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Bioaniztasuna Eta Araknidoak = Biodiversidad Y Arácnidos

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Bioaniztasuna Eta Araknidoak = Biodiversidad Y Arácnidos «Bioaniztasuna eta araknidoak» / «Biodiversidad y arácnidos» / «Biodiversity and arachnids» 13 AURKIBIDEA/INDICE EUSKO JAURLARITZAREN AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DEL GOBIERNO VASCO ..................................................................................5 GIPUZKOAKO FORU ALDUNDIKO AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DE LA DIPUTACIÓN FORAL DE GIPUZKOA................................................7 ARANZADIKO LEHENDAKARIAREN AURKEZPENA / PRESENTACIÓN DEL PRESIDENTE DE ARANZADI............................................................9 SARRERA / INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................................................................10 SETTING UP AND RUNNING A SPIDER RECORDING SCHEME..............................................................................................................14 Anthony RUSSELL-SMITH & Peter HARVEY CREACIÓN Y USO CIENTÍFICO DE COLECCIONES DE ARÁCNIDOS .........................................................................................................24 Miguel VILLENA SÁNCHEZ-VALERO CATÁLOGO PRELIMINAR DE LAS ARAÑAS DEL PAÍS VASCO.................................................................................................................44 Alberto DE CASTRO AVANCES EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LOS ÁCAROS ORIBÁTIDOS COMO INDICADORES DE LAS CONDICIONES EDÁFICAS ..................................70 Juan Carlos ITURRONDOBEITIA; Ana Isabel CABALLERO & Julio ARROYO INTRODUCCIÓN A LA DIVERSIDAD DE LAS ARAÑAS IBEROBALEARES .....................................................................................................92 Eduardo MORANO CONSERVAR Y PROTEGER A LOS ARÁCNIDOS. ¿CUALES, CÓMO Y PORQUÉ?......................................................................................138 José Antonio BARRIENTOS MACROTHELE CALPEIANA ( WALCKENAER, 1805) SITUACIÓN ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS ......................................................................154 Miguel Ángel FERRÁNDEZ MESA REDONDA .........................................................................................................................................................................162 CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE BIODIVERSIDAD Y ARÁCNIDOS ........................................................................................................168 MUNIBE (Suplemento / Gehigarria) 21, 2004 S.C. Aranzadi. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián «Bioaniztasuna eta araknidoak» / «Biodiversidad y arácnidos» / «Biodiversity and arachnids» 5 AURKEZPENA PRESENTACIÓN Beste garai batzuetako hirigin- La Comunidad Autónoma del País tza-, industria-, nekazaritza- eta Vasco, como consecuencia de desarrollos basogintza-jarduera desordena- urbanísticos, industriales y agroforestales tuen ondorioz, Euskal Autonomia desordenados de épocas pasadas, ha Erkidegoko kultur ondareak kalte sufrido un deterioro considerable de su nabarmena hartu du, eskualde patrimonio natural, eliminando y disminu- gehienetan biodibertsitatea yendo la biodiversidad en gran parte de su murriztu edota ezabatu delarik. territorio. De tal forma que, actualmente, tan Hori dela eta, gaur egun natur sólo permanecen unos pequeños enclaves balio handiko kokaleku txiki batzuk de alto valor naturalístico que acogen a una baino ez dira gelditzen, eta hortxe interesante y rica porción de la diversidad aurkitu du aterpea jatorrizko biodi- biológica original. bertsitate biologikoaren zati inte- Desde el conocimiento de que la natu- resgarri eta oparo batek. raleza proporciona a la humanidad los Jakin badakigu bizirik irauteko recursos que necesita para su superviven- izan-beharreko baliabideez iza- cia y que la buena salud y el equilibrio de diak hornitzen gaituela, eta beraz, los sistemas naturales son fundamentales natur sistemei osasuntsu eta egoe- para sostener la vida y el funcionamiento de ra onean eustea ezinbestekoa dela la sociedad, recientemente se elabora en la gure gizartearen bizitza eta fun- Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco la tzionamendurako. Ildo horretatik jarraituz, orain dela gutxi Estrategia Ambiental Vasca de Desarrollo sostenible (2002- Garapen Iraunkorrerako Ingurugiro-Estrategia (2002- 2020). El texto mencionado alude a la abundancia y diversi- 2020) aurkeztu zuten Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan. dad de especies, espacios y paisajes como indicadores de Aipaturiko testuak hizpide ditu espezieen oparotasuna del bienestar de los espacios naturales, siendo preciso pre- eta dibertsitatea, naturguneak eta paisaiak (naturguneen servar el valor intrínseco de la biodiversidad de las amenazas ongitasunaren adierazle direnez gero); izan ere, behar- existentes. beharrezkoa