i s s u e 1 · 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAY Highlighting Raytheon’s Engineering & Technology Innovations

s p ot l i g h t e y e o n t e c h n o l o g y s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t Artificial Intelligence Mechanical the invention engine Raytheon receives the 10 millionth and Machine Learning Modular Open Systems U.S. Patent in history at raytheon Architectures Discussing industry shifts toward open standards designs A MESSAGE FROM Welcome to the newly formatted Technology Today magazine. MARK E. While the layout has been updated, the content remains focused on critical Raytheon engineering and technology developments. This edition features Raytheon’s advances in Artificial Intelligence RUSSELL and Machine Learning. Commercial applications of AI and ML — including facial recognition technology for mobile phones and social applications, virtual personal assistants, and mapping service applications that predict traffic congestion Technology Today is published by the Office of — are becoming ubiquitous in today’s society. Furthermore, ML design Engineering, Technology and Mission Assurance. tools provide developers the ability to create and test their own ML-based applications without requiring expertise in the underlying complex VICE PRESIDENT mathematics and computer science. Additionally, in its 2018 National Mark E. Russell Defense Strategy, the United States Department of Defense has recognized the importance of AI and ML as an enabler for maintaining CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER Bill Kiczuk competitive military advantage. MANAGING EDITORS Raytheon understands the importance of these technologies and Tony Pandiscio is applying AI and ML to solutions where they provide benefit to our Tony Curreri customers, such as in areas of predictive equipment maintenance, SENIOR EDITORS language classification of handwriting, and automatic target recognition. Corey Daniels Not only does ML improve Raytheon products, it also can enhance Eve Hofert our business operations and manufacturing efficiencies by identifying DESIGN, PHOTOGRAPHY AND WEB complex patterns in historical data that result in process improvements. TBG v i c e p r e s i d e n t o f This issue of Technology Today highlights some of Raytheon’s innovative Raytheon Advanced Media engineering , developments and applications of AI and ML. PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION t e c h n o l o g y a n d Rose McGovern m i s s i o n a s s u r a n c e In our Leaders Corner, Raytheon Missile Systems’ Technical Director CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Jeff Vollin answers questions about his role, and what excites him Paul Bailey about technology development at Raytheon. Our Eye on Technology Steve Klepper section highlights our Mechanical, Materials, and Structures technology Tony Marinilli network and how the industry shift toward open standards designs Nora Tgavalekos exerts influence on this technology area. ON THE COVER Artist’s depiction of a deep neural network The Special Interest section highlights Raytheon’s White House visit to celebrate the 10 millionth U.S. Patent, granted to Raytheon engineer Joe Marron. Finally, the People section spotlights Raytheon women engineers encouraging and mentoring young women in high school on Science, Technology, Engineering and Math careers during a FIRST® Robotics Competition in California.

Mark E. Russell

This document does not contain technology or technical data controlled under either the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations or Thisthe U.S. document Export Administration does not contain Regulations. technology or This document does not contain technology or technical data controlled under either the U.S. technical data controlled under either the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations or the International Traffic in Arms Regulations or the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. U.S. Export Administration Regulations.

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52 Jeff Vollin Talking technology with Jeff Vollin, Technical Director, 4 Raytheon Missile Systems s p ot l i g h t e y e o n t e c h n o l o g y Artificial Intelligence 32 54 Mechanical Modular 58 and Machine Open Systems Raytheon Predictive Architectures The Invention Engine Learning Discussing industry shifts Maintenance toward open standards designs Raytheon receives the 10 millionth at Raytheon and their influence on the U.S. Patent in history Predictive Maintenance is as much Mechanical, Materials and Raytheon’s customers are a traditional engineering problem Structures technology domain embracing the intelligent as a data science problem machine era with the knowledge that AI will pat e n t s profoundly affect the 36 Strategies for character of war Rapid Prototyping p e o p l e 59 Patents Issued Machine Learning to Raytheon Addressing the challenges of U.S. Patents issued from January rapidly applying machine learning 56 2016 through June 2018 capabilities in dynamic environments 10 14 20 26 of limited training data f e at u r e f e at u r e f e at u r e f e at u r e 42 Detection, Extraction Automatic Proactive Machine Machine and Language Target Emerging Learning in Learning for Classification of Recognition Threat the Factory Patterns Handwriting Extracting and classifying Systems Detection Machine learning of Life handwriting of unknown location, can provide From One Robot-Maker ATR is designed to ( ) Raytheon is at the size, color, content, and language PREVENT predictive power enhance the utility forefront of pattern To Another An analytical tool and actionable of military systems of life discovery, that assesses insight to nearly Women engineers mentor by interpreting detection, tracking, unusual patterns or all aspects of 100 robot-makers at the data faster and and prediction behaviors, as they manufacturing FIRST® Robotics Competition more accurately happen, to detect than human threat activities analysis alone before they occur

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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning at Raytheon Raytheon’s customers are embracing the intelligent machine era with the knowledge that AI will profoundly affect the character of war. AI AND Machine Learning

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automatic target recognition (ATR) trained cases, perhaps even seconds. Similarly, The 2018 National Defense Strategy MODEL TRAINING PREDICTION has listed the military application of OPACITY to identify tanks in a desert environment AI technology is becoming ever more AI and ML as a key element of the OPACITY will likely not correctly recognize tanks in widely accessible, causing the cycle of U.S. military modernization strategy.1 OPACITY a dense forest. The implications are that model obsolescence to further accelerate. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine the technology does not yet provide the The average model lifespan will likely TRAINING DATA Learning (ML) will serve as an enabling human-like, general intelligence AI (or grow ever shorter as the AI/ML space technology of next generation battle MODEL INFERENCE “Strong AI”) that one might see depicted matures and becomes ubiquitous across networks; human-machine collaboration in movies. the battlefield. Beginning with one set of & combat teaming; human-assisted algorithms, once the battle is underway, As AI and ML is introduced into systems, operations; and network-enabled Figure 1: Machine Learning Development Cycle combatants will introduce new algorithms especially those that perform missions autonomous weaponry. Raytheon NEW, UNSEEN DATA while evolving and deprecating the of high consequence, developers and continues to strategically invest in old. The cycle of this “AI arms race” Technological cognification has accelerated users will have to deal with a range of AI and ML technology development will ultimately collapse into second-by- in recent years through the potent challenges, including opacity, perpetual as a key contributor in delivering and second contests of updating and evolving combination of ever more cost effective, upgrades, and Operational Testing and operationalizing cognified capabilities algorithmic models as each side attempts accessible and powerful computing Evaluation (OT&E); Figure 2. to achieve technological overmatch PERPETUAL to counter, nullify and obfuscate each hardware; massive volume and availability for the United States and its allies. UPGRADES Opacity. AI and ML aligns with a other’s capabilities. The key discriminator of data; virtually unlimited scalability of PERPETUAL UPGRADES2.0 common trend across many of today’s in this environment will be automation: AI and ML technologies are reshaping the PERPETUAL software platforms and architectures; UPGRADES advanced technologies, the danger automated model development, testing commercial world as well as the military. 2.0 and AI and ML algorithms and software. of overwhelming complexity. Humans and deployment. Combat-effective AI In fact, commercial industry and academia 2.0 ML is often considered an enabler for now build machines that we cannot capabilities of the future will have the are leading much of the basic AI and ML the broader notion of AI that includes 1.0 fully comprehend and AI and ML ability to continuously update through technology developments. In his book, man-machine teaming and autonomous exacerbates the issue many times over.3 automated mechanisms to out-sense, The Inevitable, futurist and internet pioneer, operations. Unlike traditional rules-based 1.0 1.0 A compounding factor in ML systems out-think and ultimately overmatch the Kevin Kelly, describes the forces and inherent analytics that are explicitly programmed, is opacity where the inner mechanisms intelligent machines of an adversary.6 biases that direct the course of technology. ML is programmed through learning; operate as a black box (“algorithmic Perpetual upgrades are the future of AI Inexorable momentum drives these shifts automating the creation of rules through mystery”).4 This is particularly the case and the most effective practitioners will “training” on sample datasets. The result with Deep Learning where many layers of embrace it. of this training is a “model” which knows thousands of simulated neurons embody “Success no longer goes to the country that Operational Testing and Evaluation enough about the dataset to make an the network reasoning for functions like develops a new technology first, but rather to (OT&E). Conventional OT&E methods and inference or “prediction” about statistically OT&E computer vision. Effective solutions for m (Figure 1). ML is techniques are wholly inadequate for AI/ML the one that better integrates it and adapts its similar unseen datu explaining why ML algorithms arrived at a 1 important because it avoids the bottlenec OT&E systems. Beyond the opacity challenge, way of fighting.” — James Mattis k OT&E particular answer will be a key contributor intelligent machines, especially AI system 26th United States Secretary of Defense of traditional analytics, the cataloging and in cultivating trust, the primary roadblock implementation of rules. Traditional Operational Testing & Evaluation of systems, are inherently complex, to operationally effective human- 7 approaches do not scale well for scenarios 5 non-deterministic systems. Unanticipated in technology, making them “inevitable.” intelligent machine interactions. in which all the rules or situations are not emergent behavior, indeterminate test Kelly describes these forces not as nouns known ahead of time. For example, Perpetual Upgrades. All analytics results, dynamic behavior adaptation and but as verbs due to the relentless change consider object recognition in an image. models, particularly ML models, have a Black Swan events (i.e. a rare, unexpected, inherent in modern technology; technology An engineer, or even a team of engineers, lifecycle and eventually grow stale due high-consequence event) all impact AI that is in a continuous state of “becoming,” could take years to program all the rules to change. Things like evolving mission OT&E. Future operationally effective rapidly evolving in ways outside the realm of required to identify an object (e.g. a cat) in requirements, dynamic environments capabilities will demand a re-imagined, human control. Among the most impactful an image. and enemy counter-measures mean the novel approach to OT&E — fertile ground of these forces is “Cognify,” the tendency effective life of an analytic model can for innovative solutions. 2 for technology to get smarter. Over time, Despite its proven utility, ML also has vary from years to days, or in extreme objects tend to evolve an embedded some idiosyncrasies. Although the intelligence that makes them exponentially fundamental algorithms can be

more effective. Indeed, cognified things generalized, its performance is typically Figure 2: Challenges of Machine Learning 3 Arbesman, S. (2016). Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension. New York, New York: CURRENT Penguin Random House. context and data specific, tightly coupled are transformative. Like Gutenberg’s 4 Knight, W. (2017, April 11). The Dark Secret at the Heart of AI. Retrieved from MIT Technology Review: printing press and electrification, intelligent to a single solution-space and to attributes https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604087/the-dark-secret-at-the-heart-of-ai machines are transforming economics, of a particular data domain. For instance, 5 Polonski, V. (2018, January 10). People Don’t Trust AI–Here’s How We Can Change That. Retrieved from Scientific American®: government, healthcare, social interactions, an ML object detection algorithm for https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/people-dont-trust-ai-heres-how-we-can-change-that as well as warfare. 6 Stoica, I., Song, D., Popa, R. A., Patterson, D. A., Mahoney, M. W., Katz, R. H., Abbeel, P. (2017, October 16). A Berkeley View of Systems Challenges for AI. Retrieved from Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley: 1 Mattis, J. (2018). Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Defense: http://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2017/EECS-2017-159.html https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf 7 Firesmith, D. (2017, January 9). The Challenges of Testing in a Non-Deterministic World. Retrieved from Carnegie Mellon University Software 2 Kelly, K. (2016). The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 Technological Forces that will Shape Our Future. New York, New York: Viking Penguin Random HouseTM. EngineeringTM Institute: https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/sei_blog/2017/01/the-challenges-of-testing-in-a-non-deterministic-world.html 6 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 7 In

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND important opportunity for partnership, many domains and can be used for route an overview of a core technology that MACHINE LEARNING AT RAYTHEON integration and collaboration. A key prediction, anomaly detection and targeted interprets data far faster than human Raytheon role in the intelligent machine event characterization. Also discussed analysts. The article discusses the Raytheon has performed significant era will be as the integrator of cutting in this article is the underlying software challenges of ATR, research in academia Research and Development (R&D) in edge AI/ML capabilities, increasingly framework, a horizontally scalable approach and the commercial industry, and machine learning over the last decade, sourced and adapted from the commercial adapted for true big data analytics. emerging advanced approaches including Tod Newman much of it at Raytheon BBN Technologies.8 market. The insertion of AI capabilities deep learning. ATR algorithms are often Darryl Nelson Raytheon is continually innovating with Raytheon Missile Systems Spanning theoretical to field-deployed into the Department of Defense (DoD) applied to use cases where limited sample Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services AI/ML for product improvement and With over 21 years of experience, applications, this activity has bridged and Intelligence Community (IC) requires data requires new training techniques Darryl Nelson is lead for IIS’ Analytics & Sensing reliability. Dr. Kim Kukurba’s DREAMachine Tod Newman is currently the leader for multiple problems, from natural language proven domain expertise to make them like Generative Adversarial Networks Capability Center, where he directs Independent Raytheon’s Machine Learning (ML) and concept analyzes factory data to predict Research and Development (IRAD) and Contract processing to network flows and operationally effective. Raytheon’s role will (GANs) to teach the ML algorithms. GANs Artificial Intelligence (AI) Center of Excellence future defects, highlights leading factors of Research and Development (CRAD) projects, and cybersecurity. As examples, Raytheon not only include fundamental research are also one of the main topics of the (CoE). In this role, he works to align defects, and identifies redundant testing. he develops technology roadmaps for distributed technologies and processes to enable faster BBN’s MultiMedia Monitoring System into core technologies but also the article, “Strategies for Rapid Prototyping computing and scalable architectures in the areas Dr. Kukurba’s article, “Machine Learning adoption and maturation of ML and AI (M3S) is a deployed application utilizing integration and operationalization of of analytics, machine learning, and systems and in the Factory,” describes both supervised at Raytheon. As Chair of Raytheon’s numerous machine learning solutions to AI/ML for overall mission effectiveness. software architecture. Nelson has spent more Information Systems and Computing and unsupervised ML approaches for than 20 years in software engineering, the recent 14 provide analysts a unified interface for Technology Network, he leads Raytheon automated defect reduction, a key enabler of which at Raytheon. “My work is fundamentally direct access to diversified media, Missile Systems’ research in advanced Our Feature Articles to increase operational effectiveness and about data manipulation,” Nelson says. “I work processing architectures. “This research including television, web and social media with brilliant teams on next generation advanced cost containment. These same goals are complements my AI and ML role,” Newman (Figure 3), and the Strategy Optimizer that Today, ML is automating what was once analytics, manipulating massive volumes of data shared by Michael Salpukas in his article explains. “The significant challenge of uses machine learning to adaptively a costly and time-consuming analysis to extract actionable insights. Ultimately, we bringing AI and ML into our culture revolves “Raytheon Predictive Maintenance (RPM),” provide cognitive augmentation and amplification reconfigure radio and network stacks to of artifacts and data to generate new around our ability to integrate inference which discusses methods for predicting to help our customers become hyper-productive maintain consistent communications on intelligence. One example of this is hand into embedded processing systems.” hardware failures to increase system and make better decisions, faster.” mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). written notes or ”pocket litter.” Because it With regard to his current work with AI and is potentially more secure and immune to availability and reduce costs associated Prior to his current role, Nelson served as the ML, “Our customers have been very interested with current preventive and reactive Information Systems and Computing Technical in machine intelligence for a number of years,” electronic surveillance, Area Director in corporate Technology & Research Newman states. “I have been tracking this handwriting maintenance approaches. Using discrete where he focused on analytic model productivity, closely since 2010 and have seen the Contract is increasingly machine learning and parameter tuning cloud computing and big data analytics for cyber Research and Development (CRAD) becoming a preferred methods, RPM provides real-time anomaly applications. He also co-chaired the Big Data opportunities in this area increase significantly communication detection on multiple radar and other Analytics, Cloud Computing and Mobile Computing in that time. The AI and ML CoE will play a key system datasets. Figure 4 : Sample handwriting over text and picture Technology Interest Group. Nelson has presented role in helping the technologies developed method, oftentimes at multiple Raytheon symposia and external under Independent Research and Development placed over existing Detecting emergent threat behaviors is Machine Learning” by Steve Israel, Philip technical conferences. (IRAD) and CRAD migrate successfully to written or typewritten the subject of Dr. Shubha Kadambe’s Sallee, Franklin Tanner, Jon Goldstein and Nelson had previously worked with Special product and business applications.” pages (Figure 4). article, “PRoactiVE emergiNg Threat Shane Zabel. Supervised training on large, Operations Command, the U.S. Army and the Previously, Newman served as the Raytheon Intelligence Community in various roles, including Using a variety of detection (PREVENT).” PREVENT is based labeled datasets has enabled most of the Corporate Technology Area Director for ML classification the IIS Big Data Analytics Lead, the Ubiquitous Information Systems and Computing (ISaC), on a dynamic stochastic network which recent advances in AI and ML. However, Computing Technology Center Chief Scientist, techniques, Dr. Darrell and he led the Raytheon Missile Systems Figure 3: Multimedia Monitoring System (M3S) Display of Entity Network Analysis consists of sparse super nodes and dense a lack of sufficient data has excluded the and the Distributed Common Ground System-Army Test Systems Department for four years. He Young’s “Detection, local nodes. It detects emergent group use of ML in many defense applications. Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Extraction, and is a 1992 graduate from the U.S. Coast In addition to Raytheon innovation in AI threat behaviors by computing and GANs are a method of training with Surge Lead & Chief Architect. He deployed to Guard Academy, and he served for six years Language Classification of Handwriting” Baghdad, Iraq in 2005 and 2007 in support of the and ML, a primary driver of innovation in evaluating the instability metric of the sparse datasets, allowing ML applications as an officer in the Coast Guard. “A lot of article describes his approach to obtain Raytheon Persistent Surveillance and Dissemination the work we did in the Coast Guard was the field is the commercial sector. In the stochastic network. PREVENT provides to be used in previously unsuitable System of Systems program. good results on simulated handwriting of very hard,” Newman relates, “but clearly, it U.S. alone, the number of AI startups has early warning to operators based on this customer mission environments. 16 languages including Chinese, Cyrillic Nelson received his Master of Engineering from was critical for the lives and safety of others. increased by a factor of 14 since the year detection to conduct further analysis Texas Tech University, and he is a veteran of and Arabic. We are at the beginning of the intelligent The key skills the Coast Guard and other 2000, while the amount of annual venture on the identified participants (or actors) the U.S. Army. “Of the many events in my lifetime, military branches teach their officers and machine era which promises widespread capital investment into AI has increased Another automation example is Christine involved in the activity. This approach has one in particular stands out that shaped my enlisted personnel is how to recognize and evolution and exponential boosts in approach to engineering. During Desert Storm, six-fold during the same time period.9 been tested and evaluated under multiple prioritize the most critical activities, and Nezda’s article “Machine Learning to defense capabilities. Raytheon will when I served as a U.S Army soldier as an M1A1 also, how to adapt and overcome when your use cases, including several littoral The result has been a flourishing and Determine Patterns of Life” that describes continue to partner with its DoD and IC Abrams tank crew member, I vividly experienced best plan is thrown into disarray by events. rapidly evolving ecosystem of machine an approach to model the state of an scenarios and oil rig activities. the decisive advantage that technology can play This has had a lasting impression on me and customers in the further development and intelligence innovation that would be entity, such as an aircraft or maritime on the battlefield. The confidence we had in is reflected in the way I approach my A key enabler of many Raytheon integration of operationally effective AI/ML difficult to match in the defense industry vessel based on historical observations, our equipment (such as the Raytheon TOW missile) responsibilities at Raytheon.” capabilities is Automatic Target applications to ensure mission success. greatly contributed to our mission success. alone. Commercial AI/ML technology Newman is a Raytheon Certified Architect including location, speed, maintenance Recognition. Mark Berlin and Matt That experience continues to drive me to develop and a member of various Science Advisory as well as academic research cannot be cycle and other attributes. These Patterns Young’s article, “Automatic Target capabilities that will instill the same confidence Boards, primarily focusing on cognitive viewed as competition but rather as an of Life (PoL) are widely applicable to Recognition (ATR) Systems,” provides Darryl Nelson in future generations of warfighters, analysts processing technology research. and all those who serve our country.” 8 See for instance, Ilana Heintz, “Machine Learning Applications,” Technology Today, 2017 Issue 1. 9 Shoham, Y., Perrault, R., Brynjolfsson, E., Clark, J., Manyika, J., & LeGassick, C. (n.d.). 2017 AI Index Report. Retrieved from Artificial Intelligence Index: http://cdn.aiindex.org/2017-report.pdf 8 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 9 f e at u r e

In today’s world, data is created much Automatic faster than available human resources can effectively use it. Automatic Target Target Recognition (ATR) is a technology designed to enhance the utility of military systems Recognition by interpreting data faster and more Systems accurately than human analysis alone. Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance In today’s battlefield, there (ISR) platforms produce a constant stream are a large number and of data. The rate at which platforms and variety of platforms and sensors are being deployed in this domain systems, many having outpaces the rate at which human analysts multiple sensors that create can be trained and mobilized. Moreover, since each analyst can only review a small a picture of the battlespace subset of data, it is possible to miss the big from all angles and across picture provided by all platforms surveilling the electromagnetic an area. spectrum (Figure 1). But while the U.S. and allied Communications militaries have made significant investment in Sensing providing this vast quantity of data, the data alone is useless unless interpreted to extract relevant details and actionable items.

Traditionally, human beings have been employed to interpret this data; for example, a shipboard operator monitoring one or more radar screens, a pilot viewing his head-up display (HUD), or even a soldier looking through Figure 1: Sensors gather and share data across the battlespace a gun sight. And although humans excel at analyzing and As the capabilities of threats to engage interpreting data, our faculties and destroy aircraft increase, maintaining are limited in that operators air dominance in the battlespace becomes can become fatigued, pilots more challenging. Oftentimes, an aircraft’s may be unable to respond to survival and mission success depend many alerts and notifications, on mere seconds in a pilot’s decision and soldiers can be distracted making process. While early detection by activity in their surrounding and early warning systems help, as environment. enemy capabilities proliferate so do the technologies to defend against them. As a result, HUDs and cockpit control systems are becoming increasingly complex and data intensive, making it difficult for pilots to execute within the critical short timeframes required. ATR SYSTEMS ATR

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EMERGING ADVANCED apprOACHES Pure Physics A number of different approaches exist for building ATR systems. One method Figure 2: Identifying relies on the creation of a database 3D MODEL BASED ATRS the correct object containing three dimensional (3D) amidst many very computer aided design (CAD) models similar objects can be a challenge of targets to be identified by the ATR algorithms. These models are rendered A PRIORI HYBRID MEASURED into two dimensions (2D), taking into INFORMATION ALGORITHMS TRAINING DATA account sensor specific phenomenological effects and viewing geometry to produce synthetic 2D signatures that are scanned

across an image to find the best match. CURRENT DEEP LEARNING Although this is a purely physics based ATRS AUGMENTED WITH SYNTHETIC DATA approach and theoretically requires no Today’s weapons must fly faster, farther, all designed to teach letters, animals, measured data for training, the 3D models and hit more precise aimpoints than ever vehicles and other images. A young child require CAD modeling expertise and are before. Asymmetric and urban warfare will see photographs of dogs, drawings of Pure Deep Learning expensive to build. Additionally, some require precision guidance while Anti- dogs, cartoons of dogs, and likely interact amount of measured data is needed for Access/Area Denial capabilities demand with a dog in the process of learning and calibration purposes. weapons be launched from farther away, understanding “dog.” Even with this with less opportunity for pilot guidance. amount of training input, it takes years Recently, deep learning algorithms a priori target information by humans Figure 3: Emerging Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Capabilities beyond fire-and-forget are of trial and error for children to become have been applied to ATR systems. whereas a pure deep learning approach approaches incorporate rapid 3D target modeling and Deep Learning required, and often missiles must be skilled at identifying objects in a complex These algorithms are automatically requires no a priori information but launched before a target’s location has scene with many distractors, for example, trained, using large amounts of data, requires significant measured training been clearly identified. finding a specific vehicle in the parking to learn differences between target data. Between these two approaches, lot depicted in Figure 2. signatures of interest — eliminating we believe there are hybrid algorithms ATR systems specifically address these the need for human phenomenological that pay some cost in providing limited a challenges, helping to meet warfighter Conversely, ATR algorithms are expected or 3D modeling expertise. priori information but with the important needs and maximizing utility of Raytheon- to reach the same level of recognition benefit of reducing the amount of built sensors, platforms, weapons, and performance with only a small number There is rarely enough measured training training data needed. ground based systems. of samples collected over a limited set data available for deep learning ATRs of conditions. This is why classical ATR to adequately cover all possible imaging Increasingly, the distinguishing capability The Challenge Is Real approaches typically behave well only conditions of interest. One approach for military success is knowledge of when the operating conditions are very for generating large amounts of synthetic the battlespace, and ATR provides Humans can readily interpret an outdoor similar to the training data. When objects data, sufficiently similar to measured real-time knowledge across a broader scene or photograph, and may easily of interest are embedded in complex data for deep learning algorithms to swath of data than previously possible take for granted or underestimate environments, such as an urban landscape, be effectively trained, makes use of by human operators alone. Raytheon’s the complexities and challenge of or when techniques are applied to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). investment in ATR technology is building the underlying problem. To interpret disguise signatures or deceive the system, GANs are an unsupervised machine a foundation for the future of military an image, you must identify and classical algorithms often fall apart learning approach utilizing two competing combat. We are developing advanced differentiate spatially varying intensity quickly. In these situations, templates may network models, one discriminative and machine learning algorithms capable patterns resulting from a highly complex no longer match; characteristics extracted the other generative.1 A topic of active of being trained with limited data and transformation of sensor specific from principal component analysis or interest across the entire deep learning deployed on computationally limited phenomenology, viewing geometry, other decomposition methods may no community, GANs are actively being platforms. Integrated into Raytheon’s surface materials, and environmental longer be present or might have been investigated and adapted across Raytheon product offerings, they will be trusted conditions. One may think of image altered; and hand crafted features, while under ongoing Independent Research and to provide the right answers even in interpretation as “natural,” but the robust, are limited by the imagination Development (IR&D) efforts. challenging environments of complexity quantity and quality of training data of the designer and frequently cannot and adversarial action. Pure model based ATRs and Deep Learning required to develop this capability is distinguish similar objects. significant. For example, babies are based approaches are two extremes of presented with a nearly continuous the continua shown in Figure 3. The model Mark Berlin stream of labeled training data from their based approach maximizes encoding of Matt Young parents, siblings, and even TV shows 1 Generative Adversarial Nets, Ian J. Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozairy, Aaron Courville, Yoshua Bengioz, Département d’informatique et de recherche opérationnelle Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7.

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Proactive Emerging Threat Detection (PREVENT) In today’s world, terrorist and other hostile threats to both domestic and international peace can appear almost anywhere. When acts of aggression or harmful events occur, post forensic analyses are conducted to determine cause, methods and associated patterns, which are then used to avoid similar events in the future.

The adversaries are creative however, improvising and creating new tactics every day. Consequently, there is a need for a proactive and predictive capability to detect threat activities before harmful events occur. In many cases, anomalous behaviors can be indicators or predictors of hostile activities, and if detected, they can generate alerts in real time, helping PRE VENT to thwart an action before it occurs and provide an opportunity to save lives. Raytheon has developed such a capability in an analytical tool, PRoactiVE emergiNg Threat detection (PREVENT), based on a dynamic stochastic network, to assess unusual patterns or behaviors as they happen.

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this difference is above a specified DATA SOURCE PREVENT threshold, PREVENT generates associated alert(s) to the operator or analyst. With this DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC information, further specific monitoring DATA SOURCE NETWORK can be started; additional data sources or ER NOD UP E sensors activated; or an appropriate course S of action initiated to stop further threats DATA SOURCE or harmful activity. The period for network stability calculation and alert thresholds DATA SOURCE are configured based on the specific environment and events being monitored. REAL-TIME

EVENT DETECTOR A Swarming Boat Use Case DATA SOURCE ALERTS

The capabilities of PREVENT are readily Pleasure Craft demonstrated in the swarming boats Fishing Boats scenario shown in Figure 2. The scene Cargo Ships involves a strait with both fishing areas Military Vessels DATA SOURCE LOCAL NODE and shipping lanes populated by different types of vessels such as cargo ships, fishing boats, pleasure craft and military Figure 2: Swarming boat scenario Figure 1: PREVENT functional block diagram vessels. As shown in the figure, activities include cargo ships navigating through the strait via one of two shipping lanes; fishing by four groups of fishing boats (green circular formations); military vessels 0.5 PREVENT detects an emergent threat therein. Events in the network are the IP address (and associated user) of in the shipping lane moving faster than behavior in real time by computing an represented by lines or connections (called each computer is represented by a node the cargo ships; and twelve small fast within that super node, and connections Equilibrium Stability Index instability metric of the stochastic network. edges) between the nodes. The nodes boats disguised as pleasure craft, manned 0.4 It provides early warning to operators are represented by the agents associated (edges) are made between them reflecting by persons (agents) ultimately planning to Detection Threshold based on this detection, who then with the events. As agents interact over the specific data exchanges. Similarly, in take aggressive action against the military conduct further analysis on the identified time, connections are made or broken. the telephone network super node, each vessels. As the scenario plays out, groups 0.3 participants in the anomalous behavior. These connections increase or decrease in phone device (and associated person) is a of the fast boats enter each fishing area PREVENT is a general behavior analysis strength with the number of events the node, and any calls among these phones and stop among the fishing boats. capability and has been applied to detect agents have in common, shown by the are reflected in the edges between them. Then after some time, they set an 0.2 emerging threats in many environments, thickness (or weight) of the edges between If a node in the computer network calls a intercept course for the military vessel(s). Detections

such as cyber/computer networks, oil the two nodes. Sets of densely connected phone in the telephone network, a voice Equilibrium Stability Index The data source for PREVENT in this rig operations, air traffic and littoral nodes in the network are modeled as a over IP (VOIP) call or text message for 0.1 scenario was events created from vehicle activities. This article presents an overview super node, which represents events and example, then a connection between tracks received from multiple radar sensors. of the tool’s functionality along with its agents associated with one type of data these two super nodes is made. TM 0 Raytheon’s Intersect Sentry product - performance in example cases. source. The sparse connectivity between 0 120 - 240 - 360 - 480 - 600 - 720 - 840 - 960 -

In this fashion, PREVENT learns the generated events from the tracks using 1080 - 1200 - 1320 - 1440 - 1560 - 1680 - 1800 - 1920 - 2040 - 2160 - 2280 - 2400 - 2520 - 2640 - 2760 - 2880 - 3000 - 3120 - 3240 - 3360 - 3480 - 3600 - 3720 - 3840 - 3960 - 4080 - 4200 - 4320 - 4440 - 4560 - 4680 - super nodes reflects the relationship A functional block diagram of PREVENT network structure as different data sources different analytics, such as proximity, Scenario Time (Seconds) of events/agents between the different is shown in Figure 1. It operates by the and events are available. Periodically, heading changes, speeds above and below data sources. Immature Network; Adversaries Moving Beginning Converging collection, correlation and categorization PREVENT estimates the stability of the limits, acceleration and deceleration. New Behaviors Between Fishing Clusters to Swarm on Target of events, forming a dynamic stochastic For example, if one data source provides network’s current state. For this, it PREVENT then processed the events and network depicted in the figure as a computer network activities and another summarizes key statistics about each the agents (vessels) associated with the Figure 3: Anomalous behavior detection in the case of swarming boats network graph diagram. Events are telephone network activities, then one active agent such as configuration (the events to dynamically form the stochastic collected from multiple data sources, each super node corresponds to computer number and type of events in which it network used to detect anomalous corresponding to an agent (“who”), event network events and the other to is participating), duration of events and behavior. Figure 3 is a plot of the network type (“what”) and event time (“when”). telephone network events. The nodes its connections both within the super stability metric computed by PREVENT As they are received and processed, the within each super node correspond to node and to other super nodes. The throughout the scenario. The instability network is formed, or learned, consisting agents (people) using the computer and difference between current and previous can be seen to rise above the threshold of sparse super nodes shown as large telephone network, respectively. When empirical distributions of network activity is whenever there is anomalous behavior ellipses with dense local nodes contained several computers are exchanging data, computed, and if the magnitude of of fast moving craft, such as traveling

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10 Shubha Kadambe, Ph.D. 5 Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems Dr. Shubha Kadambe is a senior engineering 0 fellow at the System Engineering, Integration and Test (SEIT) Center for Raytheon Space

4/28/2014 4/29/2014 4/30/2014 5/1/2014 5/2/2014 5/3/2014 5/4/2014 5/5/2014 and Airborne Systems (SAS). She has in-depth experience in the development of advanced and Days of Threatening innovative machine learning (ML) and artificial Activity intelligence (AI) algorithms for applications Figure 5: Alerts per day reported by PREVENT such as electronic warfare (EW), radar, sonar, speech and communications. Dr. Kadambe uses this background to lead engineers in the research and development of AI/ML capabilities is an event-driven workflow manager for (CEMBM) product for predictive for cognitive EW; activity based intelligence performing both man-in-the-loop and fully analytics and to detect anomalous (ABI); smart sensors; human-machine teaming; automated missions. It consists of a web spectrum behaviors of adversaries. and efficient decision-making tools to reduce interface, sensor adapters, event processors Based on how the spectrum is denied warfighter workloads and improve their ability to make quick decisions. and technique manager. Sensor adapters and used by the adversaries, Electronic Prior to joining Raytheon in February of 2013, receive data from different sensors or data Warfare Officers can maneuver and Dr. Kadambe worked for Rockwell CollinsTM, Inc. Figure 4: Intersect Sentry operator screen monitoring activities near area of interest. sources and convert the data into counter adversarial attempts to deny where she led a team of engineers to develop, Center screen is the zoomed area of anomalous ship activity. streaming events. The event processor spectrum to U.S. military forces. from concepts to prototype, a cognitive EW receives these events from the sensor architecture and system to be part of a larger In summary, PREVENT is a novel adapter and generates events analytics communication system. Dr. Kadambe was a approach for detecting emergent program officer at the Office of Naval Research between fishing clusters, an initial the network and then computes the which are used by PREVENT to learn the threat behavior through the modeling (ONR) prior to joining Rockwell Collins. At ONR, swarming toward the shipping lane and instability metric over a period of days, stochastic model previously described. of events and actors as a dynamic she managed signal/image processing and finally, converging on a target. Although detecting and reporting anomalous Docker is a lightweight, open, scalable understanding, a multi-university research initiative, stochastic network. It utilizes an the instability is above the threshold early behavior(s). The number of alerts per day and secure commercial tool. It can and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) unsupervised learning approach for in the scenario (before 1000 seconds have reported by PREVENT is shown in Figure 5. accelerate software development, programs. Additionally, Dr. Kadambe has held real-time proactive analytics and can various research positions at HRL LaboratoriesTM, elapsed), PREVENT ignores the detections The typical activities correspond to oil drilling eliminate environmental inconsistencies easily model new domains simply Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corporation and as the network is still being formed. and the associated craft’s movement. The and easily distribute the sharing of content by defining a new set of associated AT&T Bell Laboratories, where she successfully After the network matures, PREVENT anomalous behavior corresponds to an or application to many platforms. completed several Defense Advanced Research actors and events. PREVENT’s acts on all detections by generating alerts adversary’s craft steaming to join the drilling By integrating PREVENT with ATM and Projects Agency (DARPATM) projects and other forensic capability allows learned to the operator. activity. The increase in reported alerts Docker, it can be scaled to environments Department of Defense (DoD) funded projects. configurations to be stored as a shown in Figure 5 is associated with the with millions of events and tens of When asked for advice for up-and-coming sequence with associated time stamps Identified ship (ID 33499), a driver of thousands of actors. engineers at Raytheon, Kadambe said to Oil Drilling Use Case and then later analyzed to determine “be passionate, have conviction and understand network instability as it steamed to join In addition to scalability, PREVENT is associations between actors, events the underlying physics of the problem that you PREVENT has been demonstrated to drilling activity over five separate alerts. architected to be a real-time proactive and activities. PREVENT is an important are working. When facing a problem, have the work on real-world data associated with This matches the truth for that time period, bigger picture in mind, and once you’ve come analytics tool. For example, in the oil analytic tool for Raytheon and its oil drilling activities. Figure 4 shows an shown in the zoomed scenario area in the to a conclusion, analyze your results to be sure drilling scenario depicted in Figure 4 with customers — providing a capability to Intersect Sentry operator screen monitoring center of the operators screen in Figure 4. they support that conclusion.” an offshore area of interest with ongoing 840 actors and 60,000 events, PREVENT thwart harmful events and save lives. Dr. Kadambe obtained her Ph.D. in Electrical oil drilling operations. Similar to the PREVENT’s architecture is designed to scale. was able to process the data and arrive Engineering from the University of Rhode Island. previous swarming boats case above, PREVENT has been integrated with at the anomalous event in less than a “My interest in science and math in high school TM1 Dr. Shubha Kadambe led me to engineering,” she reflects fondly. Intersect Sentry extracts events analytics Docker and Raytheon Space and Airborne minute on a laptop computer. PREVENT “And the hands-on training I had during my Systems’ (SAS) Adaptive Technique can ingest data from multiple disparate from the real-time track data such as undergraduate work in engineering led me to a loitering, immediate proximity and Manager (ATM), which enables distribution sources simultaneously and can learn career in research.” Dr. Kadambe’s technical credits immediate proximity exit. In this longer of PREVENT across multiple systems and relationships among those sources and include more than eighty referenced journal and ® scenario, PREVENT uses the events and computational parallelization of events and actors. Future work includes integrating conference papers, seven invited chapters, an IEEE video tutorial on Wavelets and its applications, the associated agents (or actors) to learn stochastic network learning. SAS ATM PREVENT as part of Raytheon SAS’s Cyber 26 U.S. patents and four trade secrets. Electro Magnetic Battle Management

1 An open-source container-based platform for effective application development and deployment (https://opensource.com/resources/what-docker)

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Machine Applying Machine Learning in the Factory Learning Raytheon generates a vast amount IN the of data throughout the design, production and deployment of its complex Factory defense systems. At each step, data is generated and retained, capturing Raytheon develops, matures details, decisions, measurements and and exploits machine learning transaction logs associated with products, processes and people. Some examples to improve designs, enhance of data types include design simulations, performance and raise supplier purchase orders, assembly the quality of its solutions in steps, component tests, final quality support of customer missions. assessments and field testing. One area Raytheon also utilizes these that is particularly data-rich and filled with advanced cognitive and opportunity to apply analytics and machine learning is the factory floor, where the analytical methods to production, integration and test validation continually enhance its of products are completed. business operations. Machine Machine learning can provide predictive learning powered approaches power and actionable insight to nearly all are now emergent across aspects of manufacturing on the factory the company in all disciplines, floor. Unlike descriptive or diagnostic including Engineering, analytics, predictive analytics enabled Operations, Information by machine learning provide future Technology, Supply Chain predictions based on patterns discovered in historical data (Figure 1). Insight into the and Business Development, future, as opposed to statistics of the past helping to improve and present (descriptive and diagnostic decision-making and maintain analytics), enables a business to be less a competitive advantage. reactive and more proactive in its decision- making. For example, a probabilistic estimation of when a product will fail permits proactive planning before the failure ever occurs. This technical approach can be applied within manufacturing across multiple areas to improve product yields, decrease cycle time, and eliminate redundant testing and processes. It also helps improve product quality through lower probability of defects, reduced scrap and decreased costs due to rework. All of these benefits increase competitive advantage and ensure high-quality products are delivered quickly and efficiently to customers.

