Wikipedia overdrive The Pentium OverDrive was a microprocessor marketing brand name used by Intel , to cover a variety of consumer upgrade products sold in the mids. It was originally released for motherboards, and later some Pentium sockets. Intel dropped the brand, as it failed to appeal to corporate buyers, and discouraged new system sales. The Pentium OverDrive is a heavily modified, 3. It is fitted with a compatible bus unit though with an increased pin-count , an integrated heatsink and fan, and 32 kB of level 1 cache , double the 16 kB offered on regular P54C chips. It was also equipped with an integrated 3. The processor's heatsink is permanently attached, and the removable fan module is powered via spring-like metal prongs that connect to a trio of conductors on the surface of the chip. The clip that releases the fan is visible in the first photo, at the top left corner of the CPU. The central plastic "column" that leads from the center of the fan houses the fan wiring and leads down the side of the heatsink at this corner. The small plastic points at each top left of this column are the locking mechanism for the fan and are released by squeezing them. The opposite corner of the CPU has a latch that locks the fan around underneath the heatsink, by swinging into place upon assembly. The processor monitors the fan and will throttle back on clock speed to prevent overheating and damage if the fan is not operating. This is a predecessor to the internal temperature detection and protection in Intel's modern processors. During development, Intel had changed the design specification, causing various compatibility and performance problems with some boards that were previously fully compatible. For instance, the Packard Bell motherboard required a specially-designed interposer to be installed between the processor and the motherboard to cope with the changed specification, with the unfortunate consequence of precluding access to the motherboard's level 2 cache, resulting in sub-par performance. However, the majority of Socket 3 motherboards, particularly later post VLB and most PCI boards, provide proper support for the Pentium OverDrive including fully operational access to the level 2 cache, and many earlier boards also support the processor with varying levels of compatibility and performance. In addition, it fully supported programs and operating systems specifically coded for the Pentium architecture, such as many emulators, multimedia utilities and even later Windows operating systems and games; however, the benefit of running such programs on a clock- and motherboard bus-constrained system may be questionable. Some CPUs came with the pin chopped off Pin A4 and others had the pin completely missing and covered with the encapsulation. The is an oddity, because Intel never made a Pentium as a stand-alone processor. This upgrade could be used in single and dual processor Socket 8 systems, or in two sockets of quad processor Socket 8 systems with CPU 3 and 4 removed. The later " Dixon " mobile Pentium II core would emulate this combination with its kB of full-speed cache. After the upgrade the system was once again the world's fastest on the TOP From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. System upgrades: Intel plans OverDrive for Pentium systems. Infoworld, September 11, , Vol. Intel processors. Categories : Intel microprocessors Intel x86 microprocessors Computer hardware tuning Coprocessors. Hidden categories: Webarchive template webcite links. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Discontinued BCD oriented 4-bit Principal photography began on 4 January in Paris and Marseille , France. The film tells the story of Andrew and Garret Foster, young brothers who are skilled car thieves and have expertise in luxury cars. They both are sent to steal a Bugatti car in Southern France, but they get caught by the car's owner; a ruthless local crime lord. In exchange for their lives and an apology for attempting to steal his car, the crime lord forces the brothers into stealing a luxury Ferrari car from the crime lord's arch-rival. Half-brothers Andrew and Garret Foster operate as international car thieves, targeting high-end of the market vehicles. They steal a rare Bugatti in transit after it is purchased at auction in France, unaware that the car was bought by Marseille crime boss Jacomo Morier. Morier's men capture them when they try to sell the car and take them to Morier's house, where he shows them his garage full of cars. Morier agrees but sets the condition that the theft must be carried out within one week. The brothers hurriedly recruit a team in Marseille to carry out the job, including Andrew's girlfriend Stephanie and her pickpocket friend Devin. Andrew tells Garret that this will be his last job. They also have to cope with Morier's cousin Laurent keeping watch on their operation, as well as a pair of Interpol agents. Garret, who had recently been conned by a woman who pretended to fall in love with him, begins a relationship with Devin. For insurance, Morier's men kidnap Stephanie in the Marseille marketplace. Andrew and Garret arrive in their flat and Devin tells them Stephanie has been taken. They head to Morier's house to find Stephanie bound and gagged under a spinning car wheel, which Laurent threatens to lower onto her face. Andrew and Garret promise to finish the job in order to save Stephanie. When the day of the robbery comes, the brothers put their plan into effect. Stephanie, locked in a room in Morier's house, attempts to seduce Laurent and fails, although she manages to steal his key to the door and escapes. She sets off the house alarms and leaves with a rifle to meet Andrew, Garret and their team at the door. Morier realises that the events that led up to this point have been part of an elaborate diversion to allow them to steal his own car