DOCSLIB.ORG

The Roles of Judeo-Arabic in France and Israel: a Preliminary Sociolinguistic Comparison*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Roles of Judeo-Arabic in France and Israel: a Preliminary Sociolinguistic Comparison* Yehudit HENSHKE University of Haifa THE ROLES OF JUDEO-ARABIC IN FRANCE AND ISRAEL: A PRELIMINARY SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPARISON* ABSTRACT This article, which is based on field research in France and Israel, explores the sociolinguistic role of Judeo-Arabic among Jews of North African extraction in France as compared to Israel. Its focus is on this sector in France, and the Israeli context serves as its backdrop. Among the topics discussed are: the speakers’ atti- tude toward Judeo-Arabic, and the limited use of Judeo-Arabic in France, alongside the individual categories in which Judeo-Arabic has been better preserved in France. Also examined were the strategies that influence the use of idioms and aphorisms in France and the role of Judeo-Arabic in Israeli, but not in French, humor. Exami- nation of the Hebrew communal tradition elicited an intriguing insight. This consid- eration clearly showed that whereas features of Hebrew (like pharyngeals) could be preserved by Jews of North African origins in France, the same characteristics were no longer preserved in their Judeo-Arabic. RÉSUMÉ Cet article, fondé sur un large éventail de cas étudiés en France comme en Israël, détermine la place du judéo-arabe dans le langage des juifs originaires d’Afrique du nord et installés en France, ainsi que le rôle de ce dialecte en Israël. L’étude de cas menée en Israël ne sert ici que de point de comparaison, afin de mieux cerner l’état des lieux en France. Notre but est de comprendre comment les locuteurs, en France et en Israël, utilisent leur dialecte judéo-arabe maternel. Si l’on a pu noter qu’en France, l’emploi du judéo-arabe est relativement restreint, certaines de ses expres- sions ou composantes ont été en revanche mieux préservées qu’en Israël. On a également étudié les différentes stratégies qui ont influencé l’usage des expres- sions idiomatiques utilisées en France. En outre, on a constaté la place essentielle du dialecte judéo-arabe dans l’humour israélien, alors qu’on ne peut en dire autant pour l’humour français. Finalement, nous avons eu la surprise de découvrir que, si plusieurs caractéristiques de l’hébreu (comme la prononciation pharyngée) sont pré- servées chez les juifs d’origine nord-africaine en France, ces dernières ne sont plus conservées dans leur dialecte judéo-arabe. * I thank Cyril Aslanov and David Guedj for reading this article and for their instructive comments. I also thank the anonymous readers and the editors of REJ for their suggestions. Revue des études juives, 179 (1-2), janvier-juin 2020, pp. 181-208. doi: 10.2143/REJ.179.1.3287594 182 THE ROLES OF JUDEO-ARABIC IN FRANCE AND ISRAEL The revival of Hebrew as a spoken language saw its transformation from a literary language used in the bet midraš into a spoken one for everyday use. Yet, to date, studies of the development of Modern Hebrew have focused on its classical roots — Bible, rabbinic literature, and medieval Hebrew — devoting far less attention to the contribution of spoken Judeo- languages to Modern Spoken Hebrew; even here the spotlight has been trained on Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish.1 This state of affairs prompted consideration of the role played by the Judeo-Arabic dialects brought to Israel by North African émigrés in the formation of Modern Hebrew. Although most striking in the Israeli socio- geographical periphery, the influence of these dialects is not restricted to the periphery but has spread to General Hebrew as well. By way of determining and tracing the Judeo-Arabic influence on spoken Hebrew, from 2007 on I conducted a field survey based on questionnaires and interviews among a sample population of some 120 native-born Israelis from different geo- graphical regions in Israel, all members of the second, third, or fourth gen- erations to ‘aliya from Islamic lands, North Africa in particular.2 The inter- viewees not only reflected a range of ages, with kindergarten and primary school age children at the lower end of the spectrum, but also a broad range of social statuses, from white- to blue-collar workers. Also taken into account was the spoken and written language of influential figures for whom lan- guage is a tool, such as rabbis, authors, playwrights, poets, and lyricists. Following careful transcription and proofreading, the recorded conversa- tions of the sample population in Israel were subjected to preliminary lin- guistic analysis, tagged, and uploaded to dedicated linguistic analysis soft- ware. During the same timeframe, by way of arriving at a clearer picture of Hebrew/Judeo-Arabic interlingual contact in Israel, I also studied the behav- ior of the same Judeo-Arabic dialects among North African Jewish emigres and their families in France. The French/Judeo-Arabic interlingual contact provided an opportunity for contrastive analysis.3 1. See Y. HENShKE, “The Contribution of the Hebrew Component in Judeo-Languages to the Revival of Spoken Hebrew”, Revue des études juives 172 (2013), p. 169-187. 