The Foreign Service Journal, February 1922 (American Consular Bulletin)
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AMERICAN A MOUNTAIN OF COCOA F. W. Coding, American Consul General at Guayaquil, Ecuador, Furnishes This Illustration of What a “Hill of Beans” Can Amount to in the Country Where Cocoa Comes From. THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION OFFICERS Charles C. Eberhardt President' Stuart J. Fuller Vice President Donald D. Shepard Secretary-Treasurer Tracy Lay Chairman Harry A. McBride Vice Chairman COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE Nathaniel B. Stewart Chairman DeWitt C. Poole Roger C. Tredwell Nelson T. Johnson Tracy Lay RECEPTION Roger C. Tredwell Chairman Frederick Simpich Edwin L. Neville Frank C. Lee BULLETIN STAFF DeWitt C. Poole Editor Frederick Simpich Editor Harry A. McBride Business Manager Hamilton C. Claiborne Treasurer The American Consular Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of the Consular Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Consular Service, to strengthen Service spirit, and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. IF LLETIN PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION VOL. IV. No. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY, 1922 Hengstler Glances Back How the Consular• Bureau Has Developed in the Twenty-four Tears Which Have Elapsed Since Its Present Chief “'Joined Up” C">!VIL SERVICE examinations for Govern- One of the first things T had to do was to learn ment positions were little known in southern the sign symbols of the various Department offices. JP Ohio in 1898 and considerable interest was Second Assistant Secretary Adee, who was even shown when I went to Cincinnati one spring day to then a veteran in the Service, had invented a sys¬ take one, but much greater interest was aroused tem of marks for the different offices based on the when, early in August, a telegram was received old tit-tat-to game. Each office had its special offering me a position as stenographer to the Chief position of the right angle or the bracket forma¬ of the Consular Bureau in the State Department. tion, by which it was known—the complete com¬ J ust what the Consular Bureau was was unknown bination forming the cryptic symbol of the criss¬ alike to me or any one whom 1 asked about it, hut cross game. the chance to see Washington was sufficient in¬ During the first week 1 was in the Consular ducement to accept. Bureau, Mr. Chilton handed me a consular list and Benjamin Franklin is said to have spent his asked me to count up the various offices of each first hours in Philadelphia walking the streets eat¬ grade. I did this carefully and was sure of the ing from a loaf of bread carried under his arm. accuracy of my report; hut when he asked if it My arrival in Washington was even more exciting, was correct, instead of saying “Yes,” as I could as the station was entirely surrounded by water properly have done, I carelessly answered, “1 about two feet deep, due, as 1 was informed, to a think so.” I have never forgotten his reply: “I cloudburst. With other passengers I mounted on do not want you to think—I want you to know.” the shoulders of a colored porter, who waded In those days the Bureau consisted of four through the water for about a block and deposited rooms and a personnel of two Consular Clerks me on dry land in Pennsylvania Avenue. (later called Consular Assistants) and six clerks, The next day, Friday, August 13th, the day on among them being Edward L. Whitehouse, who which the peace protocol with Spain was signed, only recently retired, and Miles M. Shand, now I hunted up the State Department, then headed Chief of the Bureau of Appointments. The en¬ by the present Justice William R. Day as Secre¬ tire staff of the Department, including the Secre¬ tary of State, took oath of office, and became stem tary of State, numbered 72, and there were in the ographer to Robert S. Chilton, the Chief of the Consular Service 37 Consuls General, 196 Consuls, Consular Bureau. Wilbur J. Carr was at that 9 Commercial Agents, who were salaried and pro¬ time Assistant Chief of the Bureau and occupied hibited from engaging in business, 13 Consuls a desk in the same room, so that the training re¬ with salaries of $1,0C0, who were permitted to en¬ ceived in my initial years in the Bureau was of gage in business, and 52 Consuls and 23 Com¬ the best and has been invaluable to me. mercial Agents who were compensated by fees 31 collected and allowed to engage in business, and 13 Shortly after the second examination, it was