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An Application of Machine Learning within the Factory: DREAMachine Project Machine learning tasks can be categorized Figure 1: Analytics capability trade-space Introduction Overview of the Technology into three broad categories: supervised, At Raytheon, as each part is manufactured DREAMachine applies machine learning unsupervised and reinforcement. or purchased, component assembled, to traditionally siloed data sources to Proactive Supervised learning is applied to Decision-Making Prescriptive subsystem integrated, and tested on the achieve a whole-systems view focused understand the relationship across various factory floor, data is generated and stored on reducing testing and predicting future inputs to predict specific outputs. For to business and enterprise information defects (Figure 3). The execution of testing Predictive Advanced example, supervised learning can be Machine systems. On a high-rate production and rework of defects account for a large used to evaluate attribute data about Learning program with multiple domestic and portion of the cost of manufacturing a component (input) to predict the Diagnostic Methods (e.g. Deep international customers, slices of the data products; therefore, any opportunity to probability of a future defect (output), and Statistical Neural are regularly used to construct reports and reduce these costs can have a sizable ultimately use that information to reduce Modeling, Networks, metrics, ensuring that the manufactured impact to a business. DREAMachine Descriptive Machine Reinforcement the likelihood of occurrence or eliminate Trend Analysis, extracts data from business warehouses Root Cause Learning Learning), products met their quality and on-time it totally. Unsupervised learning is applied Reporting, Diagnosis Optimization, delivery requirements. Large-scale data and enterprise systems, automates the to discover patterns or a hidden structure Competitive Advantage Dashboards, Simulations integration and analysis of this data is data integration across sources, and builds Visualization from input data where the output is Reactive typically difficult due to historically siloed upon open-source analytics and machine Decision-Making unknown; for instance, it can be used to information systems, expensive storage learning software libraries. It employs a cluster or detect anomalies within product Technical Complexity costs, and discipline-specific nomenclature modular architecture, where additional quality. Lastly, reinforcement learning is across data sources. However, with data sources are easily integrated as new applied to find the ideal behavior within the application of machine learning in information emerges, to achieve greater a given situation in order to maximize a projects such as DREAMachine (Defect/ predictive accuracy and deeper systems- reward; for example, it can be utilized to Test Reduction Empowered by Analytics level understanding. maximize physical space within a factory and Machine Learning), the cost-benefit layout. Supervised and unsupervised tradeoff is shifted due to the ease of learning have the most direct applicability applying machine learning techniques and to the manufacturing environment, Figure 2: Tradeoffs between accuracy and the broader insight they provide. Machine although reinforcement learning may explainability of techniques learning makes it possible to quickly sift System have utility for certain applications. Both through vast amounts of information, unsupervised and supervised machine recognize complex patterns and predict learning use iterative algorithms designed high future outcomes to support data-driven to learn continually and seek optimized decision making. Rule-Based Linear Sub System Sub System outcomes as more data is incorporated. Systems Regression These algorithms can detect patterns across intricate datasets in seconds, Decision thereby identifying optimized outcomes Trees Random Forest Bagging Component Component Component in seconds, where an analyst may require Naïve Bayes weeks to make the same determination. Nearest Boosting Further, the specific algorithms employed Neighbors are chosen based on their higher SVMs interpretability (or explainability — Sub Sub Sub Sub Sub Neural Networks Deep Component Component Component Component Component the understanding of why an algorithm Algorithm Explainability Learning makes a specific prediction), Figure 2. low This understanding provides more Algorithm Accuracy for Complex Data high actionable insights for daily operations. Figure 3: Whole system view versus traditional single component view

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Results data across multiple programs is a using image processing empowered In the initial stage of DREAMachine powerful advantage. For instance, by convolutional neural networks. In Input Data DREAMachine development, the project team’s analysts patterns related to a particular conjunction with additional data sources, partnered with a production program component may be undetectable supervised machine learning models to create the use case and ensure that on a single program, but with data can be used to analyze and improve Manufacturing Test Data Actionable Insight the implementation added value to key from the same or similar component key business metrics, such as on-time decision makers on the shop floor. combined across multiple programs delivery performance (probability of Originating Defect Data Identification of The supervised learning methods applied patterns become stronger and more delivering products on-time across specific Redundant Testing to predict failures at the component and readily detected, enabling formulation scenarios), cost forecasting (probability system levels achieved accuracies of more accurate predictions. The that the budget will be met given new Factory Work Orders of up to 99% in predicting failures. More ultimate integration and analysis of constraints), and contract wins (probability Supervised and Identification significantly, the unsupervised learning data across all Raytheon programs of winning a specific contract and the Unsupervised of Leading Factors methods identified areas of redundancy and businesses will provide new and associated risks). Supplier Data Machine Learning for Defects in the test flow, highlighting opportunities actionable insight at the enterprise In conclusion, machine learning-powered for process optimization. level for enhancing the production of approaches have the potential to improve complex defense systems. Early on, test and reliability engineers all aspects of the factory and business. Field Test Prediction of Future Test Values suspected that the elimination of certain As a leader in the defense industry, testing operations could speed up Industry 4.0 and Additional Raytheon continues to apply advanced (Defects) Machine Learning Applications Factory Conditions the production line while maintaining analysis methods to understand the past, strong quality standards. DREAMachine in the Factory present, and future state of its factories, integrated traditionally siloed historical products, and businesses — making As the manufacturing space continues data and analyzed the dataset, validating optimal, data-driven decisions and to experience an unprecedented that a lengthy series of test operations improving competitive advantage. Figure 4: Overview of RIC DREAMachine generalizable framework increase in available data, the provided redundant information without opportunities for applying and additional benefit or insight, and could attaining value from machine learning possibly be reduced or eliminated. Further, Kimberly Kukurba, Ph.D. will grow. Known as “Industry 4.0” it was determined that suggested process First, DREAMachine imports production For example, k-means clustering can be or “Smart Manufacturing,” the current optimizations could increase production process data from multiple information applied to the component and system test industrial movement aims to include capacity by as much as 40%, potentially systems, such as enterprise resource values to identify clusters of similar values more automation and data generation saving millions of dollars once enacted on planning (ERP) systems, databases and highlight areas of redundancy. Then, within manufacturing systems by the production line. and servers. This data can represent supervised machine learning methods exploiting the Internet of Things parametric test data from components, (e.g. decision trees, gradient boosting, Next Steps (IoT), cyber-physical systems, cloud quality fault codes, work operation random forests, support vector machines, In close collaboration with a Raytheon infrastructure, and cognitive analytics. orders, supplier data and other production naïve Bayes) are applied to predict program, DREAMachine developed and This data encompasses a variety of related information. Next, the data is future defects at both the component applied machine learning methods to different formats, semantics, quality filtered and joined to relate information and system levels (Figure 4). Specifically, reduce redundant testing and predict levels, and sources. For example, it across disciplines and through all levels parameters such as test values, time of future defects that could enhance could include sensor data from a of components and systems in the day the operation occurred, location of critical production metrics. The next robotics line, environmental data of product structure. Finally, exploratory data the test chamber and quality attributes steps include continued testing and the factory building, tooling calibration analyses, including unsupervised machine are utilized to probabilistically predict if validating across other programs. The and maintenance, operation timing learning approaches (e.g. k-means and when a failure will occur. In other reusable DREAMachine framework will be or assembler training history. This and hierarchical clustering, principal words, historical data about the tests and applied to accommodate lower-volume increase in data provides machine components analysis, linear discriminant operations are used as input into a model, production programs, as well as programs learning analysis opportunities to gain analysis) are performed. It is these an ensemble model like gradient boosting with markedly different product features. efficiencies throughout the factory. methods and algorithms which identify for example, to learn and discover Further evolution of DREAMachine Some machine learning applications meaningful new groupings that point to patterns across the data from which will improve the algorithms and fine- that are already under development potential opportunities to improve testing future pass/fail predictions can be made. tune overall application performance. across Raytheon manufacturing procedures and operational processes. Feature enhancements and additional include production schedule program data will improve prediction optimization, factory floor layout accuracies and provide greater insight planning via reinforcement learning, into the testing and quality of Raytheon’s predictive maintenance of machines, products. Aside from simply adding more and automated quality inspections historical records, the ability to combine

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Raytheon’s Intersect SentryTM capability Marines are responsible for conducting Machine is meeting the volume and velocity such missions as enemy engagement, challenges of today’s data sources embassy protection, non-combatant Learning with services to detect, characterize evacuation and disaster relief. Mission and exploit patterns of life, at scale, planning for these efforts requires for Patterns in near real time. Leveraging big data establishing and continuously updating of Life machine learning for source fusion, normal baselines to quickly recognize, target feature discovery and PoL understand and, if necessary, mitigate With the rapid expansion in variety and modeling, it is able to make predictions anomalies in real time. about future target state. In order to accessibility of military, commercial The Navy and Coast Guard are form a complete common operating concerned with maritime domain and open/free data sources, Raytheon’s picture, Intersect Sentry combines awareness, including detection and customers are challenged to effectively customer data with open-source news interdiction of smuggling, illegal leverage this information for detection, data such as GDELT (Global Data on fishing and other nefarious activities. Events, Location and Tone); satellite tracking and averting adversarial These challenges require the collection imagery; video feeds of vehicle traffic activity as part of daily Activity Based and fusion of open-source track and flow; vessel track information from Intelligence (ABI) missions. satellite information with Department AIS (Automatic Identification System); of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence air tracks from ADS-B (Automatic ABI is “…an analysis methodology Community (IC) sources. Pattern of Life Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast); which rapidly integrates data from analysis of multi-source data is required vehicle tracks from OpenStreetMapTM; multiple intelligence sources and to identify, track, characterize intent public utility patterns (e.g. electricity, sources around the interactions of and predict future location or actions people, events and activities, in order water); and weather station reports ® that would not be evident from single PATTERNS to discover relevant patterns, determine from NOAA (National Oceanic and source analysis alone. and identify change, and characterize Atmospheric Administration). Together, those patterns to drive collection and these sources provide a nuanced story Through recent data partnerships, create decision advantage.”1 Detecting, for how a target behaves in space-time, data acquisitions and existing characterizing and monitoring Patterns how targets behave at the aggregate proprietary sensor collection, Raytheon of Life (PoL) is a critical ABI input. level or how the activity at a location has unprecedented access to multi-INT A PoL is best understood as a model, changes over time. (multiple intelligence) geo-temporal data sources, where the nature of the created through the analysis of entity, Intersect Sentry’s big data architecture data is such that the read and update event and activity data which describes gives the warfighter a decision rate is beyond human comprehension of LIFE patterns in repeated activities, ongoing advantage with real-time patterns and sensemaking abilities. For example: interactions or periodic changes of life, confidence metrics, and Twitter data has up to 330 million in state. In military applications, downstream exploitation for alerting users and produces more than 500 patterns of life are useful for detecting and tipping. For example, today’s million tweets/day; the Automatic anomalies, predicting future actions Air Force warfighter must manage Identification System (AIS) monitors and helping to improve situational thousands of potential threats to more than 500 thousand vessels with awareness from air, land, sea and space space assets per day, and the timeline roughly 150 million reports/month; operating pictures. Today, practices for input into Space Situational and the Global Database of Events, within the Department of Defense Awareness systems is on the order Language and Tone (GDELT) generated (DoD) and Intelligence Community (IC) of minutes across all of the orbital a nearly 2.5 trillion node graph of new commonly include doctrine tuned to regimes. Currently, there are more events in 2017 alone. work on a single intelligence source, than 4000 maneuverable objects, but and are unable to process high volumes with the rapidly growing constellation of data quickly enough to impact of SmallSats (Small Satellites), this real-time decision making. number is projected to nearly double by 2022, making real-time patterns of life and predictive machine learning models critical decision aids for timely mission inputs.

1 Atwood, Chandler P., Activity-Based Intelligence: Revolutionizing Military Intelligence Analysis, Joint Force Quarterly 77 (2nd Quarter, April 2015), National Defense University Press.

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As evidenced by recent broad agency GEOSTAT: Big Data, Near Real-Time announcements (BAA), requests for User Experience Situational Awareness information (RFI) and requests for proposal (RFP), customers are seeking Intersect Sentry’s GEOSTAT forensic full exploitation of both commercial and analytic service continuously processes military data assets for near real-time geospatial observation data to learn forecasts of target maneuvers, anomaly and statistically characterize global and detection and activity assessments. Situational Patterns Correlation and Network regional patterns of life. These patterns Across military branches and the Awareness of Life Activity Detection Analysis are useful to define the historic norms of intelligence community, the new reality an area of interest for real-time anomaly Forensic Analytic Automated Real-Time Hypothesis-Based detection and event prediction. is that digital footprints and the resulting Services Analytic Services Reasoning Services patterns reveal adversarial intent when In the maritime, domain observations leveraged in a timely and comprehensive Analytics & Activity Detection Reasoning Machine Learning Analytics Analytics include vessel position data reported from way. Raytheon has made a significant • Statistical Analysis • Correlation & Association • Evidence Management the Automatic Identification System (AIS), investment in developing the necessary • Graph Analytics • Pattern Detection • Probabilistic Reasoning • Time Series Analytics • Geofencing Over Soft Evidence a rich source of information about the Figure 2: Intersect Sentry displays a fluctuating heat map of vessel frequency and density in the machine learning algorithms, products • Change Detection speed, location and direction of travel English Channel and systems to automate the creation Products Products Products for more than 500,000 vessels around and use of Patterns of Life at a scale to • Predictive Analytic Models • Reports • Target Intent & Prioritization • Patterns of Life • Event Prediction the world. At a global scale, the GEOSTAT meet demands of both the IC and DoD. • Alert Generation service has processed up to a year of These real-time patterns provide Common Framework maritime data to perform statistical Raytheon customers with the actionable Sensemaking Ontology, Microservices, Adapters, Data Storage analysis across all oceans and waterways intelligence they need to monitor at varying geospatial and temporal scales. adversaries, coordinate direct action Global, regional, and local patterns are forces and provide mission planning TemporalTemporal StoreStore Object Store TemporalGraph Store Store characterized with associated probabilities or collection tasking inputs in an enabling deduction of entity class, activity, increasingly complex and dynamic Figure 1: Intersect Sentry: Real-time multi-INT big data analytics ecosystem and destination. Deviations and temporal environment. changes to patterns of life are also analyzed. Big Data Patterns of Life In Figure 2, the observation frequency and on Apache Spark® density of vessels observed from AIS are visualized as a fluctuating heat map for the Intersect Sentry’s Pattern of Life With the volume and velocity of data English Channel. To create the heat map, Figure 3: Intersect Sentry displays discovered routes and shipping lanes capabilities are part of a real-time coming from multi-INT sources, big the area of interest is first divided into small multi-INT big data analytics ecosystem data solutions are needed that scale cells, then the frequency is determined illustrated in Figure 1. The Pattern of appropriately based on the system by the number of unique vessels in each Life models are built forensically from load. Parallelizing updates to machine cell, and the density is calculated as the multi-INT time series observation data learning models and statistical summary number of vessels per unit area for the processed by Apache Spark2 to extract data becomes increasingly important cell. In addition, probability distributions patterns and generate predictive machine as the number of target entities grow are calculated to determine the direction learning models. The resulting analytic beyond human operator capacity. Further of travel and speed observed in each cell products are pushed to a distributed incremental updates to global and local revealing patterns of activity such as routes Object Store and then queried by analytic products triggered by data and shipping lanes (Figure 3). This same automated analytic agents to detect source updates can quickly exceed the area of interest can also be overlaid with activity in near real time, assess potential boundaries of performance for big server flags (Figure 4), showing which country’s anomalous conditions and make systems. Three specific big data capable ships are predominant in the various routes predictions about future activity. machine learning products from Intersect and regions. Sentry’s Analytic Suite are presented in the remaining paragraphs along with Figure 4: Intersect Sentry displays a distribution of vessel country of origin for the region their application across the air, sea, ground and space domains.

2 Apache Spark is a unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing (https://spark.apache.org)

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Big Data, Entity Patterns Typical Period Typical Speed of Life Service Between Detections at this Location To complement the aggregate patterns 40 40 of activity, the PoL service analyzes observations at the entity level to 35 35 generate Patterns of Life for individual Christine Nezda actors. The goal of this analytic is to Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services learn a probabilistic function to capture 30 30 As senior scientist in IIS’ Automated Sensing and quantify any recurring behavior in and Analytics Capability Center, Christine Nezda specializes in the development and refinement each entity state needed for downstream of machine learning (ML) techniques in a variety predictions and anomaly detection. 25 25 of big data applications. She has extensive Figure 5: experience in ML, particularly as applied to pattern Intersect Sentry The PoL service processed AIS data to of life (PoL) discovery and natural language displays the vessel generate profiles for each entity based 20 20 processing (NLP). Nezda is the lead data scientist location behavior on several independent research and development on their position and speed reports. statistics provided (IRAD) efforts to create big data machine learning A profile includes the most likely locations Rank (percent) Rank (percent) by the PoL service (hangouts) for an entity, the revisit rate 15 15 solutions for Activity Based Intelligence (ABI), including PoL, data fusion, text analytics and for that location, and the typical speed of constrained resource allocation. She has also the entity at that location. Figure 5 shows 10 10 applied these techniques for many Department statistics generated by the service for the of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community (IC) most common elapsed time between projects, including those of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity and the vessel detections and the vessel behavior at 5 5 Air Force Research Laboratory. that location based on the reported speed. “Data science and machine learning analytics 0 0 provide our customers with actionable insight Figure 6: Intersect Sentry displays a graph of discovered LEO satellite clusters and associations Cluster Entity Graph Service 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 0-10 Knots 10-20 Knots — patterns and predictions from massive quantities of data in support of ABI activities Clustering is an unsupervised machine Period Speed Range for target discovery, identification and tracking,” learning approach which organizes similar Conclusion Nezda states. “My passion is building data-driven data objects into groups (or clusters). Raytheon is at the forefront of pattern systems to provide the IC with increased decision The clustering service consists of machine of life discovery, detection, tracking and advantages and opportunities to apply cutting edge computer science and machine learning learning clustering algorithms that enable prediction due to its extensive investment Space Situational awareness requires satellites with similar orbits together. in data, customer relationships, big data techniques to problems and programs directly fast updates when entities change, or impacting the protection of our national security.” continuously tracking and monitoring Edges (connecting lines) between red and infrastructure and machine learning new entities are added or deleted. Before Raytheon, Nezda worked 12 years as a all space objects across all orbit regimes green nodes indicate membership within analytic development. Future efforts will They do not require the number of lead research scientist for NLP efforts focusing clusters to be specified, only a similarity to keep space assets safe from both that cluster; edges between green nodes incorporate Recurrent Neural Networks on computational linguistics and machine learning threshold, and entities are allowed to have adversaries and debris. Two Line Elements are derived associations created when two (RNN) for time series specific predictions algorithms for the IC. She published and presented membership in more than one cluster. (TLEs) are data records containing clusters share the same member. and deployment to the cloud to ensure multiple technical papers detailing results from identification and the latest orbital horizontal scaling as data volume and advanced prototypes, which led to her joining If overlap exists in the clustering results, it Raytheon to work on fast-paced IRAD ML activities. parameters for a satellite. The service The clustering properties consist of the velocity continue to increase. RNNs are is encoded as a weighted graph to uncover Nezda has won several awards in her field, the interconnectedness of the entity set. processes publicly available TLEs from orbital parameters for each satellite. able to capture and encode complex including Top System at the Question Answering the Joint Space Operations Center for The entity metadata used to label the time series feature representations that Track at the National Institute of Standards and Clustering properties are further all active Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space clusters included country, users, ground outperform systems that encode temporal Technology’s Text Retrieval Conference, 2004-2007. correlated with additional metadata objects. Figure 6 shows the clusters stations and launch sites. By correlating windows directly in the feature space. As for advice she offers engineers beginning a career about the entities in order to statistically discovered for the LEO satellite payloads the orbital parameters with the entity In addition to computational scaling, in her field, Nezda responded: “When tackling a new label the cluster. As the clusters evolve, and the connections between them. attributes, properties of newly launched implementation within the cloud enables problem, start by defining success criteria and metrics, keep an open mind, rely on first principles the service detects changes between Red nodes represent the satellites, green space objects can be inferred from their easier access to analytic resources, machine and communicate frequently with stakeholders.” the previous and current state, such nodes are the clusters. LEO satellites orbital parameter state. learning models and their outputs. as merged clusters, split clusters, new Nezda has a Bachelor of Science in Computer clusters are formed based on orbital Science from the University of Washington and clusters, and missing clusters and characteristics of the satellites, grouping a Master of Science in Computer Science generates operator alerts. Christine Nezda (Intelligent Systems Track) from the University of Texas at Dallas.

30 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 31 f e at u r e

Raytheon Predictive

Part-A State Change Maintenance Detector (RPM) Monitor-A In today’s world of Part-B Maintainer System Operations, Monitor-B there are two dominant approaches to maintenance, Part-C Reasoner Reactive and Preventive. Monitor-C Reactive Maintenance is characterized by waiting Data Analysts System Components for the system to fail, Feature Sensor and repairing after the fact Extraction Data as a means of minimizing unnecessary repairs.

The problems with this approach are typically those of Figure 1: Raytheon Predictive Maintenance Architecture increased system downtime; expensive repairs, including travel for specialized repair personnel; and in the worst Solving the Predictive Maintenance the data analysts offsite is vital to updating Once the interaction of system scenarios, catastrophic failure. problem requires careful coordination models and data feeds. components becomes complex enough between the operational maintainers and to warrant machine learning applications, Preventive Maintenance is Predictive Maintenance is as much a the designers and analysts who are likely at those methods that allow visibility based on replacing parts traditional engineering problem as a data a remote site. As seen in Figure 1, real-time into the decision making process are according to manufacturers’ science problem. First and foremost, the data and system operation is available to preferable — taking advantage of recommended schedules, diagnostic data gathered is generally time the maintenance operator, who has visual available experience from system designers with the intent of minimizing series data from electronic and mechanical aids and dashboards for operational and RAM (Reliability, Availability and unforeseen downtime. This control systems. This means that physics of assessment. The maintainer also often has Maintainability) forensic analysts. In approach raises issues of failure and theory of design are available informal methods of checking in on the cases where the systems are fielded far opportunity cost of materials as a starting point for understanding (or system: visual inspection, sound, smells, from the data analysts, communication replaced before a failure, predicting) failures in simpler parts of as well as unnecessary PREDICTIVE and general human pattern recognition bandwidth and data sovereignty become the system. These are also the criteria for of unmodeled effects that correlate with important considerations, often imposing maintenance. Alternatively, the deciding, at design time, which diagnostic system performance. Automated methods constraints on the ability to diagnose and/ goal of Predictive Maintenance data will be recorded. Changing the of capturing this maintainer instinctive or characterize system performance. For is having the ability to data gathered or adding data taps after understanding should be one of the areas example, if only a fraction of the sensor accurately predict failures in manufacture can be extremely expensive, of investigation going forward. The data and failure data can be transmitted, there order to find an optimized and is typically avoided at all costs. In balance of reduced downtime MAINTENANCE analysts may not have access to all of the must be rules on the system at the front general, diagnostics based on Control data coming out of the sensors in real time end to compress, thin and/or summarize and full replacement System theory engender more trust, due to Data Sovereignty,1 communication the data. This can include anomaly part utilization. since they are based on theory that can throughput, or cost constraints at design detection, designer-based rules, and be trusted beyond the regions of test time. Optimizing which data to pull back information theoretic methods. As much data. Eventually, however, there remain — and how often given project constraints — as possible, the system should be tested unexpected system responses which lend is difficult, and often hard to change after against full data and method availability to themselves better to machine learning. the fact. Finally, coordinating analysis determine how much information is lost in between the maintainer in the field and

1 Data which may be subject to restrictions or rules by the country of origin

32 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 33 f e at u r e RAYTHEON PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

classifier knows not to make any decision. during normal operation, which skewed Many classifiers may just make a decision results for all of the machine learning no matter where the new test data comes methods that depend on density, including from, which can cause incorrect decisions tree based methods, Neural Networks, with high reported probability, as the and unmodified Gaussian Mixture Models. following example illustrates. This meant that the assumption that the training data came from a representative Michael R. Salpukas, Ph.D. If we loosen the restriction on areas of distribution was suspect, at best. Where Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems confident decisions, and allow the classifier possible, data summarization concepts With over 20 years’ experience at Raytheon, to make decisions progressively further were used to not only model bandwidth Dr. Michael Salpukas is an Engineering Fellow

Entropy away from the training data, we are subject for Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), restrictions, but to mitigate varying data to the dangerous effects outlined in Figure 3. where he leads a Machine Learning independent densities as well. This is known as the “Open Set” or research and development (IRAD) effort, an activity designed around technology insertion “Strangeness” problem. Three cases are Data visualization and decision justification to provide human-assist to the warfighter and presented with the exact same classifier were given high priority as evaluation criteria to mitigate new threats in a timely manner. and x-y scale; only the allowed decision in RPM to enable subject matter expert “Five years ago, the System Architecture, Design region and the scale of the log-likelihood (SME) feedback. Because RPM is intended and Integration Directorate (SADID) was challenged ratios is changing. The black circles initially to analyze complex systems that are to become more involved in innovation,” Salpukas bound a region of no decision (a). As the designed to work over long periods, there states. “That inspired me to submit multiple restrictions are loosened from (a) to (b) and is a body of expertise built up during design Raytheon Innovation Challenges and IDEA projects. Skewness Those projects led to working closely with then even further from (b) to (c) these areas and integration that is included in the error Advanced Technology, which in combination led Figure 2: Classifier making decisions close to the training data become strong decision regions where the analysis. Along with this come engineering to the current Machine Learning IRAD.” classifier is allowed to make decisions questions such as: Are the assumptions in Previously, Dr. Salpukas was a Systems Engineer Minimum Likelihood = 1e-04 Minimum Likelihood = 1e-07 Minimum Likelihood = 1e -10 where it arguably shouldn’t. This is due to the failure models correct? If not, how do working in prognostics, advanced tracking and the relative likelihoods being so different we update them? Is there a variable that is discrimination algorithms for projects such as when far out on the tails of these showing correlation to failure that was NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS), Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX), Upgraded Early multimodal distributions. Also notice the considered unimportant? Can we find a Warning Radar (UEWR), Japan Air Defense Ground lensing effect in Figure 3c as the red class causality linked to such a variable? Environment (JADGE), Terminal High Altitude Air starts pushing “south” into the bottom Defense (THAAD), as well as multiple Research Providing answers to these questions circle, far away from any data of either and Development Projects. Early technical interests enabled us to not just provide a predicted type. This is due to the likelihoods from included Particle Flow Filters, and applying probability that something was about to go computational topology and geometry to data multiple red Gaussian Distributions wrong, but also to provide the variables and analytics and predictive analytics. Dr. Salpukas also focusing relative to the blue in this region. data instances that influenced the decision. had Systems Engineering Lead roles and was a One of the advantages of Gaussian Mixture Section Manager. As systems are deployed over longer periods Models and other models that estimate of time, operational costs can increase and On success at Raytheon, Salpukas advises, (a) (b) (c) probability density functions is that they ”Try to map your technical interests to the future automated operational assessment and allow for a rational threshold beyond which needs of the warfighter. Understanding how much Figure 3: The “Open Set” or “Strangeness” problem. Making decisions far from training data is dangerous. (a) Initial non-decision areas bound by the black circles become predictive maintenance become increasingly new points can be called outliers, and no can go wrong in the field is vital to making novel decision regions as classifier restrictions are progressively loosened, (b) and (c). important. The machine learning models solutions work in the real world, and provides a class decision is made. These are just a few used in RPM are intended to grow with stronger appreciation for how to build early of the considerations RPM actively tracked experience and draw upon design expertise prototype frameworks.” the summarization process, and how much learning methods, a generic example is data back through results in the decision while choosing machine learning methods. in a feedback loop — meeting tomorrow’s Dr. Salpukas received a bachelor’s degree in performance is lost, if any, by restricting presented using a ‘counterfeit vs. real plot shown in Figure 2. On the left side it Mathematics from the University of Chicago. For Raytheon Predictive Maintenance challenges while strengthening trust the final solution to explainable methods. banknote’ dataset from the University of can be seen that we can build classifiers He received a master’s degree in Statistics and a Finally, at each part of the architecture, California at Irvine (UCITM) Data Repository.2 that make decisions (“red” or “blue”) (RPM), we evaluated multiple datasets amongst the users. doctorate in Mathematics from the State University the data analytics should have some way The dataset of image information is when close to training data, but make no across many programs, evaluating a of New York at Albany. ”My original Ph.D. was in pure mathematics, but I added a Masters in Statistics to update both training and decisions in separable in four dimensions (variance, decision when far away from the training bank of Machine Learning methods for suitability. In general, datasets contained Dr. Michael Salpukas during my last two years to help my move toward real time, to avoid being overwhelmed by skewness, kurtosis and entropy), but for data, and label those as anomalies. The industry. Learning a wide range of disparate both continuous time series data and the sheer volume of new data coming in. the purpose of this example, we only allow x’s in this plot are incorrect classifications, mathematics in a short time helped me enormously This combined set of restrictions severely ourselves two of the dimensions (skewness which you expect in the areas of high discrete state variables. Not surprisingly, starting out at Raytheon, where my first five years constrains the final predictive analytics and entropy), in which the data has a lot conflict (overlapping data), shown on the discrete Machine Learning approaches were like a Radar University. I had to quickly link my educational background to the mathematics of solution space. of shape and overlap. One could just as contour plot on the right as areas with tight tended to work better than continuous Radar, in areas such as tracking, optimization and easily label the data part failures vs. part contour rings (or high elevations). The light approaches as the number of important To illustrate the aforementioned signal processing.” non-failures. Building a classifier from this green surrounding area at low elevation discrete states increased. Also, because engineering concerns with machine training dataset, then running the original on the right is set to be areas where the these were control systems, it was common for there to be extremely repetitive data 2 Dua, D. and Karra Taniskidou, E. (2017). UCI Machine Learning Repository [http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/banknote+authentication]. Irvine, CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science.

34 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 35 f e at u r e Strategies for Rapid Prototyping Machine Learning Recent advances in computer technology are enabling scientists and engineers to solve more complex problems with Machine Learning (ML).

Significant leaps in processing power, an airport where a model is required bit depth, caching, and storage along to detect the number of aircraft on the with expansion of cloud based services, ground. A recent Raytheon training provide researchers virtually unlimited experiment used 100,000 image chips scaling of resources, bringing problems of airplanes and approximately 100,000 having millions of input attributes and background image chips. Image chips thousands of potentially non-exclusive were a single band panchromatic output classes within reach. One example containing 300x300 pixels. Using an is convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Amazon Web Services (AWSTM) G2.8 A CNN is a form of deep learning neural virtual machine (VM), batch training 32 network often used in image processing, images at a time for 10 weeks achieved such as the GoogleTM 50-layer ResNet an 80% probability of detection Pd network, which contains more than at 10E-5 false alarm rate (FAR). 20 million computational nodes and was Within the defense industry, objects trained on a database of over one million of interest and their images often pose images.1 New tools, such as Python®, limitations that are not addressed by TensorFlowTM and Matlab®’s Artificial commercial applications. The ability to Intelligence (AI) tool box, have opened the rapidly analyze unique, camouflaged, door for non-machine learning scientists fleeting and possibly threatening entities to build complex networks to solve a is increasingly important. To build and wider breadth of problems previously train representative models for these unexplored in the computational machine cases requires that training data cover learning community. the breadth of available object/image Raytheon has leveraged both academic variations, environmental parameters, network models and commercially and characteristics of the sensors available datasets in its research of observing them (Figure 1). Typically, computational pattern recognition. Raytheon’s customers’ data provides One basic pattern recognition application observations of limited instance; data is detecting objects. The difficulty is often collected by individual sensors, across not the complexity of the object itself, a common background, and with similar but the sheer volume of source data viewing geometries.2 Consequently, which must be analyzed. Time is required data are locally sparse, yielding training to acquire data, label examples, and databases effectively smaller than then train the models using the labeled nominal training sizes, which can then data. Consider the case of an image of cause bias in the resulting models.

1 Yang You, Zhao Zhang, Cho-Jui Hsieh, James Demmel and Kurt Keutzer, “ImageNet Training in Minutes,” arXiv:1709.05011v10 [cs.CV] 31 Jan 2018. 2 S. Israel and E. Blasch, “Chapter 5: Context Assumptions for Threat Assessment Systems,” in Context-Enhanced Information Fusion: Boosting Real-World Performance with Domain Knowledge, L. G. J. L. J. a. B. E. Snidaro, Ed., Springer International, 2016, pp. 99-124.

36 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 37 f e at u r e Strategies for Rapid Prototyping Machine Learning Figure 2: Sensor/Data Overcoming these limitations is a key Generative Adversarial Source SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING WITH Network (GAN) Workflow Noise focus area of Raytheon’s Machine Learning Object PSEUDO-LABELS Real Data research and several approaches to the • Pose and problem are discussed in the following Environmental Articulation Another approach to reduce the required Generator sections. • Origin and Route amount of labeled training data is using Discriminator Data (Fake) Generator • Static and • Frequency of Motion Clutter Occurrence unlabeled data with a semi-supervised learning algorithm. In many cases, Update ML TRAINING • Nodes in Discriminator Network unlabeled data is plentiful, even though Three commonly used ML training Data Scoring Update • Plasticity of Sensor labeled data may be scarce. Semi-supervised Generator algorithms are supervised, unsupervised Terrain • Data Quality learning algorithms can utilize partially and semi-supervised. Supervised training • Range, Rate labeled datasets, alleviating the heavy typically requires large amounts of input and Acuity requirement for large amounts of labeled labeled data, where each training exemplar • Target to training data. The Raytheon Machine Using All Training Data is tagged with a known output class. Background Learning Team is currently investigating the Figure 3: 103 Discriminant functions, generated by Contrast use of pseudo-labels, labels that are created Significant reduction 1 Hidden Layer modeling this mapping are then used to automatically for unlabeled data using a in training burden for assign (or infer) classes to new, unlabeled partially trained network. At first glance, this GANs versus non-GANs 2 Hidden Layers Figure 1: Object, Sensor and Environmental variations input examples. Unsupervised training approach may seem like learning what is GAN 3 Hidden Layers consists of unlabeled exemplars, not already known. In other words, if a network 102 tagged with a known output class, and GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS exists that can correctly label the images, the discriminant functions must learn then we are already done. Alternatively, if how the data clusters into classes. During One approach to mitigating ML sample is learning the training data distribution. the network generates erroneous pseudo- operations, unlabeled data are assigned size requirements is to integrate Generative Ideally, the system is optimized when the labels then how can these help to improve to the nearest data cluster. Unsupervised 1 Adversarial Networks (GANs) into the discriminator is only 50% confident that the network, since they contain precisely 10 learning can bias the outcomes by training process.3 Classically, for detection the same mistakes that the network would the generator’s examples are fake. Iterations Training generating clusters during training that and classification problems, ML techniques already make? Yet, surprisingly, pseudo- are not representative of specific target Initially, Goodfellow’s GAN experiments focused on discriminative models which labels can significantly improve classification classes. Semi-supervised training utilizes were replicated to prove their reduction in generate a mapping from input attributes accuracy and unlike other semi-supervised both labeled and unlabeled exemplars. the training burden relative to deep 100 to output classes. Less attention has been approaches, they are extremely simple 101 102 103 104 105 While unlabeled data help estimate data learning neural networks without the GAN paid to generative models that learn the to implement as they do not require any distribution, reducing the overall need for process.4 In addition to reproducing results Network Connections joint probability between a set of input changes to the network architecture. labeled data, labeled data are still required for reducing training burden for detection, attributes and output classes. for class separation. Semi-supervised or two class, problems, the GAN domain Pseudo-labeling is based on a theory approaches are the least likely biasing GANs utilize what is best described as a was expanded to classification problems of known as Entropy Regularization that Figure 4: training strategy as the cluster statistics are two-player game between a discriminator more than two classes. Figure 3 displays a assumes data points exist in clusters, top: Sparse labeled data has ambiguous network and a generator network. high-density pockets in some feature drawn predominantly by unlabeled data. series of experiments with the discriminator class boundaries, space. The pseudo-labels are created by a Iteratively, the generator creates synthetic alone (blue diamonds and gray squares) middle: Unlabeled TOOLS AND APPROACHES examples and the discriminator decides and with a GAN processor (green triangles) type of clustering algorithm, locating the data with pseudo- whether these examples are real or fake using different network sizes. All of the decision boundaries that separate these labels (outlines) added Raytheon has developed a number of (Figure 2). The generator creates the fake experiments provided statistically similar high-density clusters. Consider a small set to dataset, bottom: Re-training with tools and approaches to maximize training examples by transforming a noise source results and used feedforward of labeled data points for two classes in a efficiency and mitigate the effects of pseudo-labels corrects into synthetic data. As the game continues, backpropagation neural networks. The X 2D feature space as shown in top plot of decision boundaries limited training exemplars, bad labels, the generator learns to produce more axis represents the size of the network as Figure 4. The current decision boundary based on data and noisy data. These approaches include realistic examples and the discriminator network connections and the Y axis is the of the network, determined from sparsely population density. training with a mix of both labeled and improves its ability to separate real from number of training iterations. Since labeled data, is shown as a dashed line. unlabeled data, the use of generative fake examples. The generator is optimized performance was similar for all the The middle plot includes additional points adversarial networks (GANs) to train by mapping the noise signal onto the experiments, the GANs trained in from our unlabeled dataset. The centers more effectively with limited data, and training data and the discriminator is approximately 10 times fewer iterations. of each point are shaded according to the the generation of quantifiable evaluation optimized by how well it correctly detects unknown true class label and the outlines strategies and metrics for assessing or classifies both the real and the synthetic of the points are colored according to the performance. data. During the process, the generator current prediction of the network (pseudo- label). The training algorithm adjusts the

3 I. Goodfellow, J. Pouget-Abadie, M. Mirza, B. Xu, D. Warde-Farley, S. Ozair, A. Courville and Y. Bengio, “Generative Adversarial Networks,” no. arXiv:1406.2661v1, p. 9 pages, 2014. 4 S. Israel, J. Golstein, J. Klein, J. Talamonti, F. Tanner, S. Zabel, P. Salle and L. McCoy, “Generative Adversarial Networks for Classification,” in IEEE® Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop: Big Data, Analytics, and Beyond, Washington, 2017.

