulation to reduce traffic accidents and congestion. Land Transportation Office. This study will give an insight to the LTO an appropriate measure to utilize for the improvement of the dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation. Community. This will provide awareness to the community of the level of the dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation and encourage them to participate in increasing the level of information dissemination to lessen traffic incidents. Drivers. This will help them to realize the importance of Traffic Rules and Regulation and be able to increase their cooperation for their safety and for the passengers. Future Researchers. This study will serve as basis for future researchers to expound the level of dissemination of Traffic Rules and Regulation and be able to arrive to a related variable to improve it. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is centred on the level of implementation of the Traffic Rules and Regulation of the Public Safety Office in Naga City. There were 84 personnel in the Public Safety Office; the researcher selected the personnel who are the field of Traffic Management Section were chosen to perceived the problems encountered by the agency in the implementation of it. The researcher also randomly selected tricycle; jeepney drivers and pedestrian were chosen as respondents to know the level of implementation of Traffic Rules and Regulation. Definition of Terms In order to have an understandable view of this study, following terms are defined conceptually and operationally: PSO Personnel. They are employees of Public Safety Office who are responsible in the managing the road traffic system in Naga City. They are contractual, regular, job order and casual employees. Dissemination. The act of distribution and spreading the knowledge on traffic rules and regulation. Implementation.The process of putting into practice certain rules and regulation. Traffic Rules and Regulation. These are the guidelines to be followed by motorists and pedestrians. Congestion.The overcrowding of vehicles resulting to vehicle jamming or traffic. Traffic.A situation in which large numbers of road vehicles are prevented from moving or proceeding to their destination freely. Investigation .A comprehensiveinspection in order to determine the facts about the present status of the level of information dissemination of the Traffic Rules and Regulation. Drivers. This refers to an individual who operates a motor vehicle. Pedestrian. This term refers to the people walking along the road. Padjak. This refers to a three-wheeled vehicle used as a means of transportation in some areas in Naga City. Notes Sigua, R. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, University of the Philippines Press Shopov, M. Assessment of Road Safety in the ASEAN REGION Tolentino, Francis People Centric Intelligent Cities, Manila Bulletin Lee, Morgan. The Effects of Traffic Congestion, Demand Media www.wikipilipinas.com CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter discusses the literature and studies significant to this study. The researchers conducted a thorough search in the libraries to look for books, magazines, and newspapers to gather related literature and studies connected to this study. This chapter presents the theories used in the theoretical framework and also the conceptual framework. Causes of Traffic Kerner wrote that uncontrolled traffic comes in the absence of lane markings and traffic control signals. On roads without marked lanes, drivers tend to keep to the appropriate side if the road is wide enough. Drivers frequently overtake others. Obstructions are common. Intersections that have no signals or signage, and a particular road at a busy intersection may be dominant. In some places traffic volume is consistently, extremely large, either during periods of time referred to as rush hour. Exceptionally, traffic upstream of a vehicular collision or an obstruction, such as construction, may also