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In Phylogenetic Reconstruction, PAUP
The pitfalls of exaggeration: molecular and morphological evidence suggests Kaliana is a synonym of Mesabolivar (Araneae: Pholcidae) JONAS J. ASTRIN1, BERNHARD MISOF & BERNHARD A. HUBER2 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract When the Venezuelan genus Kaliana Huber, 2000 was described, it was based on a single male specimen that was mor- phologically unique among pholcid spiders, especially in its extremely exaggerated male genitalia. The morphology of the recently discovered female suggests a close relationship with Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998. Using molecular sequences (mitochondrial CO1, 16S, and nuclear 28S) of Kaliana yuruani Huber, 2000 and 53 other pholcid taxa (152 sequences, 19 of them sequenced in this study) in a Bayesian and a maximum parsimony approach, we show that Kaliana is not sister group of, but nested within the species-rich South American genus Mesabolivar. Therefore, we argue that Kaliana is a junior synonym of Mesabolivar (Mesabolivar yuruani, n. comb.). Complementing previous stud- ies on pholcid phylogeny, we also present evidence for a close relationship between Mesabolivar and Carapoia, support the synonymy of Anomalaia and Metagonia with molecular data, support the monophyly of 'ninetines' and question the recently postulated position of Priscula as nested within the New World clade. Key words: pholcid spiders, subfamily-level groups, Metagonia, Carapoia, Priscula, beta-taxonomy, phylogeny Introduction There seems to be a tendency for taxonomists to create new genera for highly ‗aberrant‘ species. For example, when the first spider species with directionally asymmetric male genitalia was discovered, a new genus was erected for it (Anomalaia González-Sponga, 1998). -
Catálogo De Arañas De Cádiz
Arículo Ampliación del catálogo de arañas de la provincia de Cádiz, con una nueva especie para la Península Ibérica (España). Iñigo Sánchez1, Álvaro Pérez2, José Manuel Amarillo2 & Miguel Pedreño ¹ ZooBotánico de Jerez, Madreselva s/n, E-11408 Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), España 2Sociedad Gaditana de Historia Natural. Recibido: 19 de noviembre de 2019. Aceptado (versión revisada): 5 de diciembre de 2019. Publicado en línea: 18 de diciembre de 2019. Extension of the spider catalog of the province of Cadiz, with a new species for the Iberian peninsula (Spain) Palabras claves: Araneae; catálogo; Cádiz; España. Keywords: Araneae; catalogue; Cadiz province; Spain. Resumen Abstract Se amplía el listado de especies de arañas conocidas de la provincia In this work the list of known spider species in the province of Cadiz de Cádiz (Andalucía, España). Se incluyen once nuevas especies para (Andalusia, Spain) is updated and expanded. Eleven new species are la provincia, de las cuales seis se citan por primera vez en Andalucía included for the province, of which six are cited for the first ime in y una, Thyene phragmiigrada Metzner, 1999, es nueva para la Andalusia and one, Thyene phragmiigrada Metzner, 1999, for the península ibérica. Iberian Peninsula. El total de especies de arañas conocidas en la provincia de Cádiz tras The present number of recorded spider species in Cadiz province is esta aportación asciende a 359, pertenecientes a 212 géneros y 47 359 belonging to 212 genus and 47 families. familias. Introducción al catálogo realizado para la fauna ibero-balear por Morano et al. (2019). El catálogo preliminar de las arañas de Cádiz (Sánchez-García 2003) recogía 158 especies pertenecientes a 34 familias. -
Pholcid Spider Molecular Systematics Revisited, with New Insights Into the Biogeography and the Evolution of the Group
Cladistics Cladistics 29 (2013) 132–146 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00419.x Pholcid spider molecular systematics revisited, with new insights into the biogeography and the evolution of the group Dimitar Dimitrova,b,*, Jonas J. Astrinc and Bernhard A. Huberc aCenter for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; cForschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Accepted 5 June 2012 Abstract We analysed seven genetic markers sampled from 165 pholcids and 34 outgroups in order to test and improve the recently revised classification of the family. Our results are based on the largest and most comprehensive set of molecular data so far to study pholcid relationships. The data were analysed using parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods for phylogenetic reconstruc- tion. We show that in several previously problematic cases molecular and morphological data are converging towards a single hypothesis. This is also the first study that explicitly addresses the age of pholcid diversification and intends to shed light on the factors that have shaped species diversity and distributions. Results from relaxed uncorrelated lognormal clock analyses suggest that the family is much older than revealed by the fossil record alone. The first pholcids appeared and diversified in the early Mesozoic about 207 Ma ago (185–228 Ma) before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea. Vicariance events coupled with niche conservatism seem to have played an important role in setting distributional patterns of pholcids. Finally, our data provide further support for multiple convergent shifts in microhabitat preferences in several pholcid lineages. -