38 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 39 f e at u r e Strategies for Rapid Prototyping Machine Learning weights of the network to accommodate Size of Labeled Subset as much as possible all of the data point Method Why did the assignments. With a high density of points 100 600 1000 3000 algorithm detect located in distinct clusters, this will move these three targets? the decision boundary towards the true CNN 18.05 6.1 4.06 2.16 boundary shown in the plot on the bottom. CNN+PL 7.14 2.43 2.05 1.82 At each step, pseudo-labels are Shane Zabel, Ph.D. Lee:NN 21.89 8.57 6.59 3.72 But miss this one? re-evaluated, allowing them to flip to Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services correct assignments as the network Lee:NN+PL 16.15 5.03 4.3 2.8 Dr. Shane Zabel is the Artificial Intelligence discovers clusters in the unlabeled data and Autonomy Capability Lead for Raytheon CNN = Convolutional Neural Network PL = Pseudo-labels NN = Neural Network Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS), and consistent with the labeled data. Figure 6: Example results from ML algorithm 8,9 Figure 5: Average error rate (%) results for the MNIST dataset of hand-written digits using only a small also leads corporate core research activities in Historically, pseudo-labels have only number of labeled data points. Individual values represent the average error over 10 training trials, each machine learning. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Carnegie Mellon University with a specialization been applied to unlabeled data. However, with a different random labeled subset of MNIST. CNN+PL is the CNN trained with use of Raytheon’s balanced pseudo-label algorithm for the remaining ”unlabeled” training data. in electromagnetic diffraction theory and a master’s Raytheon has developed an informed degree in applied cognition and neuroscience with pseudo-label algorithm that takes into a specialization in neural network theory from the account noisy labels based on a known the same network using pseudo-labels questions about ML, such as what is the image translation,10 where DNN’s attempt University of Texas at Dallas. During his 14 years or estimated probability of correctness. (CNN+PL) are compared to a similar accuracy of a model’s prediction given a to learn the values of one modality from with Raytheon, he has held various roles of increasing responsibility, such as algorithm While extremely noisy labels have limited previous study by Lee using a neural classifier and sample of data, or which another, such as Electro-optical (EO) from developer, team lead, business development lead, use with most supervised methods, network (NN) and neural network with characteristics of the training data have the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). chief engineer, enterprise campaign lead and IIS we demonstrate that a high percentage pseudo-labels (NN+PL).7 greatest influence on a model’s accurate The ability to effectively utilize machine capability center lead. of label errors may be tolerated using this prediction of Sample X. learning algorithms in Raytheon products Dr. Zabel’s current focus is on artificial intelligence approach. Using the MNIST (Modified (AI) and machine learning (ML), emerging STATISTICAL METHODS FOR MEASURING While results on many classification offers tremendous advantages to customer National Institute of Standards and technologies where he can support customer ALGORITHM VERACITY and MAXIMIZING problems have been impressive, Raytheon’s missions. Both machine learning and Technology) hand-written digit dataset, missions by providing better insight from data, LIMITED TRAINING DATA customers often have limited training data artificial intelligence remain a strong focus at a larger scale, and with faster response times. our method achieves greater than 98% available for many applications yet require in the company’s technology roadmap as “Artificial intelligence has the potential to bring accuracy even if 70% of the labels are When failures occur in machine object metrics that attest to the veracity of an key capabilities for today’s defense systems. great benefits to our customers’ missions,” Zabel chosen at random, and more than 95% recognition algorithms, researchers often states, “and being able to integrate AI technologies algorithm’s results. Having an innovative accuracy if 90% of the labels are chosen have limited information on the root into customer solutions is very rewarding.” confidence metric based on examining at random. These results are competitive causes of the failure. For example, did Dr. Zabel’s subject matter expert (SME) level scene and target statistics will provide Steven A. Israel with recently published works.5,6 an algorithm fail to detect an object due Philip Sallee of knowledge and experience in electro-optical/ insight to a model’s applicability to a to occlusion, shadow, contrast, or other Franklin Tanner infrared (EO/IR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) specific test sample. Jon Goldstein sensor processing, computer vision, AI and ML When the proportion of labeled to known computer vision shortcoming? Was unlabeled data is small, pseudo-labels can Shane Zabel are generally recognized throughout the industry. the training data not representative of the Summary For the first 7 years of his career, Dr. Zabel become easily unbalanced, resulting in test data? Is the algorithm fundamentally Many challenges remain for the integration developed domain knowledge and experience all of the points being assigned to only flawed? Modern ML algorithms like deep of ML into the systems and technologies in EO/IR and SAR processing technologies, a few or even one class. To counter neural networks are particularly opaque of the defense industry, not the least of including system calibrations, image formation this, previous approaches restricted the and advanced exploitation methodologies. and provide little information to ML which is the ability to rapidly apply ML amount of unlabeled data that was used, He broadened this experience through architecture engineers and analysts (Figure 6). Along capabilities in dynamic environments of development for large-scale data processing which limits the amount of information with the tremendous benefits of the use limited training data. Raytheon has made and autonomous systems. available to the algorithm and to an extent, of AI and ML throughout industry, comes significant investment in this area through Dr. Zabel’s pivot to AI and ML began in 2012. performance. Raytheon ML scientists the need for greater empirical insight into the Independent Research & Development He completed a master’s degree in the subject, took a different approach, estimating how these algorithms are performing. (IR&D) of the approaches discussed in and strengthened his knowledge through small the percentage of unlabeled data points independent research and development (IRAD) this article, and experimental results in each class a priori, and enforcing a A primary underlying assumption of ML efforts. “I started my career working in image suggest that these techniques can provide more even split during the assignment of is that the relevant characteristic parameters and signal processing technology development,” meaningful performance improvements Zabel says. “In the 2011/2012 timeframe, when pseudo-labels. As shown in Figure 5, using of training data are representative of the with customer datasets. Other methods state-of-the-art in this domain pivoted to ML-based this approach with the MNIST dataset data the algorithm will be tested with under consideration include variational solutions, I began learning as much as I could compares favorably to previous published and required to discriminate in operation. on the subject.” autoencoders; triplet loss; and image-to- studies. In the figure, average error results Raytheon is developing a data-driven In his AI and ML roles, Dr. Zabel supports from the Raytheon experiment with a statistical confidence metric that will enterprisewide training activities, leading the 8 F. Tanner, B. Colder, C. Pullen, D. Heagy, M. Eppolito, V. Carlan, O. C. and P. Sallee, “Overhead Imagery Research Data Set - convolutional neural network (CNN) and provide insight into some fundamental machine learning training curriculum development An annotated data library and tools to aid in the development of computer vision algorithms,” in IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern for IIS, and supporting companywide software Recognition Workshop, Washington D.C., 2009. and information systems and computing 5 I. Jindal, M. Nokleby and X. Chen, “Learning Deep Networks from Noisy Labels with Dropout Regularization,” in IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2016. 9 Images from U.S. Geological Survey Department of the Interior/USGS U.S. Geological Survey. technology networks. 6 D. Rolinick, A. Veit, S. Belongi and N. Shavit, “Deep Learning is Robust to Massive Label Noise,” 31 05 2017. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.10694. [Accessed 27 01 2018]. 10 P. Isola, Zhu, J.Y., Z. Tinghui and A. Efros, “Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks,” 7 D. Lee, “Pseudo-label: The simple and efficient semi-supervised learning method for deep neural networks,” in Workshop on Challenges in Representation Learning, ICML, 2013. in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, 2017.

40 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 41 f e at u r e

Detection, Extraction and Language Classification of Handwriting The written record is considered by historians as man’s transition from pre-history. More importantly, hand- writing (and accounting) enabled the further development of civilization with records such as agricultural yields, livestock, births, and land ownership, which in turn led to centralized management and the rise of cities.

With such a significant role, it’s ironic that modern information processing systems cannot reliably “read” unstructured handwriting, particularly when of unknown language or mixed with printed CLASSI FICATION text and images. While Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of printed text has become robust, even routine, Handwriting Character Recognition (HCR) remains stubbornly difficult except for controlled input conditions. The few successful applications, such as postal code address reading, or form scanning, require a defined input format of expected content. This article will address the general OF HANDWRITING more difficult problem of extracting and classifying handwriting of unknown location, size, color, content, and language, in a document also containing undefined images and undefined printed text. High value documents, such as mission plans, or intelligence reports, may be handwritten for cultural reasons or to frustrate electronic methods of surveillance. The age-old method of couriering sealed handwritten documents is impervious to modern threats of hacking and electronic attack. Most of today’s handwritten documents do not possess such levels of intrigue, but rather reflect everyday activities

42 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 43 f e at u r e HANDWRITING Binarization Handwriting Language Approaches Recognition Classification such as diaries, calendar notes, letters, Approaches Approaches and language classification depends Original Otsu Modified Sauvola to-do lists and other common artifacts. Speeded Up Robust Features on a good binarization which makes However, even these seemingly mundane Otsu’s method Line-cuts (SURF) with Support Vector easier the computerized interpretation snippets of information can shed light on Machine (SVM) classifier and classification of the handwriting’s an intelligence analysis problem if properly N-gram features with component objects. Modified Sauvola Deep Page Layout indexed and searched. Separating the method K-Nearest Neighbor classifier Otsu’s Method Versus Modified wheat from the chaff is an overwhelming Sauvola Method task given the large volume of documents Deep Learning – Convolutional Color Neural Networks (CNN) Otsu’s method1 calculates a global which contain unstructured handwritten threshold by maximizing the interclass notes, mixed with print and images. variance between the foreground and the Graph-based The first step in solving this problem is to background. This approach can completely discover the handwriting and determine fail when the handwriting is a light gray, the language so that the HCR algorithm such as when using a pencil, and the rest Figure 1: Techniques for segmentation, recognition, can be properly initialized. This is a big and language classification of handwriting of the image has darker interfering elements data problem due to the magnitude of such as machine printed text or images. Figure 4: Modified Sauvola method adapts to variations in lighting document datasets. It is a machine learning Niblack2 first applied an adaptive method challenge due to the wide variability to adjust the binarization threshold similar between languages, people, sensors Language Binarization Recognition to the way a Constant False Alarm Rate and environmental conditions such as Classification Automatic handwriting (CFAR) might be adjusted by making poor or uneven lighting. Figure 1 lists pixel map created using the threshold proportional to the local several techniques evaluated for a possible Figure 2: Simple algorithmic flow belies combinatorial blue filter mean and standard deviation of a sliding solution to this challenging task. complexity of technique selection and integration window. Subsequent experiments by The simple process flow shown in Figure 2 Sauvola3 showed that including a term does not reflect the combined algorithmic proportional to the product of the local complexity of integrating and evaluating mean and standard deviation could provide the various segmentation, recognition Java® better results. We modified Sauvola’s and language classification approaches. Image Database method to first pre-process the input For example, considering the techniques image using the stretch histogram in Handwriting Analysis listed in Figure 1, the total number of only those places that have energy over a system configurations is the overall MATLAB® threshold. Energy is detected by dividing product of all possible combinations of Algorithms the document into small sub-blocks. Figure 5: Blue color filter extracts handwriting written in blue ink algorithms for each stage. In this case At each sub-block position the maximum Figure 3: Separation of there are four binarization techniques, algorithmic processing intensity difference is recorded. The two recognition techniques and three from infrastructure enables resulting sub-block image is interpolated language classification techniques or scanned images and route the processed separation of concerns for to the original image size. Morphological For example, handwriting is often in blue 24 total (=4x2x3) which, when coupled result to the appropriate language each development team operations are used to select the higher ink as depicted in Figure 5. Algorithms with all the parameter settings of each specialist. They can also mark the machine energy regions for processing. Without were created to extract these text objects individual algorithm, can easily stress the learning results as incorrect or mark missed this technique of selective contrast by exploiting detectable color differences. test/evaluation capacities. detections for further analysis. stretching, the salt-and-pepper noise in The document is converted from RGB non-information bearing parts of the to the Lab color system in order to create Dividing the processing into three stages Handwriting Binarization document are amplified, causing false color filters. The Lab color system is a helps confine this complexity by allowing detects. Selectively stretching contrast in mathematically described color space algorithms at each stage to be optimized The goal of binarization is to convert this manner contributed to better handling where L is Lightness and a and b represent as an independent problem. Complexity the input document into a background of lighting variations and separation of the the color components green–red and is further managed through separation of represented by 0 (zero, or logical false), foreground images as shown in Figure 4. blue–yellow respectively. the document handling and user interfaces and a foreground represented by 1 (one, from the algorithm development within or logical true) which includes the objects Color Exploitation The blue Arabic handwriting is easily the evaluation architecture as shown in of interest, in this case handwriting. Separation of handwriting on top of extracted by the Lab color filter and sent Figure 3. In this way, the infrastructure is This simple procedure often proves to machine printed text is much less difficult if downstream for language identification. In able to scale to available resources required be a difficult task due to variations in a color difference can be exploited. the figure there is black Arabic handwriting to handle millions of documents in an illumination, condition of the paper, and other factors such as variations in automatic workflow and users are able 1 N. Otsu, “A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms,” IEEE® Trans. Systems Man Cybernet., 9 (1), 1979, pp. 62-66. to direct and annotate processing results. the ink. However, the success of the 2 W. Niblack, “An Introduction to Digital Image Processing,” pages 115-1 16. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1956. Users can point the system to collections of later stages of handwriting recognition 3 J. Sauvola, M. Pietikainen, “Adaptive Document Image Binarization,” Pattern Recognition, 33, 2000, pp. 225-236.

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Figure 7: Segmented word and phrase images used to build a training dataset

Figure 6: Page layout of a magazine article processed by the deep learning CNN. Green boxes are detected images, red are handwriting and yellow are text

below the blue that was not extracted by printed text. The problem with the line the blue color filter. In these cases, when cut method is that embedded images, there is no detectable color difference, such as those found in magazines or news Figure 8: Augmentation. a graph-based segmentation algorithm articles, also have unstructured variation Top row center is the is used to extract the handwriting. which can cause the algorithm to confuse original and below it images for handwriting. are affine left and right Deep Learning CNN Page Layout transformations. The Versus Line Cuts An alternate solution was evaluated using left and right columns Characteristic features that distinguish a deep learning convolutional neural are rotated versions. handwriting from printed text include network (CNN) to recognize handwriting, poor alignment of characters within a machine printed text, and images. word, or between words within a phrase The machine learning algorithm was first or sentence; variations in relative character trained with a dataset of printed text, sizes; and greater variation in character handwriting, and images. Then a page spacing than occurs in printed text. In order from a travel article about Washington a configuration option to process candidate Once the handwriting has been extracted to capture these properties, it is necessary D.C. written by the author was marked handwriting on top of detected images. various versions are created using image warping routines to slant the image to the to first properly align the suspected with handwriting and processed as an The most difficult part of machine learning left and to the right. The middle column handwriting, and then measure the lack image by the algorithm (Figure 6). The red is oftentimes training set preparation. of Figure 8 shows the original extracted of printed text uniformity. Conventional boxes indicate handwriting detected by In this case, the available handwriting data handwriting (top) and below it, two warped methods to distinguish handwriting the CNN and the green boxes are detected consisted of a collection of handwritten versions of the image. In addition, each from machine printed text exploit these images. Since the entire page is an image, documents in various languages. Our image is rotated left and right through variations using a line cut method. Non- the deep learning CNN is detecting images approach segmented each document into 1 degree increments up to +/- 8 degrees uniformities between characters and words inside the overall image. Similar to the line a collection of small, binarized images as (left and right columns). can be measured with a horizontal line cut. cut problem, handwriting is sometimes shown in Figure 7. Vertical line cuts can detect the uniformity falsely detected inside the images. of lower and upper case variation in However, in this implementation it is

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Language Classification Figure 9: Custom feature tokens detected in Line Shapes Horseshoe Shapes Circular Features Three methods were evaluated to classify french handwriting are used 1 Horizontal line 15 East horseshoe 19 Big lower circle to build n-gram feature the detected handwriting: SURF-based 2 Vertical line 16 North horseshoe 20 Big upper circle vector histograms features with Support Vector Machine 3 Lower cross 17 West horseshoe 21 Small lower circle (SVM) classifier; N-gram histogram vectors 4 Upper cross 18 South horseshoe 22 Small upper circle 5 Lower T 23 Big lower horizontal oval with K-Nearest Neighbor classifier; and 6 Upper T 24 Big upper horizontal oval deep learning Convolutional Neural Net. Accent Features 7 Lower L 25 Small horizontal lower oval 60 Dot SURF-Based Features with Support 8 Upper L 26 Small horizontal upper oval 61 Dash Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier 9 Lower upside down L 27 Big lower vertical oval 10 Upper upside down L 62 Aigu 28 Big upper vertical oval Initial experiments utilized the Speeded korean 11 F 63 Grave 29 Small vertical lower oval Up Robust Features (SURF)4 algorithm 50 Diagonal line 64 Circumflex 30 Small vertical upper oval to identify keypoints in the training set. 51 Horizontal diagonal line 65 Tilde The strongest keypoints were selected to 52 Vertical diagonal line 66 Caron create a visual “bag-of-words,” which was arabic 67 Breve then used in a Support Vector Machine 68 Inverted Breve to distinguish the language classes.5 This 69 Hoi approach worked surprisingly well as an 70 Circle Accent “off-the-shelf” algorithm with no specific chinese customization for handwriting language The feature bi-gram approach takes Mahalanobis, Jaccard, Hamming, recognition, achieving accuracies of advantage of the fact that certain Euclidean, Seuclidean, cosine, correlation, more than 75%. handwritten strokes uniquely appear Chebyshev and cityblock. In general, together in certain languages. For Hamming and cosine distance measures N-gram histogram vectors with arrangement of circles and lines found in example, the letters ‘th’ are the most performed the best for this application. K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier Korean, “제 눈에 안경이다” (“beauty is common character bi-gram in the English The first step in this method was to The approach used in this study was to in the eye of the beholder”); the curves language. The circumflex found above the approach the problem in much the form n-grams using the feature numbers. be patient”); ê (e-circumflex) was assigned the feature“) ”لنت ربصا“ ,of Arabic same way as early day cryptographers, A profile n-gram histogram vector for the multiple orthogonal intersections of code of 64. The top part of the “e” is by noting that n-gram character sets each language was created during training Chinese, “见钟情” (“love at first sight”); coded as a “South horseshoe” feature (see from secret writing, (where n is 1, 2 and then n-gram test vectors were and so on for Japanese, Urdu, Persian, Figure 9). The feature bi-gram formed by or 3), exhibited statistical frequencies compared to it during test to estimate the Bengali, Hindu, Portuguese, Russian, 18 and 64 appearing together is common characteristic of the language the code language by choosing the profile vector Swahili, Tamil, Telugu, and Turkish. for the occurrence of the e-circumflex was concealing. By constructing sub-blocks that was the best match to the test vector. found in Afrikaans, Dutch, French, Friulian, of the text, we believed we could map Once each feature was detected and The experiments showed this as a viable Kurdish, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and their frequencies to a set of the major encoded into a number, the language technique, which could learn a language Welsh and would be prominent in their languages. Approximately 100 individual classification process began. The approach profile and match it against features profile vectors. A counter-example is the features were designed to capture the was patterned on the successful Cavnar extracted from never-before-seen data, 6 diacritics found in Arabic such as the fatah uniqueness of each language (Figure 9). and Trenkel technique used on characters achieving accuracies of up to 87%. and kasrah which are small diagonal marks For example, the French phrase, “Où (not handwriting) where histograms of The downside of this technique, however, placed above or below letters, respectively dans la forêt est le garçon étudiant naïf?” n-grams are formed to create a language is the complexity of coding the individual to indicate pronunciation. Depending on illustrates all five French accent marks: profile. An n-gram, in this case, is an feature detectors. the personal style of the handwriter they grave, circumflex, cedilla, acute and occurrence of two features together. would be assigned feature codes 50, 51, or umlaut. We first detected the appearance The language profile vector of n-gram 52. The Arabic bi-gram feature profile will of these marks and then encoded them as normalized counts is developed during have many occurrences of these feature features, assigning each feature a unique training and stored for each language. codes which helps distinguish it from Latin number. Next, a detector was designed for During testing, n-gram profile test vectors languages. We evaluated various distance each feature. Similarly, detectors for other of the test document are compared to the metrics such as Spearman, Minkowski, languages were developed, such as unique stored profile vectors. The “closest match” is the reported language.

4 Herbert Bay, Andreas Ess, Tinne Tuytelaars, Luc Van Gool, “SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 346–359, 2008. 5 Csurka, G., C. R. Dance, L. Fan, J. Willamowski, and C. Bray Visual Categorization with Bag of Keypoints, Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision, ECCV 1 (1-22), 1-2. 6 Cavnar, William B., and John M. Trenkle. “N-gram-based text categorization.” Ann Arbor MI 48113, no. 2 (1994): 161-175.

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0.95 Figure 10: Document words in the document are from the Handwriting language classification language classification same language, additional accuracy can requires the handwriting to be detected, accuracy improved be achieved by implementing a majority which requires correct page layout which via majority voting. voting scheme. Assume that the accuracy requires good binarization and so forth. 0.9 Increased number of of each language class is p, and all the words improves overall The immense variety of the unconstrained accuracy misclassification error probabilities are the input document types, combined with the same, then the P of a majority voting Per-word Accuracy correct cascade dependencies of the processing 0.85 scheme over n-words is given by the 0.7 chain, continues to make the handwriting binomial equation: 0.8 language classification on general 0.9 documents of any type a challenging 0.8 problem. Future work will explore the gain of various machine learning architectures The majority voting scheme can yield including more layers and extended substantial improvement as Figure 10 training sets for improved machine learning of document layout, handwriting detection 0.75 shows for per-word probabilities of 0.7 (red), 0.8 (magenta), and 0.9 (blue). and handwriting language recognition. A per-word classification accuracy of This work could also extend the techniques 0.7 converts to an overall document developed in the prototype system to accuracy of .95 after only 15 words are detect hand-drawn maps and circuit 0.7 diagrams which could have relevance 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 input into the majority voting. for counter-IED and other important Number of Words Conclusions intelligence applications. Deep Learning CNN Handwriting The deep CNN approach automatically Detection, extraction, and classification Language Classifier learns the features from the raw input of handwriting language are a Dr. Darrell Young Deep learning CNNs do not require the training images. The performance of Dr. Kevin Holley prerequisite to Handwriting Character language expertise to know which features the deep learning CNN increases with Recognition (HCR). Raytheon has most likely differentiate handwriting the number of layers and the quality of developed a scalable prototype system systems. Instead, presumably, the deep the input training set. In the prototype that accomplishes these tasks. Deep network learns the unique characteristics experiment, each convolution layer had learning algorithms were evaluated of each language such as the unique a rectified linear unit (ReLU) and batch for both the page layout and language L’accent marks in French and the inverted normalization. The cross entropy7 loss classification tasks. The deep learning question marks (¿) in Spanish. The deep function was minimized to select one of language classification performance net, conceivably, removes the need for one the mutually exclusive language categories was compared to more conventional or more language specialists that know the achieving accuracies up to 95%. SURF bag-of-words features with an peculiarities and distinguishing features of Post-Processing SVM classifier, and to a novel bi-gram each language; and one or more computer The language classification results are on a handwritten feature representation specialists to code the feature detectors. per-word basis. The evidence for declaring with a nearest neighbor classifier. The This large gain in automation obtained a language increases with the number development of the custom features from the deep net does not come without of words evaluated. If all the handwritten requires significantly more thought and a price. A new kind of specialist is needed programming effort, but could be useful to organize and feed the algorithm a in those cases where there is insufficient very large dataset of training examples. data to fully train the other machine Moreover, in some cases of rare and/or learning approaches. vanishing languages it is difficult to obtain The division of the problem into a sufficiently large set of handwritten manageable segments controlled the samples for training. combinatorial complexity. The end-to- end performance of the system requires each segment work as intended. 7 Bishop, C. M. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer, New York, NY, 2006.

50 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 51 l e a d e r s c o r n e r CORNER Technology Today spoke with Jeff Vollin about how research and TT: What are some key emerging technology is managed at Raytheon Missile Systems and his role and technology areas and why are “There really is something for everyone — LEADERS responsibilities as Technical Director. they important? so long as there is a passion and a good idea.” — jeff vollin JV: Today it is impossible to work in almost any area of technology without encountering Artificial Intelligence (AI) the future, and what obstacles might TT: What is a business technical and Machine Learning (ML). We use it prevent their adoption? This led me into a director (TD) and what are your not only in obvious ways such as target TT: How does Raytheon team position of coordinating IRAD investments recognition in complex scenes, but also with universities to develop day-to-day responsibilities as a TD? in our Electrical Systems Directorate for in some very unexpected ways such as technologies? not only high power transmitters, but also JV: While it varies a bit from business to sharpening an out-of-focus image. Some for all MS electronic technologies. And IDEA (Identify-Develop-Expose-Action) business, at Missile Systems (MS) the TD of the AI/ML technology is making a direct JV: We team with universities to gain following this, I was offered a position on Program run by Technology Area Directors has shared responsibilities to Corporate impact today, while some of it will need access to the newest thoughts in science the MS Technology Staff. (TADs), and finally Independent Research jeff Headquarters and to MS. For Corporate, considerably more time to mature. We and technology. Many of the problems that universities deal with require and Development (IRAD) projects. There I interface with the Chief Technology As far as hobbies are concerned, I enjoy are creating strategic partnerships with extended time spent with great focus is also the MS Hackathon and Conclave, Officer on all our advanced technology amateur astronomy, amateur radio, metal universities such as Caltech in the area of vollin, Ph.D. and concentration to solve. It is usually collaborative events where employees can plans and strategies. I coordinate Missile working in my home machine and welding autonomous systems. These partnerships not economically practical for companies think and innovate, sharing and building Dr. Jeff Vollin is the Technology Systems’ attendance at major events, shop, and woodworking. To support my help move our technology ahead quickly that need to make a product to spend upon ideas to create solutions to real world Director and Chief Technologist for such as Technology Integration week and astronomy hobby, I built a deck on the roof by mixing the theoretical work of a this effort, especially when there is no problems. At the enterprise level, there is emerging technology for Raytheon the Principal Fellows Workshop. I also of my house with a fiberglass dome to house university with the practical work of guarantee of useful results. By teaming also the Raytheon Innovation Challenge, Missile Systems (MS). He is answer any questions on technology from the telescope. The telescope structure Missile Systems. with a company like Raytheon, we can a terrific venue to develop ideas to solve responsible for selection, funding corporate leadership and monitor the required both machine work and welding. There are other key emerging technologies help the university to focus their thinking stated challenges. and oversight of MS fundamental MS IRAD investments relative to the other I also traveled this year to the Great pat e n t s that I am tracking as possibly “the next along practical lines, to solve real problems research and development programs, businesses, to ensure there is the maximum American Eclipse with friends that were I mentioned the TADs before. These are big thing” in their respective fields. One that the nation has. Raytheon gains from including advanced propulsion, amount of synergy possible between professional Astronomers. The experience people that take a year away from their is electric propellant, which is a unique the exposure to new ideas and new ways structures and materials, radio IRAD investments. For MS, I oversee the was great, especially with like-minded home organization to work in advanced combination of electricity and chemistry of thinking about problems that may have frequency (RF) and electro-optical annual process of selecting strategic IRAD friends regarding events in the sky. technology for the enterprise, in one of yielding a solid propellant that can be sensors, signal processing, as well projects, then oversee the execution of been unsolvable just a few years ago. our key technology domains. A great way turned on and off, literally with the flip as high-power-microwave and those projects throughout the year. Our to get involved in innovation is to know of a switch. When in the off position, high-energy-laser technology. office also coordinates all Missile Systems’ the TAD associated with your area of TT: What excites you about the material will not burn energetically, As a principal engineering fellow, university engagements whether they be TT: How does a person get involved interest, and engage with the associated technology at Raytheon? providing a propellant with unprecedented Dr. Vollin specializes in the design Directed Research, Research Memberships, in Raytheon research, technology Technology Network (TN). The TN safety and utility. Another emerging of high-power systems, transmitters, or just university services. JV: For me, the excitement comes from provides opportunities for enterprisewide technology I am watching closely is and innovation? and high- and low-voltage power the opportunity to see all the great science collaboration within that technology area, Integrated Photonics. This field is just systems. Previously as lead I learned about in my undergraduate JV: At MS, this question has many organizing activities for innovation such now making the transition from discrete technologist for power systems, TT: How did you get involved in education at CaltechTM come into reality. dimensions and pathways, but they all as symposia, workshops, and Technology components to complete subsystems he oversaw advanced technology technology and what are your Much of my career was spent narrowly start with an interest and a passion for Interest Groups. There really is something integrated on a chip; much like electronics in that area; and earlier he was chief focused on Power Electronics, my chosen what comes next. Early in my career, it for everyone — so long as there is a hobbies? made the shift in the 1980s. With engineer for the Vigilant Eagle program, specialty for my Ph.D. Working in the became clear to me that in a competitive passion and a good idea. photonic systems, all the size, weight and a high-power-microwave defense JV: My involvement with technology Technology office has allowed me to environment, the person who sits still power (SWAP) factors could potentially system against shoulder-fired missiles. started early in my career. I was involved expand my knowledge and influence quickly falls behind. Even then, the rate be improved by an order of magnitude Dr. Vollin earned a bachelor’s degree in the design of Raytheon’s High Power far beyond electronics into such areas as of technology change was so rapid or more. Commercial practice is moving in engineering from the California Transmitters and High Power Microwave propulsion; Guidance, Navigation and that a good idea today, was common TM quickly in this direction in the large data Institute of Technology , a master’s products, and I felt it was essential to Control (GNC); atomistic simulation; exotic practice tomorrow. I knew I needed to communications area, and our missiles degree in electrical engineering understand how these devices fit into materials and Artificial Intelligence. It is be searching along multiple paths to find TM use more and more high speed data all from UCLA and a doctorate in the overall strategy of Missile Systems. truly amazing to see all the technology that next big idea. That is where it all the time. There are many more emerging Electrical Engineering from the Not every missile contains an active RF our people can take from the imagination starts, with that new idea. Once the idea technology areas we are investing in, these California Institute of Technology. transmitter, and I wanted to understand and make into working products. I do has been formulated, the next step is to are just a couple that may not be widely which ones did and why. For example, miss being THE expert on one topic, now find a way to make that idea a reality. appreciated yet. those missiles that did not carry an active relying on other experts in their domains, For that, Raytheon has many activities transmitter, could they include one in but the rewards of being involved in many and programs from the basic MS Igniter technologies easily make up the difference. crowdsourcing tool, to the more formal

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Open Standards and Architecture MOSA divides systems into modules often down to the module level, impacting for Computing Systems connected through well-defined the MMSTN engineering disciplines. interfaces. This enables customers Raytheon produces computing hardware The VITA6 Standards Organization is to minimize “vendor lock”, 2 increase and also adapts other vendors’ hardware responsible for developing and competition, maximize interchangeability, for use in areas such as communications, defining key open and facilitate technology refresh whereby cyber, electronic warfare, radar, surveillance standards specifications pieces of a system are upgraded to and weapons. Many of the computing for embedded computing improve or augment capabilities without systems Raytheon builds on these systems and modules. VITA replacing the entire system. Open platforms are considered embedded — 48, commonly known as VPX-REDI,7 architectures, generally agreed to reduce systems designed to perform specific establishes the latest mechanical formats Mechanical cost and spur innovation through open functions within a larger system. Recently, and interfaces between the computing competition3, may also come at the Modular Open there has been a shift in customer module and the chassis. Within the VITA expense of performance and reliability.4 Figure 2: Enhanced Package requirements towards using embedded 48 framework are standards for different Systems Integrated Coldplate — computing systems with modular open Open architecture is commonly cooling schemes, including standard air an array of eight coolers systems architectures. This is due in misunderstood as a systems engineering cooling (VITA 48.1), conduction cooling for demonstration testing Architectures large part to the 2017 National Defense philosophy that impacts only systems (VITA 48.2), air flow through cooling (VITA Authorization Act (NDAA) requiring all engineers and system architects. However, 48.5), and air flow by cooling (VITA 48.7). Raytheon has enterprisewide provided them an opportunity to steer More specific to United States military technology networks established major defense acquisition programs architecture is “the fundamental The relative thermal performance of each receiving Milestone A or B approval after organization of a system5” embodied of these is presented in Figure 1. requirements and help drive the pace of products, the Sensor Open Systems to communicate and coordinate TM 9 January 1, 2019 to be designed and in its modules and interfaces, including the standard development milestones Architecture (SOSA) Consortium is technology needs and Air flow by (AFB) cooling techniques developed with a Modular Open System mechanical, electrical, and software to meet program needs. The VITA 48.4 developing consensus-based, open developments across the employ convective cooling across the Approach (MOSA) to the maximum interfaces. An open architecture will follow standard was ANSI (American National technical standards specifying a company. These networks help board surface by placing it in an extent practicable.1 defined standards for these interfaces, Standards Institute) ratified in 2018 and is reference architecture primarily aimed at ensure discriminating airstream. Air flow through (AFT) and available for use by any VITA member. Command, Control, Communications, technologies are available to our liquid flow through (LFT) techniques Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Open standards specify external mechanical system solutions that, in turn, plumb the cooling fluid into a finned heat Reconnaissance (C4ISR) sensor systems, 5.0 requirements, such as mounting, outline, provide our customers with the exchanger frame, conductively cooling including electro-optical and infrared (EO/ AFT: Air Flow Thru and interfaces. Internal components, for highest performance capability LFT: Liquid Flow Thru the board to the heat exchanger. As IR), radar, signals intelligence (SIGINT), example circuit card assembly (CCA) and at the lowest possible cost. shown in Figure 1, LFT cooling achieves communications, and electronic warfare 4.0 LFT heat exchanger, are mostly customizable. LFT (EPIC) superior thermal performance compared systems. The hardware working group One particular technology (advanced) An example of a customized internal to alternative methods. It can also support within SOSA “specifies relevant existing network is the Mechanical, component that still supports external high altitude operation. While conduction standards and, as necessary, develops Materials, and Structures (MMS) 3.0 Standard open standards is the Raytheon developed Typical materials and high Technology cooled applications may suffice in many new standards to achieve modularity, Technology Network (MMSTN) LFT AFT Readiness Level (TRL) designs Enhanced Package Integrated Coldplate (standard) current ruggedized processing module interoperability, and scalability within a that focuses primarily on (advanced) Advanced (EPIC),8 Figure 2. EPIC is a thin (less than 2.0 applications, liquid cooling will be chassis” for all subsystems within a sensor electronics packaging, advanced Air Flow By More expensive materials and techniques; 2mm in thickness) flexible microchannel e.g., pyrolytic graphite, heat pipes; necessary to transfer the heat dissipated product.10 SOSA is about two years old structures, emerging materials, heat exchanger that can directly couple to reduced test access by state-of-the-art processor solutions in and is in the early stages of identifying and thermal management. This (not including processors) AFT EPIC the processor lid or die without the need 1.0 Conduction (standard) the near future. and adopting relevant standards that article discusses industry shifts (standard) Electronic Package Integrated Cooler for silicone based conforming gap filler flexible heatsink plumbs the coolant to extend to the entire sensor system.11 Future toward open standards designs In response to interest from Raytheon and materials. The mechanical flexibility enables or into the electronic package sensor pursuits will require conformance and how these shifts change of Merit – Board Thermal Figure Normalized others, VITA formed a new working group EPIC to bring the coolant closer to the heat with SOSA standards that extend beyond and exert influence on the MMS 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 in early 2015, chaired by Raytheon, to source, rejecting nearly twice as much heat embedded computing to other subsystems technology domain. Normalized Thermal Figure of Merit – Processor Component write the standard on liquid-flow-through from a processor as other state-of-the-art and interfaces within the sensor system, VPX-REDI (VITA 48.4). Participation in a cooling solutions (pyrolytic graphite, heat the radar antenna for example. Figure 1: Board and Processor Figures of Merit (FOM) standards working group gave Raytheon pipes, etc.), extending the thermal limit of for VITA 48 Cooling Architectures and other members early access to the embedded computing processors well into new standard and lessons learned, and the future. Chris Koontz

1 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017. Sec. 805 Subsection 2446a “Requirement for modular open system approach in major defense acquisition programs; definitions.” PUBLIC LAW 114–328—DEC. 23, 2016. 6 VME (Virtual Module Europa) International Trade Association. 2 “Vendor lock,” also known as vendor lock-in, refers to a situation where a product architecture is customized or otherwise protected by 7 VPX (ANSI/VITA standard 46.0), REDI (Ruggedized Enhanced Design Implementation). intellectual property rights to the point where all upgrades must be performed by the original developer to avoid substantial switching costs 8 US Patents 8,368,208 and 9,553,038. 3 Baldwin, C. and Clark, K. “Managing in an Age of Modularity.” Harvard Business SchoolTM Publishing, 1997. 9 Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems is a sponsor-level member in the SOSA Consortium. 4 Christensen, C., Raynor, M. The Innovator’s Solution. Harvard Business School Publishing, 2003, p 133. 10 “Sensor Open Systems Architecture: SOSA Overview.” The Open Group. opengroup.org. January 30, 2018. 5 ISO/IEC 42010 - IEEE® Std 1471-2000 “Systems and software engineering — Recommended practice for architectural description of software-intensive systems.” 11 McHale, John. “Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA), an Overview.” Military Embedded Systems. March 17, 2017.

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After six weeks of design From one robot- and testing, the robots hit the competition floor. maker to another Teams competed in 2.5 minute rounds, where their robots picked up and moved “power cubes” Women engineers to earn points. mentor 100 next-gen robot-makers at FIRST® competition Hundreds of students packed a Pomona, California, fairplex; makers of robots that would do battle at the Los Angeles Regional FIRST® Robotics Competition. The atmosphere in the arena, themed to recall the 8-bit video Stephanie Yung, mechanical engineer, hosts a table of aspiring engineers. She was one of eight Raytheon engineers who offered advice to more than 100 young women from the Los Angeles games of the 1980s, was electric as As the young women rotated from table After the speed-mentoring event, the Regional FIRST Robotics Competition. to table, the conversations covered a wide next generation of robot-makers charged teams made last-minute modifications. variety of subjects, from choosing a college back to the arena floor, ready to take on to tips on navigating a career. Many of the challenges at the competition — and The competition brought together high “I am most looking forward to learning the attendees were interested in hearing beyond. Juranek and her fellow engineers school students from across Southern about confidence,” said one of the the engineers tell their own career stories. hope that the advice they offered will California to compete head-to-head with students before the speed-mentoring inspire the young women to join their “’Higher education will open doors robots they designed and built over a event. “I know women ranks in STEM careers. six-week period. Raucous cheers bounced are held to a different of opportunity,’” said April Sanders, off the walls as each team’s robot hit standard to do things a “ You need to play to your strengths. As you go a Raytheon systems engineer, when asked “I support STEM programs with the the arena floor. Operators, armed with certain way. I think that about her story. “These are words that hope that I will be able to help young through high school and college and then get I heard repeatedly as a child of a single women see the potential in themselves,” controllers designed by their teammates, talking about it helps into the workplace you’re going to have an deftly moved their robots along the arena relieve the stress of mother and high school dropout.” said Juranek. “The new generation of opportunity to find what your strengths are.” women engineers approach problems floor, picking up bright yellow boxes and wanting to be perfect in In an ongoing effort to narrow the differently than my generation did — depositing them into bins for points. a society where no one — ANgela juranek gender gap and increase diversity in the I want them to be part of my future teams, is perfect.” Raytheon SPACE SYSTEMS program manager workplace, Raytheon sponsors FIRST During a break in the competition’s action, sit at the table with other engineers and Robotics teams from across the country. 100 of the young women behind the The engineers design incredible things.” robots met with eight Raytheon women encouraged the young Employee volunteers spend thousands engineers at a speed-mentoring event in women to own their chair as future leaders of hours coaching robotics team members STEM advocate Angela Juranek shares college and career advice the conference center next door. Their in science, technology, engineering and and providing mentorship to students looking to make their mark in science, with future women engineers at mission? Share important lessons about math — the subjects known as STEM. the speed-mentoring event. making it in a field where women are technology, engineering and math. “You need to play to your strengths. often underrepresented. As you go through high school and college and then get into the workplace you’re going to have an opportunity to find what your strengths are,” advised Angela Juranek, a Raytheon Space Systems program manager. “My strengths are motivating and inspiring teams to get the job done, and that’s how I ended up becoming a program manager.”

