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Tollefson, Terrence A. TITLE Community Colleges in the United States: Forty-Nine State Systems DOCUMENT RESUME ED 312 010 JC 890 519 AUTHOR Fountain, Ben E.; Tollefson, Terrence A. TITLE Community Colleges in the United States: Forty-Nine State Systems. INSTITUTION American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-87117-201-1 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 274p. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Association of Community and Junior Colleges Publications, 80 South Early Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 ($15.00; $11.25, members). PUB TYPE Viewpoints (120) -- Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS College Programs; *Community Colleges; *Educational Finance; Educational History; *Enrollment Trends; *Governance; National Surveys; State Boards of Education; Two Year Colleges ABSTRACT Drawing from a national survey of state directors of two-year college education, this book provides a state-by-state overview of information on the history, governance, finances, programs, and enrollments of the community college systems in 49 states. While the descriptions vary in length and detail, most contain information on:(1) mission and goals;(2) major historical periods;(3) state governance structure;(4) funding sources and formulas;(5) trends in enrollments and full-time equivalencies; (6) program approval process, types of programs, and degree requirements; (7) contact people; and (8) bibliographic references. (AYC) ** ******************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** -r7 BEST COPY AVAILABLE COLLEGES UNITED: STATES: =NINE STATE SYSTEMS en E. Fountain and Terrence A. Tollefson , TcA.merican Asio 4ation of Community and Junior Coll One Dupont Circle, NM., Suite 410 '.:yyitshiligiOn,.D.C. 20036 Phone: (202)2'934050 FAX: (202) 833-2467 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement MATERIALINMICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BY CENTER IERIC) -,. This document has been reproduced as J. Gollattscheck ,-eived from the person or organization originating it E) Minor changes liaye been made to improve remoduct,on quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL Points of view or opinions stated in this docu RESOURCES 74 ment do not necessarily represent official INFORMATION CENTER(ERIC)." OERI position or policy COMMUNITY COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES: FORTY-NINE STATE SYSTEMS / Ben E. Fountain and Terrence A. Tollefson of The Department of Adult and Community College Education North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 11. and Associates in Thirty-One States ,.. 0All rights reserved by the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, One Dupont Circle, N W , Suite 410, Washington, D.C. 20036 No part of this Look can be reproduced in any form without written permission from AACJC and its representatives Pnntcd in the U.S.A. 1989 IBSN 0-87117-201-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface vi Introduction viii Louis W. Bender Alabama 1 Charles L. Payne Alaska 7 Ben E. Fountain Arizona 8 Ben E. Fountain Arkansas 11 Tom Spencer California 14 Leland W. Myers Colorado 26 Carol R. Van Lew Connecticut 32 Terrence A Tollefson Delaware 37 John R. Kotula Florida 44 Ben E. Fountain Georgia 47 Terrence A. Tollefson Hawaii 50 Joyce Tsunoda Idaho ( Community Colleges) 54 Terrence A. Tollefson Idaho (Postsecondary Vocational-Technical Education) 57 William Ullery Illinois 61 David R. Pierce PAGE Indiana 68 Terrence A. Tollefson Iowa 70 Charles Moench Kansas 85 Terrence A. Tollefson Kentucky 86 Ben E. Fountain Louisiana 90 Ben E. Fountain Maine 91 L. Steve Thornburg Maryland 95 Ben E. Fountain Massachusetts 100 Tossie E. Taylor Michigan 106 James Folkening, Minnesota 109 Gerald G. Christenson Mississippi 115 George V. Moody Missouri 123 Shaila R. Aery Montana 130 Terrence A. Tollefson Nebraska 131 Ben E. Fountain Nevada 132 Terrence A. Tollefson New Hampshire 133 Elizabeth J. Noyes New Jersey 140 Narcisa A. Polonio ii b PAGE New Mexico 147 Terrence A. To nelson New York 148 Thomas S. Kubola North Carolina 153 Robert W. Scott North Dakota 166 Ben E. Fountain Ohio 167 Theresa A. Powell Oklahoma 172 Dan S. Hobbs Oregon 185 Ben E. Fountain Pennsylvania 189 Jerome Kern Rhode Island 194 Edward J. Liston South Carolina 204 James R. Morris. Jr. South Dakota No Community Colleges Tennessee 216 Ben E. Fountain Texas 218 Dale F. Campbell Utah 226 Terrence A. Tollefson Vermont 227 Kenneth G. Kalb Virginia 230 Don Puyear Washington 237 John N. Terrey West Virginia 242 M. Douglas Call PAGE Wisconsin 245 Robert P. Sorenson Wyoming 255 James R. Randolph Sources of Information 258 List of states submitting prepareddescriptions 258 List of states submitting