2. This article is based on a study carried out from 2015 to 2017 with the support of ISF grant 149/14. 3. The influence of French culture on North Africa and the principled distinction between the Jews who emigrated to France and those who emigrated to Israel is well known: see Y. TSUR, “France and the Jews of Tunisia: The Policy of the French Authorities towards the Jews and the Activities of the Jewish Elites during the Period of Transition from Moslem Independent State to Colonial Rule, 1873-1888” (Hebrew), Ph.D. diss., Hebrew University, 1988; Y. TSUR and H. HILLEL, The Jews of Casablanca: Studies in the Modernization of the Political Elite in a Colonial Community (Hebrew), Tel Aviv, 1995; S. DELLA PERGOLA, “The THE ROLES OF JUDEO-ARABIC IN FRANCE AND ISRAEL 183 Two cities with Jewish populations were chosen for the study in France: one peripheral — the coastal city Marseille; one metropolitan — the capital city Paris. In the context of the study, I also examined the language of fami- lies in the Parisian suburbs — Boulogne, Créteil, Maisons-Alfort, Saint Maur, and even Sarcelles — on the assumption that, as for other languages, it would differ from that spoken in the metropolitan center. The French study was multigenerational and three generations of single families were represented in most of the interviews: grandparents — parents — children.4 The sample in France encompassed some 109 men, women, and children of both sexes and represented a broad social, economic, and religious spec- trum.5 The majority of the interviews were conducted in in homes and fam- ily settings; in addition, I also attended family celebrations,6 and visited synagogues,7 schools,8 Jewish stores,9 and restaurants.10 I would like to stress that, although a shared feature of all the members of the sample popu- lation was their belonging to, or descent from, the North African immigra- tion to France that began in the mid-twentieth century, they are nevertheless a varied population. Some display no connection to Jewish tradition and have become completely integrated into French society; others are the Immigration of Algerian Jews and the Absorption in France”, in H. SAAdOUN (ed.), Algeria (Hebrew), Jerusalem, 2011, p. 37-40, and is also definitively exemplified by this field study. Nonetheless, the Israeli and French groups studied here share a broad common denominator. 4. For the names and family relationships of the French informants, see the Appendix. 5. I thank all the participants for their willingness to devote time to conversations and interviews (for their names, see the Appendix). I also thank Yoann Morvan of Aix-en- Provence, Corinne Kadouch of Marseille and the devoted, energetic research assistant Milena Kartowski-Aïach of Paris for their assistance. The socioeconomic spectrum ranged from artists and stage directors, to computer experts, businessmen, collectors and scholars, storeowners (books, clothing, jewelry), restaurant owners, kindergarten teachers, economists, engineers, teachers, bookkeepers, CEOs, university instructors, merchants (wholesale and retail), writers, administrators, blue-collar workers, lawyers and jurists, housewives, psychologists, rabbis and their wives, doctors, seamstresses, and schoolchildren. The religious spectrum, as defined by the interviewees, encompassed secular, traditional, and religious Jews and also children of mixed marriages. 6. A wedding to which I was invited by the rabbi’s wife Chulammith Saadoun, which was celebrated in the Grande Synagogue de la Victoire (Paris); a bar miṣwa held in the KLC (Kehillah lechem chamaim) synagogue in Marseille; and a wedding in a Paris restaurant to which I was invited by Ms. Laurence Hayyat. 7. The KLC synagogue in Marseille, under the leadership of Rabbi Dr. Fenech; the AJJ (Amicale des juifs de Jerba) synagogue in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. 8. The Talmud Torah attached to the KLC synagogue in Marseille; the boys’ school attached to the AJJ in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. 