56 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 57 s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t pat e n t s

left to right: ADAM M. KENNEDY, THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, JONATHAN T. LONGLEY, JOEL N. HARRIS, The invention USPTO Director Andrei Iancu; PATENTS BUU DIEP, STEPHEN H. BLACK, ROLAND GOOCH WEN-TE WU, JEREMY C. HERMANN, Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross; Wafer level packaged infrared (IR) focal plane array JAMES H. ROONEY III, HOWARD R. KORNSTEIN engine President Donald Trump; ISSUED TO (FPA) with evanescent wave coupling Hull robot drive system Principal Engineering Fellow 9227839 United States of America 9233724 United States of America at Raytheon, Joe Marron; RAYTHEON ERIC J. GRIFFIN, WALLACE H. SUNADA, JAMES W. RAKEMAN Raytheon Raytheon Chairman and CEO MICHAEL L. BREST Optically augmented weapon locating system Dr. Tom Kennedy Vacuum stable mechanism drive arm and methods of use At Raytheon, we encourage 9228645 United States of America 9234963 United States of America receives the people to work on technological 243007 Israel th 6227770 Japan ARTURO CAIGOY 10 million challenges to make the world Optical air slit and method for manufacturing optical KENT P. PFLIBSEN, BRIAN KEITH MCCOMAS air slits a safer place and develop Imaging system with multiple focal plane array sensors 9235115 United States of America U.S. Patent innovative commercial products. 9228895 United States of America 221840 Israel 2856093 France Part of that process is identifying 602013012145.1 Germany STEVEN M. STOLTZ in history official white house photo by shealah craighead 2856093 United Kingdom Creation of a maximally entangled quantum state and protecting our intellectual 9235811 United States of America Joe Marron knew he had a good idea. the innovation never stops The potential applications are many, he property (IP). Once again, the GEORGE D. HAMMACK said, including autonomous cars; a laser Adaptive dynamic cluster deinterleaving JUSTIN KASEMODEL But he had no idea it would make history. U.S. Patent Office has recognized 9229095 United States of America Broadband array antenna enhancement with spatially Raytheon’s history of innovation stretches radar that can identify objects with speed engineered dielectrics our engineers and technologists JAMES FLORENCE, JOHN R. STALEY Marron, an optical engineer at Raytheon, back to its founding in 1922. Its first and clarity could help a car’s artificial 9236652 United States of America found a new way to get real-time readings for their contributions in their Systems and methods for protection of eyepiece displays 227052 Israel successful invention was engineer Charles intelligence make better decisions. 9229216 United States of America from large laser radars, which use reflected G. Smith’s design for a tube that made it fields of interest. We congratulate ROBERT D. JOHNSON, NATHAN L. EVANS, JOHN D. BLOOMER, IAN S. ROBINSON, light to measure speed and distance. Through practical to run home radio sets from a wall And that would be another entry in REED W. NYGHT our inventors who were awarded BRADLEY A. FLANDERS Raytheon, he applied for a patent, and three socket rather than big, messy batteries. Raytheon’s near-century-long record; along Electromagnetic attenuating object and method patents from January 2016 Method and apparatus for image processing of electromagnetic attenuation years later, he got one. Not only did it confirm with Smith’s revolutionary S-tube, the 9230333 United States of America 9236660 United States of America that his idea was novel, it made him the Marron’s patent story starts just a few company’s famous breakthroughs include through June 2018. 220760 Israel years ago, when he was working on DAVID M. FILGAS, NATHAN P. DAVIS, inventor behind the 10 millionth patent in Percy Spencer’s 1943 patent application for VALERI I. KARLOV, PATRICK BARRY, JUAN C. SOTELO, ROBERT D. STULTZ, the electronics design for an advanced mass-producing magnetron tubes, which ADAM C. DURST the history of the United States. MATTHEW J. KLOTZ, VICTOR LEYVA laser sensor. Video-assisted target location helped meet a critical supply need for radars Laser system and method for producing a linearly “It’s equivalent to a guy who buys a 9230335 United States of America One problem with large laser sensors is in World War II. The following year, Spencer 2901236 France polarized single frequency output using polarized lottery ticket every month,” Marron said struck again, this time with a way to use the 2901236 Germany and non-polarized pump diodes that light fluctuates very quickly, creating 9236703 United States of America of his noteworthy new patent number. magnetron to cook food, resulting in the Ten Millionth U.S. Patent 2901236 United Kingdom an enormous amount of data to process. 221536 Israel “Eventually, it hits.” first commercial microwave ovens. THOMAS E. KAZIOR, EDUARDO M. CHUMBES, That means large laser radar arrays rely on JOSEPH MARRON SHAHED REZA, GERHARD SOLLNER SAIKAT GUHA Coherent LADAR using intra-pixel quadrature detection The odds of securing such a significant a series of converters and processors just to Raytheon’s more recent patents cover Double heterojunction group III-nitride structures Holevo capacity achieving joint detection receiver 10000000 United States of America patent number are long, but they improve 9231064 United States of America 9236883 United States of America create a coherent picture of what they’re many areas of emerging technology, I577012 Taiwan when you consider Marron’s achievements seeing. They can do it, it just takes time. such as a way to detect malicious code DANIEL ELLARD, DAVID MANKINS, and Raytheon’s long history of innovation. CLIFFORD S. BURNES, RYAN D. DEWITT CHRISTINE JONES, VICTORIA MANFREDI, in a computer system and a sensor that RALPH KORENSTEIN, CHRISTOPHER S. NORDAHL, Marron has turned his ideas into more To get that information faster and with Isothermal terminator and method for determining ALDEN JACKSON, WILLIAM STRAYER, can detect a single, low-energy light HUY Q. NGUYEN, RANDAL W. TUSTISON, JOSH KARLIN than 20 patents over the years, starting high fidelity, Marron called upon his shape of isothermal terminator particle, which could pave the way for RICHARD GENTILMAN, JOSEPH M. WAHL 9231287 United States of America Destination address control to limit unauthorized knowledge of two familiar technologies: Long wave infrared transparent window and with a 1991 concept to improve upon quantum communication. communications bifocal lenses. And Raytheon holds more digital cameras and FM radio. coating materials BENJAMIN L. CANNON, JARED JORDAN 9237027 United States of America 10000642 United States of America For Marron, having his idea alongside Multi-bandpass, dual-polarization radome with than 13,000 active patents — 4,500 in By redesigning a laser radar like a digital compressed grid DAVID E. MUSSMANN, MARK J. BEALS the U.S. alone — with more than 4,300 those historic breakthroughs — not to DAVID N. SITTER JR 9231299 United States of America Method and apparatus to provide simultaneous sensing camera, he could spread that data out Optical configurations for optical field mappings applications pending. mention the cool patent number — 2912721 France and transmission for dynamic spectrum access across many pixels, each with its own for back-scanned and line-scanned imagers 602013030914.0 Germany 9237043 United States of America processing electronics. Then, using an is “a real career highlight.” 10001636 United States of America 2912721 Turkey Those numbers tell a story, Raytheon 2912721 United Kingdom MICHAEL DEAN approach called quadrature detection, Chairman and CEO Thomas A. Kennedy said. “As an inventor,” he said, “to be able to ANDREW WILBY Method and apparatus for dynamic mapping which underlies many forms of wireless say I have Patent 10,000,000, that’s pretty Laser synthetic aperture sonar for buried object detection HOANG K. DO, CHRISTOPHER A. LEDDY, 9237059 United States of America “Raytheon engineers and researchers communications, those pixels would report 10006997 United States of America STEPHEN R. NASH good for the resume.” GHASSAN C. MAALOULI, BRETT J. YOUNG like Joe have been pushing the bounds Integrating image frames only the bits of data the sensor would JEFFREY A. SHUBROOKS, TRAVIS MAYBERRY 9232119 United States of America Extracting spectral features from a signal in a of what’s possible for generations. It’s need to draw a picture; in essence, it’s Ultrasonic consolidation with integrated printed electronics 244955 Israel multiplicative and additive noise environment 10010020 United States of America 9239372 United States of America what we do. We innovate, we solve hard a form of data compression. DONALD DENIS MONTY D. MCDOUGAL 2895877 France problems, and we create solutions that Multispectral camera using zero-mode channel 2895877 Germany explore new frontiers to shape an exciting “We can take terabytes of information and Systems and methods for malware nullification 9232130 United States of America 2895877 United Kingdom 10021128 United States of America future,” said Kennedy, an electrical translate it down into something that can engineer with a Ph.D. and holder of four be digested by a computer,” he said. U.S. patents.

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MICHAEL Y. JIN SHANE D. BLAIR, MICHAEL R. PATRIZI, DANIEL T. DONOHOO, VANESSA BATTAGLIA, HARRY B. MARR, JEFFERY JAY LOGAN, MARCO K. KWAN, ROBERT D. SCHAEFER, PHILIP C. THERIAULT Wide beam SAR focusing method using navigation RONALD LAPAT CHRISTOPHER B. GROUNDS DANIEL THOMPSON LOWELL A. BELLIS, MICHAEL JOSEPH ELLIS, Scanning telescope solution derived from autofocus data Electronically reconfigurable bandwidth and channel Heat map carousel for displaying health and status Creation of radio waveforms according to a probability BRIAN R. SCHAEFER 9291809 United States of America 9239383 United States of America number analog-to-digital converter circuit for information for an electro-mechanical system distribution using weighted parameters Non-rotating flexure bearings for cryocoolers and BRIEN ROSS 6072240 Japan radar systems 9262055 United States of America 9274542 United States of America other devices 9250313 United States of America 9285073 United States of America Variable magnification indicator in sighting system 9291810 United States of America WILLIAM SHANE POWELL, THOMAS L. CHEN JOSEPH M. ANDERSON, HERBERT A. LEACH, WAYNE P. O'BRIEN 6251807 Japan System, method, and software for cyber threat analysis YUEH-CHI CHANG, JIAN WANG, CHARLES G. GILBERT System and method for developing an object-oriented 2015336880 Australia 9241008 United States of America MICHAEL L. BREST TONY M. PONSFORD, ELI BROOKNER, Scanned antenna having small volume and high gain system RYAN SALSAMENDI 9263791 United States of America 9274762 United States of America Variable aperture mechanism for creating different DELMAR L. BARKER, WILLIAM RICHARD OWENS BRADLEY FOURNIER, PETER R. DRAKE System and method for hypervisor breakpoints Methods and apparatus for 3D radar data from 2D aperture sizes in cameras and other imaging devices 9292417 United States of America Infrared scene projector PATRICK CICERO JODY D. VERRET 9285653 United States of America 9241115 United States of America primary surveillance radar and passive adjunct radar 9250317 United States of America Directive, instantaneous wide bandwidth antenna System and method for automatic registration of 3D ROLAND TORRES 9263792 United States of America SCOTT RITTER, MATTHEW DAILY, JASON HOLMES, STEPHEN P. SHAFFER data with electro-optical imagery via photogrammetric Methods and apparatus for EMI filter having switched ANDREW L. URQUHART bundle adjustment MICHAEL NICOLETTI, JACOB BEAL, Use of sulfur hexafluoride gas to prevent laser induced BORIS S. JACOBSON, DONALD H. DESROSIERS capacitance based on loading System and method for indexing of geospatial data 9275267 United States of America CHRISTOPHER PARK air breakdown Wide input DC/DC resonant converter to control 9293248 United States of America 9242311 United States of America using three-dimensional cartesian space Smart garment and method for detection of body 9251191 United States of America reactive power PREMSAGAR GAZULA, ARTHUR R. CULBERTSON kinematics and physical state EDUARDO M. CHUMBES, DALE M. SHAW, 9263961 United States of America PRESTON POWELL, CHARLES L. HORVATH System and method for probabilistic name matching 9285788 United States of America KELLY P. IP, WILLIAM E. HOKE, STEVEN K. BRIERLEY MATTHEW T. CASHEN, STEVEN R. WILKINSON, 9275339 United States of America Weapon posturing system and methods of use GREGARY B. PRINCE Semiconductor structure with layers having different TODD O. CLATTERBUCK THOMAS OHKI, ANDREW KENT 9243869 United States of America Low complexity non-integer adaptive sample LARISA ANGELIQUE NATALYA STEPHAN, hydrogen contents Distribution system for optical reference Magnetic memory system and methods in various 2742309 France rate conversion THOMAS F. BRUKIEWA, WILLIAM B. NOBLE 9293379 United States of America 602012016873.0 Germany 9252795 United States of America modes of operation 9264065 United States of America 2742309 United Kingdom 2652564 France Memory based electronically scanned array antenna 9286962 United States of America DAVID A. ROCKWELL, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV control 2652564 Germany WILLIAM B. NOBLE, HARRY B. MARR, Method and apparatus for high-power raman BRIAN S. BOTTHOF, HENRI Y. KIM, 2652564 United Kingdom 9276315 United States of America CODY B. MOODY DANIEL THOMPSON, STEVEN G. DANIELSON, 2803112 Finland beam-combining in a multimode optical fiber GARRETT L. HALL, KIM L. CHRISTIANSON Hermetically sealed wafer packages 9293888 United States of America MATTHEW NEUMANN, MICHAEL W. SMITH LARISA ANGELIQUE NATALYA STEPHAN, 2803112 France 9287237 United States of America Low-collateral damage directed fragmentation munition 244598 Israel 602012041648.3 Germany 9243876 United States of America Distributed network encryption key generation JULIA L. KARL, PAUL YUE I545665 Taiwan 2803112 United Kingdom 3172525 France 9253171 United States of America Runtime creation, assignment, deployment and KENNETH C. KUNG, THOMAS J. FLYNN 3172525 Germany updating of arbitrary radio waveform techniques DAVID C. COOK, DAVID A. FAULKNER, SCOTT H. ALLEN, TIMOTHY I. MANN, ANDREW D. PORTNOY Electrical phase synchronization 3172525 Norway for a radio waveform generation device DYLAN MARTIN, JOHN OKERSON CRAWFORD, 9293924 United States of America 3172525 Poland JONATHAN T. LONGLEY, HOWARD R. KORNSTEIN, 9268551 United States of America System, method, and software for image processing PATRICK L. MCCARTHY, NICHOLAS D. TRAIL 9277141 United States Of America 3172525 United Kingdom JOEL N. HARRIS, JAMES H. ROONEY III 3014495 Denmark Multi-mode signal source MICHAEL D. VAHEY, IAN S. ROBINSON, Hull robot with rotatable turret 3014495 France MATTHEW T. KUIKEN, STEPHEN H. BLACK 9287615 United States of America JOHN D. BLOOMER DAVID G. GARRETT, LEONARD D. VANCE, 9254898 United States of America 3014495 Germany Correcting frame-to-frame image changes due to motion CHRIS E. GESWENDER 242950 Israel Infrared thermal imaging system and method MARK E. STADING, RICHARD D. YOUNG, 9277142 United States of America for three dimensional (3D) persistent observations ROBERT MARTZ, DAVID MATTHEWS 3014495 United Kingdom DENPOL KULTRAN, MARK T. RICHARDSON, Correction of navigation position estimate based on the 235861 Israel 9294755 United States of America geometry of passively measured and estimated bearings Synthetic processing diversity within a homogeneous JEFFREY SAUNDERS, GEORGE W. GERACE JODY D. VERRET, GRANT B. BOROUGHS, 214711 Israel to near earth objects (NEOs) processing environment RANDAL E. KNAR, TIFFANIE RANDALL, High speed, high efficiency, high power RF pulse RICHARD W. ELY 9243914 United States of America 9256431 United States of America LUKE M. FLAHERTY modulating integrated switch GREGORY S. VOGT, NATHAN M. MINTZ, System and method for automatically registering an 9287870 United States of America RUSSELL W. LAI, HUNG Q. NGUYEN, RICHARD W. ELY Gum rosin protective coating and methods of use MICHAEL S. BIELAS image to a three-dimensional point set JAMIL R. HASHIMI, RYAN D. RETTING, Method for detecting and recognizing boats 9277638 United States of America Adaptive electronically steerable arry (AESA) system for 9269145 United States of America RONALD L. RONCONE GORDON R. SCOTT multi-band and multi-aperture operation and method 9256619 United States of America BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON, Multimode shared aperture seeker ANTHONY SOMMESE, IAN S. ROBINSON, System and methods for using communication resources for maintaining data links with one or more stations in JOHN D. BLOOMER 9291429 United States of America JOHN G. WATTS, RICHARD J. KENEFIC BRADLEY A. FLANDERS 9295072 United States of America different frequency bands Imaging spectrometer with extended resolution 2989410 France Method and system for identifying clusters within 602014022050.9 Germany 9244155 United States of America Rapid anomaly detection (RAND) 9279724 United States of America DAVID M. LA KOMSKI, ANDREW L. BULLARD a collection of data entities 9269162 United States of America 2989410 United Kingdom 247532 Israel Thermal management system and method for space CHRISTOPHER J. BEARDSLEY, LUAN B. DO 9256681 United States of America FRANCIS J. MORRIS ERIK F. ITEM and air-borne sensors Video contrast enhancement with sub-segments ROBERT D. STULTZ, BRIAN F. BOLAND SARAH ANNE LAFARELLE, A HENRY MUSE Integrated capacitively-coupled bias circuit for Catamaran surface vessel with removable 9296496 United States of America 9245331 United States of America Calculation of numeric output error values for velocity Methods and apparatus for idler extraction in high 2965045 France RF mems switches power optical parametric amplifiers mission-specific payload module 2965045 Germany aberration correction of an image 9269497 United States of America 9291438 United States of America STEVEN R. WILKINSON, TODD O. CLATTERBUCK, 9280031 United States of America 6235049 Japan GABRIEL PRICE, JEFFREY L. SABALA, 9256787 United States of America I579874 Taiwan JOHN D. BLOOMER, IAN S. ROBINSON 2965045 United Kingdom MATTHEW T. CASHEN JOE A. ORTIZ CODY B. MOODY, ANDREW MALCZEWSKI, VALERY S. KAPER, ANTHONY KOPA Configurable combination spectrometer and polarizer MARK A. TAYLOR, DON R. TOLBERT Precision photonic oscillator and method for generating Shield for toroidal core electromagnetic device, FRANCIS J. MORRIS Differential-to-single-ended transmission line interface 9291500 United States of America System and method for providing efficient cooling an ultra-stable frequency reference using a two-photon and toroidal core electromagnetic devices utilizing 9270002 United States of America Switchable capacitor 3100012 France 9281128 United States of America rubidium transition 602015009082.9 Germany within a test environment such shields ZL201280074863.2 China 9297569 United States of America 9246302 United States of America 9257224 United States of America WILLIAM J. MINISCALCO 3100012 United Kingdom 6081076 Japan Free-space optical mesh network 6042984 Japan 10-1669033 South Korea / Republic of Korea THOMAS P. DEARDORFF, ROBERT J. COLE, JOSEPH A. TURNER 9270372 United States of America ERIC M. MOSKUN, IAN S. ROBINSON, DAVID A. ROCKWELL, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV GEOFFREY GUISEWITE System for scan organizing, managing and running 2014299312 Australia JULIA L. KARL, KENNETH E. PRAGER, LACY G. COOK Method and apparatus for temporally concentrating 6141459 Japan Associating signal intelligence to objects via residual enterprisewide scans by selectively enabling and LLOYD J. LEWINS, HARRY B. MARR High efficiency multi-channel spectrometer pump power to support generation of high 2015/05372 South Africa 9291501 United States of America reduction disabling scan objects created by agents Minimizing power consumption in asynchronous 9297654 United States of America peak-power pulse bursts or other time-varying 9258387 United States of America ZL 201380039223.2 China laser output waveforms ROBERT J. COLE, HEIDI KRUESI, dataflow architectures 236639 Israel 9281820 United States of America ROBERT J. COLE, GEOFFREY GUISEWITE 9246303 United States of America JOSEPH M. GWINN IV, JACK J. SCHUSS RICHARD WRIGHT, MAC A. CODY 5925965 Japan Associating signal intelligence to objects via residual 6345348 Japan Methods and apparatus for highly reliable Method for determining future position boundary for a moving object from location estimates NICHOLAS J. PLOPLYS, RICHARD J. KENEFIC reduction signal distribution 9297655 United States of America 9261587 United States of America 9273965 United States of America Multiple hypothesis tracking using maximum weight independent set 9291708 United States of America

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BRYAN D. STEPHAN, JEFFREY ROBERT SNYDER, JOSHUA STOKES KURT ROHLOFF WARD D. LYMAN, FREDERICK B. KOEHLER JASON M. SHIRE, KIM L. CHRISTIANSON, JOHN F. SILNY, GARY D. COLEMAN HARSHA MODUR SATHYENDRA Quantum dot-based identificaiton, location and marking System and method for merging encryption data using Passive safety mechanism utilizing self-fracturing shape JESSE T. WADDELL, THOMAS H. BOOTES, Angles-only initial orbit determination (IOD) Data fusion analysis for maritime automatic 9310516 United States of America circular encryption key switching memory material JOHN J. SPILOTRO, BRANDON J. CUNDIFF, 9352858 United States of America target recognition 9325671 United States of America 9334675 United States of America WAYNE Y. LEE 2920519 Canada JOHN WAGNER 9299010 United States of America 2885535 France Fuze shock transfer system 3063069 France 602014015170.1 Germany I579777 Taiwan Methods and apparatuses for monitoring activities AMEDEO LARUSSI, JONATHAN COMEAU, 2885535 Germany 9347754 United States of America 6106341 Japan of virtual machines MICHAEL A. GRITZ 2885535 Spain 3218666 France 3063069 United Kingdom CHRISTOPHER R. ECK 9311248 United States of America Imaging antenna and related techniques 2885535 Turkey 3218666 Germany Predicting edges in temporal network graphs 9329255 United States of America 2885535 United Kingdom 3218666 Norway CASEY T. STREUBER described by near-bipartite data sets RYAN NOBES, KEVIN BURGESS WAGNER 6193488 Japan 3218666 Poland 9299042 United States of America Tactile feel control device I587576 Taiwan DAVID J. KNAPP, GREGORY P. HANAUSKA, 3218666 United Kingdom Shared-aperture electro-optic imaging and 9311791 United States of America CHADWICK B. MARTIN ranging sensor FRANCOIS Y. COLOMB, ROBERT E. LEONI, 2921744 Canada JOSEPH NIMMICH, MARK R. DESMARAIS, Offset aperture gimbaled optical system with optically AARON C. WALLACE 9354052 United States of America COLIN S. WHELAN, MATTHEW A. MORTON, MITCHELL P. AYOOB, ROBERT W. BOWNE, corrected conformal dome Methods and apparatus for adaptive motion STEVEN R. WOLF LACY G. COOK GERHARD SOLLNER TONY M. PONSFORD 9335126 United States of America compensation to remove translational movement Load spreading interposer Situational awareness personal service Optical forms for multi-channel double-pass Frequency selective limiter 9312607 United States of America between a sensor and a target 9300028 United States of America 9329262 United States of America DARIN S. WILLIAMS 9348021 United States of America dispersive spectrometers 6297603 Japan 9354116 United States of America Digital imaging bolometer and method of measuring 2515727 United Kingdom ANDREW N. DANIELE, VICTOR LEYVA, I620486 Taiwan MICHAEL Y. JIN photon radiation in a pixelated image MAURICE J. HALMOS KEVIN KNABE KURT ROHLOFF Sar image formation 9335218 United States of America LACY G. COOK 9329264 United States of America Simultaneous forward and inverse synthetic aperture Serial servo system and method for controlling System and method to merge encrypted signals Derived all-reflective afocal optical system with THEAGENIS J. ABATZOGLOU, aspheric figured beam steering mirror imaging ladar an optical path length and a repetition frequency in distributed communication system 9354317 United States of America PREMKUMAR NATARAJAN, SHUANG WU, JOHAN ENMANUEL GONZALEZ 9348126 United States of America of a mode-locked laser 9313181 United States of America PRADEEP NATARAJAN, ROHIT PRASAD 9300109 United States of America Bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging 222553 Israel 9335409 United States of America KEVIN BONGIOVANNI 3095163 France WALTER B. SCHULTE JR, JAR J. LEE, Fast computation of kernal descriptors 9330332 United States of America STEPHEN R. ELKINS, ERIK KAZIOR, Systems and methods for combining triaxial geophone 3095163 Germany REZA TAYRANI, JAMES A. CARR VICTOR LEYVA BORIS S. JACOBSON, BRADLEY S. JAWORSKI data for localizing nearby transient seismic sources 3095163 United Kingdom Differential high power amplifier for a low profile, VERNON R. GOODMAN, REBEKAH MONTGOMERY Frequency agile ladar Compact magnetics assembly 9354339 United States of America ASWIN ALMEIDA, MATTHEW A. BRANNIGAN, wide band transmit array Bare earth finding and feature extraction for 3D 9335414 United States of America 9349523 United States of America 9316723 United States of America point clouds DAVID U. FLUCKIGER SHELBY A. EVANS, RUSSELL A. FINK 2856204 France FRANK N. CHEUNG, KUAN Y. HUANG, PC CHIEN Robust autofocus algorithm for multi-spectral imaging Method and apparatus for providing adaptive 9330435 United States of America GARY MOORE, ROBERT E. DESROCHERS II 602012021534.8 Germany Inter-processor memory Amplitude-noise reduction system and method for systems self-synchronized dynamic address translation as 6121523 Japan BRUCE W. CHIGNOLA, BRANDON W. BLACKBURN, 9335947 United States of America ultra-low phase-noise oscillators 9354489 United States of America an intrusion detection sensor 10-1647575 South Korea / Republic of Korea 246022 Israel TIMOTHY M. NORCOTT, KENNETH A. LEVENSON, 9350293 United States of America 9300638 United States of America 2856204 United Kingdom KURT ROHLOFF 6286567 Japan PAUL F. MARTIN 6318309 Japan System and method for operating on streaming JEREMY A. GODDARD STEPHEN J. RAIF Particle beam detector encrypted data STEVEN HAND, ROBERT J. SMITH ARTHUR M. NEWMAN, MARIO MARTINEZ, Synchronizing parallel applications in an asymmetric System and method for multiple hypotheses testing 9330882 United States of America 9338144 United States of America Phase-locked loop filter with coarse and fine tuning PABLO ARAMBEL multi-processing system for surface orientation during 3D point cloud extraction JEFFREY R. LAROCHE 9350366 United States of America Method and system for processing a sequence of 9304945 United States of America from 2D imagery Methods and structures for forming microstrip transmission GEOFFREY C. SPALT images to identify, track, and/or target an object on 9317968 United States of America Application of additive manufacturing processes to HANHEE PAIK JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER, lines on thin silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers a body of water efficiently achieve higher levels of hardware integration System and method for quantum information transfer 9355463 United States of America SIDDHARTHA GHOSH SUSAN C. TRULLI, SHAHED REZA, 9331153 United States of America I569305 Taiwan 9339974 United States of America between optical photons and superconductive qubits Dynamic polarizer having material operable to alter DAVID H. ALTMAN 9350460 United States of America JONATHAN COMEAU, JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, its conductivity responsive to an applied stimulus Patterned conductive epoxy heat-sink attachment JOSEPH E. HILLIARD JR., JACK J. SCHUSS, ANDREW C. MARCUM, PHILIP P. HERB, 2849589 Canada JEFFREY R. LAROCHE 9305948 United States of America in a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) THOMAS V. SIKINA KASSIE BOWMAN Semiconductor structure having column III-V 9318450 United States of America Multi-processor system and method for internal time syn- MICHAEL FRANCESCHINI, SCOTT SEIDEL ANGELO M. PUZELLA, KENNETH S. KOMISAREK, Method and system for characterizing an array antenna isolation regions I584429 Taiwan chronization and event scheduling of multiple processors Method and system for using selected bearer channels 9356045 United States of America JAMES A. ROBBINS using near-field measurements 9331751 United States of America 9342094 United States of America 9350504 United States of America 6227129 Japan Stacked bowtie radiator with integrated balun BENJAMIN DOLGIN 11201510052U Singapore 9306262 United States of America Eyepiece for variable lateral magnification imaging system STEVEN J. SILVERMAN, JOHN R. HARMON, MICHAEL T. BAHNS SARAH ANNE LAFARELLE, A HENRY MUSE 10-1789063 South Korea / Republic of Korea 2014296755 Australia 9323034 United States of America NILS PAZ Fast selection in hardware or software Misregistration correction I562333 Taiwan 10-1679543 South Korea / Republic of Korea 9342511 United States of America 9350917 United States of America JAMES E. SCROGGIN, GREGORY D. TRACY, Quantum synchronization for classical distributed systems 9331843 United States of America GABRIEL PRICE, STEVEN R. WILKINSON STEPHEN KUZNETSOV KENNETH L. MC ALLISTER, MICHAEL L. BREST, PAUL DUVAL, PAUL M. RYAN, CHRISTOPHE MERLIN, MICHAEL KREMER, High-speed low-jitter communication system Electromagnetic DC pulse power system including JULIO C. DOMINGUEZ, JEFFREY P. YANEVICH MICHAEL GEILE CHRISTOPHER J. MACDONALD JOUD KHOURY, DANIEL COFFIN, JERRY DOTY II 9356703 United States of America integrated fault limiter Thermal control in variable aperture mechanism for Modulation with fundamental group Photolithographic, thickness non-uniformity, Packet dissemination in a wireless network performing 2805440 France 9306386 United States of America cryogenic environment 9331885 United States of America compensation features for optical photolithographic distributed beamforming 602013035073.6 Germany 9323130 United States of America 9351314 United States of America 236497 Israel ROBERT EGRI, JONATHAN COMEAU semiconductor structure formation 242266 Israel CHRISTOPHE MERLIN, WILLIAM TETTEH, 9343328 United States of America 2919543 France 2805440 Italy Wideband interference mitigation system with KEITH MANNING 2919543 United Kingdom 2805440 United Kingdom negative group delay and method for wideband CHARLES G. GILBERT, JACKSON NG Just in time link transmission for a multi-frequency JAR J. LEE, STAN W. LIVINGSTON ROBERT BRETT WILLIAMS, LARRY L. LAI, GREGORY S. ROSCHE interference cancellation Beam-steered wide bandwidth electromagnetic band multi-rate multi-transceiver communication device Array antenna and related techniques 9306607 United States of America Submersible towed body deployment and recovery device gap antenna 9332399 United States of America 9343816 United States of America KYLE W. MAXHIMER, THOMAS BRENNAN 9323877 United States of America Device mount for an inflatable structure 9359046 United States of America STEVEN R. WILKINSON, ULVI YURTSEVER GREGORY P. HANAUSKA, DAVID J. KNAPP, 9352820 United States of America STEPHEN BLACK, TSE E. WONG, DAVID L. AMIL, JAMES A. PRUETT, System and method for synchronizing ground clocks CHARLES CHANDLER GREGORY D. TRACY, ADAM M. KENNEDY, CHADWICK B. MARTIN 2847072 France 9306727 United States of America FRANK L. SHACKLEE Coaxial waveguide antenna THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, BUU DIEP Offset aperture dual-gimbaled optical system 602013027432.0 Germany 9325074 United States of America 9347743 United States of America 234979 Israel Mechanism for defeating armor using ballistic weapons CHARLES HELLSTROM 2597727 France Hermetically sealed package having stress reducing layer 2847072 United Kingdom 9360265 United States of America 9334154 United States of America System and method for map collaboration 602012042967.4 Germany 9306990 United States of America 221237 Israel 2597727 United Kingdom

62 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 63 pat e n t s

ZACHARY WILLIAMSON, JOHN H. STEELE, BRENDAN H. ROBINSON, GARY D. COLEMAN, EVAN J. MATTHEWS, JOHN L. VAMPOLA, STEVEN E. BOTTS, RICHARD HENNEGAN PAOLO MASINI, STEPHEN H. BLACK PURNACHANDRA R. GOGINENI, JOHN K. YOOK WILLIAM J. MINISCALCO MICKY HARRIS, MICHAEL MCLAUGHLIN Methods and apparatus for signal sideband receiver/ Method and apparatus for inhibiting diversion JAMES A. PRUETT Power producing device with control mechanism Electro-optical payload for high-bandwidth free Electro-optical (EO)/infrared (IR) staring focal planes transceiver for phased array radar antenna of devices using an embedded accelerometer Launcher with multi-part pusher, and method 9371739 United States of America space optical communications with high rate region of interest processing and event 9400322 United States of America 9407820 United States of America 9360270 United States of America 2941384 Finland 9379815 United States of America driven forensic look-back capability 2941384 France 9386220 United States of America ANDREW KOWALEVICZ MICHAEL PACE, MICHAEL ROBSON GEOFFREY D. ASHTON 2941384 Germany RICHARD H. WYLES, CHRISTOPHER L. MEARS, 6295328 Japan Methods and apparatus for imaging without Photonically routed transmission line Autonomous coordination of agents via attraction 2941384 United Kingdom PETER C. ROBERTS, DONALD F. KING retro-reflection using a tilted image plane and 9407976 United States of America and repulsion Multi-color superpixel operational constructs for LAWRENCE YOUNG, STEPHEN B. WILDER, structured relay optic JEFFERY B. SAUNDERS, ERWIN M. DE SA, LACY G. COOK 9360320 United States of America focal plane arrays MARK Y. ISHII, JIWON HAHN 9400414 United States of America DAVID K. BARNETT, DAVID E. BOSSERT 9380244 United States of America Hybrid communication system for smartphone/tablet Ultra compact inverse telephoto optical system for SIEN-CHANG C. LIU Autonomous weapon effects planning network RICHARD S. JOHNSON use in the IR spectrum 9372053 United States of America 9411137 United States of America Methods and apparatus for a self-calibrated signal CHRISTOPHE MERLIN, WILLIAM TETTEH 9386514 United States of America Multi polarization conformal channel monopole antenna injection setup for in-field receive phased array Representation and solutions for simultaneous 9401545 United States of America STEPHEN J. SCHILLER, JOHN F. SILNY STAN SZAPIEL calibration system transmissions over broadcast medium JIYUN C. IMHOLT, THOMAS M. HARTNETT, 211207 Israel 9360549 United States of America Polarimetric calibration of a remote sensor 9380512 United States of America RICHARD GENTILMAN Image deflector for gun sights 9372119 United States of America JAMES R. STURGES, CHRISTOPHER BLAKE 9411148 United States of America Method of fabricating optical ceramics containing CARL POWELL, THAO HULL ROBERT M. GLIDDEN IV, MICHAEL H. MIKASA, Cable bend limiter DARIN S. WILLIAMS compositionally tailored regions in three dimension 9401589 United States of America MICHAEL D. RUNYAN, CHAD PATTERSON, Anti-wikileaks USB/CD device CLAY JOHNSON 9388086 United States of America 9361483 United States of America Ball joint gimbal imaging system with an off-gimbal CLIFTON QUAN, JOHN J. WOOTAN Carrier board for attachment of integrated circuit DENNIS A. MORRISON, ALLAN R. PECKHAM, directional electro-optic component RODERIC W. PAULK Rotary joint including first and second annular parts 9372340 United States of America to circuit board DONALD L. CHALOUPKA, NICHOLAS R. DESANY WARD G. FILLMORE, PAUL DUVAL 9380703 United States of America System and methods for storing and analyzing defining annular waveguides configured to rotate about Black core network system and method Air bridge structure having dielectric coating geographically-referenced data an axis of rotation 9362237 United States of America BRANDON W. PILLANS, FRANCIS J. MORRIS, 9401920 United States of America 9413049 United States of America RICHARD M. WEBER, ALBERT PAYTON, 9390105 United States of America MIKEL J. WHITE 6262370 Japan KERRIN A. RUMMEL CHRISTOPHE MERLIN, WILLIAM TETTEH TRAVIS B. FEENSTRA, MICHAEL J. SOTELO, Method for manufacturing a high-capacitance JOHN-FRANCIS MERGEN, RICHARD BARNES System and method of boiling heat transfer using Multiple simultaneous link transmissions for a MICHAEL Y. JIN KENNETH W. BROWN, ANDREW K. BROWN, rf mems switch Systems and methods for monitoring and mitigating 9373460 United States of America self-induced coolant transport and impingements multi-frequency multi-rate multi-transceiver Phase reference shift for sar images generated from DARIN M. GRITTERS 9383145 United States of America information leaks Modular spatially combined EHF power amplifier communications device sub-aperture algorithms KAICHIANG CHANG, JEFFREY C. UPTON, 9390272 United States of America 9362609 United States of America JOHN M. CONNOLLY, KEVIN BURGESS WAGNER 9402244 United States of America 9417324 United States of America JACK J. SCHUSS CHARLES T. HANSEN Powered sight mount CARY C. KYHL, WAID A. PAINE, ROBERT S. ISOM, ARTHUR R. CULBERTSON JARED JORDAN, BENJAMIN L. CANNON Method and apparatus for reducing sidelobes in 9383167 United States of America Maximum likelihood angle estimation of wideband JAMES S. WILSON Lexical enrichment of structured and semi-structured data Multi-bandpass, dual-polarization radome with large phased array radar with super-elements signals using phased array antennas 9373888 United States of America 9418151 United States of America embedded gridded structures ROBERT M. STOKES, WILLIAM M. BOWSER, 9391365 United States of America Vertical radio frequency module 9362615 United States of America 9402301 United States of America CLINT E. BOLEN, JERRY L. STILLER BRIAN C. URCH, ZHEN-QI GAN, TODD CALVERT STEPHEN KUZNETSOV HARRY B. MARR, DANIEL THOMPSON, Optical super-elevation device GEORGE J. GEIER, JAMES T. LANDON, Relationship identification system IAN S. ROBINSON Energy transfer and storage apparatus for delivery 9383168 United States of America FRANCISCO ROMERO THOMAS L. CAYLOR 9418174 United States of America Position and elevation acquisition for orbit determination of pulsed power Processing system with encoding for processing 9365303 United States of America 9373963 United States of America Autonomous range-only terrain aided navigation WILLIAM MAY multiple analog signals JEFFERY B. SAUNDERS, ROSS D. ROSENWALD, 2847609 France System and method for determining geo location 9404754 United States of America CHRISTOPHE MERLIN, WILLIAM TETTEH 9391631 United States of America ERWIN M. DE SA, DAVID E. BOSSERT 2847609 Germany of a target using locus of emitter positions (LEP) 2847609 United Kingdom PHILIP T. SHIMON, LACY G. COOK, Automated sensor platform routing and tracking for Frequency assignment with dynamic multi-transceiver 9383429 United States of America JEFFERY JAY LOGAN, HARRY B. MARR, BRENDAN H. ROBINSON observing a region of interest while avoiding obstacles resources DAVID COUTO, CHAD PATTERSON RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN 9374292 United States of America Auto-alignment system for high precIsion 9418560 United States of America ROBERT M. STOKES, TIMOTHY M. FRIEBEL Asymmetric power amplifier for digital beam forming Digital infrared holograms Battery pack masted head mirror 9367035 United States of America 9391684 United States of America JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, EDUARDO M. CHUMBES DONALD DENIS 9385403 United States of America 9404792 United States of America Semiconductor structures having a gate field plate and Multispectral imaging camera JOANNE M. ATTRIDGE, DAVID C. FISHER, ROBERT T. NARUMI, THOMAS ALLEN SPARGO, 9374563 United States of America JAMES A. WURZBACH, MANUEL T. SILVIA, methods for forming such structure MICHAEL R. PATRIZI SARAH E. LAW, BENJAMIN DOLGIN, MARK W. REDEKOPP, PARVIZ SAGHIZADEH COURTNEY KONOPKA 9419083 United States of America Regenerative frequency multiplier PREETHI PRATAP Complex layout-based topological data analysis of MICHAEL A. BARKER, MICHAEL S. ALKEMA, 9385655 United States of America Methods and apparatus for acoustic inspection analog netlists to extract hierarchy and functionality JEFFREY S. LARSON, WILLIAM G. GRAVES, Orientation measurements for drift correction BRIAN SCHULTZ, SHAHED REZA, WILLIAM HOKE, 9395447 United States of America of containers 9367659 United States of America ANDREW B. FACCIANO WILLIAM W. CHENG, MICHAEL H. LIOU 9404899 United States of America EDUARDO M. CHUMBES, ABBAS TORABI Doped barrier layers in epitaxial group III nitrides Rocket cluster divert and attitude control system Wideband multi-mode current switch for digital to CHRISTOPHER S. NORDAHL, RICHARD GENTILMAN, PAUL F. BERAUD III, SUZANNE P. HASSELL, 9377279 United States of America DAVID M. FILGAS 9419125 United States of America analog converter THOMAS M. HARTNETT, BRIAN J. ZELINSKI CHRISTOPHER R. ECK, BRIAN J. MASTROPIETRO 9385742 United States of America Planar waveguide faraday rotator Probabilistic cyber threat recognition and prediction HARRY B. MARR, CHARLES T. HANSEN, Solid solution-based nanocomposite optical 9405127 United States of America VALERY S. KAPER 9367694 United States of America BRIAN PIERCE IAN S. ROBINSON, HARRY B. MARR, ceramic materials 214769 Israel Output matching network having a single combined Method and apparatus for enhanced multi-node RAY TEN-SHING HSU 9395467 United States of America series and shunt capacitor component KURT ROHLOFF, DAVID COUSINS RYAN WILLIAM CARLEY, TIMOTHY R. HEBERT, 9419580 United States of America utilization of an electromagnetic state space Apparatus and method for efficient waveform MICHAEL USHINSKY, MITCHELL B. HAERI System and method for mixing voip streaming data for 9377527 United States of America JOSEPH A. FRASSA, MICHAEL L. MCFEETERS I569576 Taiwan portability between different platforms Broadband graphene-based optical limiter for the encrypted processing 9385798 United States of America Remote antenna deployment latch 9369273 United States of America SHAHED REZA, EDUARDO M. CHUMBES, protection of backside illuminated cmos detectors 9406994 United States of America DAVID G. JENKINS, BYRON B. TAYLOR, JEFFREY SAUNDERS DANIEL THOMPSON, JULIA L. KARL, 9397237 United States of America ERIC M. PALMER JASON REDI, BAKUL KHANNA Heterojunction field effect transistor (HFET) variable HARRY B. MARR 6193500 Japan BORIS S. JACOBSON, REGAN ZANE, System and method for providing thermal management Disrupted adaptive routing DANIEL SELTZER of an obscured laser system gain amplifier having variable transconductance Circuits and method to enable efficient generation of DAVID D. CROUCH, KEITH G. KATO 9369381 United States of America High efficiency zero-voltage switching (ZVS) assistance 9421641 United States of America 9379228 United States of America direct digital synthesizer based waveforms of arbitrary Multiple input loop antenna bandwidth 9397400 United States of America circuit for power converter JACK J. SCHUSS, STEVEN P. KEMP, 9407150 United States of America ELKA E. KOEHLER, ROBERT RINKER, 9385831 United States of America BYRON B. TAYLOR, DAVID G. ANTHONY GREGORY M. FAGERLUND, THOMAS V. SIKINA JEFFREY C. UPTON, ARSENIO VARGAS, PATRICK M. PETERSON Remote optical position sensing device and methods Methods and apparatus for dual polarized ANGELO M. PUZELLA, STEVEN D. NGUYEN, Systems and methods for presenting end to end 9423277 United States of America super-element phased array radiator KASSAM K. BELLAHROSSI 9379446 United States of America calls and associated information Calibration system and technique for a scalable, 9407764 United States of America analog monopulse network 9397766 United States of America