collection. Morier only understands what is happening as the gang are making their escape and he chases them to the docks. During the pursuit, Andrew proposes to Stephanie and she agrees to marry him. In a final confrontation, Morier is killed when his car is rammed into the water by a large motor coach driven by Devin. Devin leaves, promising to call Garret. Andrew and Garret give all of Morier's cars to Klemp, revealing that this had been the plan all along, and that they had partnered with Klemp to get back at Morier. In a further plot twist, the two Interpol agents were also partnered with Klemp. But as Devin leaves, she has in her hand the code to the garage where Klemp keeps his prized Ferrari. Garret, Stephanie and Andrew are later seen together in Paris. Garrett thinks he has been stood up again when Devin shows up in Klemp's Ferrari and gives the keys to Andrew. When Andrew then gives the car to Garret, Garret thinks this means Andrew is leaving the business. However, Stephanie mentions that there is a very rare car in Barcelona, one out of only nine in the world, and the three are tempted to steal it. Andrew decides to join them and the re-established team begins to make plans. On 12 May it was announced that Pierre Morel would produce the action thriller film Overdrive , Antonio Negret would direct the film based on the script by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas , who would also produce the film. Sentient Pictures would produce the film. Principal photography on the film began on 4 January in Paris and Marseille , France. Overdrive was released theatrically in the United Kingdom before it premiered in France and received a staggered European and Asian release before being theatrically released in the United States. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Overdrive Theatrical release poster. Release date. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 31, Fernandez, Jay October 25, July 17, SSN Insider. January 8, Archived from the original on January 9, Retrieved January 9, Retrieved 22 December Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 3, Categories : films action thriller films s heist films French heist films s chase films French action thriller films Films about automobiles French films Films shot in Paris English-language French films. Hidden categories: Template film date with 2 release dates. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Theatrical release poster. OverDrive, Inc. The company provides secure management, digital rights management , and download fulfillment services for publishers, libraries, schools, corporations and retailers. OverDrive was founded in [1] and initially converted analog media to digital formats , such as interactive diskettes and CD-ROMs. In , the company opened Content Reserve , an online ebook and downloadable audiobook repository from which its distribution business would develop [ when? In , the company announced a series of service upgrades, including: OverDrive Read, a browser-based ereader, streaming audiobooks, which enable access to audiobooks via the OverDrive Media Console apps [ when? OverDrive launched its Digital Library Reserve, a digital download platform for public libraries, in In March , the company announced plans to provide MP3 audiobooks to public libraries as well as retailers. Before entering the library market, OverDrive distributed eBooks to a number of e-tailers. OverDrive has entered into partnerships with technology companies including Adobe Systems , Microsoft , Mobipocket , and Nokia. OverDrive's download services include several software as a service products for libraries, retailers, schools, publishers and the military, as well as web-based products for content protection and management. These include:. OverDrive holds a biennial user group meeting called Digipalooza to train and educate librarians on the download service. Held in Cleveland, Ohio , the event focuses on trends, best practices, and outreach ideas for public library download websites. Inside the tractor-trailer , learning stations guide patrons through all aspects of their public library's download service. As of August , OverDrive has hosted more than Digital Bookmobile events at libraries and community centers throughout North America. In his "Crystal Ball Report", during the final session of OverDrive's July Digipalooza conference, he hinted at the month of release. On September 18, , OverDrive debuted International "Read an Ebook" Day, "an annual holiday to celebrate and raise awareness for reading on digital devices". OverDrive is criticized for relying on digital rights management DRM protection technology from Microsoft for the bulk of its audiobooks. In March , OverDrive announced that it would distribute a collection of approximately 3, audiobooks in the MP3 format, which is more widely compatible. In January , OverDrive informed Fictionwise that it would no longer be providing downloads for purchasers of e-books through Fictionwise as of January 31, ; no reason was provided to Fictionwise as to why it was being shut down. This prevents previous purchasers from being able to renew their books on new devices. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. American digital distributor of eBooks, audiobooks, music, and video titles. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. January Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links , and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. Cleveland , Ohio. Retrieved 11 July Retrieved 18 November Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved Publishers Weekly. The Digital Reader. Good e-Reader. Retrieved September 18, June 23, Retrieved July 13, Archived from the original on May 17, Retrieved 25 July Retrieved August 30, Archived from the original on September 25, Archived from the original on September 27, Retrieved January 8, E-book digital distribution platforms. Archive of Our Own FanFiction. Sony Reader Oyster Pronoun. Music digital distribution platforms. Digital library Digital music store Music download. FM Qobuz Radio. Music Unlimited Zune Marketplace. Online video and sharing platforms. Digital library Streaming media Video on demand. Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. Jerome Kohlberg Jr. Henry Kravis George R. Categories : Retail companies of the United States Software companies based in Ohio Companies based in Cleveland American companies established in Commercial digital libraries establishments in Ohio Library resources Book selling websites E-book suppliers E-book sources American digital libraries Mass media companies of the United States Software companies of the United States Software companies established in Retail companies established in mergers and acquisitions Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies. Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from January Articles with a promotional tone from January All articles with a promotional tone Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with vague or ambiguous time Vague or ambiguous time from February All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from February All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February Articles with unsourced statements from December Articles with unsourced statements from September Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Cleveland , Ohio , United States. KKR —present. Overdrive is the operation of an automobile cruising at sustained speed with reduced engine revolutions per minute RPM , leading to better fuel consumption, lower noise, and lower wear. The most fundamental meaning is that of an overall gear ratio between engine and wheels, such that the car is over-geared , and cannot reach its potential top speed, i. The purpose of such a gear may not be immediately obvious. The power produced by an engine increases with the engine's RPM to a maximum, then falls away. The point of maximum power is somewhat lower than the absolute maximum RPM to which the engine is limited, the " redline " RPM. A car's speed is limited by the power required to drive it against air resistance, which increases with speed. At the maximum possible speed, the engine is running at its point of maximum power, or power peak , and the car is traveling at the speed where air resistance equals that maximum power. There is therefore one specific gear ratio at which the car can achieve its maximum speed: the one that matches that engine speed with that travel speed. Therefore, a car needs one gearing to reach maximum speed but another to reach maximum fuel efficiency at a lower speed. With the early development of cars and the almost universal rear-wheel drive layout, the final drive i. The gearbox was designed so that, for efficiency, the fastest ratio would be a "direct-drive" or "straight-through" ratio, avoiding frictional losses in the gears. Achieving an overdriven ratio for cruising thus required a gearbox ratio even higher than this, i. The propeller shaft linking gearbox and rear axle is thus overdriven, and a transmission capable of doing this became termed an "overdrive" transmission. The device for achieving an overdrive transmission was usually a small separate gearbox, attached to the rear of the main gearbox and controlled by its own shift lever. As popular cars became faster relative to legal limits and fuel costs became more important, particularly after the oil crisis , the use of five-speed gearboxes became more common in mass-market cars. These had a direct fourth gear with an overdrive fifth gear, replacing the need for the separate overdrive gearbox. With the popularity of front wheel drive cars, the separate gearbox and final drive have merged into a single transaxle. There is no longer a propeller shaft and so one meaning of "overdrive" can no longer be applied. However the fundamental meaning, that of an overall ratio higher than the ratio for maximum speed, still applies. The power needed to propel a car at any given set of conditions and speed is straightforward to calculate, based primarily on the total weight and the vehicle's speed. These produce two primary forces slowing the car: rolling resistance and air drag. The former varies roughly with the speed of the vehicle, while the latter varies with the square of the speed. Calculating these from first principles is generally difficult due to a variety of real-world factors, so this is often measured directly in wind tunnels and similar systems. This is known as the point of maximum power. Given a curve describing the overall drag on the vehicle, it is simple to find the speed at which the total drag forces are the same as the maximum power of the engine. This defines the maximum speed the vehicle is able to reach. The rotational speed of the wheels for that given forward speed is simple to calculate, being the tire circumference multiplied by the RPM. At even slightly lower speeds than maximum, the total drag on the vehicle is considerably less, and the engine needs to deliver this greatly reduced amount of power. Clearly this condition calls for a different gear ratio. If one is not supplied, the engine is forced to run at a higher RPM than optimal. As the engine requires more power to overcome internal friction at higher RPM, this means more fuel is used simply to keep the engine running at this speed. Every cycle of the engine leads to wear, so keeping the engine at higher RPM is also unfavorable for engine life. If one runs the same RPM transmission exercise outlined above for maximum speed, but instead sets the "maximum speed" to that of highway cruising, the output is a higher gear ratio that provides ideal fuel mileage. In an era when cars were not able