information 259 List of non-responding states, with explanatory note 260 iv To our wives, Bonnie Tollefsor and Norma Fountain, with love and appreciation. v PREFACE This book was motivated by our experience as state directors of community colleges in North Carolina, New Jersey, and Colorado. In addition, we were involved in other capacities in state-level coordination of public two-year community, junior, and technical colleges for many years. We were members of the National Council of State Directors of Community and Junior Colleges and served on its board of directors. In those capacities, we often needed information about govern ance, finance, and other community college system concerns in other states to respond to questions posed by board members, governors, state legislators, and private citizens. Such information often was not readily available in published form and could not be obtained through original research on a timely basis. In recent years, we unGertook a project to fulfill the need for one central source of information about state-level boards and departmental organizations for community college systems. The resulting book is designed to provide some of the types of information most commonly sought by persons interested in state-level community college matters, and to provide a baseline for future studies and comparisons. The effort was designated as the National State Community College Systems Information Project. In October of 1986 at a meeting of the National Council of State Directors of Community and Junior Colleges in San Diego, California, the project was described and the members of the council agreed to participate. An information request format was prepared and mailed to each state agency for community colleges or to the chief state agency for higher education. Follow-up mailings, telephone calls, and personal solicitations were made for the requested infomiation. Interim project reports were made at the National Council's meetings in Dallas, Texas, in April, 1987; Newport, Rhode Island, in July, 1987; Las Vegas, Nevada, in April, 1988; and Louisville, Kentucky, in October, 1988. Responses were received from 41 states. The response from South Dakota, while gratefully acknowledged, was not used in this edition because that state currently does not have any community colleges. The state systems of community colleges change continuously. The information reported and the position titles of the writers shown are of the time submitted. We wish to thank the National Council of State Directors of Community and Junior Colleges and its individual members and others from the responding states for their cooperation in assembling, organizing and interpreting voluminous documents to enable us to present basic comparative information in a coherent format for ease of reference. An early draft was sent to the respondents to ensure accuracy. We have edited the responses received to increase consistency in format and length. We also wish to thank Bonita Apperson, Alex Beddingfield and Dixie Bennett for their efforts in typing, editing, and assembling the text. The support of Edgar J. Boone, head, and Ronald W. Shearon, ass:,sziate head, and other colleagues on the faculty and staff of the Department of Adult and Community College Education is gratefully acknowledged. The encouragement and editorial assistance of James C. Palmer, vice president for communication, and Susan C. Reneau, marketing and publications coordinator, American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, was invaluable. This is a first effort to compile and present such .nformation since Junior Colleges. 50 States /50 Years, edited by Roger Yarrington,NV'1Spublished in 1969 by the American Association of Junior Colleges. Submissions from non-responding states will be actively sought and welcomed col future editions. We invite suggestions from directors of state community college systems, other t,ommunity college practitioners, and scholars in the field to improve our next edition. Ben E. Fountain Terrence A. Tollefson North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina June, 1989 vu INTRODUCTION Community Colleges in the United States. Forty-Nine State Systems Sociologists and anthropologists have long held that society requires its social institutions to meet the requirements and needs of society throughout evolution. When existent social institutions either cannot or will not respond to those needs, society will create a new institution that will. The social institution we call the community college has evolved from grassroots demands of local publics. The sponsorship varied, depending upon the state, from school districts and other local taxing entities to state sponsorship and even university system sponsorship in a
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