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DREW S. GANTER, MIKE ANDERSON, DAVID A. ROCKWELL, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV WILLIAM P. BALLANCE, DANIEL KILFOYLE, MICHAEL S. MITCHENER IRL W. SMITH, TERRY ANTHONY DORSCHNER JAMES A. WURZBACH, MANUEL T. SILVIA, KAICHIANG CHANG Compact raman generators IAN S. ROBINSON Fast time acquisition in a frequency-hopped High power optical switch COURTNEY KONOPKA Ship-based over-the-horizon radar 9438006 United States of America Apparatus and method for selective signal cancellation communications link 9470953 United States of America Methods and apparatus for non-contact inspection 9423495 United States of America 2853010 France 9444504 United States of America 9461701 United States of America 717901 New Zealand of containers using multiple sensors 2853010 Germany 9482506 United States of America STEPHEN R. MARTIN, STEPHEN P. MARRA, 2853010 United Kingdom MICHAEL L. BREST, THOMAS J. KOSTRZEWA, MATT A. KAHN, MU-CHENG WANG, DEVANSH ARPIT, PRADEEP NATARAJAN, JEANETTE M. MOODY, ALEN CRUZ, AMY M. YOSHIDA, ERIC J. GRIFFIN, MARK W. HENRY, GREGORY S. SCHRECKE, XIAODAN ZHUANG, WALTER ANDREWS, NICHOLAS D. TRAIL, DYLAN MARTIN, DANIEL THOMPSON, JULIA L. KARL, LEDFORD J. MEADOWS III, SUZANNE P. HASSELL, ERIC T. HUGHES, JERRY HERSHBERG STEVE DAVIDSON MANASVI TICKOO RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN KENNETH E. PRAGER, HARRY B. MARR GANGADHAR GANGA, PAUL F. BERAUD III Pulse width modulation control of solenoid motor Method for indirect link characterization and quality Class discriminative feature transformation Systems for sparse aperture optical alignment Low-power digital logic using a boolean logic switched 9471886 United States of America Adaptor implementation for internet protocol address 9448462 United States of America measurement of a digital network and related methods inductor-capacitor (SIC) circuit and port hopping 6123027 Japan 9461905 United States of America 9482521 United States of America 9438233 United States of America GILBERT A. FLORES, CHARLES CHU, 9424064 United States of America 2014259939 Australia CHARLES G. GILBERT, JACKSON NG CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ ARMANDO VILLARREAL, WALTER W. NORMAN STEVEN E. BOTTS, MICKY HARRIS, BUU DIEP, STEPHEN H. BLACK, ROLAND GOOCH, Polarization dependent electromagnetic bandgap KURT ROHLOFF Flexible electronic package integrated heat exchanger Nadir/zenith inertial pointing assistance for DAVID A. BUELL, JOHN L. VAMPOLA THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, ADAM M. KENNEDY antenna and related methods System and method to merge encrypted signals with cold plate and risers two-axis gimballs Systems and methods for combined staring and Method of stress relief in anti-reflective coated cap wafers 9450311 United States of America in distributed communication system 9472487 United States of America 9482530 United States of America for wafer level packaged infrared focal plane arrays scanning focal plane arrays 3025392 France 9461974 United States of America 6286537 Japan 9438798 United States of America 602014018757.9 Germany EDWARD P. SMITH, 9427776 United States of America 3025392 United Kingdom MICHAEL USHINSKY, MITCHELL B. HAERI JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER DAVID N. SITTER JR ZL201380040085.X China JOHN F. SILNY, GARY D. COLEMAN Sacrificial limiter filter Photodetector with surface plasmon resonance Afocal telescope configured as three or four mirror DAVID D. HESTON, MICHAEL G. HAWKINS MICHAEL A. BARKER, EDWARD J. MARQUART, Optical multiplexor switch for free space optical 9463977 United States of America 9472697 United States of America anastigmat for back-scanned imagery DEAN W. SMITH, JOSEPH R. CORRADO communication Bias circuit having second order process variation 9482853 United States of America GERALD P. UYENO, DAVID D. ACTON, Rocket vehicle with integrated altitude control 9438969 United States of America compensation in a current source topology MICHAEL T. HO 9450568 United States of America SEAN D. KELLER SHAHED REZA, MICHAEL F. PARKES, and thrust vectoring Mitigating low duty factor electronic attack (EA) JAMES A. WURZBACH, KALIN SPARIOSU 9465098 United States of America Optical non-uniformity correction (NUC) for active mode KENNETH A. WILSON 9429105 United States of America Method and apparatus for x-ray laser interrogation THOMAS G. RIBARDO JR, RICHARD W. ELY 3004791 France imaging sensors Microwave coupling structure for suppressing common 9440289 United States of America System and method for imaging device ROBERT B. CHIPPER 3004791 Germany 9473768 United States of America mode signals while passing differential mode signals 3004791 Turkey motion compensation Hybrid grin diffractive optics between a pair of coplanar waveguide (CPW) JOEL N. HARRIS, STEPHEN JACOBSEN, 9451166 United States of America 9465144 United States of America THOMAS M. CRAWFORD, PERRY H. FRAHM, 3004791 United Kingdom JAMES H. ROONEY III, JONATHAN T. LONGLEY, transmission lines MYRON E. CALKINS JR, RICHARD J. WRIGHT, 9484609 United States of America PAUL A. MEREMS, DAVID A. CORDER FRASER M. SMITH GERALD W. ROBERTELLO, BENJAMIN DOLGIN, VIJAY MURGAI WILLIAM RICHARD OWENS, KENT P. PFLIBSEN, Passive stability system for a vehicle moving through Hull robot CLAYTON DAVIS, MICHAEL R. MOAN, Reflection/absorption coating for laser slabs JAMES G. SIERCHIO THOMAS G. LAVEDAS a fluid 9440717 United States of America JAMES C. ZELLNER 9465165 United States of America Long range KV-to-KV communications to inform target Diplexing and triplexing of loop antennas 9429401 United States of America Multi-spectral optical tracking system and methods selection of follower KVs 9484632 United States of America JEFFREY PAQUETTE, SCOTT R. CHEYNE 9451185 United States of America IAN S. ROBINSON, ANTHONY SOMMESE, 9476677 United States of America STEFAN BADSTUEBNER, JIM L. BOOHER, Translating hinge BRADLEY A. FLANDERS DANIEL THOMPSON, NNAEMEKA OKAFOR, RON C. WILLIAMSON, CHRISTOPHER R. ECK, 9441404 United States of America IAN S. ROBINSON Independent covariance estimation and decontamination JESSE C. TEMKIN, REX M. KREMER, EDWIN MOLINA, AARON ROMULO, Satellite orbital determination (OD) using doppler 9466122 United States of America JOHN A. SCHLUNDT, ANNETTE R. MUELLER GARY E. MARCELYNAS, STEVEN P. KEMP CHADWICK B. MARTIN CHRIS MCLEAN, HARRY B. MARR Coherent aggregation from multiple diverse sources and kepler oribital elements Method and apparatus for high sensitivity particulate Dynamically reconfigurable channelizer Telescoping mast cable management system 9453903 United States of America ALF L. CARROLL III, NICHOLAS BRANNEN, 9485125 United States of America on a single display 9441761 United States of America ZL 201480030476.8 China WILLIAM R. FARIES, TSZ YIP, MIKE ANDERSON, detection in infrared detector assemblies 9429643 United States of America JOHN B. RIVERA-POVENTUD 9476818 United States of America BRIAN A. CRONIN, RAY B. HUFFAKER, GARY P. SCHUSTER SCOTT T. JOHNSON Intelligent independent battery management system STEVEN B. SEIDA, STEPHEN J. RAIF, MICHAEL BOARDMAN, NICHOLAS SUN, SEAN D. KELLER, GERALD P. UYENO, IRL W. SMITH Rf printed circuit board including vertical integration Architecture for gas cooled parallel microchannel and method JOHN J. COOGAN, WYATT D. SHARP III, NICHOLAS J. PLOPLYS Non-mechanically steered high-power laser transmitter and increased layout density array cooler 9467000 United States of America 9477135 United States of America 9485869 United States of America CARLTON E. NANCE, JODY D. VERRET, PAUL PRYOR Locally invariant global hypothesis tracking 9455213 United States of America Performance prediction for generation of point clouds 9441986 United States of America 2471095 France MICHAEL J. FEMAL JEFFREY R. LAROCHE, JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, ANTHONY G. GALAITSIS, JOHN J. FINKENAUR, from passive imagery 2839315 France 602010048643.5 Germany Methods and apparatus for reducing audio conference KELLY P. IP, THOMAS E. KAZIOR MICHAEL V. HYNES 9430872 United States of America 2839315 Germany 2471095 United Kingdom noise using voice quality measures Microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) damascene electrical Solid-liquid energy dissipation system, and helmet 2839315 United Kingdom 9467569 United States of America ROBERT C. SAUNDERS, JAMES J. RICHARDSON, MARK T. LANGHENRY, JAMES KENDALL VILLARREAL, interconnect for microwave energy transmission using the same ROBERT M. FRIES EVAN HAYNES MATT H. SUMMERS, THOMAS DEPPERT ROBERT S. ISOM, JUSTIN KASEMODEL, 9478508 United States of America 9486029 United States of America Maritime autonomous station keeping (MASK) Derotation assembly and method for a scanning sensor Electrically controlled variable force deployment airbag JAMES M. ELLIOTT 9430947 United States of America 9442003 United States of America ADRIAN WILLIAMS ERIC J. GRIFFIN, JERRY HERSHBERG and inflation Interconnect transition apparatus Monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) structure having Method for embedded feedback control for DARIN S. WILLIAMS 9457761 United States of America 9468103 United States of America JONATHAN COMEAU, ROBERT EGRI 6312863 Japan composite etch stop layer and method for forming bi-stable actuators Interference signal cancellor with active tunable Non-contacting electro-magnetic spherical planar motor ALICIA G. ALLEN, ROBERT K. DODDS, such structure 9488254 United States of America 6218939 Japan notch filter providing 3-axis control of a ball joint gimball mounted WILLIAM E. ELIAS, DAVID M. LA KOMSKI, STUART DAVID W. CHU, DAVID B. BRANDT, 9478652 United States of America 9431997 United States of America electro-optic system J. MARBLE, JAMES R. CHOW, CARL W. TOWNSEND, GREGORY PHILLIP SCHAEFER BRIAN F. BOLAND, ROBERT D. STULTZ BRIAN R. SCHAEFER, MICHAEL JOSEPH ELLIS, 9442185 United States of America KURT S. KETOLA BRANDON WOOLLEY Monolithic multi-module electronics chassis with Walk-off pump coupler TROY T. MATSUOKA, THEODORE J. CONRAD, Multi-layer advanced carbon nanotube blackbody Multi-level, hardware-enforced domain separation using KURT S. KETOLA, JAMES R. CHOW, multi-planar embedded fluid cooling channels 9478930 United States of America LOWELL A. BELLIS, JAMES R. CHOW for compact, lightweight, and on-demand infrared a separation kernel on a multicore processor with a CARL W. TOWNSEND 9468131 United States of America Cryocooler regenerator containing one or more Carbon nanotube (CNT) materials having increased calibration 2942967 Canada MICHAEL USHINSKY carbon-based anisotropic thermal layers shared cache 9459154 United States of America 6255514 Japan 9436619 United States of America thermal and electrical conductivity Laser crystal components joined with thermal 9488389 United States of America management devices 9443638 United States of America JAMES A. WURZBACH, MANUEL T. SILVIA, DOUGLAS M. BEARD, WARD D. LYMAN, MICHAEL PACE, MICHAEL ROBSON 9478936 United States of America KENT P. PFLIBSEN, MICHAEL P. EASTON, COURTNEY KONOPKA FREDERICK B. KOEHLER, ANTHONY O. LEE Optically reconfigurable RF fabric JEFFREY M. PETERSON CASEY T. STREUBER Heat-actuated release mechanism 9437921 United States of America Substrate for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) Method and apparatus for using acoustic inspection ANTHONY T. MCDOWELL, KENNETH M. WEBB, Time-multiplexed broadband and multi-filtered 9470213 United States of America hgcdte growth of containers to image objects TINA P. SRIVASTAVA, CHARLES A. HALL electro-optic sensor 9459238 United States of America 6005873 Japan JUSTIN KASEMODEL, ROBERT S. ISOM 9443923 United States of America Wideband active radio frequency interference 9488444 United States of America Dual polarized array antenna with modular multi-balun cancellation system board and associated methods 9479214 United States of America 9437929 United States of America

66 | TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 TECHNOLOGY TODAy 2018 | 67 pat e n t s

AMEDEO LARUSSI, KIM MCINTURFF, CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, ANURAG GUPTA, W. ROYCE ROYCE TAYLOR IV, RYAN J. KOLLER CHRISTOPHER BRYAN ALBERTS, CHRIS GRACE, MAKAN MOHAGEG ZACHARY HOFFMAN, CHARLES DIMARZIO ANDREW HUARD DAVID H. ALTMAN, JASON G. MILNE Method and apparatus to improve reel feeder efficiency PANAYIOTIS SHIAKOLAS, LETIA MAE BLANCO, Single mode large mode area optical fiber coil Systems and methods for random intensity Optimized monotonic radiation pattern fit with Coolant distribution structure for monolithic microwave 9513657 United States of America ANDREW PATIN, PRANESH ASWATH, 9535212 United States of America illumination microscopy ambiguity resolution integrated circuits (MMICs) KYLE C. GODFREY 9541749 United States of America KEVIN M. CHAPLA, DARRELL W. MILLER, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ 9488715 United States of America 9502330 United States of America Controlled release nanoparticulate matter 2917947 Canada JUSTIN KASEMODEL Methods and apparatus for deceiving optical augmentation JOHN R. HARMON, STEVEN J. SILVERMAN, delivery system 9535245 United States of America RONALD LAPAT Low loss and low packaged volume coaxial RF cable 9522241 United States of America NILS PAZ ALAN B. MOORE, ERIN L. KASHIWADA Electronically reconfigurable, piecewise-linear, scalable 9514862 United States of America Quantum clocks for a master/slave clock architecture JASON M. FANNIN, ALLEN M. SCHWARTZ, Method and apparatus for configuring control analog monopulse network STEVEN P. DAVIES 9541946 United States of America DAVID M. FILGAS, ROBERT D. STULTZ, NOEL E. JOHNSON, DAVID E. MUSSMANN, software for radar systems having different hardware 9502766 United States of America Detection of spoofed satellite signals architectures and related software products JUAN C. SOTELO 9523774 United States of America LAURENCE B. FINGER HARRY B. MARR, JOHN P. GIANVITTORIO, 9489195 United States of America DAVID M. FILGAS Microchip laser with single solid etalon and Integrated circuit for cyber security processing WALTER B. SCHULTE JR 2014290599 Australia Self-seeding high power laser interfacial coating BORIS S. JACOBSON, STEPHEN R. ELKINS 9536078 United States of America Electronic Rotman lens 10-1766602 South Korea / Republic of Korea 9502854 United States of America 9515448 United States of America Apparatus and method for thermal management 9543662 United States of America NORMAN W. CRAMER, BRIAN D. MCFARLAND, of magnetic devices 3114497 France KENNETH W. BROWN, TRAVIS B. FEENSTRA, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, ALEXANDER A. BETIN BRITT C. SAVAGE, SHAWNA KELLAM, 9524820 United States of America MATTHEW L. HAMMOND, BRANDON WOOLLEY 602013025858.9 Germany ALAN RATTRAY, SAMUEL DE LA TORRE Apparatus and method for reducing signal fading due ELIZABETH GRANT 6329558 Japan Mediated secure boot for single or multicore processors 502018000004667 Italy Reflective-type antenna band and polarization selectable to atmospheric turbulence System, method, and computer-readable medium 9536094 United States of America 6246947 Japan transceiver using a rotatable quarter-wave plate 9503182 United States of America for performing automated security validation on GARY M. GRACEFFO, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ 10-1836440 South Korea / Republic of Korea JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER, 3114497 United Kingdom 9490862 United States of America a virtual machine Methods and apparatus for constant baud rate FRANK A. BIRDSONG JR, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ STEPHANIE BOSTWICK, EDWARD P. SMITH 9516063 United States of America communication with varying effective data rate PAUL C. HERSHEY, ROBERT E. DEHNERT JR, FREDERICK B. KOEHLER, ROBERT RINKER, Coordinated simultaneous real and fourier plane 9525574 United States of America Two color detector leveraging resonant cavity ERNEST D. FASSE, ROSS D. ROSENWALD, imaging system and methods ALEXANDER NIECHAYEV, TED Y. LUMANLAN, enhancement for performance improvement JOHN J. WILLIAMS DARRELL R. ROGERS, THOMAS P. MCCREERY, 9503660 United States of America SHUBHA KADAMBE ANNE E. ANDERSON, MATTHEW R. ASHOFF, 9536917 United States of America Digital weapons factory and digital operations center Processing unknown radar emitters CHARLES B. BRADLEY II for producing, deploying, assessing, and managing TERRY M. SANDERSON, DAVID R. SAR JOHN D. WALKER, PETER D. MORICO ROBERT S. ISOM Methods and apparatus for underwater electrical 9519049 United States of America Message content adjudication based on security token digital defects Hybrid circuit assembly 9525676 United States of America Dual polarization current loop radiator with 9544326 United States of America near-field signal system 9504157 United States of America THEOFANIS MAVROMATIS integrated balun 9490873 United States of America System and method for real-time 3D object tracking SCOTT R. CHEYNE, ANURAG GUPTA, 9537208 United States of America ANDREW P. DOUGLAS, BRYAN W. NICKEL, DAVID R. SMITH, THOMAS DEPPERT, DENNIS A. MORRISON, NICHOLAS R. DESANY, and alerting via networked sensors DAVID H. ALTMAN 6195935 Japan HEINZ D. KLEMM, BRUCE E. MORGAN, CARL SHANHOLTZ 10-1687504 South Korea / Republic of Korea DONALD L. CHALOUPKA, ALLAN R. PECKHAM 9520040 United States of America Cold chassis for electronic modules and method JERRY D. ROBICHAUX, STEVIE ALEJANDRO, Methods to desensitize hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) of making same ALFREDO RAMOS Systems and methods for server and switch failover 9505666 United States of America ADAM M. KENNEDY, THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, PAUL C. HERSHEY, STEVE DAVIDSON, in a black core network 9526192 United States of America Air vehicle with control system mechanical coupler BUU DIEP, STEPHEN H. BLACK, ROLAND GOOCH MU-CHENG WANG 9546853 United States of America 9491122 United States of America YEVGENIY DORFMAN, JONATHAN HABIF, Wafer level package solder barrier used as ROY P. MCMAHON, JOSEPH C. KUREK Resource allocating in a network 3177887 France SCOTT RITTER 9537789 United States of America CLIFTON QUAN, HEE KYUNG KYUNG KIM, vacuum getter Cable with spring steel or other reinforcement 3177887 Germany Optical waveguide system for interrogating a plurality 9520332 United States of America member(s) for stable routing between support points 3177887 United Kingdom EDWARD M. JACKSON, KEVIN C. ROLSTON, of sensor nodes wherein a location of the received input BENJAMIN DOLGIN FANGCHOU YANG 2916672 Canada 9530541 United States of America signal is determined 3019441 France Imaging system and methods with variable MICHAEL J. LINNIG Multi-layer microwave corrugated printed circuit 9506779 United States of America 602014013549.8 Germany THOMAS WELLER, DAVID CURE, PAUL A. HERZIG, lateral magnification Elevation monopulse antenna synthesis for azimuth board and method 243086 Israel FELIX MIRANDA, PH.D. 9538096 United States of America connected phase array antennas and method 9491854 United States of America DAVID M. FILGAS 502017000124598 Italy 9547076 United States of America Flexible antenna and method of manufacture ERIC P. HUELSMANN, KENNETH A. TUCKER Asymmetric pwg with asymmetric cooling 6122220 Japan 9531077 United States of America HANS P. NAEPFLIN, SHANE E. WILSON 9507088 United States of America 3019441 Norway Apparatus for automated transfer of large-scale KATHERINE FEATHERSTON, VINCENT A. MAGLIO Rotational degree of freedom joint constraint 10-1752107 South Korea / Republic of Korea JOHN F. BUGGE missile hardware Composite launch acceptability region software 9494186 United States of America DAVID C. FISHER 3019441 United Kingdom Modular actuation device for an aerodynamic control 9540017 United States of America 9547924 United States of America Continuous-time baum-welch training surface of a missile ADAM TRIMBY, MATTHEW J. FLOM, 9508045 United States of America KIRK A. MILLER ETHAN S. HEINRICH, JOHN G. HESTON, 9531238 United States of America STEVEN E. LAU, STEFFANIE S. UNG STACY E. DAVIS MICHAEL M. FITZGIBBON, CHAD PATTERSON, Moving conformal window for large aperture Reworkable epoxy resin and curative blend for low Antenna lifting apparatus and related techniques TIMOTHY E. CABER CYNTHIA Y. HANG, SAMUEL D. TONOMURA, STEPHEN KUZNETSOV optics on aircraft mounted pods thermal expansion applications 9496595 United States of America Image processing system and method for calculating ANTHONY M. PETRUCELLI Inertial energy storage system and hydro-fluoro-ether 9540092 United States of America 9548252 United States of America transformation parameters to register a first image to 250276 Israel 10-1823979 South Korea / Republic of Korea KEITH G. KATO, DAVID D. CROUCH Integrated circuit system having stripline structure power transformer scheme for radar power systems a second image 9520368 United States of America and large PFN charging I534196 Taiwan Multisegmented toroidal magnetic field projector 9508117 United States of America ROBERT D. TRAVIS 9500446 United States of America 9531247 United States of America Belted toroid pressure vessel and method for BRIAN P. HELM, MICHAEL G. HAWKINS BORIS S. JACOBSON, STEVEN D. BERNSTEIN 6335327 Japan MATTHEW J. FLOM, STACY E. DAVIS, ADAM TRIMBY Stacked power converter assembly making the same Circuit for improved fet switching speed LACY G. COOK Antenna lifting apparatus and related techniques 9541235 United States of America 9548730 United States of America Advanced optics for irst sensor having afocal foreoptics 9520793 United States of America STEPHEN KUZNETSOV 9509037 United States of America Electro-mechanical kinetic energy storage device and 6033793 Japan positioned between a scanning coelostat mirror and VALERY S. KAPER MATTHEW A. MORTON, TINA P. SRIVASTAVA focal imaging optics CHRISTOPHER BLAKE, HAYWOOD HARTWELL, method of operation JAMES G. SIERCHIO, RICHARD J. WRIGHT Frequency conversion system with improved spurious Multi-stage amplifier with cascode stage and 9531289 United States of America 9500518 United States of America JOSEPH RICCI, JAMES R. STURGES, DAVID A. SHARP DC bias regulator Coordinating waves of long-range strike weapons response and frequency agility 252742 Israel Automated cable breakout assembly 9520836 United States of America JUAN GONZALEZ, MICHAEL S. ALKEMA, (LRSWs) to attack a target set by passing observational 9548788 United States of America 9511824 United States of America ANDREW B. FACCIANO, ROBERT T. MOORE sensor data from lead LRSWS to follower LRSWS LYALE F. MARR, DOUGLAS J. HARTNETT, MICHAEL T. BORKOWSKI, 9541350 United States of America STEVEN A. MUSANTE RANDY W. WHITE, RICHARD L. SCOTT ANTHONY R. VULCANO, CHAD WENN Cluster rocket motor boosters Receptacle cleaning systems and methods for the same CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, ALAN J. BIELUNIS 9534563 United States of America Precision optical mount for optical devices Boresight insert for alignment of aiming system Radio frequency (RF) series attenuator module for MICHAEL S. SPANGLER, RODNEY H. KREBS, MI- 9550218 United States of America 9500836 United States of America with firing system of weapon bridging two rf transmission lines on adjacent JAMES R. MULROY, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, CHAEL S. BIELAS, ANDREW B. FACCIANO, 9513086 United States of America CODY D. TRETSCHOK, BENJAMIN MITCHELL ANDREW L. BULLARD, THEODORE J. CONRAD, MICHAEL R. PATRIZI, MATTHEW J. KOETH circuit substrates DAVID A. ROCKWELL Adaptive electronically steerable array (AESA) system for RYAN YATES Dynamically clocked dds for spur optimization JOSEPH P. FILICE, DAVID M. ZIMMERMAN, 9520853 United States of America Method and apparatus for fiber delivery of high power interceptor rf target engagement and communications Frequency-matched cryocooler scaling for low-cost, 9501087 United States of America ROBERT B. HERRICK, JOSEPH G. SHANKS, laser beams minimal disturbance space cooling A HENRY MUSE, SARAH ANNE LAFARELLE 9535211 United States of America 9541364 United States of America JOHN F. SILNY Misregistration correction using non-pinhole camera 9551513 United States of America Tunable multi-band spectro-polarimeter model and non-linear scan equations 9513162 United States of America 9521326 United States of America 252445 Israel

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ANDREW R. ROLLINGER RICHARD M. WEBER JOHN P. SCHAEFER, CLAY E. TOWERY CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, PHILIP M. HENAULT, BRENT L. SISNEY, JOHN JACKSON, MICHAEL JOSEPH ELLIS, DOMINIC R. GOODEN, Optical component including nanoparticle heat sink Aircraft thermal management system for cooling using Magnesium mirrors and methods of manufacture JONATHAN B. LANGILLE, JAMES A. ROBBINS ROBERT B. CHIPPER LOWELL A. BELLIS 9551839 United States of America expendable coolants thereof Compact microwave power amplifier circuit Optical configuration for a compact integrated day/ Cryocooler having variable-length inertance channel 9561857 United States of America 9575223 United States of America 9584080 United States of America night viewing and laser range finding system for tuning resonance of pulse tube DAVE S. DOUGLAS, TIMOTHY CAMPBELL, 6122842 Japan 9593945 United States of America 9612044 United States of America RYAN QUILLER, GREGORY O. GHEEN DONALD P. COX 10-1614595 South Korea / Republic of Korea KEN A. FETTERHOFF 2895801 France Bayes network for target identification Method and system to detect and characterize Ultra-wide field of view seeker ANTHONY RICHOUX, SHANNON V. DAVIDSON 2895801 Germany 9552554 United States of America electromagnetic pulses forthe protection of critical CHARLES B. BRADLEY II, JASON S. NADEAU, 9584724 United States of America System and method for topology-aware job scheduling 2895801 United Kingdom infrastructure components THOMAS FARLEY and backfilling in an HPC environment ALEX KIRICHENKO, THOMAS OHKI, 9562938 United States of America Service oriented secure collaborative system for DIMITRY ZARKH, COREY R. DELISLE, 9594600 United States of America PHILIP C. THERIAULT OLEG MUKHANOV compartmented networks PATRICK J. LOTT, DENNIS W. MERCIER Shooting system with aim assist Magnetic RAM array architecture BORIS S. JACOBSON, BRADLEY S. JAWORSKI, 9576146 United States of America Component support for dense circuit board JOHN F. SILNY, JOSEPH G. SHANKS, 9612088 United States of America 9552862 United States of America STEPHEN R. ELKINS 9585255 United States of America MARK T. BUSCH Power converter magnetics assembly THOMAS OHKI, KIN CHUNG FONG Temporally adaptive processing JAMES W. RAKEMAN, RICHARD S. HERBEL CHARLES CHU, ROSALIO S. VIDAURRI, 9564266 United States of America Josephson junction readout for graphene-based single JONATHAN E. CASEY, DAVID C. COLLINS, 9594978 United States of America Methods and apparatus for detection system having CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ 2015339980 Australia photon detector JEFFREY J. FARNUM, GORDON O. SALMELA fusion of radar and audio data Semiconductor cooling apparatus 9577176 United States of America Adjustable drive mechanism TIMOTHY R. MORRIS 9612326 United States of America 9553038 United States of America LACY G. COOK 9587710 United States of America Networked symbiotic edge user infrastructure Compact short flat-field Schmidt optics for CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, 9596989 United States of America THOMAS BENJAMIN REED LEE M. SAVAGE, LOYRA G. DIRZO, DAVID WILSON mm-wave operation MICHAEL T. BORKOWSKI MICHAEL G. KALIFA, ZACHARY WILLIAMSON Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) Signal detection and characterization 9565372 United States of America Microwave attenuator module Attack capability enhancing ballistic sabot ANDREW L. BULLARD cascode connected transistor circuit 9553620 United States of America 250701 Israel 9577303 United States of America 9587922 United States of America Multi-stage thermal isolator for focal plane arrays 9613947 United States of America and other devices GARY M. GRACEFFO, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ ZACHARY DUTTON, SAIKAT GUHA, JONATHAN COMEAU, MATTHEW A. MORTON, HARRY B. MARR, JOHN P. GIANVITTORIO, 9599274 United States of America PATRICK CICERO Orthogonal mode division multiplexing MARCUS SILVA ANTHONY KOPA WALTER B. SCHULTE JR Methods and apparatus for wide bandwidth antenna 9553687 United States of America Device and method for optimally distinguishing among Beam forming system having linear samplers Analog signal processing method for accurate single ANDREW R. ROLLINGER with enhanced connection antenna direction finding Fiber optic vibration detection 9614275 United States of America HARRY B. MARR, JEFFERY JAY LOGAN, an arbitrary set of coherent states of light 9577328 United States of America 9569730 United States of America I586099 Taiwan 9588213 United States of America 9599504 United States of America TYLER MILLER 6193496 Japan THOMAS J. MCDEVITT, JOSEPH CORN, Data communication using bandwidth modulation ERWIN W. BATHRICK, MICHAEL J. HOLIHAN THEODORE J. CONRAD, DAWSON R. BRUCKMAN ANDREW WILBY, JONATHAN PEARSON MAGOON CURTIS COMBS, DAVID A. BRENNAN, 9553693 United States of America Track collision avoidance control system Method and apparatus for back electromotive force Phase center alignment for fixed repetition rate JOE A. ORTIZ, PHILIP TODD, ROBERT F. STIFFLER, MACDONALD J. ANDREWS, CHRIS HAMNER 9569969 United States of America (EMF) position sensing in a cryocooler or other system synthetic aperture systems JAMES LAZAR Portable apparatus and associated method for phased ANTHONY T. MCDOWELL, CHARLES A. HALL, 9588223 United States of America Laser diode driver with variable input voltage and KENNETH M. WEBB, TINA P. SRIVASTAVA having electromagnetic actuators array field calibration STEPHEN H. BLACK, ADAM M. KENNEDY 9577562 United States of America 2958552 Canada variable diode string voltage 9614279 United States of America Feed-forward canceller Use of an external getter to reduce package pressure 9601904 United States of America 9553712 United States of America 9570321 United States of America STEVEN R. WILKINSON, ULVI YURTSEVER KEVIN M. GRAUE, COLIN R. GREENLAW, RICHARD T. REMSKI 6314227 Japan Quantum key distribution via pulse position modulation HERBERT L. RESNICK JAMES MCSPADDEN, BRANDON W. PILLANS Expanding lattice notch array antenna IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS Runway incursion detection and indication using Electronic module with free-formed self-supported JAMES M. ELLIOTT, SCOTT M. HESTON, 9577825 United States of America 9614290 United States of America Defeat of aliasing by incremental sampling I605701 Taiwan an electronic flight strip system vertical interconnects CARY C. KYHL 9571119 United States of America 9589472 United States of America 9603283 United States of America STEPHEN M. PALIK Method to align surface mount packages for BENJAMIN DOLGIN, MICHAEL A. TORENO, Digital read-out integrated circuit with modulated thermal enhancement JOHN CANGEME, MATTHEW A. MORTON, JOHN ISHIBASHI, THOMAS PEPIN, ISTVAN RODRIGUEZ, ALAN J. BIELUNIS, JOSEPH L. PIKULSKI, FRIEDRICH STROHKENDL, light source rejection 9554488 United States of America TINA P. SRIVASTAVA WILLIAM SULIGA, JAMES A. NALASCO CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON MICHAEL USHINSKY, CARL W. TOWNSEND 9615047 United States of America Transmit noise reducer Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) having Thermal management for high-power optical fibers CHARLES G. KRISTENSON, ALAN B. MOORE, System and method for determining soil characteristics 9571134 United States of America integrated high power thermal dissipating load 9606311 United States of America BYRON B. TAYLOR, W. HOWARD POISL RANDY A. WILD and drilling instability during horizontal directional drilling 9581018 United States of America 9589917 United States of America 6298165 Japan Molded dichroic mirror and method of manufacture Method, system, and software for supporting mulitple ARMANDO CARO JR, VIKAS KAWADIA, thereof radar mission types SAMUEL NELSON, JOUD KHOURY, WILLIAM B. NOBLE, HARRY B. MARR, CHAD PATTERSON, DUKE QUACH, ERIC J. GUDIM, LEE M. SAVAGE, 9618756 United States of America 9557406 United States of America WILLIAM STRAYER DANIEL THOMPSON, JULIA L. KARL, PAUL YUE, MICHAEL M. FITZGIBBON, ETHAN S. HEINRICH WILLIAM H. WELLMAN 2014329980 Australia Policy-based access control in content networks STEVEN G. DANIELSON, Coaxial electrical interconnect Iterative kalman filtering MICHAEL J. LINNIG 9571463 United States of America 9590359 United States of America 9606848 United States of America Voice pitch modification to increase command and STAN SZAPIEL LARISA ANGELIQUE NATALYA STEPHAN Runtime creation, assignment, deployment and control operator situational awareness Electronic eyebox DANIEL B. MINARIK, MARK S. LANGELIER BORIS S. JACOBSON ANDREW KOWALEVICZ, GARY M. GRACEFFO 9620140 United States of America 9557553 United States of America Extendable synchronous low power telemetry system updating of arbitrary radio waveform techniques Apparatus and method for a power converter and Continuous phase delay antenna for distributed sensors for a radio waveform generation device system having foldback current limit 9608335 United States of America MICHAEL Y. JIN DAVID S. GALVIN 9582265 United States of America 9571908 United States of America 9590524 United States of America Beam broadening with large spoil factors Preprocessor directive symbol analyzer devices I551068 Taiwan ERIC J. GRIFFIN, DAVID A. VASQUEZ, 9620856 United States of America and methods JERRY R. HINSON JOHN P. GIANVITTORIO, WALTER B. KALIN SPARIOSU BRIAN F. BOLAND, ROBERT D. STULTZ, 9558101 United States of America Fast signal surveyor SCHULTE JR, HARRY B. MARR X-ray cells and other components having gas cells YUCHOI F. LOK, PETER R. DRAKE, YUEH-CHI CHANG 9572056 United States of America JEAN-PAUL BULOT, DAVID M. FILGAS with thermally-induced density gradients Methods and apparatus for fragmented phased ANDREW GRONOSKY, JOSEPH LOYALL, Analog RF memory system System and method for generating high energy optical 9590760 United States of America 9609729 United States of America array radar MICHAEL ATIGHETCHI, FUSUN YAMAN SIRIN, JAMES P. MILLS, NICHOLAS D. TRAIL, pulses with arbitrary waveform 9620866 United States of America JONATHAN WEBB, AARON ADLER, PARTHA PAL GREGORY P. HANAUSKA, MICHAEL J. ADEN 9583907 United States of America MICHAEL P. DE REGO, WILLIAM RUDNISKY, WARD D. LYMAN, FREDERICK B. KOEHLER, System and method for protecting service-level entities Adaptive multi-wavelength laser illuminator JEFFERY JAY LOGAN MICHAEL J. BIRCH ANDREW KOWALEVICZ, GARY M. GRACEFFO JOSHUA COCHIN, EDIN INSANIC, WILL LELAND, 9560011 United States of America 9574749 United States of America Systems and methods to create message traffic Fracturing shape memory mechanical actuators Clock authentication circuitry for clock signals 3014211 France BENJAMIN BROMBERG 9591510 United States of America and systems (amended) 9621178 United States of America JOHN BURGESS, RYAN IRWIN, 3014211 Germany System and method for electrical charge transfer across 9611838 United States of America SUBRAMANIAN RAMANATHAN, DANIEL COFFIN, 3014211 Spain a conductive medium GILES D. JONES, WILLIAM PRICE, CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER WILLIAM TETTEH, GENTIAN JAKLLARI, 3014211 Turkey 9583954 United States of America CHRISTOPHER A. TOMLINSON, JEFFREY DECKER, Imaging system unit cell and methods for dynamic JASON REDI 3014211 United Kingdom 10-1809146 South Korea / Republic of Korea QINGCE BIAN, BRADLEY HUANG, range imaging Distributed assignment of frequency channels to 9621829 United States of America MATTHEW JONAS VALERY S. KAPER PETER WALLRICH transceivers over dynamic spectrum Directed energy beam power control system DC bias regulator for cascode amplifier Blank firing simulated firearm for use in combat training 9560653 United States of America 9593911 United States of America and method 9584072 United States of America 9574854 United States of America