9. I toured the stores and businesses in Cours Belsunce and nearby neighborhoods in Marseille with Dr. Yoann Morvan, whom I thank for taking the time to accompany me. See the section on Commercial Language below. 10. Inun (in Sarcelles), Sagron, Le-kikar, Aviel pâtisserie. 184 THE ROLES OF JUDEO-ARABIC IN FRANCE AND ISRAEL products of mixed marriages between Jews and non-Jews; still others exhibit greater affinity to Jewish tradition and Judaism. The initial findings from this survey are presented here, with implicit and explicit comparisons to the Israeli study. Again, these findings are prelimi- nary and by no means represent an exhaustive treatment of the topic. I note in addition that my interest here lies primarily in sociolinguistic, rather than philological, issues and that the treatment is restricted to the roles of Judeo- Arabic in France as compared to Israel. At this stage of my research, broader topics, such as a comparison to North African Muslim Arabic in France, are outside the scope of the present article.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Memory Trace Fazal Sheikh
    MEMORY TRACE FAZAL SHEIKH 2 3 Front and back cover image: ‚ ‚ 31°50 41”N / 35°13 47”E Israeli side of the Separation Wall on the outskirts of Neve Yaakov and Beit Ḥanīna. Just beyond the wall lies the neighborhood of al-Ram, now severed from East Jerusalem. Inside front and inside back cover image: ‚ ‚ 31°49 10”N / 35°15 59”E Palestinian side of the Separation Wall on the outskirts of the Palestinian town of ʿAnata. The Israeli settlement of Pisgat Ze’ev lies beyond in East Jerusalem. This publication takes its point of departure from Fazal Sheikh’s Memory Trace, the first of his three-volume photographic proj- ect on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Published in the spring of 2015, The Erasure Trilogy is divided into three separate vol- umes—Memory Trace, Desert Bloom, and Independence/Nakba. The project seeks to explore the legacies of the Arab–Israeli War of 1948, which resulted in the dispossession and displacement of three quarters of the Palestinian population, in the establishment of the State of Israel, and in the reconfiguration of territorial borders across the region. Elements of these volumes have been exhibited at the Slought Foundation in Philadelphia, Storefront for Art and Architecture, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and the Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York, and will now be presented at the Al-Ma’mal Foundation for Contemporary Art in East Jerusalem, and the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center in Ramallah. In addition, historical documents and materials related to the history of Al-’Araqīb, a Bedouin village that has been destroyed and rebuilt more than one hundred times in the ongoing “battle over the Negev,” first presented at the Slought Foundation, will be shown at Al-Ma’mal.
    [Show full text]
  • Return of Organization Exempt from Income
    Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Form 990 Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947( a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except black lung benefit trust or private foundation) 2005 Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service ► The o rganization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state re porting requirements. A For the 2005 calendar year , or tax year be and B Check If C Name of organization D Employer Identification number applicable Please use IRS change ta Qachange RICA IS RAEL CULTURAL FOUNDATION 13-1664048 E; a11gne ^ci See Number and street (or P 0. box if mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite E Telephone number 0jretum specific 1 EAST 42ND STREET 1400 212-557-1600 Instruo retum uons City or town , state or country, and ZIP + 4 F nocounwro memos 0 Cash [X ,camel ded On° EW YORK , NY 10017 (sped ► [l^PP°ca"on pending • Section 501 (Il)c 3 organizations and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts H and I are not applicable to section 527 organizations. must attach a completed Schedule A ( Form 990 or 990-EZ). H(a) Is this a group return for affiliates ? Yes OX No G Website : : / /AICF . WEBNET . ORG/ H(b) If 'Yes ,* enter number of affiliates' N/A J Organization type (deckonIyone) ► [ 501(c) ( 3 ) I (insert no ) ] 4947(a)(1) or L] 527 H(c) Are all affiliates included ? N/A Yes E__1 No Is(ITthis , attach a list) K Check here Q the organization' s gross receipts are normally not The 110- if more than $25 ,000 .