baita biodibertsitatea gaur egungo arriskue- La protección de la naturaleza y de la biodiversidad (ade- tatik babestea, naturak berez dituen balioak ziurtatzeko. más de la potenciación de ésta última), es una de las metas Izadia eta biodibertsitatea babestea Estrategia horren de dicha Estrategia. Para el desarrollo de este objetivo, la helburuetako bat da (biodibertsitatea bultzatzearekin Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco busca consolidar la batera). Helburu hori lortzeko, Euskal Autonomia diversidad biológica y el uso sostenible de los sistemas natu- Erkidegoak natur sistemen biodibertsitate biologikoa eta rales. erabilera iraunkorra sendotu nahi ditu. El contenido del presente volumen entronca con gran Neurri handi batean, ale honen edukia bat dator parte de las metas y de los objetivos enumerados en la Garapen Iraunkorrerako Euskal Ingurugiro-Estrategian Estrategia Ambiental Vasca de Desarrollo Sostenible. Así, el zerrendatutako helburu eta xedeekin. Ornogabeen –eta presente texto recoge las contribuciones de especialistas con batez ere, araknidoen– fauna ikertu, inbentariatu, sailkatu, amplia experiencia en los campos del estudio, inventario, zientzi bildumetan jaso, kartografiatu, jarraipena egin, catalogado, creación de colecciones científicas, cartografia- kudeatu eta kontserbatzeko alorretan esperientzia zabala do, seguimiento, gestión y conservación de la fauna de inver- duten adituen ekarpenak jasotzen ditu testu honek. tebrados, con especial atención a los arácnidos. De tales Horrelako saiakeretatik ondorioztatzen denez, araknidoek ensayos se deduce que los arácnidos representan una ordezkatzen duten faunaren biodibertsitatea izugarri han- amplia proporción de la biodiversidad faunística, se distribu- dia da, habitat eta mikrohabitat kontinental mota guztietan yen en todo tipo de hábitat y microhábitat continentales, son zabalduta daude, datu koantifikagarriak lortzeko harrapa- fáciles de capturar con el fin de obtener datos cuantificables, tzen errazak dira, beraien identifikazioa ez da beste orno- su identificación resulta menos complicada que la de otros gabe megadibertso batzuena bezain zaila eta horiei muchos grupos megadiversos de invertebrados y su investi- buruzko ikerketak ez dira garestiegiak izaten. Guztiori gación también suele ser más económica. Todo ello les con- dela eta, biodibertsitate adierazleak izateko hautagairik fiere una candidatura privilegiada como indicadores de biodi- finenak ditugu, bai habitat naturaletan gizakiaren eragina versidad, ya sea para medir el impacto humano sobre los neurtzeko bai beraien dibertsitate biologikoan denborare- hábitat naturales o realizar seguimientos de la variación tem- kin gertatzen diren aldaketen jarraipena egiteko. poral de la diversidad biológica en los mismos. Horregatik, 2002-2006 Ingurugiro Programa Markoan Por ello, la investigación de la fauna de arácnidos supone jasotako konpromisoak aurrera ateratzeko orduan, arakni- una asistencia de reconocida utilidad a la hora de llevar a doen fauna ikertzeak onespen-zabaleko laguntza dakar cabo compromisos como los asumidos en el Programa Marco berekin: Ambiental 2002-2006: MUNIBE (Suplemento / Gehigarria) 21, 2004 S.C. Aranzadi. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián 6 «BIOANIZTASUNA ETA ARAKNIDOAK» / «BIODIVERSIDAD Y ARÁCNIDOS» / «BIODIVERSITY AND ARACHNIDS» -Ornogabeen Biodibertsitate Behatokiak garatzeko -Se expone metodología de gran importancia a la hora orduan eta biodibertsitate biologikoari buruzko datuak bil- de desarrollar Observatorios de la Biodiversidad para inver- tzeko orduan, garrantzi handiko metodologia da, beste tebrados y programas de recogida de datos sobre la diversi- herrialde edo erakunde batzuetan egindako esperientziak dad biológica. Ya que se aportan experiencias realizadas en mahai gainean jartzen dituelako: inbentarioak, katalogo- otros países o instituciones en cuanto a la elaboración de ak, kartografiatuak, zientzi bildumak eta datu-baseak. inventarios, catálogos, cartografiado, elaboración de colec- -Ornogabeen fauna inbentariatu eta sailkatzeko ildoe- ciones científicas y bases de datos. tako bati ekiten zaio, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko lehen -Se inicia una de las líneas de investigación para inven- armiarma-katalogoa abian jartzen duelako. tariar y catalogar la fauna de invertebrados, pues se elabora -Beste ikertzaile batzuen oinarrizko esperientziak el primer catálogo de arañas para la Comunidad Autónoma. jasotzen ditu, batez ere araknidoak biodibertsitatearen -Se incluyen experiencias de investigación básica y apli- adierazle modura erabiltzeari begira. cada sobre el empleo de los arácnidos como indicadores de -Penintsula-mailan nahiz erkidego-mailan jakintza biodiversidad. araknologikoak abiapuntutzat duen egoerari buruzko -Se realiza un diagnóstico de la situación de la que parte diagnostikoa egiten du, alderdi ahulak eta alderdi sendo- el conocimiento aracnológico tanto a nivel peninsular como
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