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GREGORY W. HEINEN ROBERT B. CHIPPER, JIM A. MCINTOSH, JODY D. VERRET ALBERTO F. VISCARRA, JAYNA SHAH IRL W. SMITH, WILLIAM J. MINISCALCO GARY M. GRACEFFO, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ Methods and apparatus for enhanced tactical JAMES FLORENCE, JOHN R. STALEY, Methods and processes for interactive display of Radiator, solderless interconnect thereof and grounding Free-space optical network with agile beam-based Methods and apparatus for orbital angular radio performance GILBERT J. ISLAS, MICHAEL WATERMAN three dimensional covariance element thereof protection switching momentum (OAM) system 9622053 United States of America Direct view optical sight with integrated laser system 9646424 United States of America 9660333 United States of America 9680565 United States of America 9692139 United States of America 9632304 United States of America 2014238370 Australia JOHN P. GIANVITTORIO 602013030250.2 Germany CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, SHAHED REZA, RAY MCVEY, DAVID A. ROCKWELL ZL201480015950.X China JOHNATHAN W. CRAIG, GARY J. ROMMEL Expandable analog manifold 2929280 United Kingdom MICHAEL F. PARKES, KEITH R. KESSLER Method and apparatus for implementing a 2974081 France Serial data multiplexing 9622108 United States of America Coplanar waveguide transmission line structure rectangular-core laser beam-delivery fiber that 2974081 Germany 9692590 United States of America TERRY ANTHONY DORSCHNER, configured into non-linear paths to define inductors provides two orthogonal transverse bending 6318229 Japan JOHN T. BROAD JAMES A. PRUETT, FRED H. CLAIRMONT, AMANDA J. KIRCHNER, LINDA A. PALMACCIO, which inhibit unwanted signals and pass desired signals degrees of freedom 2015/05244 South Africa 2974081 United Kingdom Direct geolocation from TDOA, FDOA and AGL DANIEL P. RESLER, IRL W. SMITH, 9647310 United States of America 9664869 United States of America EARL E. SEYMOUR, TRAVIS MAYBERRY 9625566 United States of America STEVEN R. COLLINS 6271591 Japan Selective composite manufacturing for components MARTIN S. DENHAM, BRUCE E. BOZOVICH RICHARD DRYER having multiple material properties ADAM C. WOOD Liquid crystal control structure, tip-tilt-focus optical Multi-function radio frequency (MFRF) module and phased array and high power adaptive optic Current to frequency converter RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN 9694541 United States of America Thermal switch 9647655 United States of America Infrared laser holographic projector gun-launched munition with active and semi-active 9626853 United States of America 9632345 United States of America PAUL A. MEREMS 2013266159 Australia 2966353 Canada 9665065 United States of America terminal guidance and fuzing sensors 9683814 United States of America Thermal trigger with an integrated out-of-line DANIEL THOMPSON, HARRY B. MARR 2874616 Canada 252401 Israel 702327 New Zealand 6301563 Japan THOMAS OHKI, KIN CHUNG FONG lockout device for a thermally-initiated ventilation Beamforming engine I618362 Taiwan Josephson junction readout for graphene-based single JESSE T. WADDELL, THOMAS H. BOOTES, 9628164 United States of America system or other system CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, photon detector WAYNE Y. LEE, BRANDON J. CUNDIFF, 9696125 United States of America BISHARA SHAMEE, STEVEN R. WILKINSON DAVID COUSINS, KURT ROHLOFF JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, EDWARD A. WATTERS 9666743 United States of America KEITH A. KERNS, JOHN J. SPILOTRO System and method for producing high-precision MICHAEL SIMMS, IRBY THOMPSON JR, System and method for encoding encrypted data Bias circuit having reduced power consumption Munition with preformed fragments 9634613 United States of America electrical signals and continuous-wave optical signals JOSE I. VALDEZ, STAN W. LIVINGSTON, 9683822 United States of America MATTHEW NEUMANN for further processing 9647770 United States of America TIM GEHLE, ROBERT G. YACCARINO, 9628266 United States of America Technique for verifying virtual machine integrity STEVEN M. LARDIZABAL, ZHAOYANG C. WANG I608707 Taiwan FANGCHOU YANG TONY NEUMAYER using hypervisor-based memory snapshots KURT ROHLOFF Low power encoded signal detection Array antenna with shaped beam pattern for toll road Radar signal data processor 9696940 United States of America STEVEN R. WILKINSON, BISHARA SHAMEE 9684063 United States of America System and method for merging encryption data 9634703 United States of America collection system applications Precision clock enabled time-interleaved data conversion 9666932 United States of America MARIE W. METEER, JEFFREY STERN, without sharing a private key ROBERT L. COOK, RICHARD H. WYLES, 9647827 United States of America BENJAMIN DOLGIN 9628450 United States of America ROBERT SPINA, HENRY HOUH JAMES F. ASBROCK, SIMEON SYMEONIDIS STEPHEN KUZNETSOV High angular resolution low frequency radar with RAIMUND MERKERT, SUSAN N. GOTTSCHLICH Methods and apparatus for providing virtual media Method and apparatus for integrated sensor to provide System and method for parallel configuration of hybrid small antenna and high resolution low frequency SCOTT T. JOHNSON Predictive information transmission channels based on media search Multiple liquid loop cooling for electronics higher resolution, lower frame rate and lower resolution, energy storage module ground penetrating radar 9697231 United States of America 9648016 United States of America 9684069 United States of America 9629280 United States of America higher frame rate imagery simultaneously 9667232 United States of America 2400828 Finland 9635287 United States of America TSE E. WONG, SHEA CHEN, HOYOUNG C. CHOE RICHARD S. HERBEL MICHAEL D. THIELEN RICHARD L. SCOTT, JAMES L. DEAN, 2400828 France 222280 Israel Stress reduction interposer for ceramic no-lead surface Embedded system web server Accumulator-based phase memory LYALE F. MARR, RANDY W. WHITE 9697299 United States of America 602011023170.7 Germany mount electronic device 2400828 Greece JOSHUA M. GIBSON, NICHOLAS C. HANSEN 9671817 United States of America Primary mirror mount assembly and method 9648729 United States of America 2400828 Switzerland Vibration test methodology using an electromagnet 9684148 United States of America MICHAEL W. SMITH, MATTHEW NEUMANN 2400828 United Kingdom and related apparatus and automated testing system DAVID R. FLETCHER, DAVID D. HESTON 2957941 France Methods and apparatuses for securing tethered data KENNETH V. MILLER 602015004234.4 Germany with material handling robot Off-chip distributed drain biasing of high power 9697372 United States of America JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER Methods and apparatus for small arms training 2957941 United Kingdom 9638602 United States of America 9651343 United States of America distributed amplifier monolithic microwave integrated Multi-spectral super-pixel filters and methods CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, circuit (MMIC) chips ALAN J. BIELUNIS, CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, of formation TONY M. PONSFORD, RICK MCKERRACHER, 9673759 United States of America ISTVAN RODRIGUEZ, ALAN J. BIELUNIS JEROME H. POZGAY, JOEL C. ROPER, ISTVAN RODRIGUEZ 9630368 United States of America JIAN WANG, EMILY WANG FATEMEH TINGLEY, JAMES MCSPADDEN Field effect transistor having loop distributed field CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER Field effect transistor having two-dimensionally Virtual antenna extension for sampled aperture arrays Method and apparatus for controlling sidelobes of effect transistor cells TERRY ANTHONY DORSCHNER 9638793 United States of America Digital unit cell with bidirectional ripple counter distributed field effect transistor cells 9698144 United States of America Multifunction imager an active antenna array 9674471 United States of America 9685438 United States of America 9653799 United States of America 9631973 United States of America MICHAEL PACE, MICHAEL ROBSON DAVID J. KNAPP, KEVIN R. HOPKINS, WILLIAM G. WYATT, BYRON E. SHORT JR, JOHN A. CROCKETT JR, JAMES A. CARR, 6314232 Japan Optically transitioned metal-insulator surface JAMES R. TOPLICAR, BRIAN L. BALL, DOUGLAS MILLS, GLAFKOS K. STRATIS, JAMES A. PRUETT ROHN SAUER 9639001 United States of America JOHN D. CARPENTER, JAMES A. PRUETT, MICHAEL S. SMITH, RAYMOND A. GRAFFAM NICHOLAS D. TRAIL, DANIEL W. BRUNTON, Multi mode thermal management system and methods Active electronically scanned array antenna PAUL R. EMERY UWB and IR/optical feed circuit and related techniques JIM R. HICKS NORMAN W. CRAMER, MATTHEW L. HAMMOND, 9677793 United States of America 9685707 United States of America 9698458 United States of America Optical waveguide coude path for gimbaled systems ROBERT G. KRESSIG II Multi-aperture electronically scanned arrays I549367 Taiwan having an optical coupling element Secure switch assembly and methods of use RICHARD AMES ANDREW KOWALEVICZ 9653804 United States of America DAVID RUSSELL MCDONALD, 9632166 United States of America 9641176 United States of America Flechette weapon system and method employing System and method to detect time-delays in minimal energetic material DAVID CHRISTOPHER MANN, JEFF M. GALLAGHER, HENRI Y. KIM, TIM B. BONBRAKE, non-periodic signals OMID CHERCHIAN, KENNETH GOLDMANN, JOHN C. BODENSCHATZ 9677861 United States of America TJ WILLIAM ROSS, STEVEN A. MILES, 9698835 United States of America BRIAN R. GONZALES, DAVID M. ZEHNPFENNIG Methods and apparatuses for allocating KIM L. CHRISTIANSON MARCO A. AVILA Mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI) electromagnetic-spectrum jamming assets Method and apparatus for executing a weapon safety KIRK A. MILLER Image plane sensor alignment system and method CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER in global positioning system (GPS) signals 9641281 United States of America system utilizing explosive flux compression Optical path switching device 9689669 United States of America Imaging circuits and method 9632183 United States of America 9658044 United States of America 9678331 United States of America 9699395 United States of America I589907 Taiwan DANIEL J. WEISSMANN, WILLIAM G. WYATT, DAVID J. MARKASON, NICHOLAS D. TRAIL BRANDON H. ALLEN, RICHARD M. WEBER ANDREW L. BULLARD, ISLAM SHAWKI RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN Sparse aperture optical alignment methods REBEKAH MONTGOMERY, VERNON R. GOODMAN RICO CHANDRA, DONALD FLECHTNER, System and method for cooling structures having Reaction compensated tilt platform Additive ELX and mech interfaces for adapting 9690071 United States of America Methods and apparatuses for video enhancement 9658427 United States of America MICHAEL V. HYNES both an active state and an inactive state to COTS plug-and-play variance and video object tracking 6199475 Japan 9678545 United States of America EVERETT E. BAKER, BASHIRUL A. POLASH, Noble gas detector for fissile content determination 9644869 United States of America 9699453 United States of America CHRISTOPHER BALLARD 9632188 United States of America KEVIN W. PATRICK, JEREMY BART BALDWIN JOHN-FRANCIS MERGEN, THOMAS RODEN Constant input current filter for power supplies JOHN T. BROAD, LEE M. SAVAGE Ground structures between resonators for distributed HANS P. NAEPFLIN, DAVID VAN LUE, Secure time reference using multiple time sources and related system and method Frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) for geolocation ANDREW L. BULLARD 9645553 United States of America electromagnetic wave filters 9690315 United States of America 9702960 United States of America Secondary mirror positioning mechanism 9660315 United States of America 6087942 Japan 240918 Israel 9632282 United States of America HARRY B. MARR, DANIEL THOMPSON 251989 Israel Butterfly channelizer 6338786 Japan 9645972 United States of America

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RAYMOND SAMANIEGO, ANDREW J. PATTERSON, SANJIKA HEWAVITHARANA, MATTHEW ROY, CHASE DAVID GOODMAN IRBY THOMPSON JR, MATTHEW NEUMANN, MICHAEL S. LACKEY, THOMAS ALFORD, JULIE L. STASIAK, RICHARD A. DOGGETT, BENJAMIN MITCHELL SANKARANARAYAN ANANTHAKRISHNAN, Pin extractor MICHAEL SIMMS ROBERT F. STIFFLER ERIC P. HUELSMANN High-availability ISAR image formation FREDERICK CHOI, ROHIT PRASAD, 9722382 United States of America Hypervisor-based binding of data to cloud environment Apparatus and method for driving laser diode arrays Method and apparatus for ultra-clean seeker 9702971 United States of America ROHIT KUMAR ZL201480034215.3 China for improved security with high-power pulsed currents using low-side linear transportation and storage Active error detection and resolution for linguistic 9734325 United States of America drive with laser diode array protection and power 9758276 United States of America SIDDHARTHA GHOSH, WILLIAM STRAYER, DAVID MANKINS, translation DANIEL ELLARD, JOSH KARLIN, VICTORIA efficiency monitoring and adjustment JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER, 9710463 United States of America JOUD KHOURY, DANIEL COFFIN, 9748734 United States of America WILLIAM MAY KELLY JONES, DAVID R. RHIGER MANFREDI, ALDEN JACKSON, CHRISTINE JONES CHRISTOPHE MERLIN System and method for determining geo location Combined neutron and gamma-ray detector and ERIC MARVIN Destination address rewriting to block Systems and methods for scheduling of a MONTY D. MCDOUGAL of a target using a cone coordinate system coincidence test method System and method for generating a background peer-to-peer communications shared resource Systems and methods for internet traffic analysis 9759802 United States of America 9702988 United States of America reference image from a series of images to facilitate 9723023 United States of America 9736860 United States of America 9749295 United States of America JAMES A. PRUETT moving object identification STEPHEN M. PALIK, HECTOR A. QUEVEDO, WON CHON, DENPOL KULTRAN, HARRY B. MARR 9710911 United States of America THOMAS H. BOOTES, JASON M. SHIRE, KIM A. PHAN, JASON SLEPICKA, Hydraulic card retainer Discrete time current multiplier circuit STEPHEN P. SHAFFER JOHN J. SPILOTRO, BRANDON J. CUNDIFF, BENJAMIN T. WRIGHT, SHUBHA KADAMBE 9760134 United States of America 9703991 United States of America ANDREY ANDREEV Time delay and integration (TDI) imaging sensor KEITH A. KERNS Proactive emerging threat detection JEFFREY R. LAROCHE, KELLY P. IP, Axial strapping of a multi-core (cascaded) magnetron and method Fragmentation munition with limited explosive force 9749339 United States of America DOUGLAS M. BEARD, FREDERICK B. KOEHLER 9711315 United States of America 9723179 United States of America 9739583 United States of America THOMAS E. KAZIOR System and method for a switchable heat sink DAVID B. BRANDT, NATHAN R. FRANCIS, Methods and structures for forming microstrip 9704773 United States of America MATTHEW A. MORTON, GERHARD SOLLNER SCOTT E. JOHNSON, RICHARD M. WEBER WILLIAM H. WELLMAN, ERIC J. GUDIM BYRON E. SHORT JR transmission lines on thin silicon carbide on insulator Frequency selective limiter Ram air turbine overspeed protection Methods and apparatus for determining angle of Multi-level oscillating heat pipe implementation (SICOI) wafers JAY R. NEUMANN, PETER RANDOLPH, 9711839 United States of America 9725185 United States of America arrival (AOA) in a radar warning receiver in an electronic circuit card module 9761445 United States of America CHAD FULK 9739878 United States of America 9750160 United States of America Direct read pixel alignment MATTHEW NEUMANN, MICHAEL W. SMITH JAKE B. RANGE, KIRK A. MILLER, DAVID B. PECK 3123197 Denmark CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, DAVID M. FILGAS 9704907 United States of America Methods and apparatuses for reducing or eliminating Relative translation system 3123197 Finland STANLEY I. TSUNODA System and method for cooling a laser gain medium unauthorized access to tethered data 9726267 United States of America 3123197 France System and method to provide a dynamic situational using an ultra-thin liquid thermal optical interface KEITH E. SLOFFER, LAWRENCE P. DRURY, 9712324 United States of America 3123197 Germany 9762018 United States of America JOHN J. WILLIAMS, PAUL C. HERSHEY, awareness of attack radar threats CHARLES A. HALL 6328789 Japan 9753123 United States of America Integrated antenna and antenna component ZACHARY M. GAUBERT, JOHN R. STALEY, ROBERT E. DEHNERT JR, DAVID J. WISNIEWSKI 3123197 Switzerland JULIAN A. ZOTTL, MONTY D. MCDOUGAL, 9705185 United States of America JERRY D. SHORT System and method for asymmetric missile defense 3123197 United Kingdom WILLIAM J. COTTRELL DANIEL E. ABRAMSON, KEVIN L. CARIKER, Apparatus for enhanced counterbalancing of weapon mount 9726460 United States of America Methods and apparatus for imaging in scattering STEPHEN WELKE, ERIC DODGE STEPHEN KUZNETSOV 9714806 United States of America CHRISTOPHER J. BAKER, TRENT A. JACOBS, JUSTAN V. FORSYTH, PAGE E. KING, ERIC C. FEST environments Secure cross domain solution systems and methods Electromagnetic DC pulse power system including 3004784 France MARK GOHLKE 9753140 United States of America 9762595 United States of America integrated fault limiter 3004784 Germany Optical position encoder Method for electronic zoom with sub-pixel offset 9705314 United States of America 3004784 Poland 9726524 United States of America 9741095 United States of America PETER ROZITIS MARK NOETHEN, JAMES ROBARGE, 3004784 United Kingdom 6305551 Japan Positioning mechanism for aligning an optical device BRENT BELOTE TINA P. SRIVASTAVA, MATTHEW A. MORTON JOHN F. SILNY Multi-mode imaging spectrometer and an image sensor Dual-field-of-view optical system Frequency source with improved phase noise DALE REESE ERIC C. FEST 9753244 United States of America 9762812 United States of America 9705513 United States of America 9726542 United States of America Context aware integrated display keyboard video 3D polarimetric imaging using a microfacet scattering 2805691 Canada mouse controller 251358 Israel model to compensate for structured scene reflections CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER TERESA GOMEZ 2703885 France 9715599 United States of America MAURICE J. HALMOS 9741163 United States of America 2703885 Germany Gain adaptable unit cell Multiuser, geofixed acoustic simulations 2703885 United Kingdom 9762824 United States of America 9706329 United States of America MIKEL J. WHITE Target rotation determination by differential CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, REYNALDO CABRERA A multi-octave 180 degree phase bit doppler evaluation Heat exchangers with tapered light scrapers for KELLIE CANIDA, LEO LINSKY, HARRY B. MARR, MARIANNE D. GOBLE, JAVIER B. HEYER, SHEA CHEN, TSE E. WONG, KENNETH T. TESHIBA 9716304 United States of America 9726761 United States of America high-power laser systems and other systems CRAIG A. SNOW PAUL L. BUELOW Adaptive interposer and electronic apparatus 2983005 France 9742142 United States of America Apparatus and method for allocating resources using Cryocoolers with electronic cryostat flow controllers 9706662 United States of America TIMOTHY R. HOLZHEIMER 2983005 Germany prioritization of requests and updating of requests and related system and method Multi-polariation antenna array for signal detection 2983005 United Kingdom DAVID W. SHIN THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, ADAM M. KENNEDY, 9753766 United States of America 9765995 United States of America and AOA Method for incorporating network port hopping TSE E. WONG, STEPHEN BLACK, GREGORY D. ROBERT D. STULTZ, DAVID M. FILGAS 9716322 United States of America with minimal or no impact to underlying systems ISTVAN RODRIGUEZ, CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON, DUANE SMITH TRACY, BUU DIEP End pumped pwg with tapered core thickness 9742797 United States of America ALAN J. BIELUNIS System and method for measuring doppler effect Hermetically sealed package having stress reducing layer JOE A. ORTIZ 9726820 United States of America 9708181 United States of America Radio frequency connector receptical utilizing elastic and inelastic light scattering Method and integrated motor drive power electronics MICHAEL PACE, MICHAEL ROBSON JAMES MCSPADDEN 9755333 United States of America 9766262 United States of America system with improved efficiency Integrated photosensitive film and thin led display Microwave module lid PHILLIP STILLO, MICHAEL F. TURK 9716447 United States of America 9743465 United States of America 9728668 United States of America DAVID LEWIS MARK R. SKIDMORE, IAN S. ROBINSON Anti-backlash gear control device 6244045 Japan 9709158 United States of America Three level neutral point clamped converter with Global positioning system (GPS) and doppler JOSEPH WEINSTEIN CHRISTOPHER JACOB REIMER MARK A. TALCOTT, JOHN FRASCHILLA, improved voltage balancing augmentation (GDAUG) and space location inertial System, device, and method of dense-mode multicast Wide field of view multibeam optical apparatus 9755549 United States of America JEFFREY C. EDWARDS CYNTHIA Y. HANG, SAMUEL D. TONOMURA, 9746548 United States of America navigation geopositioning system (SPACELINGS) Semi-active RF target detection and proximity tunneling using interlayer group membership control 9766339 United States of America ANTHONY M. PETRUCELLI GARY M. GRACEFFO, ANDREW KOWALEVICZ detonation based on angle-to-target 9729430 United States of America TODD LOVELL, THOMAS J. STEPHENS, 2856208 France Quasi-switched, multi-band, high-power amplifier Method for encryption obfuscation 9709372 United States of America MICHAEL L. ANDERSEN 2856208 Germany and method BRADLEY S. JAWORSKI, BORIS S. JACOBSON, 9755674 United States of America 2856208 United Kingdom Wearable retina/iris scan authentication RICHARD S. HERBEL, JAMES W. RAKEMAN 9716471 United States of America STEPHEN R. ELKINS 9747500 United States of America JAMES C. ZELLNER, STEVEN COTTEN, Timing validation for data fusion Electromagnetic interference suppressing shield RICHARD W. ELY DOUGLAS MILLS, RAYMOND A. GRAFFAM, BENJAMIN DOLGIN 9709667 United States of America 9730366 United States of America THOMAS OHKI, OLEG MUKHANOV, Systems and methods for 3D point cloud processing GLAFKOS K. STRATIS, DAVID J. KNAPP, Magnetic antennas for ultra low frequency and 9767572 United States of America ALEX KIRICHENKO WAYNE L. SUNNE, JACOB A. HANSON, MICHAEL S. SMITH MICHAEL RAY, DAVID J. BROADHEAD very low frequency radiation Wideband antenna structure with optics reflector Multi-channel, selectable identity tagging data Magnetic RAM array architecture 9755765 United States of America DARRELL L. YOUNG, GREGORY R. GONDRAN, ERIC C. FEST, RONALD L. RONCONE 9747968 United States of America Nano-nano-composite optical ceramic lenses as ground plane and associated methods translator and method MARK A. BIGHAM, THOMAS G. RIBARDO JR ERIC P. HUELSMANN 9709699 United States of America 9719924 United States of America 9734109 United States of America CHARLES G. GILBERT, JARED JORDAN, Systems and methods for context based information Low particulating toggle clamp with secondary JOSEPH M. ANDERSON delivery using augmented reality DEBBIE A. WALKER lock apparatus 9767615 United States of America Controller and a method for power sequencing Ridged waveguide flared radiator array using 9757842 United States of America a computer electromagnetic bandgap material 9748665 United States of America 9720468 United States of America

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THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, ADAM M. KENNEDY, CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, ALBERTO F. VISCARRA, MYRON E. CALKINS JR, JAMES G. SIERCHIO, NATHAN D. CULBERTSON, MARK SVANE, ERIC P. HUELSMANN, KENNETH A. TUCKER ANDREA TOSO, STEPHEN K. BLISS, MARK LAMB, BUU DIEP JAYNA SHAH, ROBERT S. ISOM WILLIAM RICHARD OWENS, RICHARD J. WRIGHT, TIMOTHY G. BRAUER Apparatus for automated transfer of large-scale ANDREW NICHOLAS CONCILIO, Wafer level mems package including dual seal ring Methods and apparatus for antenna having dual polarized THOMAS M. CRAWFORD System and method for precision collaborative targeting missile hardware ROBERT J. DI TOLLA, TRENT N. HENDERSON, 9771258 United States of America radiating elements with enhanced heat dissipation Hyper-velocity impact sensor 9817099 United States of America 9834228 United States of America E. RUSS RUSS ALTHOF, ROBERT J. HANOLD 9780458 United States of America 9797697 United States of America Longitudinal, tolerance-mitigating cam-lock TERRY ANTHONY DORSCHNER, IRL W. SMITH RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN GREGORY W. HEINEN fastening system High power optical switch TERESA GOMEZ RAGHUVEER MALLAVARPU, JOHN P. BETTENCOURT Digital infrared holograms Hydraulic drives for use in charging systems, ballast 9847599 United States of America 9772451 United States of America Multiuser, geofixed acoustic simulations Field effect transistor (FET) structure with integrated 9817368 United States of America systems, or other systems of underwater vehicles 9781538 United States of America gate connected diodes 9834288 United States of America BRIAN P. HELM, BRIAN L. DILLAMAN MICHAEL L. MENENDEZ, GEOFFREY LONG, ROBERT J. COLE, BRIAN J. SIMPSON, 9799645 United States of America Amplifier with automatic gain control JOHN P. HARRELL MICHAEL RAY, ARMANDO GUERRERO CHEN LIANG, ZHAOHUI WU, LEE GILES THOMAS H. PENHOLLOW, RICHARD M. CORDOVA, 9847765 United States of America Optical element switching system using a halbach array Aircraft store deployment system with improved safety THOMAS OHKI, KIN CHUNG FONG Systems and methods for news event organization BRADY A. HINK, PATRICK G. DICKERSON, 9772466 United States of America of arming and releasing stores Josephson junction readout for graphene-based single 9817908 United States of America KENNETH G. PRESTON, GARY H. JOHNSON, TIM B. BONBRAKE, JESSE T. WADDELL, 247846 Israel 9783296 United States of America photon detector REGINA P. REED, MARK A. HAHN, TODD KUHAR, BRADLEY M. BIGGS PATRICK J. KOCUREK, ROBERT S. ISOM 9799817 United States of America STEPHANIE G. BILSE, BRIAN B. GREER, Shock mitigation assembly for a penetrating weapon COREY J. COLLARD, ERICH HEFNER, CHRISTOPHER A. COX Time delay unit comprising a spirally wound meandering RICK ALLEN RAMOS 9851187 United States of America JODY D. VERRET Thermally insensitive open-loop hung mass JOE A. ORTIZ line pattern Oscillatory motion compensation in frequency domain 9819068 United States of America Metallic nosecone with unitary assembly accelerometer with differential eddy current sensing Bidirectional low voltage power supply (LVPS) with 9835425 United States of America JASON DUDASH, MICHAEL P. SICA in image motion sensing systems 9784759 United States of America single pulse width modulator (PWM), cryogenic cooler Multi-dimensional video navigation system and method STEPHEN J. SCHILLER, JOHN F. SILNY 9773298 United States of America system, and method KEITH A. KERNS, WAYNE Y. LEE, JOHN J. SPILOTRO using interactive map paths MICHAEL SIMMS, IRBY THOMPSON JR, Geometric calibration of a remote sensor 9800129 United States of America Shock attenuation device with stacked nonviscoelastic 9851870 United States of America WARD D. LYMAN, FREDERICK B. KOEHLER, MATTHEW NEUMANN 9823116 United States of America 6251844 Japan layers WILLIAM D. WERRIES Technique for hypervisor-based firmware acquisition GRANT B. BOROUGHS, MAC A. CODY DAVID U. FLUCKIGER 9835429 United States of America Shape memory circuit breakers and analysis DONALD SULLIVAN, MICHAEL MOSTROM, Apparatus and processes for estimating river velocity 9773627 United States of America 9785492 United States of America RICHARD JOHNSON, SEAN SULLIVAN Linear mode computational sensing ladar 9852516 United States of America 9823350 United States of America STEVEN R. COLLINS Compact magnet design for high-power magnetrons Adaptive optic having meander resistors DAVID D. CROUCH DANIEL SCHLIETER, BRANDON W. PILLANS, UMA JHA 9805901 United States of America ANDREW L. BULLARD, MACIEJ D. MAKOWSKI 9835856 United States of America N-way coaxial-to-coaxial power combiner/divider RICHARD G. PIERCE, CHRISTOPHER LOEHRLEIN, 2013389971 Australia System and method for adaptive power modulation 9774069 United States of America DAVID R. KRALJ, JACQUELYN A. VITAZ, High-stiffness structure for larger aperture telescope PATRICK J. KOCUREK 9823459 United States of America 713761 New Zealand for power amplifier MATTHEW P. LITTLE, LANDON L. ROWLAND 9853600 United States of America CHARLES WILLIAMS Transmission line formed of printed self-supporting metallic material Dual-polarized wideband radiator with single-plane JEFFERY JAY LOGAN, TYLER MILLER, RIGEL QUINN WOIDA-O'BRIEN Device and method for data storage using CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER 9786975 United States of America stripline feed HARRY B. MARR Method of connecting an additive communication network buffer 9806432 United States of America cable to an electrical harness Digital unit cell with analog counter element 9774683 United States of America Side lobe modulation system and related techniques 9854192 United States of America STEPHEN MILLIGAN, DALE ROBERTSON 9825360 United States of America 9837191 United States of America Redundantly powered and daisy chained power BORIS S. JACOBSON BRYAN W. KEAN, JOHN L. VAMPOLA DAVID CHRISTOPHER MANN, ANDRE CROPPER, over ethernet Robust solid-state circuit protection apparatus MICHAEL R. PATRIZI, MATTHEW J. KOETH, STEPHEN KUZNETSOV Method and apparatus for increasing pixel sensitivity RANDALL W. ZYWICKI 9787482 United States of America 9806513 United States of America NATHAN R. FRANCIS Method and apparatus for control of pulsed power and dynamic range in hybrid energy storage module Proximity focus imaging interferometer 9774802 United States of America JOHN J. SPILOTRO, BRANDON J. CUNDIFF, Vibration optimizing intelligent phase locked loop 9857223 United States of America GERALD P. UYENO, MICHAEL J. BATINICA, 9825639 United States of America 9837996 United States of America KEITH A. KERNS JOSEPH C. DIMARE, ANDREW M. PIPER, SEAN D. KELLER Munition modification kit and method of modifying ERICK W. ELKINS, MATTHEW GLENN MURPHY, JIH-FANG A. LIU, SIEN-CHANG C. LIU COLIN S. WHELAN, MATTHEW D. THOREN Multiple-beam triangulation-based range finder GARY D. COLEMAN, JOHN F. SILNY munition SCOTT D. THOMAS An adaptive doppler filter re-optimization method Method and apparatus for removing biofouling from and method Multi-function beacon for optical communications 9791554 United States of America 9810513 United States of America Clamp for internally coupling and decoupling for pulsed interference countermeasure a protected surface in a liquid environment laser relay 9857454 United States of America 9826292 United States of America two components 9776219 United States of America JAMES H. NEISZ RODRICK COTTRELL, DEE C. NEUENSCHWANDER 9841042 United States of America JACOB KIM, LESLIE A. PRIEBE, JOHN L. TOMICH, Range generation using multiple analog ramps System and apparatus for trusted and secure test ports IAN S. ROBINSON, BRANDON CROW, SCOTT D. THOMAS, ERICK W. ELKINS, RAYMOND SAMANIEGO, HOWARD C. CHOE 9791556 United States of America of integrated circuit devices ANDREW M. HAUTZIK PHILIP C. THERIAULT MATTHEW GLENN MURPHY 9810736 United States of America On-axis unobscured telescope Detection of concealed object on a body using radio Air-launchable container for deploying air vehicle Determination of a ground receiver position JONATHAN HABIF 9829558 United States of America 9841587 United States of America frequency signatures on frequencies and polarizations 9776719 United States of America System and method for authenticated interrogation JOHN F. MCGEE III, SUSAN B. SPENCER 9857462 United States of America of a target with quantum entanglement Dual-pupil dual-band WFOV re-imaging optical systems SHUWU WU, BENJAMIN WU, STEPHEN R. PECK ROBERT ROSE GERALD P. UYENO KIRK A. MILLER, DOUGLAS J. HARTNETT 9791567 United States of America 9810888 United States of America Method and apparatus for differential global Universal extensible firmware interface module Self-assembling inflatable modules identification and analysis Rolling beam splitter optical switching mechanism 9776842 United States of America positioning system (DGPS)-based real-time attitude XIAODAN ZHUANG, VIKTOR ROZGIC, THOMAS LAVEDAS 9842210 United States of America for combination and selection of detector illumination Near-field gradient probe for the suppression of determination (RTAD) 9857585 United States of America JAMES W. RAKEMAN MICHAEL CRYSTAL 9829582 United States of America Multi-view learning in detection of psychological states radio interference GREGORY VORSANGER Classification and identification of solid propellant DAVID U. FLUCKIGER, ERAN MARCUS, 9792823 United States of America 9812790 United States of America PARVIZ SAGHIZADEH Automated application analysis for finding leaked rocket motors personal information BRIAN F. BOLAND 9778199 United States of America Pattern matching techniques in analog and mixed JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, VALERY S. KAPER ANDREW L. BULLARD 9842229 United States of America Computing cross-correlations for sparse data 248122 Israel Solar rejection system with movable sunshade signal circuits 9858304 United States of America Amplifier output power limiting circuitry 9830414 United States of America 9793859 United States of America 9815576 United States of America JERRY M. GRIMM, THOMAS T. LEISE, ROBERT E. DEHNERT JR, DAVID J. WISNIEWSKI, DARRELL L. YOUNG BENJAMIN DOLGIN JAMES A. PRUETT PAUL C. HERSHEY, JOHN N. CARBONE, MARK T. BUSCH, JOHN D. BLOOMER, CHRISTOPHER M. SCHOTT, GEORGE D. BUDY, Video interpretability and quality estimation High efficiency polarized ULF/VLF/RF Interleaved electronically scanned arrays JOHN J. WILLIAMS, JEANNE M. ROBINSON IAN S. ROBINSON TIM B. BONBRAKE, BRADLEY M. BIGGS 9843098 United States of America 9858656 United States of America Method for non-kinetic performance assessment Shock hardened initiator and initiator assembly transceiver antenna Video geolocation 9831925 United States of America 9779191 United States of America 9794483 United States of America 9816790 United States of America ALAN CLARK, AARON C. LATTIMORE SIDDHARTHA GHOSH Dual mode III-V superlattice avalanche photodiode SHANNON V. DAVIDSON, JAMES BALLEW, Motion analysis unit PAUL A. HERZIG, DAVID CURE, THOMAS WELLER, CHAD V. ANDERSON, EMILE M. SZLEMKO, WAYNE Y. LEE, JESSE T. WADDELL, 9859453 United States of America ANTHONY RICHOUX 9846011 United States of America FELIX MIRANDA, PH.D. CHARLES E. MORGAN JR, JAMES M. KURTIS, GEORGE DARRYL BUDY System and method for cluster management based WILLIAM LAWRENCE GERECKE Flexible antenna and method of manufacture BRIAN GIN Shock-resistant fuzewell for munition 9780434 United States of America 9816793 United States of America on HPC architecture Multi-source sensor stream virtualization Stowable effector launch system 9832077 United States of America 9860106 United States of America 9797681 United States of America