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Jerusalem” Has Jerusalem (Including the 1967 Rehavia Occupied and Annexed East Jerusalem) As Its Centre
    4 B?63 B?466 ! np ! 4 B?43 m D"D" np Migron Beituniya B?457 Modi'in Bei!r Im'in Beit Sira IsraelRei'ut-proclaimed “GKharbrathae al Miasbah ter JerusaBeitl 'Uer al Famuqa ” D" Kochav Ya'akov West 'Ein as Sultan Mitzpe Danny Maccabim D" Kochav Ya'akov np Ma'ale Mikhmas A System of Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Deir Quruntul Kochav Ya'akov East ! Kafr 'Aqab Kh. Bwerah Mikhmas ! Beit Horon Duyuk at Tahta B?443 'Ein ad D" Rafat Jericho 'Ajanjul ya At Tira np ya ! Beit Liq Qalandi Kochav Ya'akov South ! Lebanon Neve Erez ¥ ! Qalandiya Giv'at Ze'ev D" a i r Jaba' y 60 Beit Duqqu Al Judeira 60 B? a S Beit Nuba D" B? e Atarot Ind. Zone S Ar Ram Ma'ale Hagit Bir Nabala Geva Binyamin n Al Jib a Beit Nuba Beit 'Anan e ! Giv'on Hahadasha n a r Mevo Horon r Beit Ijza e t B?4 i 3 Dahiyat al Bareed np 6 Jaber d Aqbat e Neve Ya'akov 4 M Yalu B?2 Nitaf 4 !< ! ! Kharayib Umm al Lahim Qatanna Hizma Al Qubeiba ! An Nabi Samwil Ein Prat Biddu el Almon Har Shmu !< Beit Hanina al Balad Kfar Adummim ! Beit Hanina D" 436 Vered Jericho Nataf B? 20 B? gat Ze'ev D" Dayr! Ayyub Pis A 4 1 Tra Beit Surik B?37 !< in Beit Tuul dar ! Har A JLR Beit Iksa Mizpe Jericho !< kfar Adummim !< 21 Ma'ale HaHamisha B? 'Anata !< !< Jordan Shu'fat !< !< A1 Train Ramat Shlomo np Ramot Allon D" Shu'fat !< !< Neve Ilan E1 !< Egypt Abu Ghosh !< B?1 French Hill Mishor Adumim ! B?1 Beit Naqquba !< !< !< ! Beit Nekofa Mevaseret Zion Ramat Eshkol 1 Israeli Police HQ Mesilat Zion B? Al 'Isawiya Lifta a Qulunyia ! Ma'alot Dafna Sho'eva ! !< Motza Sheikh Jarrah !< Motza Illit Mishor Adummim Ind.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine
    Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2017 Volume 21. No 4
    Hashalom February 2017 Established 1923 Volume 21. No 4 March 2014 █ HASHALOM 1 Editorial 02 EDITORIAL Out of Perspective 03 Mishna Impossible 04 OBAMA’S BETRAYAL Israel 05 Prof Antony Arkin ANC’s hateful attacks on Israel show bias and disrespect 05 its own legacy of dialogue President Obama’s refusal to veto UN Security Council Resolution 2334 Fly and feed: Tens of thousands of cranes winter, 05 against Israel on Christmas Eve was an act of betrayal. The Jewish and eat, in Israel’s North human rights organization Simon Wiesenthal Centre ranked it as the Why the sudden hatred of Israel? 06 most anti-semitic, anti-Israel incident in 2016. The resolution calls the Israel vote was an affront to all New Zealanders 07 settlements a “flagrant violation of international law” and demands an immediate halt to all “settlement” construction beyond the 1949 4 Killed as terrorist plows truck into troops in Jerusalem 08 ceasefire lines. These green lines have been called the “Auschwitz Jewish World 10 borders” because they leave Israel militarily indefensible against its enemies. Resolution 2334 rewrites the cornerstone Resolution 242 Ethiopian Judaism nearly identical to that practiced 10 of 1967 that Israel has the right to live in peace within “secure and during Second Temple Period recognized boundaries” that will include territorial adjustment. Leonardo DiCaprio showcases Israeli solar thermal plant 11 on Instagram Resolution 2334 states that any changes from the green line would not UN vote tops Wiesenthal list of top10 antisemitic, 12 be recognized without mutual agreement. This means the Kotel, the anti-Israel cases in 2016 prayer plaza at the Western Wall, the access roads to Hebrew University and Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus, and the Jewish Quarter of Community News 13 Jerusalem are now all illegally occupied.