de¬ Consular Clerks. Salaries of Consuls General cided that the improvement of the Service re¬ ranged from $2,000 to $6,000 and of Consuls quired that consular officers have some instruc¬ from $1,000 to $5,000, but they were in addition tion in their work before proceeding abroad. permitted to retain the notarial fees collected. As a result the Bureau in 1907 held its first con¬ How Things Have Grown. sular “school,” which was attended by the seven The present, 1922, personnel of the Department new appointees, among whom were N. B. Stewart, is 501; and the career Consular Service consists Samuel T. Lee, Edward I. Nathan, Henry D. of 52 Consuls General, 311 Consuls, 125 Vice Baker, and J. Paul Jameson, who are all still in Consuls of career, 10 Consular Assistants, 8 In¬ the Service. Consul Augustus E. Ingram was in terpreters, and 11 Student Interpreters, or a total charge of this first class. of 517 career officers. The clerical staff brings The Consular Bureau in the War. the total personnel up to 2,698 at present. The story of the war period in the Consular The Consular Bureau now has a staff of 40, Bureau would be of absorbing interest were it and occupies nine rooms. For some time during possible to tell it, but, as many consular offices also the war the personnel rose to more than 100. found at that time, the rush of work was too When I entered the Bureau, a career Consular great to render possible the recording of other Service had not yet been established, but a begin¬ than general impressions. On the morning of ning had been made under the Executive order of August 3, 1914, the force of the Bureau arrived 1895, which required candidates for certain posts to find the corridors packed with persons who had to pass a non-competitive examination. When¬ relatives and friends in Europe with whom they ever a vacancy occurred in one of these places, the wanted to get in touch. From that day for nearly President selected a man for the place and sent a year the Bureau was not closed for a minute, him to the Bureau where he was given an exami¬ night or day. The force was increased to more nation. Some of the men now in the Service than 100, lunches and dinners were eaten a bite at entered under such an examination about this a time while seeing the visitors who for weeks time, among them being Messrs. Lowrie, Pickerell thronged the office, and included the Vice Presi¬ and Westacott. Mr. Shand conducted the ex¬ dent, Justices of the Supreme Court, Cabinet Offi¬ aminations and the report of the result was signed cers, Senators, Representatives, and most of offi¬ by the Third Assistant Secretary of State and the cial Washington, as well as thousands of private Chief of the Consular Bureau. individuals. The principal reorganization of the Consular In the first three days of this rush more than Service occurred in 1906 and the first competitive $300,000 in cash and certified checks in amounts examination for the Service was held March 14 from $10 to $3,000 or $4,000 was received and and 15, 1907. For this 23 candidates were desig¬ transmitted to Americans abroad. The card index nated and 18 appeared, of whom 10 received a of that period contains nearly 100,000 names of passing grade. Five of these men—Edward J. Americans for whose whereabouts and welfare Norton, Carl F. Deichman, Milton B. Kirk, Drew the Bureau made investigation. Linard and Lucien Memminger—are still in the Service. One of the successful candidates was Devotion of Staff to Duty. the unfortunate Arthur S. Cheney, who lost his No comment on the work of this period is com¬ life in the earthquake while Consul at Messina, plete without a word of praise for the hard work, Italy. At the next examination, July 11, 1907, the loyalty and absolute disregard of “office hours” of President designated 54 persons, of whom 38 ap¬ svery member of the Bureau staff, all of whom felt peared and 13 passed. that the needs of Americans abroad demanded It is interesting to compare these figures with every bit of strength and time that could be given that of the examination held June 27, 1921, when and one and all they worked regularly from twelve 217 men were designated, of whom 40 were non¬ to eighteen hours a day. career Vice Consuls and clerks in the Service who In the midst of this, the necessity for a new took the written examinations at their posts, their consular cipher became apparent and the Bureau oral examinations to be undergone later in Wash¬ prepared and issued the Gray Code, which re¬ ington. One hundred and twenty-eight of the 177 ceived the compliments of the Secretary of State.