Leaf-Dwelling Pholcids of Guinea, with Emphasis On
Journal of Natural History Vol. 43, Nos. 39–40, October 2009, 2491–2523 LifeTNAH0022-29331464-5262Journal of Natural HistoryHistory, on Vol. 1, No. 1, Augleaves: 2009: pp. 0–0 leaf-dwelling pholcids of Guinea, with emphasis on Crossopriza cylindrogaster Simon, a spider with inverted resting position, pseudo-eyes, lampshade web, and tetrahedral egg-sac (Araneae: Pholcidae) BernhardJournalB.A. Huber of Natural History A. Huber* Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 28 January 2009; final version received 24 July 2009) Many tropical pholcid spider species are morphologically and behaviourally adapted to life on the underside of green leaves. The taxonomy of these cryptic spiders is mostly poorly known, and almost nothing is known about their biology. The present paper deals with seven West African leaf-dwelling pholcid species. Two of them are new to science: Pholcus kakum n. sp. and Spermophora dieke n. sp.; of three further species, the males are newly described: Crossopriza cylindro- gaster Simon, 1907, Leptopholcus tipula (Simon, 1907), and L. guineensis Millot, 1941. Crossopriza cylindrogaster is remarkable for its inverted resting position (dorsal side pressed against the leaf), modifications of the lateral eyes that appear like additional lenses, lampshade webs with or without “ornaments” (puffs of silk), and tetrahedral egg-sacs. Finally, new morphological data and records are provided for Pehrforsskalia conopyga Deeleman-Reinhold and van Harten, 2001; Nyikoa limbe Huber, 2007 is newly recorded from Guinea. Keywords: Pholcidae; leaf-dwelling; West Africa; taxonomy; natural history Introduction Leaf-dwelling pholcids (i.e. those that live on alive, green leaves) are a fascinating example of multiple convergent morphological and ethological adaptations to a spe- cific microhabitat. -
Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the African Endemic Genus
Zootaxa 3461: 1-138 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 • Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0704C43A-73D8-4A28-915A-7FF8611C8606 ZOOTAXA Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae) BERNHARD A. HUBER Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] This paper is dedicated to Prof. Otto Kraus Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by W. Fannes: 7 Jun. 2012; published: 7 Sept. 2012 BERNHARD A. HUBER Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae) (Zootaxa 3461) 138 pp.; 30 cm. 7 Sept. 2012 ISBN 978-1-86977-979-5 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-980-1 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, ransmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 • Zootaxa 3461 © 2012 Magnolia Press HUBER Table -
SGHN-VOLUMEN-XIII-2019.Pdf
SOCIEDAD GADITANA DE HISTORIA NATURAL C/ Madreselva s/n 11404 - Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz) [email protected] JUNTA DIRECTIVA Presidente Francisco Hortas Rodríguez-Pascual Vicepresidente Iñigo Sánchez García Secretario José Manuel Amarillo Vargas Tesorero Juan Belmonte Rodríguez-Pascual Vocales Mariano Cuadrado Guiérrez Juan Carlos Soto Sánchez Francisco Javier Ruíz Marínez COMITÉ EDITORIAL Editor Antonio Verdugo Páez Coeditores Íñigo Sánchez García Carlos M. García Jiménez Francisco Hortas Rodríguez-Pascual Maquetación Juan Carlos Soto Sánchez REVISORES Carlos Aedo Isabel Marque Manuel Baena Alberto Marínez-Orí Andrés Bermejo Antonio Melic Leila Carmona Victor Monserrat Leopoldo Castro Alvaro Pérez Elias Dana Antonio Verdugo Xavier Espadaler José Luis Yela Francisco Hortas i © Sociedad Gaditana de Historia Natural Depósito legal: CA 4-2016 ISSN: 1577-2578 eISSN: 2340-5759 Dibujo portada: “Monochamus galloprovincialis” por Fernando J. S. Correia. Finalista en el III Concurso de Ilustración de Naturaleza de la SGHN (Arcos de la Frontera, 2018). ii Revista de la Sociedad Gaditana de Historia Natural, vol. 13 (2019) ÍNDICE Nuevas citas y observaciones Patricia Pérez-García y Juan L. Cervera. Primera cita del cefalaspídeo Philine iris Tringali, 2001 (Gastropoda:Heterobranchia) para las costas gaditanas………........................................................................................... 1 Nuevas citas y observaciones Rhian Guillem & Keith Bensusan. Two new specis of ant (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) for Europe, from Southern Iberia………………………………………………................................................................................................................................ -
New World Pholcid Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a Revision at Generic Level