    [Show full text]
  • BINYAMIN REGION E-Ramadat a KAFR BARA YEREK 6 Cave 444 SANIRYA DEIR ISTIYA SHOMRON HIGHW CROSS AY AQRABA QARAWAT UZARIN Aqrabim ADAM BANI HASSAN 5066 QIRA ALLON RD
    ELISHEMA 163 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Iraq 16 17 18 E-Rasifa 531 YOKNEAM HORESHIM 60 Fariá et INTCHG. Kane N Gebel El-Mahjara Jiftlik HAGOR 378 57 BEITA ET-TAHTA HORESHIM Kane Tirza ORANIT 90 A NEVE BINYAMIN REGION E-Ramadat A YEREK 6 KAFR BARA Cave 444 SANIRYA DEIR ISTIYA SHOMRON HIGHW CROSS AY AQRABA QARAWAT UZARIN Aqrabim ADAM BANI HASSAN 5066 QIRA ALLON RD. JCT. Rosh SHA’ARE Land of Biblical Heroes Ein T EL Abbu Um Hallal AV Ha’ayin TIKVA QIRYAT 505 IV Sta. EZ 505 Daraj 310 NETAFIM REVAVA KIFL TAPPUAH TAPUAH SCALE E-Zivana 105 5 KAFR EFRAYIM BIDDYA MA’ALE 5076 JCT. 173 Lahf El Lavze Rughim HARIS HARIT E-Sayia KESEM QASIM YISRAEL Km. 1:85,000 90 MARDA 0 1 2 3 INTCHG. 505 261 Ein Garuzliya 5 505 YAKIR YATMA Ras El 329 MASU’A ELQANA BARKAN GADOL JCT. Hafira Um Zalin ROSH HA’AYIN EAST YASUF Kefar Yatma MASU’A MESHA GITAI ARIEL Abbu Zered INTCHG. JCT. JCT. JCT. ORANIT Sha’ar ARIEL Tappuah 508 Ein INTCHG. Shomron SARTA ISKALA El Hafira 308 ROSH HA’AYIN Crossing BARKAN REHELIM KABALAN JURISH Hirbat B Tavill Sartaba Reserve B 483 5 Barkan INTCHG. 4775 NOFE Geresh GITTIT C 319 Ras Sartaba/ GIVAT ROSS 4765 ZAWIYA SHO NEHEMYA Quneitra Alexandriyon HASHLOSHA Quarries MRO N HI 4775 GHW Ariel 320 AY Industry Ancient ROSH 5 Siphon HAAYIN GITTIT MIGDALIM 278 RD. GANDI JCT. JCT. Marah 223 Israel Trail Ein El Madara El Majdal E-Sahlat Gebel ENAT Kurkush SALFIT Cave El Qurin National Park SAWIYA Al Mastara Rava W Migdal Zedek MAJDAL BANI adi BERUKHIN Ein Al Ka 505 FADID HaMe’ara 137 rin Memorial E-Sahin KEFAR RAFAT LUBAN Ariel SIRKIN 444 A-SHARKIYA Grove Levona Allon 505 MA’ALE ALE ZAHAV 4765 Gvura Lookout C ELI 13.