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DAVID R. SMITH, THOMAS DEPPERT, JULIAN A. ZOTTL, MONTY D. MCDOUGAL, MATTHEW REBHOLZ, MARK CASCIATO, JAMES E. FAORO, EMMANUEL J. SIMEUS, THOMAS H. BOOTES, JOHN BEDNARZ, MATTHEW P. LITTLE, LANDON L. ROWLAND, AMANDA GRAVANDA ERIC DODGE JUSTIN SWARTZ EDMUNDO M. SAMANIEGO, WAYNE Y. LEE DOUGLAS M. MCKAY Coatings for zinc sulfide optics Systems and methods for malware lab isolation Reconfigurable aperture for microwave transmission JOHN OKERSON CRAWFORD, DYLAN MARTIN Munition having penetrator casing with fuel-oxidizer Beamsteering technique to minimize sidelobes due 9862851 United States of America 9876810 United States of America and detection Screening of electronic components for detection of mixture therein to phase quantization in a phased array antenna 9887459 United States of America counterfeit articles using automated inspection system 9909848 United States of America 9923270 United States of America RAYMOND A. ROBERGE, MICHAEL LUCAS STEPHEN T. FASOLINO, BRIAN J. MERCER, 9897560 United States of America Methods and systems for improving signal to phase JASON L. WHEELER ANDREW KOWALEVICZ OWEN LEWIS, ANTHONY SOMMESE, BRANDON W. PILLANS, DAVE E. SWERNOFSKY noise in radars System and method for providing power from a Methods and systems for reducing noise in JOHN BEDINGER, S RAJENDRAN CHRISTOPHER J. CORMIER, JOHN D. HULSMANN, Radially compliant, axially free-running connector 9864044 United States of America standardized component without a power source optoelectronic oscillators Stacked low loss stripline circulator VALERI I. KARLOV, AARON MAESTAS 9923293 United States of America output to an accessory component 9887779 United States of America 9899717 United States of America Synthetic digital sextant for navigation BRYAN O LEARY, MATTHEW L. BENJAMIN 9876983 United States of America 9909866 United States of America ROBERT F. STIFFLER, JOE A. ORTIZ, PHILIP TODD, Parallel hypothesis formation for multiple hypothesis JEFFERY JAY LOGAN, TYLER MILLER, H ARAVIND B. MOVVA, YUEH-CHI CHANG, JAMES LAZAR tracking CHRISTOPHER M. SCHOTT, GEORGE D. BUDY, ARRY B. MARR DAVID L. HENDRY RAYMOND SAMANIEGO, JOHN L. TOMICH, Laser diode driver with variable input voltage and 9864787 United States of America TIM B. BONBRAKE, BRADLEY M. BIGGS Methods and apparatus for data communication Low profile high efficiency multi-band reflector antennas ENRIQUE A. SANTIAGO variable diode string voltage Shock hardened initiator and initiator assembly using bandwidth modulation 9899745 United States of America Enhanced detection and automatic signature extraction 9923334 United States of America STEPHEN H. BLACK, ADAM M. KENNEDY 9879951 United States of America 9887799 United States of America 2014332522 Australia of radar resonance reflections in above and Use of an external getter to reduce package pressure RICHARD HENNEGAN, HARRY B. MARR, 714280 New Zealand below-ground man-made objects 9865519 United States of America I556509 Taiwan FREDERICK B. KOEHLER, WARD D. LYMAN, TERRY SUSAN C. TRULLI 9910134 United States of America DENPOL KULTRAN M. SANDERSON Anisotropic thermal conduit Discrete time polyphase channelizer STEPHEN H. MCGANTY, CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, Shape memory alloy micro-aero control surfaces 9889624 United States of America ANDREW KOWALEVICZ, MICHAEL REESE, DAVID R. RHIGER, KELLY JONES 9923549 United States of America DAVID M. FILGAS 9879959 United States of America TOM BORTON, GARY M. GRACEFFO Combined neutron and gamma-ray detector High-power planar waveguide (PWG) pumphead with ROGER C. ESPLIN, HEATH A. STRICKLAND ROBERT W. BYREN 3058309 France Method and system for non-persistent communication and method 9900031 United States of America modular components for high-power laser system 3058309 Germany Methods and apparatus for thermal testing of antennas 9910168 United States of America Method for tailoring the dopant profile in a laser 9865988 United States of America 3058309 Poland 9891258 United States of America crystal using zone processing 3058309 United Kingdom WILLIAM VUONO, WILLIAM D. BEAIR JOHN-FRANCIS MERGEN 9926644 United States of America KIN CHUNG FONG JOHN T. BROAD, LEE M. SAVAGE, Apparatus for cleaning an electronic circuit board Performance of services based on power consumption 2744930 France 9902006 United States of America Graphene-based bolometer TIMOTHY D. AUST WILLIAM H. WELLMAN 9910485 United States of America 2744930 Germany 9869592 United States of America Broadband power amplifier having high efficiency Geolocating a remote emitter 230316 Israel 9881729 United States of America 9891306 United States of America WILLIAM C. MOLLBERG, DAVID R. SMITH, THOMAS R. WOODALL 6087923 Japan KALIN SPARIOSU, ERIC J. GRIFFIN, THOMAS DEPPERT, BRIAN J. ZELINSKI Secure field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture 2744930 United Kingdom ERIK D. JOHNSON MONTY D. MCDOUGAL, JOHN S. LEAR, YONG LIU, KAICHIANG CHANG, Zinc sulfide coupling agents 9911010 United States of America Radioactive anomaly detector JULIAN A. ZOTTL, JESSE J. LEE FREDERIC C. STEVENS IV, STEPHEN M. SPARAGNA, 9902802 United States of America ERIC C. FEST 9869637 United States of America Systems and methods for malware analysis of DAVID R. SCHMIDT DEVON G. CROWE, CALEB KNOERNSCHILD Polarization filtering for window self-emission network traffic Sequential multi-beam radar for maximum likelihood IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS Computational imaging with uncalibrated pupil phase due to aero-thermal heating FABIO DI TEODORO 9882924 United States of America tracking and fence search Space time interleaved matched-filters 9911180 United States of America 9927289 United States of America 9903933 United States of America Laser transmitter for generating a coherent laser output 9891310 United States of America signal with reduced self-phase modulation and method PHILIP C. THERIAULT STEPHEN KUZNETSOV, ANURAG GUPTA, SEAN D. KELLER, GERALD P. UYENO 9871339 United States of America Hinge mechanism for small optics and related methods MICHAEL WECHSBERG, DANIEL SIEVENPIPER, JOHN L. TOMICH, JACOB KIM, RAYMOND ROBERT LOPEZ Liquid crystal waveguide steered active situational 9884399 United States of America FANGCHOU YANG SAMANIEGO, WILLIAM F. SKALENDA Forced convection liquid cooling of fluid-filled high awareness sensor RICHARD H. BELANSKY, JOSEPH L. PIKULSKI, Radio frequency transparent photovoltaic cell Radar detection of a concealed object on a body density pulsed power capacitor with native fluid 9927515 United States of America 9903948 United States of America CECIL VERGEL DE DIOS HANS P. NAEPFLIN, SHANE E. WILSON 9893217 United States of America 9911532 United States of America Power-by-light architecture for optically remote Rotational degree of freedom joint constraint ANTHONY RICHOUX, SHANNON V. DAVIDSON SEAN D. KELLER, GERALD P. UYENO 3186813 Finland analog-to-digital converters 9885383 United States of America FANGCHOU YANG, JASON G. MILNE, 3186813 France System and method for topology-aware job scheduling 9871598 United States of America ALLEN WANG, JAR J. LEE Lcwg steered laser transmitter and situational 3186813 Germany and backfilling in an HPC environment SCOTT M. NEWTON, JOEL VAN SICKEL Short coincident phased slot-fed dual polarized aperture awareness sensor with wavelength conversion 3186813 Poland 9928114 United States of America 9904081 United States of America GURPARTAP S. TAKHAR, MU-CHENG WANG, Electronic enhanced receiver scheduler system 9893430 United States of America 3186813 United Kingdom 9885776 United States of America MARIO DAMICO, GEORGE M. VACHULA I555270 Taiwan JEFFREY CLARKE, DELMAR L. BARKER, Synchronous waveform clock synchronization without ANTHONY RICHOUX, SHANNON V. DAVIDSON CHARLES G. GILBERT, JOSEPH M. ANDERSON, CHARLES W. HICKS BENJAMIN DOLGIN a system controller THOMAS L. MIDDLEBROOK, BRYAN FAST, System and method for topology-aware job scheduling JARED JORDAN Ultraviolet (UV) schottky diode detector having single 9872268 United States of America Detection of stealth vehicles using vhf radar DAVID D. HESTON, JON MOONEY and backfilling in an HPC environment Ridged waveguide flared radiator antenna crystal uv radiation detector material bonded directly 9885777 United States of America Systems for amplifying a signal using a transformer 9904583 United States of America 9912073 United States of America to a support structure with proper c-axis orientation CHARLES F. HUBER, BRADLEY BOMAR HAMMEL, FRANKLIN TANNER matched transistor 9929192 United States of America JEFFREY A. BERRINGER APRIL R. SANDERS, KENNETH W. BROWN, BENJAMIN DOLGIN System for correcting rpc camera model pointing errors 9893683 United States of America Military standard (MIL-STD-1760) interface bridge MICHAEL J. SOTELO Sub-diffraction limit resolution radar arrays EDWARD P. SMITH, ANNE ITSUNO, 9875200 United States of America using 2 sets of stereo image pairs and probabilistic KURT ROHLOFF, DAVID COUSINS, Point-to-point communications link 9915728 United States of America JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER 3 dimensional models RICHARD SCHANTZ 9906245 United States of America Photo-detector having plasmonic resonance and photon DAVID R. SAR, DAVID D. CROUCH 9886772 United States of America CHARLES F. HUBER, BRADLEY BOMAR HAMMEL Method for secure symbol comparison DARRELL L. YOUNG crystal thermal noise suppression Monolithic wideband millimeter-wave radome 9893880 United States of America Translation of universal armament interface (UAI) to 9929291 United States of America 9876279 United States of America KIUCHUL HWANG, DALE M. SHAW, Methods and apparatus for collaborative multi-view military standard (MIL-STD-1760) messaging interface ADRIAN WILLIAMS WILLIAM STRAYER, JOUD KHOURY augmented reality video 9916277 United States of America GERALD P. UYENO CHARLES M. RHOADS, BRANDON W. PILLANS, Semiconductor structures having t-shaped electrodes Cryptographically secure cross-domain information 9906769 United States of America Counter counterfeit technology 9887089 United States of America GARY A. FRAZIER CHRISTOPHER E. TOAL, TRENT N. HENDERSON 9931882 United States of America I570784 Taiwan sharing MITCHELL N. GROSS, WILLIAM SANBORN JR Radome with radio frequency filtering surface 9894043 United States of America External-bladder fuel system fluidly connectable to 9876280 United States of America Method of making an object with a metal-non-metal seal a fuel tank to receive excess fuel KIN CHUNG FONG JOHN J. DRAB, MARY A. TESHIBA ANTHONY R. VULCANO 9908177 United States of America 9919807 United States of America Graphene-based infrared bolometer Coaxial connector feed-through for multi-level JOHN A. CROCKETT JR, AMANDA N. BERKES, Automated work piece center of mass identification 9933310 United States of America DAVID W. FRANCEL interconnected semiconductor wafers YIFANG CHEN, BIANCA R. RHODES, CURTIS B. CARLSTEN, JONATHAN MURROW, 9887195 United States of America system and method for same STEPHEN J. FORGACS Active electronically scanned array antenna 9897507 United States of America ERIK F. ITEM LYALE F. MARR, JAMES L. DEAN, 9876283 United States of America Isolation mount for shock attenuation Method for manufacturing polymer-metal composite RANDY W. WHITE, RICHARD L. SCOTT JAMES A. PRUETT, KUANG-YUH WU 3158608 Finland 9909641 United States of America structural component Primary mirror mount assembly and method 3158608 Germany Ballistic radome with extended field of view 9920429 United States of America 9933594 United States of America 6305641 Japan 9887453 United States of America 3158608 Spain IAN S. ROBINSON 3158608 Sweden Cued hybrid enhanced spectral system 3158608 Switzerland 9922251 United States of America

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BISHARA SHAMEE, STEVEN R. WILKINSON HANS P. NAEPFLIN, MACIEJ D. MAKOWSKI, ADAM M. KENNEDY, THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, DENNIS W. MERCIER, JOHN B. FRANCIS, THOMAS HORSTMAN, KRIS E. GREGORY, JOHN H. VANPATTEN, ANTHONY T. MCDOWELL, Analog-to-digital converter using a continuous-wave ALEXANDER RICHA RICHA K. RACO MARK LAMB, BUU DIEP ETHAN S. HEINRICH, MARK ACKERMAN, ROBERT T. SIMON WILLIAM H. DAVIS, LEE A. MCMILLAN laser and a timing reference derived from a Optimal kinematic mount for large mirrors Wafer level mems package including dual seal ring ANGELO M. PUZELLA, JOHN SANGIOLO Inverse-contour machining to eliminate residual Methods and systems for predicting jamming multifrequency optical signal 9958638 United States of America 9969610 United States of America Eggcrate radio frequency interposer stress distortion effectiveness 9933688 United States of America 6214773 Japan 9974159 United States of America 9996075 United States of America 2013263206 Australia JUSTAN V. FORSYTH, COLTON L. NOBLE, 701999 New Zealand ERIC X. PETERSON, RONALD L. RONCONE, JASON G. MILNE STEVEN F. COOK JOHN P. HAVEN, MARY K. HERNDON, DANIEL T. MCGRATH RAYMOND S. LICKSON Micro-hoses for integrated circuit and device level cooling Characterization of spectral emissivity via thermal ALKIM AKYURTLU, CAROLYN REISTAD, Wideband array antenna and manufacturing methods JOHN H. VANPATTEN, WILLIAM H. DAVIS Dual-band semi-active laser system 9960101 United States of America conductive heating and in-situ radiance measurement THOMAS V. SIKINA 9997827 United States of America Method and system to analyze interference 9939231 United States of America susceptibility of a radio receiver design EDUARDO M. CHUMBES, BRIAN SCHULTZ using a low-e mirror An interconnection system for a multilayered radio 9970821 United States of America DOUGLAS MILLS, JEFFREY WADSWORTH, 2013263207 Australia Group III - nitride double-heterojunction field frequency circuit and method of fabrication WILLIAM T. JENNINGS, JOHN HOFFMAN, 9974160 United States of America MARK A. OWENS, GLAFKOS K. STRATIS 2873728 Canada MATTHEW ARENO effect transistor SAMI DAOUD Compact wideband radio frequency antenna systems 702006 New Zealand Firmware security interface for field programmable 9960262 United States of America Systems and methods for non-destructive testing GEOFFREY GUISEWITE, MICHAEL R. GABROVSEK, and associated methods 9997831 United States of America TERRY ANTHONY DORSCHNER, IRL W. SMITH gate arrays ALAN J. BIELUNIS, ZHAOYANG C. WANG, of energetic materials ROBERT J. COLE 9940483 United States of America 9970920 United States of America Track fusion using sigint or estimated speed High power optical switch ISTVAN RODRIGUEZ, JOHN P. BETTENCOURT 2013266151 Australia 9977969 United States of America MARK S. LANGELIER, JOHN C. COCHRAN, PETER D. MORICO, BRADLEY S. JAWORSKI Bias circuitry for depletion mode amplifiers RAY B. HUFFAKER, LORETTA A. TESTA, JASON D. ADAMS, BORIS S. JACOBSON Modular, high density, low inductance, media 9960740 United States of America KRISTINE HACOBIAN, SAMUEL S. BLACKMAN, SUSAN C. TRULLI, ELICIA HARPER, Power system based on current source LEE M. SAVAGE, DAVID WILSON, JEFFREY J. BECKER, 9997997 United States of America JAMES E. HENRY cooled resistor VICTOR S. REINHARDT CATHERINE DURAND CHRISTOPHER M. LAIGHTON 9941036 United States of America Apparatus and method for processing electronic Interconnect structure for electrical connecting a Wideband low latency repeater and methods Analog multiple beam feed systems and methods DAVID BROOKS, JOSEPH R. ELLSWORTH, 2013272236 Australia 9960827 United States of America intelligence (ELINT) and radar tracking data pair of microwave transmission lines formed on a 2859376 Denmark JOE A. ORTIZ 9971011 United States of America JOSEPH M. CROWDER, COREY R. DELISLE, pair of spaced structure members 2859376 France Shield for toroidal core electromagnetic device, JAMES FREEBERSYSER, MICHAEL GEILE 9978698 United States of America COSTAS KARAGEORGIS and toroidal core electromagnetic devices utilizing GERALD P. UYENO, SEAN D. KELLER Tailoring air cooled heat exchanger geometry to achieve 602013021239.2 Germany Airborne infrared countermeasures systems and method 2859376 United Kingdom such shields for establishing an infrared communications link between System and method for providing active refraction JACK J. SCHUSS, JOSEPH C. YEH, environmental protection 9941047 United States of America 9999155 United States of America airborne infrared countermeasures systems feedback for devices with variable index of refraction PATRICK J. MAKRIDAKIS, THOMAS V. SIKINA BRETT E. MEYER, JOHN S. BRYAN I584310 Taiwan 9971174 United States of America 3245470 France 9964633 United States of America Satellite-based phased array calibration Thin client for mapping system 9979084 United States of America 3245470 Germany JAMES M. ELLIOTT, JAMES S. WILSON, 2013287229 Australia MORRISON R. LUCAS ANDREW D. MCKIE, LINDA A. PALMACCIO, 3245470 United Kingdom DAVE E. SWERNOFSKY Method for phase unwrapping using confidence-based DANIEL P. RESLER JOSEPH P. NIPPER GEORGE D. HAMMACK Scalable thermal solution for high frequency panel array MARY O’NEILL, L SWEENY rework High power adaptive optic system and components therein Methods for forming an expanding lattice notch Method for de-interleaving received radar pulses 9971183 United States of America Electronically configurable towed decoy for dispensing applications or other applications 9964640 United States of America array antenna using dynamically updated weights 9942975 United States of America 9979097 United States of America infrared emitting flares, and method for dispensing flare 2013289217 Australia SEAN D. KELLER, GERALD P. UYENO JERROLD L. BONN, MARK A. VENEZIANO, material KIN CHUNG FONG Passive micromirror device for non-imaging wide field MATTHEW T. KLING, CLARK B. HOCKENBURY, WILLIAM J. WOLFGONG, STEPHEN T. FASOLINO RE46051 United States of America JOHN CARCONE, DOMENIC F. NAPOLITANO Graphene-based infra-red single photon detector of view SUSAN F. BATALLER X-ray ink pen Unmanned underwater vehicle launcher 9945728 United States of America 9980784 United States of America EMMANUEL FIERRO, ROBERT K. BRATTON, 9964746 United States of America Multi-level security domain separation using soft-core 2013312453 Australia KELVIN L. KEELS, LYALE F. MARR 2892800 France JOHN MCGINTY, ANDREW D. HUSS processor embedded in an FPGA PHILIP P. HERB 9971910 United States of America JEFFREY CLARKE, MARGUERITE J. GREEN, Kinematic optical device mount 2892800 Germany Real-time multi-array sum power spectrum control DELMAR L. BARKER, CHARLES W. HICKS RE46564 United States of America 2892800 United Kingdom 9945932 United States of America Improved logic utilization with axi4 augmented address 9965428 United States of America ALPHONSO A. SAMUEL, WAYNE L. SUNNE, Dual band ultraviolet (UV) and infrared KASSAM K. BELLAHROSSI, JAMES A. ROBBINS, ALAN PALEVSKY, JOHN MAGNANI JOHN R. BECKER, GERALD P. UYENO, HOWARD C. CHOE, DAVID G. MANZI, radiation detector PATRICK J. KOCUREK, DANIEL SCHLIETER, 9985058 United States of America DONALD A. BOZZA, CRAIG C. LEMMLER, Dual linear and circularly polarized patch radiator SEAN D. KELLER ANTON VANDERWYST, JAMES P. EDMISTON, CHRISTOPHER LOEHRLEIN, BRANDON W. PILLANS GLAFKOS K. STRATIS, DAVID G. DERRICK PATRICIA S. DUPUIS, ANGELO M. PUZELLA, 2013348304 Australia Negative obstacle detector MICHAEL PACE, MICHAEL ROBSON 2884886 Canada Impedance transformer Method for plasma dynamic cancellation for JOHN B. FRANCIS 9946259 United States of America Integrated photosensitive film and thin led display 705926 New Zealand 9966180 United States of America hypersonic vehicles Active electronically scanned array (AESA) card 9985166 United States of America 2012340002 Australia 2523017 United Kingdom MICHAEL K. BURKLAND 9972907 United States of America BUU DIEP, ADAM M. KENNEDY, STEPHEN H. BLACK, 2850529 Canada Ultrasonic electro-optic seeker MACIEJ D. MAKOWSKI, STEPHEN D. NORDEL, ROLAND GOOCH, THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN ANDREW KOWALEVICZ GC0005385 Gulf Cooperation Council 9952019 United States of America CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, KURT S. KETOLA, GARY D. COLEMAN, WILLIAM J. MINISCALCO Wafer level package solder barrier used as vacuum getter System and method to detect time-delays in 5902310 Japan DAVID M. FILGAS, CARL W. TOWNSEND Laser relay for free space optical communications ADAM C. WOOD 9966320 United States of America non-periodic signals Reflection/absorption coating for metallurgical bonding 9989989 United States of America MATTHEW RICHARD, MONTY D. MCDOUGAL, 2014250066 Australia In-flight insulation generation using matrix-based RAFAEL J. HUDO, RODERICK A. NEWSTROM to a laser gain medium RANDY S. JENNINGS, JESSE J. LEE, 6204567 Japan heat sink for missiles and other flight vehicles 9972960 United States of America GREGORY S. HAWKINS WILLIAM E. STERNS 9952026 United States of America Binary nyquist folding receiver IRL W. 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HEBERT, Intrusion detection and tracking system and for electrical circuit and thin film thermal structure 602010030868.5 Germany RYAN NOBES, KEVIN BURGESS WAGNER, 2615209 Russian Federation ROBERT WELSH related techniques applications 6009428 Japan BRIEN ROSS 2896715 Canada Rotary connector providing electromagnetic interference 2772387 Canada GARY D. COLEMAN, C. THOMAS HASTINGS JR, 6046224 Japan Reticle of aiming or targeting device 6121609 Japan 2412065 Poland shielding features (rotary cables) DAVID M. FILGAS, DUANE SMITH 201812204 Australia JIAN WANG, TONY M. PONSFORD, EMILY WANG 2412065 Turkey 2669682 Canada DALE R. FLOWERS High-bandwidth optical communications relay payload Knowledge aided detector 2412065 United Kingdom BRIEN ROSS, KEVIN BURGESS WAGNER, Impaired carrier coding ZL201380047919.X China ROBERT WELSH, STACY E. DAVIS, 2774377 Canada 6046814 Japan RYAN NOBES 2899917 Canada MATTHEW S. NOELL TIMOTHY R. HEBERT Reticle of aiming or targeting device GENE P. 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MOODY, 2719200 Canada Adhesively-bonded structural composite joint utilizing High power waveguide cluster circulator Ladar backtracking of wake turbulence trailing an 2935848 Spain BRANDON W. PILLANS shoulder-centered sleeves 2803451 Canada HOWARD C. CHOE airborne target for point-of-origin estimation and 2935848 Switzerland CNRF micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) 2453141 Belgium target classification 2935848 Turkey capacitive switch 2453141 France Multiple operating mode optical instrument PETER SCARLETT, GREGORY WESTFALL, ZL 201380070346.2 China 2935848 United Kingdom 2845216 Finland 2453141 Germany 2727283 Canada TONY M. PONSFORD 2946230 France 2453141 Italy Systems and methods for extending maritime domain 602013014573.3 Germany ALBERTO F. VISCARRA, CINDY W. MA, BUU DIEP, ROLAND GOOCH 2453141 Spain PAUL H. BARTON, ROBERT R. OGDEN, awareness by sharing radar tracks between vessels 10-1641614 South Korea / Republic of Korea DEREK PRUDEN, KEVIN C. 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DAVID G. JENKINS JOHN C. TREMBLAY, MATTHEW C. TYHACH, GIB LEWIS KENNETH D. CAREY, GREGORY LEEDBERG, LACY G. COOK LACY G. COOK Concentrating photovoltaic kaleidoscope and method COLIN S. WHELAN, RAGHUVEER MALLAVARPU Overlapping subarray architecture GEORGE W. SPENCER JR. All-reflective wide-field-of-view telescope with Real-time optical compensation of orbit-induced 2158616 France Impedance matching circuit 2264834 France System and method for message filtering beneficial distortion correction distortion effects in long integration time imagers 602008050783.1 Germany 2203974 France 602006050167.6 Germany 2301209 France 2381286 France 2411857 France 502017000097070 Italy 2203974 Germany 2264834 United Kingdom 2301209 Germany 602011047052.3 Germany 602010034453.3 Germany 2158616 Turkey 2203974 Italy 502016000049946 Italy 2381286 United Kingdom 215255 Israel 2158616 United Kingdom 2203974 Poland STEVEN R. WILKINSON, JOSHUA THORNES, 2411857 United Kingdom 2203974 Sweden ROBIN A. 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MCGURRIN, 2394427 United Kingdom 2423728 United Kingdom based secsors RICHARD CIOSEK, FRANCIS J. FOTHERGILL, RON- ROBERT C. HON, MICHAEL C. BARR, WILLIAM E. DOLASH, DAVID D. CROUCH ALD FOWLER, MATTHEW DAILY, LACY G. COOK LACY G. COOK Methods and apparatus for multilayer millimeter-wave 2287075 France Dual field of view refractive optical system with external CYNDI H. KESLER, LOWELL A. BELLIS, 602010037087.9 Germany RICHARD MULLEN All-reflective afocal four-mirror telescope CARL KIRKCONNELL window 2287075 United Kingdom Wearable shooter localization system 2396689 France pupil and internal stabilization 2232626 France 2426540 France Cryocooler with moving piston and moving cylinder 2350683 France 602010035967.0 Germany 2167886 France 602009044443.3 Germany JON E. MAENPA, PATRICK M. SAIN, 2396689 United Kingdom 602011023793.4 Germany 2167886 Germany 2232626 Spain ANDREW M. HAUTZIK TRAVIS P. WALTER, JAMES H. DUPONT, 213913 Israel 2232626 United Kingdom CHRISTOPHER MONTI 2426540 United Kingdom 2167886 United Kingdom System and method for correcting global navigation HENRI Y. KIM Optical element and stress athermalized hard TERRY M. SANDERSON, JAMIE CLARK satellite system pseudorange measurements in receivers Dual-mass forward and side firing fragmentation warhead CHRIS E. GESWENDER ROBERT S. ISOM, JAMES M. IRION II 2352963 France contact mount Dual polarized low profile antenna Methods and apparatus for adjustable surfaces having controlled reception pattern antennas 2399156 France Low cost deployment system and method for 2293103 France 602009041988.9 Germany 2201646 France 2234876 France 602010044442.2 Germany airborne object 602010037433.5 Germany 2352963 United Kingdom 602008041916.9 Germany 2234876 Germany 502017000121444 Italy 2427721 France 2293103 United Kingdom 2201646 United Kingdom 2234876 United Kingdom ALAN G. SILVER, STEPHEN H. BLACK, 2017/15927 Turkey 2427721 Germany ANDREW D. PORTNOY 2399156 United Kingdom 2427721 United Kingdom KENNETH PRICE, CARL KIRKCONNELL, GARY A. FRAZIER, CATHERINE TRENT KIM L. CHRISTIANSON, HENRI Y. KIM, Imaging system ANTHONY FINCH, GERALD PRUITT, SIDNEY YUAN Electrophoretic display device (method for a TRAVIS P. WALTER ROLAND TORRES DANIEL J. MOSIER, ANEES AHMAD, broadband spatial light modulator) Low collateral damage forward firing warhead 2362641 France DAVID J. PARK, BYRON B. TAYLOR, DAVID G. JENKINS, Inertance tube and surge volume for pulse tube 602011036136.8 Germany +28V aircraft transient suppression 2245507 France with fragment pattern control device 2401754 France refrigerator 2362641 United Kingdom DWIGHT L. DENNEY, JOHN R. RUTKOWSKI, 2245507 Germany 2297542 France 2203695 France 2401754 Germany DANIEL VUKOBRATOVICH 2245507 United Kingdom 602009038745.6 Germany 2203695 Germany IAN S. 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KIRK A. MILLER JACOB KIM, GILBERT M. SHOWS JOHN D. ISKER, CHAUNCHY F. MCKEARN, JESSE H. BLAKE, CARLOS E. GARCIA, MATTHEW J. KLOTZ, MAURICE J. HALMOS, MICHAEL A. MOORE, WAID A. PAINE, Fast-steering, deformable mirror system and method Alignment system WILLIAM B. KING, ERIC J. GRIFFIN MATTHEW GLENN MURPHY JEAN-PAUL BULOT JOHN BEDINGER for manufacturing the same 2456009 France Retractable rotary turret Optically-coupled communication interface for Range-resolved vibration using large time-bandwidth Radome film 2431784 France 2456009 Germany 2527779 France a laser-guided projectile product ladar waveforms 2706612 France 2431784 Germany 6273078 Japan 602012014283.9 Germany 2577215 France 2605040 France 2706612 Germany 214150 Israel 2456009 United Kingdom 218819 Israel 602011026757.4 Germany 602012031237.8 Germany 2706612 Greece 2431784 United Kingdom 2527779 United Kingdom 502016000080361 Italy 222703 Israel 502017000065549 Italy STEVEN D. BERNSTEIN, STEVEN B. WAKEFIELD, 2577215 United Kingdom 2605040 United Kingdom 2017/05100 Turkey THOMAS J. WETHERELL, BRIAN S. SCOTT, ROBERT P. MOLFINO, ERIK F. NORDHAUSEN, C THOMAS THOMAS HASTINGS JR, 2706612 United Kingdom RONALD L. RONCONE, BYRON B. TAYLOR DAVID H. ALTMAN GARY D. COLEMAN, WILLIAM J. MINISCALCO, STEPHEN R. REID, DAVID J. KATZ JEAN-PAUL BULOT, ROBERT J. CODA, Multi-band seeker with tiltable optical/receiver portion Nano-tube thermal interface structure JAMES MCSPADDEN, JOHN F. SILNY Chip interface with synchronization MATTHEW J. KLOTZ DMITRI JERDEV 2438385 France 2462613 France Extensible high bandwidth global space 2586151 France Doppler compensation for a coherent ladar Local area contrast enhancement 602010046353.2 Germany 602010031217.8 Germany communication network 602011042686.9 Germany 2605042 France 2740101 France 6020120301.39.2 Germany 2438385 Turkey 502016000057000 Italy 2528248 France 502018000000718 Italy 602012043584.4 Germany 230452 Israel 2438385 United Kingdom 2528248 Germany 2586151 United Kingdom 222552 Israel 6239505 Japan BENJAMIN DOLGIN, WILLIAM SULIGA, 218820 Israel 2605042 United Kingdom 2740101 United Kingdom CHRIS E. GESWENDER, STEPHEN E. BENNETT JOHN WITZEL, STEVEN COTTEN, 2528248 United Kingdom JEAN-PAUL BULOT, MATTHEW J. KLOTZ Self clocking for distributed projectile guidance MICHAEL BRENNAN, JORGE GUTIERREZ Method and apparatus for range resolved laser ROBERT D. STULTZ ROBERT F. BURKHOLDER, STEPHEN H. BLACK, 2438389 France Search and rescue using ultraviolet radiation DONALD P. COX doppler vibrometry Multi-stage lyot filter and method 2438389 Germany 2473401 France Chemical and biological sensor 2587231 France 2605058 France BORYS PAWEL KOLASA, MICHAEL A. GRITZ 2438389 Spain 5913453 Japan 2550527 France 2587231 Germany 2605058 Germany Antenna-coupled antenna arrays 2438389 United Kingdom 2473401 United Kingdom 602011040354.0 Germany 221961 Israel 2605058 United Kingdom 2748891 France 2550527 United Kingdom 2587231 United Kingdom 602012030741.2 Germany IAN S. ROBINSON ROBERT W. MARTIN IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS Compensation of clock jitter in analog-digital Torsion stop deployment system for airborne object JOHN P. BETTENCOURT, VALERY S. KAPER RALPH H. KLESTADT, JAVIER VELEZ Basis vector spectral image compression (BVSIC) JAMES A. PRUETT, JERRY M. GRIMM converter applications 2488820 France Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) having high Aerodynamic flight termination system and method 2632161 France Method and apparatus for detecting radome damage 2439849 France 602010036093.8 Germany dynamic range 2593746 France 2632161 Germany 2748892 France 602012030447.2 Germany 602011024532.5 Germany 218480 Israel 2550743 France 602011029382.6 Germany 2632161 United Kingdom 2748892 United Kingdom 2439849 Netherlands 2488820 United Kingdom 602011040124.6 Germany 2593746 Turkey 2439849 United Kingdom 2550743 United Kingdom 2593746 United Kingdom ROBERT D. TRAVIS PATRICK L. MCCARTHY Projectile that includes propulsion system and launch CHARLES L. HORVATH, GARY F. WAHLQUIST, THOMAS A. OLDEN, ROBERT CAVALLERI Projecting guidance system including a compact IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, ANDREW L. BULLARD motor on opposing sides of payload and method TIMOTHY J. IMHOLT, HERMAN B. VAN REES Modular divert and attitude control system semi-active laser seeker with immersed filter stack and ERIC P. FRANS Multi-stage flexural pivot 2652438 France Method and apparatus for armor having integrated 2443413 France field lens(compact SAL lens with immersion field lens) Multiply adaptive spatial spectral exploitation 2594984 France 602011039380.4 Germany battery power 602010045068.6 Germany 2594984 Germany 2491332 France 2560129 France 2652438 Spain 2764322 France 502017000129151 Italy 221990 Israel 602010040765.9 Germany 2560129 Germany 2652438 Turkey 2764322 Germany 2443413 Spain 2594984 United Kingdom 2491332 United Kingdom 2560129 United Kingdom 2652438 United Kingdom 2764322 United Kingdom 2017/17089 Turkey 2443413 United Kingdom HOWARD S. NUSSBAUM, LOAN T. DAVIDOFF, DAVID M. FILGAS, THOMAS H. ALFORD, RICHARD DRYER, CHRIS E. GESWENDER BRIAN L. BISWELL DARIN S. WILLIAMS JACKSON Y. CHIA ROBERT F. STIFFLER, MICHAEL S. LACKEY Projectile modification method Deconfliction of guided airborne weapons fired in Blur-calibration system for electro-optical CHING-JU J. YOUNG 2596317 France a salvo sensors and method using a moving multi-focal Scene based non-uniformity correction for infrared Configurable filter and receiver incorporating same High-efficiency, dual current sink laser diode driver 602011026878.3 Germany 2493074 France 2562935 France 2686634 France multi-target constellation 2596317 United Kingdom detector arrays 602005048318.7 Germany 602012029126.5 Germany 602012040804.9 Germany 2767093 France 2445192 France 340237 Norway 220081 Israel 2686634 United Kingdom 602012029675.5 Germany 2445192 Germany ROBERT J. BENNETT, FRANK L. SHACKLEE, 2493074 Sweden 2562935 United Kingdom 6114289 Japan 214636 Israel MICHAEL D. ERNEST RICHARD D. LOEHR, JEREMY C. DANFORTH, 2767093 United Kingdom 2445192 United Kingdom CHRISTOPHER K. SOLECKI, ALLEN L. KELLY, NICHOLAS D. TRAIL, JAMES P. MILLS, Weapon station and associated method KEVIN P. MURPHY 2598824 France Closed gas generator and micro power unit including CHRISTOPHER E. PENTLAND, PAUL M. LYONS VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, FRIEDRICH STROHKENDL, KEVIN M. CHAPLA, WILLIAM C. STRAUSS ERIC C. FEST, JIM R. HICKS 602011043369.5 Germany the same System and method for charging and sealing DAVID A. ROCKWELL Apparatus for producing a vitreous inner layer on a Optical transceiver built-in test (BIT) 223739 Israel 2564147 France 2699780 France pressure vessels Compensation of thermally induced refractive fused silica body, and method of operating same 2598824 United Kingdom 2505564 France 602011037783.3 Germany 602012016725.4 Germany 2773898 France index distortions in an optical gain medium or 602012027902.8 Germany 2564147 United Kingdom RANDALL S. FIROR 2699780 Spain 602012013664.2 Germany other optical element 2505564 Greece 2699780 United Kingdom 2773898 Turkey 2447748 France LACY G. COOK Aerodynamic fin lock for adjustable and deployable fin 2773898 United Kingdom 217836 Israel 2598833 France 2447748 Germany MARK J. GUGLIUZZA, ROGER L. CLARK, 502017000040737 Italy Integrated 3-channel gas detection and measurement 2598833 Germany 214724 Israel BENJAMIN J. ANNINO, WILLIAM W. COOPER MICHAEL GEILE I534111 Taiwan spectrometer 2598833 United Kingdom 2447748 United Kingdom 2017/05271T4 Turkey 2573529 France Low noise oscillators Non-contiguous spectral-band modulator and method 2505564 United Kingdom 602012039706.3 Germany 2700157 France for non-contiguous spectral-band modulation STEPHEN M. PALIK DAVID D. CROUCH 2573529 United Kingdom A power combiner/divider for coupling n-coaxial 602012024563.8 Germany 2798806 France First-in-first out (FIFO) buffered median scene BRIAN GAHAN, WILLIAM C. STRAUSS, I523411 Taiwan 2798806 United Kingdom inputs/outputs to a waveguide via a matching plate non-uniformity correction method DERRICK J. ROCKOSI, CHRISTOPHER K. SOLECKI, GEORGE GOULD, MARK S. HAUHE, 2700157 United Kingdom to provide minimized reflection 2450849 France ALLEN L. KELLY, RICHARD GENTILMAN JASON G. MILNE, TERRY C. CISCO, PAUL NAHASS, NEIL R. NELSON, STEVEN R. WILKINSON 2450849 Germany 2599158 France MICHAEL K. BURKLAND Synchronization of remote clocks Fused silica body with vitreous silica inner layer, NICK ZAFIROPOULOS 602011038322.1 Germany 214967 Israel Aerogel dielectric layer Absolute position encoder 2799941 France 2450849 United Kingdom and method for making same 2599158 United Kingdom 2702365 France 2799942 France 2505565 France 2573805 France 602012028236.3 Germany 2799943 France 602012022095.3 Germany 602012025950.7 Germany WILLIAM E. HOKE, JEFFREY R. LAROCHE, MARK R. SKIDMORE, JOHN F. SILNY 2702365 United Kingdom 2799943 Germany 217822 Israel 502017000016824 Italy RALPH KORENSTEIN, STEVEN D. BERNSTEIN Position optimization 602011028494.0 Germany 2505565 Italy 2573805 Netherlands 2602633 France MARTIN S. DENHAM 2799941 United Kingdom Boron aluminum nitride diamond heterostructure 2505565 United Kingdom 2573805 Spain 2602633 Germany 2799942 United Kingdom 2455973 France 2573805 Sweden Shift register with two-phase non-overlapping clocks 5977363 Japan 2705659 France 2799943 United Kingdom 2455973 Germany DANIEL W. OTTS 2573805 United Kingdom 2602633 United Kingdom 602012021045.1 Germany 2455973 Italy Filtering sensor data to provide estimates of structures 2455973 United Kingdom 2705659 United Kingdom 2524238 France 2524238 Germany 2524238 United Kingdom

