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VII—The Early Statutes of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Chichester, with Observations on Its Constitution and History

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VII—The Early Statutes of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Chichester, with Observations on Its Constitution and History VII—The Early Statutes of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Chichester, with Observations on its Constitution and History. By MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, B.D. F.S.A., Prcecentor of Chichester. Read May 7, 1874. THE earliest copy of the Statutes of the Cathedral Church of Chichester occurs in the Dean's Book, a MS. marked 148, now in the library of University College, Oxford, which formerly belonged to Gerard Langbaine, Provost of Queen's College, and was given in 1692 by Maria Langbaine, widow of his son Gerald Langbaine, gentleman commoner of the former college. A note on one of the leaves shows that a former owner was John Crowcher, Dean of Chichester from 1425 to 1460. " [Liber Decanatus] Cicestren' quinupererat de novo ligatus per mag. Johm Cruch' decanum predicte ecclesie qui eciam de bonis suis propriis restituit implementum decanatus predicti, quod erat alienatum et abductum per M. Bic. Talbot penultimum predecessorum dicti Johannis decani. Dictus etiam Johannes plurima bona expendit circa reparaciones dicti decanatus et manerii sui de Coudr. et aliarum domorum-pertinentium ad dictum decanatum que omnia erant quasi in ruina. Ideo parcat sibi successor et oret pro anima ejus." The book contains a Tropar of the Use of Chichester, and meditations and prayers, some of them by Dean Thomas Lichfield ; it is of the latter half of the thirteenth century, and must have been compiled very soon after the codification of the old customs in 1247 and before the Statutes of 1271, which are not in the collection. There is a careful transcript by Dr. Hutton in the Harleian MS. 6973, but by the kindness of the Master and Eellows of University College I have been able to adopt their MS. as the text. A few headings have been added within brackets from the later copies at Chichester/ and the Statutes of 1314 and other ordinances and customs have been incorporated as illustrations in their proper places .b a The Rev. C. A. Swainson, D.D., senior residentiary, who has arranged, after long labour, all the capitular documents, considers that " the chapter transcript was written about the year 1725." b In my Cathedralia and Traditions and Customs of Cathedrals the reader will find the whole cathedral system explained at length. VOL. XLV. X Early Statutes of Copious extracts from the capitular documents were indispensable to explain many obsolete expressions and furnish a commentary upon points which time has rendered obscure. •The cathedral church of Chichester is one of those technically called of the old foundation, such as Salisbury, Lincoln, Lichfield, St. Paul's London, Exeter, Hereford, Wells, York, and those of Wales, to which reference is made in the Statute Qui Gensentwr Residentes. The constitution, as it was framed and grew up under the fostering care of bishop Ralph and his successors, comprised a dean" and a chapter, including four dignitaries,b and canons, who also held pre- bends,0 and at first were bound to long terms of residenced and ministered in a See Stat. Constitutiones Antiquse. The deanery was endowed by Seffrid II. The old income was 107/. The dean held the vicarage of Aldingbourne, and "the deanery of the parish of the Holy Sepulchre," Chichester, and the prebend of Westergate. The dean held the patronage and tithes of St. Bartholomew's Westergate, besides the urban deanery or deanery of Christianity (a title suggestive of a time when a heathen population existed round the cities and towns) as his peculiar jurisdiction until it was abolished on Jan. 1, 1846, by order in Council dated Aug. 8, 1845, under the Act of 6 and 7 William IV. c. 77, s. 10. It included Rumboldswyke, Fishbourne, St. Andrew's, St. Martin's, St. Olafs, St. Pancras', St. Peter's the Great juxta Gildhall, St. Peter's the Less, St. Mary's in Foro, St. Mary's Hospital, and " Subdecan. sive Vicaria S. Petri Maj. sive subdecan'." (Lib. Inst. Pub. Eec. Off. Cic. Dioc. 5, fo. 1.) On Dec. 11, 1340, the primate made an award owing to a contest between Bishop Stratford and the dean, that the latter had jurisdiction, except during the time of an episcopal visitation, over the city churches and in matrimonial causes, and had authority to correct ecclesiastical offences not reserved to the bishop. The name of Little London, which certainly was part of the possessions of the Hospitallers (Min. Ace. 31 and 32 Hen. VIII. an. 16 dorso), occurs in 1440, and the arms of the last prior, which were in the windows of the residentiary house near the gate, also suggest some connection with the Order of Knights of St. John, for, in a charter in the University College MS. relating to land outside the west gate, the clause