    [Show full text]
  • (EN) שרות ימי עסקים אבו ג'ווייעד )שבט( קבלן קבלן שוג ובא Abu Ghosh +2 תו
    ימי עסקים שרות (City (HE) City (EN קבלן קבלן אבו ג'ווייעד )שבט( 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Abu Ghosh אבו גוש 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Abu Sinan אבו סנאן קבלן קבלן Abu Sarihan אבו סריחאן )שבט( קבלן קבלן Abu Abdun אבו עבדון )שבט( קבלן קבלן Abu Ammar אבו עמאר )שבט( קבלן קבלן אבו עמרה )שבט( קבלן קבלן אבו קורינאת )שבט( קבלן קבלן אבו קרינאת )יישוב( קבלן קבלן אבו רובייעה )שבט( קבלן קבלן Abu Ruqayq אבו רוקייק )שבט( קבלן קבלן אבו תלול 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Ibtin אבטין קבלן קבלן Avtalion אבטליון קבלן קבלן Aviel אביאל קבלן קבלן Avivim אביבים 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Avigdor אביגדור Avihayil אביחיל 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Avital אביטל 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Aviezer אביעזר 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Abirim אבירים קבלן קבלן Even Haayin אבן העזר Even Yehuda אבן יהודה 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Even Menachem אבן מנחם 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Even Sapir אבן ספיר 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Even Shmuel אבן שמואל 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Avnei Eitan אבני איתן קבלן קבלן Avnei Hefetz אבני חפץ קבלן קבלן Avnat אבנת קבלן קבלן Absalom אבשלום קבלן קבלן Adora אדורה קבלן קבלן Adirim אדירים 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Adamit אדמית 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Aderet אדרת Aodim אודים קבלן קבלן Odem אודם קבלן קבלן Ohad אוהד 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Ohalo אוהלו קבלן קבלן אולפני ג.ג קבלן קבלן Umm al-Fahm אום אל-פחם קבלן קבלן Umm al-Qutuf אום אל-קוטוף 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Umm Batin אום בטין קבלן קבלן Omen אומן 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Omets אומץ 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Ofakim אופקים 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Or HaGanuz אור הגנוז 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Or HaNer אור הנר Or Yehuda אור יהודה Or Akiva אור עקיבא 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Ora אורה 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Orot אורות 2+ תוספת ימי עסקים Ortal
    [Show full text]
  • TORAH TO-GO® Established by Rabbi Hyman and Ann Arbesfeld April 2017 • Pesach-Yom Haatzmaut 5777
    Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary Yeshiva University Center for the Jewish Future THE BENJAMIN AND ROSE BERGER TORAH TO-GO® Established by Rabbi Hyman and Ann Arbesfeld April 2017 • Pesach-Yom Haatzmaut 5777 Dedicated in memory of Cantor Jerome L. Simons Featuring Divrei Torah from Rabbi Elchanan Adler • Rabbi Eliezer Barany • Rabbi Dovid Hirsch Mrs. Aliza Abrams Konig •Cantor Macy Nulman zt”l Professor Nechama Price • Rabbi Etan Schnall Collected Hagadah Insights from RIETS Rabbinic Alumni Living In In partnership with Israel Rabbi Shalom Z. Berger Ed.D • Rabbi Yitzchak Blau • Rabbi Dr. Hillel Davis Rabbi Dovid Gottlieb • Rabbi Ari D. Kahn • Rabbi Yitzchok Korn Rabbi Hillel ’97R and Neima Novetsky • Rabbi Dovid Rosman Rabbi Reuven Spolter • Rabbi Moshe Taragin • Rabbi Reuven Tradburks Insights on Yom Haatzmaut from Rabbi Assaf Bednarsh • Rabbi Yehoshua Fass • Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein zt”l Rabbi Daniel Mann • Ilana Turetsky, Ed.D. 1 Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary • The Benjamin and Rose Berger CJF Torah To-Go Series • Pesach-Yom Haatzmaut 5777 We thank the following synagogues which have pledged to be Pillars of the Torah To-Go® project Beth David Synagogue Green Road Synagogue Young Israel of West Hartford, CT Beachwood, OH Century City Los Angeles, CA Beth Jacob Congregation The Jewish Center Beverly Hills, CA New York, NY Young Israel of Bnai Israel – Ohev Zedek Young Israel Beth El of New Hyde Park New Hyde Park, NY Philadelphia, PA Borough Park Koenig Family Foundation Young Israel of Congregation Brooklyn, NY Ahavas Achim Toco Hills Atlanta, GA Highland Park, NJ Young Israel of Lawrence-Cedarhurst Young Israel of Congregation Cedarhurst, NY Shaarei Tefillah West Hartford West Hartford, CT Newton Centre, MA Richard M.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization and Classification of Geographical Units by the Socio-Economic Level of the Population 2015