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FUSUN YAMAN SIRIN, JACOB BEAL, MARC BERTE, JOHN A. KOGUT PAUL A. MEREMS MICHAEL A. GRITZ, ZHAOYANG C. WANG, WILLIAM E. ELIAS, JAMES R. CHOW, BRYAN D. STEPHAN, HARSHA MODUR SATHYENDRA AARON ADLER, RONALD WEISS, Multi-spectral imaging system and method for remote Umbilical cable disconnect STEVEN M. LARDIZABAL THEODORE J. CONRAD Target identification for a radar image NOAH JUSTIN DAVIDSOHN biometric measurement of human physiological 2920541 France Loss-less frequency dependent dicke-switched Method for forming lanthanide nanoparticles 2523016 Germany Methods of evaluating gene expression levels parameters 2920541 Germany radiometer 3188861 France 2523016 Italy 2800813 France 2858566 France 2920541 Poland 3014231 France 3188861 Germany 2523016 Norway 602012026904.9 Germany 2858566 Germany 2920541 United Kingdom 602014008357.9 Germany 3188861 United Kingdom 2523016 Poland 2800813 United Kingdom 235743 Israel 6074116 Japan 2523016 Portugal 6005858 Japan MAURICE J. HALMOS 3014231 United Kingdom CRAIG ARMIENTO, JAMES R. CHOW, 2523016 Spain MICHAEL Y. JIN 2858566 United Kingdom Bistatic synthetic aperture LADAR system THEODORE J. CONRAD, WILLIAM E. ELIAS 2523016 United Kingdom Sar autofocus for ground penetration radar 2929368 France RICHARD H. BELANSKY, CECIL VERGEL DE DIOS, Cryocooler containing additively-manufactured PATRICK S. LEWIS, DOUGLAS P. GUGLER 2802896 France LACY G. COOK 602013034093.5 Germany ANDREW R. ROLLINGER heat exchanger 2929368 United Kingdom 602012031465.6 Germany All reflective real pupil telecentric imager Analog optical fiber-based signal distribution system 3189287 France High and low speed serial interface multiplexing circuit 2671335 Germany 2802896 United Kingdom 2862017 France 3189287 Germany JOHN J. ANAGNOST, ANDREW L. BULLARD and method 2671335 United Kingdom 602012038717.3 Germany 3030945 France 3189287 United Kingdom ZACHARIAH A. SEASLY, ELAINE E. SEASLY 5970129 Japan Hung mass accelerometer with differential eddy 3030945 Germany ANDREW EUGENE DOLPHIN Automated non-contacting cleaning 2862017 United Kingdom current sensing 3030945 United Kingdom JAMES GABURA, GEOFF HARRIS 2810721 France 2932275 France Rapid-response electron-beam deposition system Guidance system and method for missile divert 60206048761.4 Germany JAMES A. COVELLO, DAVID LARACUENTE, 602013016758.3 Germany IAN S. ROBINSON, JOHN D. BLOOMER having a controller utilizing leading and trailing minimization 2810721 United Kingdom TORMOD FRETHEIM 239265 Israel Configurable combination spectrometer and imager 2691729 Germany 2932275 United Kingdom deposition indicators 2691729 United Kingdom Non-causal attitude estimation for real-time motion 3039391 France JOHN A. THOMAS, RONALD L. RONCONE, 102006003108.3 Germany compensation of sensed images on a moving platform CHET L. RICHARDS 602015003231.4 Germany SYLVIA A. TRAXLER, STEVE KEARSLEY, GARY H. JOHNSON, THOMAS H. LIND 2865175 France 3039391 United Kingdom DAVID J. MARKASON, DAVID G. JENKINS, Pixel multiplication using code spread functions CHRISTOPHER J. GRAHAM, LESLIE A. LEDDA, Bi-polymer infrared optics for high-g applications 602013032318.6 Germany BYRON B. TAYLOR 2932463 France PAUL C. HERSHEY, NIRAJ N. SHAH, 2812745 France 2865175 United Kingdom JASON M. SHIRE, RICHARD POLLY, Co-boresighted dual-mode SAL/IR seeker including 602012030811.7 Germany 602013018263.9 Germany MU-CHENG WANG THOMAS H. BOOTES, GEORGE DARRYL BUDY, a SAL spreader 2812745 United Kingdom NICOLE M. QUACKENBUSH, TIM B. BONBRAKE, 238083 Israel Mobile and one-touch tasking and visualization 2932463 United Kingdom JESSE T. WADDELL, WAYNE Y. LEE 112010003767 Germany BRADLEY M. BIGGS Enhanced fragmentation for hard target 2484231 United Kingdom of sensor data JERRY M. GRIMM, RAYMOND SAMANIEGO Intermediate voltage arming 2780862 Germany Systems and methods for image sharpening BRUCE A. JENSEN, BRIAN A. GUNN, penetrator warhead 2867609 France 3105533 France DAMON C. TURNER, BRETT J. YOUNG 2780862 United Kingdom 2817655 France JAYOUNG NAM 602013028857.7 Germany 3105534 France 602013036491.5 Germany High-resolution link-path delay estimator and method Target-tracking radar and method for responding 2867609 United Kingdom 3105536 France RICK WILLIAMS, CHRIS E. GESWENDER 2817655 Poland for estimating a signal-path delay to fluctuations in target SNR 3105538 France Obturator ring with interlocking segments 2817655 United Kingdom 2965470 France 112012001478 Germany PHILIP T. SHIMON, LLOYD J. LEWINS, 3105533 Germany 3025117 Germany 2965470 Germany KENNETH E. PRAGER 3105534 Germany 3025117 United Kingdom KIRK A. MILLER 240767 Israel JASON A. JOHNSON, BRETT J. YOUNG Doppler tracking in presence of vehicle velocity 3105536 Germany Shock-resistant device and method 2965470 United Kingdom Target-tracking radar classifier with glint detection 3105533 Italy PHILIP C. THERIAULT, ANTHONY O. LEE, 2839243 France uncertainty and method for target classification using measured 2872919 France 3105534 Italy CHRISTOPHER ROTH 2839243 Germany MICHAEL GEILE target epsilon and target glint information 2872919 Germany 3105536 Italy Adjustable optical mounting 2839243 United Kingdom System and method for communicating with shaped 112012001722 Germany 236444 Israel 3105538 Italy 60 2007 052 966.2 Germany 2872919 United Kingdom cyclic time-domain waveforms 3105533 Spain 2008140 United Kingdom IAN S. ROBINSON 2987291 France JOHN COOLIDGE, JOSEPH SMITH, 3105534 Spain Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with 2987291 United Kingdom STANLEY TURNER CHRISTOPHER D. MARR, 3105536 Spain CHRIS E. GESWENDER, PAUL VESTY, enhanced readout speed CHRISTOPHER E. PENTLAND, WAYNE L. SUNNE 3105538 Spain Launcher platform GEOFFREY W. FROST, BRUCE E. MORGAN, 2839255 France CARISSA L. PICHON, MICHAEL E. YEOMANS, 1529002 Germany 2017 16910 Turkey DORON STRASSMAN 602013023085.4 Germany Vehicle having a nanocomposite optical ceramic dome JACK LEE, JAMES P. DUMAIS 1529002 Netherlands 2880395 France 3105533 Turkey 2839255 United Kingdom 300239207 Spain Rolling vehicle having collar with passively 2880395 Germany Synchronous data system and method for providing 3105536 Turkey 1529002 United Kingdom controlled ailerons 2880395 United Kingdom phase-aligned output data TR2017 16750 T4 Turkey 602012036952.3 Germany CHET L. RICHARDS 2992636 France 3105533 United Kingdom PETER BARBELLA, BARBARA E. PAUPLIS, 2017/17151 Turkey Stereo rectification method ROBERT W. VON MAYR, JOHN WILLEMS, 2992636 Germany 3105534 United Kingdom 2839431 France 2748558 United Kingdom 2992636 Italy 3105536 United Kingdom TAMARA L. FRANZ 602013006259.5 Germany DAVID J. REYES, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, 6121622 Japan 3105538 United Kingdom Technique for non-coherent integration of targets 5917767 Japan ERIK A. FJERSTAD FRANK C. SULZBACH, JOHN R. STALEY 2992636 Norway with ambiguous velocities Method and apparatus for range finding with a 2839431 United Kingdom Fin buzz system and method for assisting in unlocking 10-1710825 South Korea / Republic of Korea HOWARD S. NUSSBAUM 1590684 Germany single aperture a missile fin lock mechanism 2992636 Spain Flexible chirp generator 338595 Norway VICTOR KHITROV 2883016 France 602005051773.1 Germany 2992636 United Kingdom 3114541 France 1590684 United Kingdom 2883016 Germany 1723384 United Kingdom Optical fiber coupler for coupling signal beams 602015010905.8 Germany into a non-circularly shaped optical beam 2883016 United Kingdom DAVID H. ALTMAN, WILLIAM J. DAVIS EBERHARDT PRAEGER, BRUCE W. CHIGNOLA, I558093 Taiwan S RAJENDRAN, JAMES MASON, JOHN BEDINGER 2841983 France Method for creating a selective solder seal interface KEVIN E. MARTIN, GARO K. DAKESSIAN, JAMES KENDALL VILLARREAL, 3114541 United Kingdom Reduced inductance interconnect for enhanced 2841983 Germany for an integrated circuit cooling system DENNIS R. KLING, BORIS S. JACOBSON, STEPHEN D. HAIGHT, DANIEL CHASMAN microwave and millineter-wave systems (polymer on 5876612 Japan 2994936 France JAMES R. SACKETT WILLIAM WESOLOWSKI 2841983 United Kingdom Slotted multi-nozzle grid with integrated cooling metal (POM) interconnect fabrication structure) 602014007872.9 Germany Predictive semi-active laser pulse correlator and method Electrical transformer (planar magnetic assembly channels 602006053885.5 Germany 502017000058175 Italy 3146288 France with embedded core transformers) GARY A. CLAYTON, BRUCE CHARLES FITZ-PATRICK, 2906809 France 6169783 Japan 3146288 Germany 1894241 United Kingdom 1593131 Germany BYRON E. SHORT JR 2906809 Germany 10-1704592 South Korea / Republic of Korea 3146288 United Kingdom 1593131 Sweden Electronics enclosures with high thermal performance 2906809 United Kingdom 2994936 United Kingdom ROBERT J. SCHALLER, DONALD R. HOUSER, 1593131 United Kingdom and related system MICHAEL H. KIEFFER, DAWSON R. BRUCKMAN MICHAEL SNYDER, ANTHONY K. TYREE, BUU DIEP, ADAM M. KENNEDY, 2848106 France MICHAEL L. BREST, JEFFREY P. YANEVICH, Adaptive phase control of cryocooler active vibration THOMAS A. OLDEN, ROBERT P. JOHNSON, WILLIAM J. SCHMITT THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN, STEPHEN H. BLACK, 2848106 Germany KENNETH L. MC ALLISTER, ERIC J. GRIFFIN cancellation CHARLES HOWLAND All-digital line-of-sight (LOS) processor architecture 2848106 Poland ROLAND GOOCH 602009045416.1 Germany Variable aperture mechanism for cryogenic 3180669 France Entrapment systems and apparatuses for containing 2848106 United Kingdom Integrated bondline spacers for wafer level packaged 3180669 Germany 2326967 United Kingdom environment, and method projectiles from an explosion 3008812 France 3180669 United Kingdom circuit devices 2409111 Germany 2915190 France 3008812 Germany 2409111 United Kingdom 602013034236.9 Germany 3008812 Poland 2915190 Norway 3008812 United Kingdom 2018/05880 Turkey 2915190 United Kingdom

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STEVEN COTTEN, BENJAMIN DOLGIN, DANIEL C. HARRISON, WAYNE L. SUNNE, FANGCHOU YANG, ALBERTO F. VISCARRA, SEAN P. KILCOYNE, ROBERT E. MILLS, LUKE M. FLAHERTY, RANDAL E. KNAR ROBERT D. STULTZ JOHN WITZEL, MICHAEL BRENNAN, JAMES P. MILLS, FRANK E. SMITH III, CLIFTON QUAN, HEE KYUNG KYUNG KIM, KENTON VEEDER, JOHN L. VAMPOLA Room temperature low contact pressure method System and method for suppressing parasitics in JORGE GUTIERREZ, WILLIAM SULIGA DAVID J. KNAPP, DAVID G. GARRETT, SHAHROKH HASHEMI-YEGANEH, High quantum efficiency optical detectors 215514 Israel an optical device Search and rescue using ultraviolet radiation DAVID G. ANTHONY, DANIEL W. BRUNTON, ROBERT W. LADERA 214020 Israel 6243587 Japan 218856 Israel 602010034079.1 Germany EMMET ANDERSON, JIM R. HICKS Systems and methods for exciting long slot radiators 6013913 Japan MICKY HARRIS, JOHN L. VAMPOLA JOHN P. HARRELL, MICHAEL L. MENENDEZ, JOHN D. ISKER, WILLIAM B. KING, ERIC J. GRIFFIN, Gimbaled optical pointer of an RF antenna GEOFFREY LONG 190309 Israel 211959 Israel Multiple, low noise gain utilizing programmable CHAUNCHY F. MCKEARN KENNETH M. WEBB mosfet gates Optical element switching system using a halbach array Rapidly deployable high power laser beam delivery Method and apparatus for phased array antenna ANDREW B. FACCIANO, CHIN SHIAU ANTHONY L. VICICH, MARTIN G. FIX, 214021 Israel 215611 Israel system field calibration Digital interface unit (DIU) and method for controlling CHARLES K. ROGERS, JAYSON KAHLE BOPP 218910 Israel 602010047617.0 Germany DAVID U. FLUCKIGER IAN S. ROBINSON stages of a multi-stage missile Aircraft canister design Knowledge based spectrometer 2273614 United Kingdom 199520 Israel 212068 Israel Energy efficient laser detection and ranging system BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON 214024 Israel 216160 Israel Optimized orthonormal system and method for reducing NEIL R. NELSON, STEVEN R. WILKINSON LACY G. COOK ALEXANDER A. BETIN, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, dimensionality of hyperspectral images ROBIN A. REEDER, DAVID A. ROCKWELL, CARL KIRKCONNELL, LOWELL A. BELLIS, Synchronization of remote clocks Pointable optical system with coude optics having DAVID A. ROCKWELL 219057 Israel 602011029997.2 Germany VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV MICHAEL C. BARR, JEFFEREY REPERANT a short on-gimbal path length Method and apparatus for generation and amplification High efficiency compact linear cryocooler 202210 Israel Apparatus and method for mode control in LACY G. COOK, BRYCE WHEELER DAVID D. CROUCH of light in a semi-guiding high aspect ratio core fiber 216327 Israel 212124 Israel semi-guiding amplifier media Multi-function airborne sensor system Active retrodirective antenna array with a virtual 214214 Israel 219582 Israel MILTON BIRNBAUM, KALIN SPARIOSU ROGER W. GRAHAM beacon Modulated saturable absorber controlled laser LEONARD LE, EPIFANIO P. GONYEA, GARY A. FRAZIER Processing detector array signals using stacked STAN W. LIVINGSTON 602012036273.1 Germany 206208 Israel KEITH R. BURRELL, THOMAS L. KEHL 2017/16077 Turkey Radio frequency particles readout integrated circuits Continuous current rod antenna 2726810 United Kingdom Integrated locking hinge 214215 Israel 216363 Israel 219725 Israel ROBERT W. BYREN, DARIN S. WILLIAMS 212327 Israel Textured pattern sensing and detection, and using a I531242 Taiwan JERRY R. HINSON I528887 Taiwan RICHARD MULLEN, JASON MCKENNA, IAN S. ROBINSON charge-scavenging photodiode array for the same STEVEN P. MCFARLANE, WILLIAM P. HULL JR, Digital frequency channelizer STEVEN E. LAU, WILLIAM J. WOLFGONG, WILLIAM CONEY, PETER A. KRUMHANSL, Hybrid motion image compression GC0004625 Gulf Cooperation Council JAMES S. WILSON, THOMAS H. TAYLOR, 219943 Israel 208586 Israel CHRISTOPHER T. SNIVELY, CINDY W. MA, MICHAEL GOLDSMITH Subsurface intrusion detection system GEORGE F. BARSON, KARL L. WORTHEN, JERRY R. HINSON THOMAS K. DOUGHERTY ROBERT W. BYREN JAMES BARGER, SCOTT RITTER 214261 Israel JOSHUA LAMB, MATTHEW D. BROWN Digital fractional integrator X-ray opaque coatings and application Automatic avalanche photodiode bias setting system Systems and methods for detecting shooter locations Multi-band electronically scanned array antenna GC0004742 Gulf Cooperation Council 212569 Israel LACY G. COOK based on unity-gain noise measurement from an aircraft 216394 Israel Anamorphic relayed imager having multiple 220418 Israel JOHN P. HIGBY 209797 Israel BRANDON W. PILLANS, MICHAEL K. HOLZ, rotationally symmetric powered mirrors DAVID M. FILGAS, MICHAEL USHINSKY, ROBERT Cable reel axle shaft with integrated radio frequency ANTHONY ROSS, GREGORY V. BURNETT, STEPHEN J. SCHILLER, JOHN F. SILNY SCOTT M. JOHNSON, 214438 Israel D. STULTZ rotary coupling NATHAN M. MINTZ Method and system for vicarious spatial characterization of JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER Eye-safe Q-switched short pulse fiber laser GC0005350 Gulf Cooperation Council System and method for detection of concealed cargo JOSEPH J. ICHKHAN, DAVID A. ROCKWELL, a remote image sensor Multi-band, reduced-volume radiation detectors and 216975 Israel in a vehicle by center of mass measurement JOHN H. SCHROEDER 220646 Israel TUNGLIN L. TSAI, KATHE I. SCOTT, methods of formation 212666 Israel Method and apparatus for cooling a fiber laser PHILIP T. SHIMON, LACY G. COOK DONALD A. BOZZA, PATRICIA S. DUPUIS, 209861 Israel BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON or amplifier Faceted retro-mirror for line-of-sight jitter sensing JOHN B. FRANCIS, ANGELO M. PUZELLA IAN S. ROBINSON Spectral image dimensionality reduction system LACY G. COOK 214465 Israel 217508 Israel Scalable, analog monopulse network Method for hyperspectral image dimension reduction and method GC0005363 Gulf Cooperation Council Flat field schmidt telescope with extended field of view 212769 Israel SCOTT E. ADCOOK, CARL D. COOK 220761 Israel 210272 Israel GARY A. FRAZIER I533512 Taiwan Relative location determination of mobile sensor nodes 6133030 Japan STAN W. LIVINGSTON, SCOTT E. ADCOOK Multilayer light modulator 214478 Israel 217907 Israel JOSEPH M. CROWDER, PATRICIA S. DUPUIS, TERRY C. CISCO Plug-in antenna IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS ANGELO M. PUZELLA, MICHAEL C. FALLICA, Microwave directional coupler 212892 Israel SCOTT E. ADCOOK, MICHAEL LEE, CARL D. COOK, Basis vector spectral image compression 211106 Israel HARRISON A. PARKS, STEPHEN R. NASH, JOSEPH LICCIARDELLO, JOHN B. FRANCIS I520431 Taiwan ERIC P. LAM, CHRISTOPHER A. LEDDY MENA J. GHEBRANIOUS 220762 Israel Tile sub-array and related circuits and techniques Mobile sense through the wall radar system JEFFREY B. WEBER, FANGCHOU YANG, PETER V. MESSINA, RONALD G. HEGG, Integrating image frames FANGCHOU YANG, JASON G. MILNE, 275285 India 214681 Israel 217908 Israel JAR J. LEE, STAN W. LIVINGSTON CHAUNCHY F. MCKEARN, WILLIAM B. KING ALLEN WANG GREGG J. HLAVACEK, ANDREW B. FACCIANO, Dual-patch antenna and array System for automatic alignment, stabilization, and focus MENA J. GHEBRANIOUS, SCOTT E. ADCOOK, Variable height radiating aperture 211317 Israel PATRICIA S. DUPUIS, JOSEPH LICCIARDELLO, ROBERT T. MOORE for an off-axis telescope JOHN B. FRANCIS, ROBERT W. ALM, CARL D. COOK 221050 Israel Separable structure material IAN S. ROBINSON 213643 Israel KENNETH S. KOMISAREK, ANGELO M. PUZELLA, Method and system for motion compensation 279734 India for hand held MTI radar sensor VICTOR WANG, CHET L. RICHARDS Resolution on demand MICHAEL USHINSKY, VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, DONALD A. BOZZA Hadamard enhanced sensors 211477 Israel 217909 Israel HOWARD C. CHOE VIJAY MURGAI, ROBERT W. BYREN Panel array 221234 Israel 214771 Israel Information processing system Low-aberration optical window LACY G. COOK ROHN SAUER, CLIFTON QUAN, MARK S. HAUHE CHET L. RICHARDS 286102 India Systems and methods for providing a reconfigurable 213912 Israel LACY G. COOK, JOHN F. SILNY Infrared dispersive spectrometer 218295 Israel Structure discovery in a point cloud LARRY L. LAI, DEVON J. PRICE, JOSE MELENDEZ groundplane MATTHEW T. KUIKEN, TODD E. SESSLER, Two material achromatic prism 221235 Israel 211611 Israel 214859 Israel Foam layer transmission line structures WILLIAM M. BOWSER, ROBERT M. STOKES GENE P. COCHRAN, KENN S. BATES DANIEL S. CHEW, LEO H. HUI 286881 India ROBERT C. HON, JOHN F. SILNY System and method for athermal operation of a BRANDON CROW, ARTHUR M. NEWMAN System and method for protecting an optical focal plane array (method for athermal operation module during laser testing Grating lobe mitigation in presence of simultaneous STEPHEN D. MILLIGAN, JAMES BARGER, Time domain vibration reduction and control Approximation of an imaged object from edges receive beams 211790 Israel of uncooled FPAs) 218700 Israel MARSHALL BRINN, RICHARD MULLEN detected from the underlying image 221236 Israel 213921 Israel 215076 Israel Systems and methods for estimating a shooter JOHN F. SILNY, LACY G. COOK DEREK PRUDEN, LARRY L. LAI, DONALD P. COX range by detecting shock wave and muzzle blast DAVID T. WINSLOW, KYLE W. MAXHIMER JOHN FRASCHILLA, ERIC N. BOE, CARL CHAPLIN, HONGTHU K. NGUYEN, Two material achromatic prism 291068 India WILLIAM L. LEWIS 218809 Israel Sensor for chemical and biological agents using Lightweight antenna attachment structure THOMAS E. JENKINS, MICHAEL L. WELLS detection improvement agent vaporizers 211885 Israel Method and system for signal distortion characterization Carrier modulating accelerometer VITALIY M. KAGANOVICH, DAVE S. DOUGLAS, 221622 Israel and predistortion compensation using mutual coupling 215134 Israel NICHOLAS SUN, ARTHUR M. NEWMAN in a radio frequency transmit/receive system RANDALL W. ZYWICKI, JOHN R. MOORE 213991 Israel Three-frame difference moving target acquisition system and method for target track identification Variable monochromatic uniform calibration source 221798 Israel 218825 Israel

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MAURICE J. HALMOS LACY G. COOK JAMES D. HILL, JOEL C. ROPER, MICHAEL USHINSKY, DEREK HENDRY, JOE A. ORTIZ SAMUEL D. TONOMURA, CLINTON O. HOLTER, Using multiple waveforms from a coherent ladar Multiple access point laser communications terminal KEVIN W. OMMODT JOSEPH J. ICHKHAN High voltage wide bandwidth amplifier TERRY C. CISCO for target acquisition 239110 Israel Method and apparatus for doubling the capacity of Miniaturized solid-state lasing device, system 6255487 Japan Improved flip chip MMIC on board performance using 222700 Israel 6062071 Japan a lens-based switched beam antenna system and method periodic electromagnetic bandgap structures 5889768 Japan 6023223 Japan WILLIAM E. HOKE, JEFFREY R. LAROCHE, 337499 Norway STEVEN L. KAUFMAN, VINCENT C. HOUGO, WILLIAM C. PACK THOMAS E. KAZIOR JACK E. WHITE Local area processing using packed distribution SAM MOHAN, STEVE DAVIDSON, MICKY HARRIS, WASIM H. KHALED Method for reducing growth of non-uniformities SAMUEL D. TONOMURA Methods and apparatus to disrupt the engine functions MU-CHENG WANG Low power static random access memory and autodoping during column III-V growth into Periodic interleaved star with vias electromagnetic of a vehicle 239493 Israel Methods and apparatus for router-to-radio flow control 6042999 Japan dielectric windows bandgap structure for microstrip and flip chip on 222701 Israel 5898321 Japan 6271020 Japan SHAWN M. ERVING board applications 11201401150V Singapore JOHN F. SILNY, DUANE SMITH, I555136 Taiwan 337502 Norway MARC BERTE Leadless chip carrier thermal adapter for dewar C. THOMAS HASTINGS JR, GARY D. COLEMAN High resolution thermography packaging THOMAS A. HANFT, SUSAN M. ESHELMAN, High-bandwidth optical communications JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER, YANMIN ZHANG, GERALD COX, ANITA L. REINEHR, 224116 Israel 239494 Israel DOUGLAS R. GENTRY, S RAJENDRAN, relay architecture CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER, JOHN J. DRAB MARK S. HAUHE, CLIFTON QUAN, COLLEEN MONTE R. SANCHEZ 6046815 Japan Pin diode structure having surface charge suppression FRIEDRICH STROHKENDL TALLMAN, STAN W. LIVINGSTON FRANK N. CHEUNG Heterogeneous chip integration with low loss 6276407 Japan Suppression of amplified spontaneous emission ASE( ) Radiator structures Data translation system and method interconnection through adaptive patterning RANDAL E. KNAR, LUKE M. FLAHERTY, 337507 Norway 224329 Israel within laser planar waveguide devices 5906172 Japan TIFFANIE RANDALL BORIS S. JACOBSON 239720 Israel Temporary adhesive for component bonding Integrated smart power switch DONALD V. SCHNAIDT, MELINDA C. MILANI, BYRON B. TAYLOR, W. HOWARD HOWARD POISL PAUL B. HAFELI, ELI HOLZMAN, 6077708 Japan 6282169 Japan TRENT A. JACOBS RANDY C. BARNHART, CRAIG S. KLOOSTERMAN, Seeker with a molded dichroic mirror MICHAEL VARGAS, AARON J. STEIN 10-1801756 South Korea / Republic of Korea 224995 Israel Method and apparatus for gain and level correction JOHN T. BROAD STEVEN TALCOTT Gold removal from electronic components Data handling in a distributed communication of multi-tap CCD cameras 5926935 Japan RANDAL E. KNAR, LUKE M. FLAHERTY, Direct geolocation from TDOA, FDOA, and AGL BUU DIEP, STEPHEN H. BLACK, ROLAND GOOCH, 239750 Israel 6295345 Japan network (high rate CCSDS data handling for a distributed 10-1829924 South Korea / Republic of Korea TIFFANIE RANDALL THOMAS ALLAN KOCIAN 6033972 Japan Gum rosin protective coating and methods of use ground system) 338322 Norway Incident radiation detector packaging DARIN S. WILLIAMS 6096978 Japan DMITRI JERDEV IAN S. ROBINSON, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS 225715 Israel Blur-calibration system for electro-optical sensors 10-1819151 South Korea / Republic of Korea Local area contrast enhancement 5873094 Japan Rapid detection 6302501 Japan RON K. NAKAHIRA, JOON PARK, BRIAN H. TRAN, I597859 Taiwan 240319 Israel and method using a moving multi-target constellation ROBERT ALLISON 5937213 Japan IAN KERFOOT, JAMES KOSALOS Method and system for synthetic aperture sonar STEPHEN H. BLACK, ADAM M. KENNEDY, Micro-electrical-mechanical device and method of GARY A. FRAZIER ANTHONY SOMMESE, BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, STEVE DAVIDSON, YI-CHAO SIMON CHUANG, (three-dimensional position estimation for synthetic MICHAEL A. GRITZ making same Method and apparatus for modulating light IAN S. ROBINSON MU-CHENG WANG aperture sonar, using correlation of physical beams) Multichip packaging for imaging system 338423 Norway 225962 Israel 6309001 Japan Sparse adaptive filter 6117466 Japan 241344 Israel Routing by selecting a routing table from a plurality WILLIAM T. STIFFLER BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON of routing tables JOE A. ORTIZ SUNDER S. RAJAN Programmable cockpit upgrade system System and method for hyperspectral image compression MICHAEL D. RUNYAN, CHAD PATTERSON, 5938139 Japan Bidirectional motor driver low voltage power Superelastic wire and method of formation 338709 Norway 233979 Israel CLIFTON QUAN, JOHN J. WOOTAN 6324903 Japan 6042912 Japan WILLIAM E. HOKE, JEFFREY R. LAROCHE supply (LVPS) KAICHIANG CHANG, SHARON A. ELSWORTH, Rotary joint with contactless annular electrical connection 6121614 Japan 247641 Israel Semiconductor structure having silicon cmos transistors GREGORY LEEDBERG, GEORGE W. SPENCER JR., PETER H. SHEAHAN, MARVIN I. FREDBERG MARTIN S. DENHAM, CHRISTIAN M. BOEMLER with column III-V transistors on a common substrate DAVID N. SITTER JR KENNETH D. CAREY Radome with polyester-polyarylate fibers and a method Repartitioned digital pixel JOHN D. BLOOMER, IAN S. ROBINSON 5950983 Japan Afocal telescope for back-scanned imagery XMPP message filtering of making same (vectran reinforced fabric radome) 234706 Israel Imaging spectropolarimeter using orthogonal 2301209 Netherlands DAVID E. NORMAN, WALTER W. NORMAN, 6129991 Japan 338883 Norway 5868545 Japan polarization pairs 2301209 Spain DAVID A. KLUVER SR 247871 Israel WILLIAM E. HOKE, KAMAL TABATABAIE, 2301209 United Kingdom LAWRENCE DALCONZO, DAVID J. DRAPEAU, CHET L. RICHARDS Beam steering element feed forward command KEVIN MCCARTHY, EDUARDO M. CHUMBES CHRISTOPHER A. MOYE, TAMRAT AKALE, Point cloud construction with unposed cameras JUSTIN GORDON ADAMS WEHNER, aiding architecture MELINDA C. MILANI, JEFFREY SCHREIBER, 236669 Israel Gallium nitride devices having low ohmic MICHAEL T. CRNKOVICH, SIDDHARTHA GHOSH 5955449 Japan RANDY C. BARNHART, DONALD V. SCHNAIDT EDUARDO D. BARRIENTOS JR contact resistance Data monitoring and recovery JAMES S. BLACKMON, HOWARD M. DE RUYTER Imaging system with a dynamic polarizer 6132909 Japan Compact multilayer circuit 248675 Israel LACY G. COOK 20065175 Norway Calibration system for detector Wide spectral coverage ross corrected cassegrain-like 10-1734336 South Korea / Republic of Korea 339769 Norway 237327 Israel LLOYD LINDER BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON telescope JASON G. MILNE, CHRISTOPHER R. KOONTZ, ROMULO J. BROAS, RALSTON S. ROBERTSON, 5976765 Japan Mixed technology mems/bicmos lc bandpass VITALIY M. KAGANOVICH Optimized orthonormal system and method for TSE E. WONG ROBERT T. LEWIS, WILLIAM HENDERSON sigma-delta for direct RF sampling Light detection and ranging target tracking system reducing dimensionality of hyperspectral images Stacked wafer with coolant channels Transverse device array radiator ESA 249566 Israel BUU DIEP 337093 Norway and method System and method for packaging electronic devices 6162316 Japan 340179 Norway 238195 Israel 10-1748513 South Korea / Republic of Korea ARTHUR M. NEWMAN, BRANDON CROW 5997784 Japan ALLEN WANG, TAMRAT AKALE IKE CHANG, IRWIN NEWBERG I550799 Taiwan BRADLEY A. FLANDERS, IAN S. ROBINSON Edge diversity object detection JASON G. MILNE, JOHN P. GIANVITTORIO, Bandpass filter Antenna transceiver system 337285 Norway Correction of variable offsets relying upon scene 502016000109867 Italy FREDERICK A. DOMINSKI 340276 Norway 2453409 United Kingdom MATTHEW J. KLOTZ, JEAN-PAUL BULOT 238604 Israel Method and apparatus for synthesizing ultra-wide RF module for individual or integrated use MARK E. RUSSELL, MICHAEL J. DELCHECCOLO, 6224814 Japan LOUIS LUH, KEH-CHUNG WANG MARTIN S. DENHAM PAUL A. DANELLO, RICHARD A. STANDER, bandwidth waveforms HERMAN B. VAN REES, DELBERT LIPPERT, Comparator with resonant tunneling diodes 6001105 Japan 10-1857512 South Korea / Republic of Korea Infrared thermal imaging system and method MICHAEL D. GOULET WALTER G. WOODINGTON 340332 Norway Conduction cooling of multi-channel flip chip based Docking information system for boats 238688 Israel CHET L. RICHARDS VLADIMIR V. SHKUNOV, JAMES R. MULROY, panel array circuits DAVID A. ROCKWELL 337296 Norway CRAIG S. KLOOSTERMAN, DONALD V. SCHNAIDT, WILLIAM H. WELLMAN, ERIC J. GUDIM, 5876966 Japan Point cloud construction with unposed camera RANDY C. BARNHART, STEVEN TALCOTT, 6001776 Japan Method and apparatus for fiber delivery of high-power LEE M. SAVAGE MARK S. HAUHE, KEVIN C. ROLSTON, MELINDA C. MILANI ROBERT L. KESSELRING laser beams CLIFTON QUAN, TSE E. WONG, HAROLD FENGER Kalman filtering with indirect noise measurements ELI HOLZMAN, PAUL B. HAFELI, ROBERT M. STERNS Data handling in a distributed communication network Method for compensating for boresight error in 6227676 Japan Circuit board assembly and method of attaching a 238877 Israel System for securing a semiconductor device to a printed 340426 Norway missiles with composite radomes and guidance section STEVE DAVIDSON, YI-CHAO SIMON CHUANG, chip to a circuit board VICTOR S. REINHARDT, JAR J. LEE circuit board 337415 Norway MARTIN STEVENS, QUENTON JONES with boresight error compensation 6018385 Japan MU-CHENG WANG Embedded element electronically steerable antenna 5886290 Japan Routing by selecting a routing table from a plurality Secondary radar message decoding STAN W. LIVINGSTON, RICHARD KOENIG, 340709 Norway for improved operating bandwidth of routing tables 238962 Israel KYRIAKOS C. CHRISTOU JAR J. LEE 6236116 Japan 6195937 Japan Low-heat-transfer interface between metal parts Radome structure 10-1714945 South Korea / Republic of Korea 5886327 Japan 337453 Norway

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JONATHAN D. GORDON, REZA TAYRANI ERIC SABOL Broadband microwave amplifier Femtocell configuration 340987 Norway I523564 Taiwan RANDY C. BARNHART, CRAIG S. KLOOSTERMAN, LEONARD P. CHEN, MICKY HARRIS, DONALD V. SCHNAIDT, STEVEN TALCOTT, KENTON VEEDER MELINDA C. MILANI System and method for analog-to-digital conversion Data handling in a distributed communication network I524677 Taiwan 341720 Norway JERRY R. HINSON QUENTON JONES, MARTIN STEVENS Digital filter-decimator-tuner Secondary radar message decoding I539742 Taiwan 341769 Norway VALERY S. KAPER, ANTHONY KOPA YUCHOI F. LOK Differential to single-ended transmission Weather and airborne clutter suppression using line interface a cluster shape classifier I548226 Taiwan 220849 Poland ROBERT M. STERNS, PAUL B. HAFELI, JAMES H. ROONEY III, STEPHEN JACOBSEN, ELI HOLZMAN FRASER M. SMITH System and method for securing a ball grid array Vessel hull robot navigation subsystem to a printed wire board 10-1597393 South Korea / Republic of Korea I554173 Taiwan JEFFREY SAUNDERS WALTER B. SCHULTE JR, JAR J. LEE, Monolithic integrated circuit chip integrating REZA TAYRANI, JAMES A. CARR multiple devices Integrated antenna system with differential high power 10-1613187 South Korea / Republic of Korea amplifier for a low profile, wide band transmit array I565031 Taiwan I556510 Taiwan BRYAN FAST ANTHONY KOPA, MATTHEW A. MORTON, Meandered slow wave taper matching network JONATHAN COMEAU 10-1637861 South Korea / Republic of Korea Linear sampler 2932595 United Kingdom I568198 Taiwan WILLIAM CONEY, RICHARD MULLEN, ANGELO M. PUZELLA, JAMES A. ROBBINS, JASON MCKENNA, PETER A. KRUMHANSL DONALD A. BOZZA, JOHN B. FRANCIS Subsurface intrusion detection system Transmit/receive daughter card with integral circulator 10-1688246 South Korea / Republic of Korea I577085 Taiwan PAUL MATTHEW ALCORN, ADRIAN WILLIAMS PATRICK J. POWERS, PAUL J. LANZKRON Monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) structure and Dynamic azimuth scanning for rotating active electronic method for forming such structure scanned array radar 10-1689137 South Korea / Republic of Korea I586989 Taiwan I550723 Taiwan MICHAEL D. ERNEST, GEORGE T. STROTHER, CODY B. MOODY RICHARD C. JUERGENS, FREDERIC W. KINGDON, Method for bonding wafers and hermetically sealed DAVID J. MARKASON, MICHAEL G. FOLEY wafer packages Infrared imaging system 10-1701541 South Korea / Republic of Korea I587001 Taiwan LLOYD J. LEWINS, KENNETH E. PRAGER, MICHAEL BRENNAN PHILIP T. SHIMON Material deposition system for additive manufacturing System and method for tracking the relative velocity I616321 Taiwan between a vehicle and a target 10-1784576 South Korea / Republic of Korea TIMOTHY D. SMITH, DAVID PAYTON, MICHAEL HOWARD, WENDELL D. BRADSHAW CURTIS B. CARLSTEN, MARK S. LANGELIER, System and method for automated search by DANIEL B. MINARIK, ERIK F. ITEM distributed elements Unmanned underwater vehicle 1769297 United Kingdom 2914485 Spain 2914485 United Kingdom DAVID M. FILGAS, WILLIAM B. KING, ROBERT W. BYREN TIFFANY E. CASSIDY, DAVID D. HESTON, Linear adaptive optics system in low power beam CLAIRE E. MOONEY, JON MOONEY path and method Resonated bypass capacitor for enhanced performance 2137567 United Kingdom of a microwave circuit I515951 Taiwan LAWRENCE P. STRICKLAND Raytheon’s Intellectual Property (IP) is valuable. If you Selecting and routing sub-signals from a common become aware of any entity that may be using any of JEONG-GYUN SHIN signal path Raytheon’s proprietary inventions, patents, trademarks, High speed serializer 2482936 United Kingdom I521891 Taiwan software, data or designs, or would like to license any of the foregoing, please contact your Raytheon IP counsel: David Rikkers (IDS), Sumeet Magoon (IIS), John Horn (MS), Robin R. Loporchio (Corporate) and Adam Hale (SAS).

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