occurs " excepto loco religioso." In 1642 the round church of the Holy Sepulchre, which stood on the mound near St. Bartholomew's (called the Mount) Church in West Street, was destroyed. Val. Eccles. i. 298; Clarke's MS. 29, p. 67. The deanery is now in the gift of the Crown, not according to the maxim laid down by Lyndwood, lib. iii. tit. ii. p. 126. (See Stat. de Modo Eligendi et Installandi Decanum.) b In the Statutes of 1251, De Proventibus Defunctorum and De Expensis, these are called Dignitates and Personse. See Lyndwood, lib. iii. tit 1, ad verbum " dignitatibus," p. 118; and ib. tit. 7, ad verbum " dignitatis," p. 114; and lib. v. tit. 16, ad verbum " canonici," p. 327. See also the extract from Bishop Storey's Eegister under the Statute De Domibus Canonicorum. c Canonia est jus spirituale quod aliquis assequitur in ecclesia per receptionem in fratrem et assig- nationem stalli in choro et loci in capitulo; Preebenda verb est jus spirituale recipiendi certos proventus pro meritis in ecclesia competentes percipienti ex divino officio cui insistit, et nascitur ex Canonist tanquam filia a matre. (Lyndw. lib. iii. tit. 7, i. p. 144, ad verbum " prebendas.") See Stat. De Institutione Canoni- corum. d See the Statutes, De Domibus Canonicorum Decedentium. De Absentia Canonicorum. De Utilitate Residential Qui Censentur Eesidentes. De Plena Eesidentia et Semi-plen&. Chichester Cathedral. 145 courses of priests, deacons, and sub-deacons; but in decay of discipline, "pro- tested " (as the term ran) that is, demanded to be admitted as residentiaries and to share both in the common distribution of the cathedral funds and food, and in a division of the revenues arising from oblations, fees, and other sources of income." In the Visitation articlesb of 1675 are enumerated " decanus, dignitarii, canonici residentiarii, prebendarii," and the other members of the foundation," vicarii chorales, vicarii laici sive clerici, omnesque ministri et servientes." The Register of Praty is more precise : " Ecclesia Cicestrensis habet quinque dignitates, prse- centoriatum,c cancellariatum,d thesaurariatum,6 et duos archidiaconatus Oices- trensem et Lewensem: xxxii. prsebendas et xvi. cantarias." In 1415 there were equal numbers of dignitaries and canons and of vicars. Bishop Praty mentions three stalls of deacon canons and five of sub-deacon canons. All the stalls except those of Highley and Wittering were in the bishop's gift by collation. The dean was elected by the chapter. The dean, prsecentor, chancellor, and treasurer were also called " persone/' " majores," and " superiores."f " See the Statutes, De Panibus Canonicorum. De Diversis Consuetudinibus. De Antique Forma Dis- tributionis Communse. De Distributione Panis. De Distributione Communee. De Cotidianis Distributionibus et Eeleviis Legatis et Annualibus. De Distributione pro Defunctis. b Art. of Inq. Stat. ii. fo. 5. Comp. Art. 1682, fo. 2. (Ib. p. 137.) * c See Statute, Constitutiones Antiques. It was endowed by Bishop Seffrid II. cum preebenda cui annexa ecclesia de Ovyng. Tax. 801.; dec. 81., at a later date 692.; in 1520, 35Z. 8s. lOd. ; and in the Parlia- mentary Survey 230Z. The prsecentor was lord of the township of Oving in 1316. In 1520 he had the farm of Hilsker in West Dean, and, according to the Parliamentary Survey, Quse farm in that parish 1543. Precentoria in Eccl. Cath. Cic. et prebenda de Oving eidem annexa. Dignitas Prsecentorialis sive Precentoriatus in Eccles. Cath. Cic. una cum prebenda sive Canonicatu de Owving eidem annexa. (Lib. E. 293. Writs of Parl. ii. 336, n. 53. Cranmer's Reg. fo. 388 a. Parker's Eeg. fo. 199 b. Visit. 1558, fo. 3. Eeg. H. and G. fo. 21. Eeg. Storey, fo. 69. Eeg. Eede. fo. 242. Book B. fo. 208. Act Book i. p. 61.) a See Statutes, Constitutiones Antique and De officio Cancellarii. Founded by Bishop Hilary; cum ecclesia de Chitynglegh cum capella. Tax. 801. dec. 81. K. B. 98. Praebenda de Woodhorne de facto est unita sive annexa Cancellario. In his gift were the vicarages of Pevensey and Ditchling. De donatione ecclesiarum cancellario Eccles. Cath. Cic. (Leiger, fo. 69. Lib. E. 241. Eeg. Storey, 1478, fo. 6. Lib. Y. fo. Iviij. lxj.) e See Statutes, Constitutiones Antiques and De officio Thesaurarii. Founded by Bishop Hilary; cujus est ecclesia de Estbourne cum capella. Tax. 70Z. dec. x. K. B. 63. Carta de nundinis de Estburne con- cessis W°. de Nevyle, thesaurario. Lib. E. fo. 241. Lib. Y. fo. xxxiv. ' See the Statutes, De Domibus Canonicorum in Civitate. De Eesidentiam Facturo. De Officiis Ecclesise Nocturnis. DeExpensis. De Proventibus. DeAntiquft Forma. Eeparatio Ecclesise. Keg. Chichele. fo. 194 b. The installation of dean Eoger de'Scrope in 1383 was attended by " Joh. de Bisshopestone cancellario et canonico prebendato in eadem tune ratione dignitatis majore et seniore ecclesie." MS. Univ. Coll. x2 146 Early Statutes of The dean has the spiritual oversight, and may correct offenders in chapter : he can give leave of absence over two days to residentiaries.
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