    מדינת ישראל STATE OF ISRAEL CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL UNITS BY THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVEL OF THE POPULATION 2015 PUBLICATION No. 1765 www.cbs.gov.il Jerusalem, August 2019 Copyright © 2019 The State of Israel CONTENTS PREFACE CREDIT INTRODUCTION A. General B. Geographical Basis and Variables C. Statistical Methodology D. Findings for Local Authorities: Municipalities, Local Councils, and Regional Councils E. Findings for Localities within Regional Councils F. Evaluation of the Socio-Economic Index G. Bibliography Explanatory Notes and Special Symbols in the Tables LOCAL AUTHORITIES DIAGRAMS 1. Distribution of Population of Local Authorities, by Socio-Economic Cluster, 2015 2. Distribution of Number of Local Authorities, by Socio-Economic Cluster, 2015 3. Local Authorities Whose Cluster Changed, 2015 Compared to 2013 MAP – Local Authorities, by Socio-Economic Cluster of the Population, 2015 TABLES 1. Local Authorities, in Alphabetical Order of Hebrew Names: Socio-Economic Index Value 2015, Rank and Cluster, and Variables Used in the Computation of the Index 2. Local Authorities, in Ascending Order of the Socio-Economic Index 2015: Index Value, Rank and Cluster, and Changes Compared to 2013 3. Population Size and Means of Variables Used in the Computation of the Socio-Economic Index 2015 of Local Authorities, by Cluster 4. Variability of Socio-Economic Index Values of Local Authorities Within Cluster, 2015 5. Distribution of Local Authorities, by Population Size and Socio-Economic Cluster, 2015 6. Distribution of Local Authorities, by District and Socio-Economic Cluster, 2015 LOCALITIES WITHIN REGIONAL COUNCILS DIAGRAMS 4. Distribution of Population of Localities Within Regional Councils, by Socio-Economic Cluster, 2015 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2 Super Sunday Set for Nov. 1 B'nai Zion
    Chattanooga Jewish Federation Nonprofit Org. P.O Box 8947 Chattanooga, TN 37411 U.S. Postage Volume 2 PAID Permit No. 63 Chattanooga, TN Deadline for next issue is Nov. 2. Dr. & Mrs. Ron Oxenhandler 24 Hidden Brook Lane Signal Mountain, TN 37377 Number 3 Tlovemfier 1987 CAMPAIGN '88 CAMPAI CAMPAIGN '88....CAMPAIGN '88....CAMPAIGN '88,.., Super Sunday set for Nov. 1 Atlanta's Billie Feinman "You can pay us now or you can pay us later" is a.m. on Sunday, Nov. 1 at Siskin Steel and Supply to address Women's onje of the themes this year's Super Sunday Company and will continue nonstop until 1 p.m. < hairmen Warren Dropkin and Harley Kaufman are There will be a breakfast at 9 a.m. for the workers Division sing to encourage community members to and a training session at 9:30. jmmit themselves early in the campaign. The Women's Division of the Federation's 1988 By having only one session, rather than two Harley and Warren want to exceed the amount Campaign will mark the opening of their drive two-hour sessions as was the case in previous with two appearances by Mrs. Billie Feinman of iledged during last year's Super Sunday campaigns, chairman Warren Dropkin hopes Atlanta-a member of the National United Jewish telephone campaign, but their primary goal is to things will run smoother. "With no break up Appeal's Women's Division Board. ave as many m.embers of the community commit between sessions, it will provide a continuous On the morning of Wednesday, Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax OMB No 154