NEW WORLD PHOLCID SPIDERS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE): A REVISION AT GENERIC LEVEL BERNHARD A. HUBER Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 254, 348 pages, 1357 figures, 9 maps, 4 appendices Issued June 30, 2000 Price: $29.30 a copy Copyright ᭧ American Museum of Natural History 2000 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................... 04 Introduction ................................................................... 04 Materials and Methods ....................................................... 06 Acknowledgments ........................................................... 07 Phylogenetics ................................................................. 07 Terminal Taxa ............................................................... 07 Characters Scored ........................................................... 09 Characters Not Scored ....................................................... 32 Cladistic Analysis ........................................................... 34 Taxonomy—Pholcidae .......................................................... 41 Diagnosis ................................................................... 41 Description ................................................................. 46 Natural History .............................................................. 48 Composition ................................................................ 50 Key to New World Genera .................................................. -
PDF995, Job 4
Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 291-300, 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Pergamon Copyright © 1995 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0001-7272/95$9.50 + .00 0001-7272(94)00037-9 Copulatory Mechanism in Holocnemus pluchei and Pholcus opilionoides, With Notes on Male Cheliceral Apophyses and Stridulatory Organs in Pholcidae (Araneae) Bernhard A. Huber* Institut für Zoologie der Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria (Accepted for publication 14 October 1994) Abstract Huber, B. A. 1994. Copulatory mechanism in Holocnemus pluchei and Pholcus opilionoides, with notes on male cheliceral apophyses and stridulatory organs in Pholcidae (Araneae).—Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 76: 291-300. The pholcid spiders Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) and Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781) are investigated with respect to functional morphology of their genital organs using freeze-fixation of spiders during copula in liquid nitrogen and subsequent preparation of histological serial sections of the copulatory organs in functional contact. Special attention is paid to the mode of male pedi- palpal arrestation before copulation, which is achieved in two quite different ways: in Pholcus by contact of the lateral cheliceral apophysis with the pedipalpal trochanter-apophysis, in Holocnemus by locking the pedipalpal trochanter between chelicera and pedipalpal coxa. The condition in Pholcus is considered to be apomorphic and to present a synapomorphy of about a dozen genera for which the name “Pholcus-group” is proposed. The stridulatory apparatus of Holocnemus pluchei is described, its biological significance discussed and an overview of accounts on stridulation in Pholcidae given. Bernhard A. Huber, Institut für Zoologie der Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria. -
Bioaniztasuna Eta Araknidoak = Biodiversidad Y Arácnidos
«Bioaniztasuna eta araknidoak» / «Biodiversidad y arácnidos» / «Biodiversity and arachnids» 13 AURKIBIDEA/INDICE EUSKO JAURLARITZAREN AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO VASCO ..................................................................................5 GIPUZKOAKO FORU ALDUNDIKO AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DE LA DIPUTACIÓN FORAL DE GIPUZKOA................................................7 ARANZADIKO LEHENDAKARIAREN AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DEL PRESIDENTE DE ARANZADI............................................................9 SARRERA / INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................................................................10 SETTING UP AND RUNNING A SPIDER RECORDING SCHEME..............................................................................................................14 Anthony RUSSELL-SMITH & Peter HARVEY CREACIÓN Y USO CIENTÍFICO DE COLECCIONES DE ARÁCNIDOS .........................................................................................................24 Miguel VILLENA SÁNCHEZ-VALERO CATÁLOGO PRELIMINAR DE LAS ARAÑAS DEL PAÍS VASCO.................................................................................................................44 Alberto DE CASTRO AVANCES EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LOS ÁCAROS ORIBÁTIDOS COMO INDICADORES DE LAS CONDICIONES EDÁFICAS ..................................70 Juan Carlos ITURRONDOBEITIA; Ana Isabel CABALLERO & Julio ARROYO INTRODUCCIÓN A LA DIVERSIDAD DE LAS ARAÑAS IBEROBALEARES .....................................................................................................92 -
Spotted Dome-Shaped Webs of the Pholcids Crossopriza Sp. and Holocnemus Pluchei Araneae: Pholcidae
Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. (2003) 12 (8), 345–354 345 Spotted dome-shaped webs of the pholcids Research into the spinning activity of pholcid spiders Crossopriza sp. and Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae: has shown that some of them build dome-shaped Pholcidae) webs. Wiehle (1933) was the first to notice that some domed webs woven by Holocnemus hispanicus Wiehle, Jaromír Hajer and Dana R{ eháková 1933 have aspotted appearance. Sedey &Jakob (1998) Department of Biology, Purkinje University, described an ‘‘unusual dome web occupied by egg- C{ eské mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, carrying Holocnemus pluchei’’;although the authors Czech Republic did not pay special attention to either the micro- or ultrastructure of threads constituting this web, they Summary mentioned that silk strands were occasionally clumped into small balls on the surface of the dome, and a Holocnemus pluchei and Crossopriza sp. spiders can photograph, which shows the shape of the web they spin either non-spotted or spotted domed sheet webs. The spotted appearance of the domes is the result of puff sof describe, clearly proves the presence of such puff s. silk. The material needed to produce the puff sofsilk is Eberhard (1992a) described in detail the construction of provided by stretched skeleton and filling threads, or the domed sheet webs by Modisimus sp. spiders, but did not threads which constitute the dome, onto which the spider describe spots on the dome. Our research focused on applies loops of unstretched fibrils emitted by the spinning webs containing domed sheets which have aspotted apparatus, using its fourth pair of legs. -
Estudio De Proceso De Colonización Y Radiación Adaptativa Del Género Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae) En El Archipiélago Canario
Departamento de Biología Animal Programa de Biología Animal I – Zoología Bienio 2002 - 2003 Estudio de proceso de colonización y radiación adaptativa del género Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae) en el archipiélago Canario Memoria presentada por Dimitar Stafanov Dimitrov Para optar por el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Barcelona, Mayo de 2005 El Director de la Tesis El Doctorando Dr. Carles Ribera Almerje Dimitar Stefanov Dimitrov Profesor Titular Universidad de Barcelona Agradecimientos Aunque la presente tesis doctoral lleva solo mi nombre mucha gente ha colaborado en el proceso de su elaboración aportando ideas, material, criticas, ánimos y un largo etcétera. En primer lugar quiero agradecer a mi director de tesis, Dr. Carles Ribera, la confianza que siempre ha depositado en mí al darme la oportunidad de trabajar en este proyecto y, sobre todo, por todo lo que me ha enseñado y por su contaminante entusiasmo que ha demostrado a lo largo de todos estos años que hemos trabajado juntos. Todos estos factores han sido cruciales para poder afrontar con éxito el doctorado. Gracias a sus charlas y discusiones he aprendido un sinfín de cosas sobre islas oceánicas, sistemática de arañas y métodos filogenéticos. A él tengo que agradecer el haberme formado como científico. Este trabajo habría sido imposible sin la ayuda y el continuo apoyo de Clara. Gracias por haberme aguantado y estado ahí incluso en los momentos más difíciles. Una gran parte de lo que sé sobre Canarias y muchos de los especimenes, entre ellos algunas de las especies nuevas, se las debo al Dr. Pedro Oromí y a la gente del Departamento de Biología en la Universidad de La Laguna. -
Pholcidae Koch, C.L., 1837
Pholcidae Koch, C.L., 1837 Crossopriza Simon, 1893 ? Crossopriza pristina (Simon, 1890) ESPAÑA.- Cádiz: Puerto de Santa María [?] (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1925) (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1926) (Pérez de San Román, F., 1947) Holocnemus Simon, 1875 Holocnemus acuminatus Franganillo, 1925 [nomen dubium] ESPAÑA.- Málaga: Málaga (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1925) (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1926) (Pérez de San Román, F., 1947) Holocnemus caudatus (Dufour, 1820) ESPAÑA.- (Reimoser, E., 1919) Sur de España (Simon, E., 1873b) (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910) Ávila: Blascomillán (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) El Tiemblo (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Cáceres: Convento de los Angeles (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Gata (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Marchagaz (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Granada: Albergue Universitario, Sierra Nevada (Denis, J., 1957a) Granada (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1925) (Franganillo Balboa, P., 1926) Peñones de San Francisco, Sierra Nevada (Denis, J., 1957a) Guadalajara: Guadalajara (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910) Madrid: Galapagar, castillo (Brignoli, P.M., 1971a) Robledo de Chavela (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910) San Martín de Valdeiglesias (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910) Murcia: Piera (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910) Pieza (Simon, E., 1866a) Salamanca: Béjar (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Salamanca (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Salamanca, La Flecha (Barrientos, J.A. & M.A. Ferrández, 1982) Sevilla: Sevilla (Calderón y Arana, S., 1888) (Fernández Galiano, E., 1910)