    i^ Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax OMB No 154. Formt 9 Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947( a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code ( except black lung 200 benefit trust or private foundation ) Pdl Department of the Treasury Open to Internal Revenue Service The organization may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements. gip A For the 2006 calendar year , or tax year beginning and ending B Check if C Name of organization 0 Employer Identification number applicable please use IRS Add- label or ^ Chan ge prlntor ERICA ISRAEL CULTURAL FOUNDATION 13-1664048 =chaannge Number and street (or P.O. box it mail is not delivered to street address) Room/suite E Telephone number Initial See return specific 1 EAST 42ND STREET 400 212-557-1600 Final InsWo Oretum ions City or town, state or country, and ZIP + 4 F Accounting method = Cash [] Accrual othSer R^mtled EW YORK , NY 10017 0 10. Application • pending Section 501 (c)(3) organizations and 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trusts H and I are not applicable to section 527 organizations. must attach a completed Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ). H(a) Is this a group return for affiliates ? =Yes [X No G Website: : / /AICF . WEBNET . ORG/ H(b) It'Yes "enter number of affiliates ► N/A J Organization type (sneakonlyone) ' X 1501(c)( 3 )I (insert no) [] 4947(a)(1) or= 527 H(c) Are all affiliates included? N/A -yes=0 No (If -No,- attach a list) not 509(a)(3) supporting organization and its K Check here ► LJ if the organization is a gross H(d) Is this a separate return filed by an or- receipts are normally not more than $25,000 A return is not required, but if the organization ganlzatlon covered by a group ruling9 F-1 Yes nNn chooses to file a return, be sure to file a complete return I Grou Exem ption Number ► N/A M Check ► If the organization is not required to attach B L Gross receipts, Add lines 6b, Bb, 9b, and 10b to line 12 ► 147 , 350 , 249.
    [Show full text]
  • Jerusalem 1948
    SRAECOND EVISED ND EEXPANDED DITION Salim Tamari Cover Photo: Jerusalem families in Nablus, 1925 This gathering brought together members of prominent Christian and Muslim families from Jerusalem and Jaffa, as well as Nablus. At the center of the gathering, standing, bare- JERUSALEM 1948 headed and in a white suit, is Ya'qub Editor Farraj, the doyen of the Palestinian ACCLAIM FOR THE FIRST EDITION OF Greek Orthodox community, who The fold out map 'JERUSALEM 1948' succeeded Musa Kazem Pasha al- accompanying this volume The Arab Neighbourhoods Huseini as the head of the Palestine Executive Committee at the latter's shows the property distribution in Jerusalem 1948 is an eye-opening, scholarly account of what death in 1934. In the first standing row, Jerusalem, by population Jerusalem was in 1948, before it was conquered by Zionist forces. The and their Fate in the War group, as was documented in revelations focus on what was a vibrantly alive group of preponderantly JERUSALEM 1948 the second gentleman from the left is 1946. This map was produced Palestinian quarters, later emptied of their inhabitants, and re-populated a leader of the Jewish Samaritan by the Palestine Arab Refugee with new residents from elsewhere. A tragic story of loss and community of Nablus. Dr. Hassan Office after 1948. Sami Hadawi, dispossession, told with objectivity and patience, this is the story of Khalidi, a physician, and Suleiman a former official in the Palestine how Israeli West Jerusalem came into existence." Tuqan, later mayor of Nablus and Government Department of --Edward W. Said, Columbia University defense minister in 1958 in the ill-fated Land Settlement, created this Iraqi-Jordanian Confederation, are map based on the Palestine This book presents a series of innovative academic studies that succeed in redefining the third and fourth in the row, the forgotten Palestinian element in western Jerusalem and its environs.
    [Show full text]