to travel very fast, the maximum power point might be near enough to the desired speed that additional gears were not needed. But as more powerful cars appeared, especially during the s, this disparity between the maximum power point and desired speed grew considerably. This meant that cars were often operating far from their most efficient point. As the desire for better fuel economy grew, especially after the oil crisis , the need for a "cruising gear" became more pressing. The obvious solution to this problem would be to add more gears to the transmission. Indeed, in modern vehicles this is common. However, due to historical particularities, this was not always practical. In the conventional rear-wheel drive layout , the transmission system normally contained two sections, the "gearbox" or "transmission" mounted behind the engine, and the "final drive" mounted in the rear axle at the rear of the car. The reason for this separation of duties between the front and back of the car was to allow the drive shaft to run at lower torque, by using higher RPM. As power is the product of RPM and torque , running the shaft at higher RPM allowed more power to be transferred at lower torque. Doing so reduced the torque the driveshaft had to carry, and thus the strength and weight it required. Although the designer was theoretically free to choose any ratio for the gearbox and final drive, there is one additional consideration which meant that the top gear of most gearboxes was or "direct drive". This is chosen for efficiency, as it does not require any gears to transmit power and so reduces the power lost by them. This was particularly important in the early days of cars, as their straight-cut gears were poorly finished, noisy and inefficient. The final drive then took this output and adjusted it in a fixed-ratio transmission arrangement that was much simpler to build. Final drive ratios of were common, [c] meaning that the wheels would turn at one fourth the rate they would if directly connected to the engine. In an era when different models of car with different wheel sizes could be accommodated by simply changing the final drive ratio, it made sense for all transmissions to use direct drive as the highest gear. As noted earlier, however, this would cause the engine to operate at too high an RPM for efficient cruising. Although adding the cruising gear to the main gearbox was possible, it was generally simpler to add a separate two-gear overdrive system to the existing gearbox. This not only meant that it could be tuned for different vehicles, but had the additional advantage that it could be offered as an easily installed option. With the use of front-wheel drive layouts, the gearbox and final drive are combined into a single transaxle. There is no longer a drive shaft between them and so the notion of "direct drive" isn't applicable. Although "overdrive" is still referred to, this is now mostly a marketing term to refer to any extra-high ratio for efficient cruising, whether it is achieved through the gearbox ratios, or by an unusually high final drive. Generally speaking, overdrive is the highest gear in the transmission. Overdrive allows the engine to operate at a lower RPM for a given road speed. This allows the vehicle to achieve better fuel efficiency, and often quieter operation on the highway. When it is off, the automatic transmission shifting is limited to the lower gears. The automatic transmission automatically shifts from OD to direct drive when more load is present. When less load is present, it shifts back to OD. Under certain conditions, for example driving uphill, or towing a trailer, the transmission may "hunt" between OD and the next highest gear, shifting back and forth. In this case, switching it off can help the transmission to "decide". It may also be advantageous to switch it off if engine braking is desired, for example when driving downhill. The vehicle's owner's manual will often contain information and suitable procedures regarding such situations, for each given vehicle. Virtually all vehicles cars and trucks have overdrive today whether manual transmission or automatic. In the automotive aftermarket you can also retrofit overdrive to existing early transmissions. Overdrive was widely used in European automobiles with manual transmission in the 60s and 70s to improve mileage and sport driving as a bolt-on option but it became increasingly more common for later transmissions to have this gear built in. If a vehicle is equipped with a bolt-on overdrive e. In this case gear changing is still possible in all gears, even with overdrive disconnected. Overdrive simply adds effective ranges to the gears, thus overdrive third and fourth become in effect "third-and-a-half" and a fifth gear. In practice this gives the driver more ratios which are closer together providing greater flexibility particularly in performance cars. An overdrive consists of an electrically or hydraulically operated epicyclic gear train bolted behind the transmission unit. Thus the output shaft may be "overdriven" relative to the input shaft. In older vehicles, it is sometimes actuated by a knob or button, often incorporated into the gearshift knob, and does not require operation of the clutch. Newer vehicles have electronic overdrive in which the computer automatically adjusts to the conditions of power need and load. The system devised by de Normanville was adopted and manufactured by Laycock after his chance meeting with a Laycock Products Engineer. Another British company, the former aircraft builder Fairey , built a successful all-mechanical unit for the Land Rover , which is still in production in America today. The first production vehicle to feature the Laycock system was the Standard Vanguard Saloon. The first unit to be created was the A-type overdrive, which was fitted to many sports cars during the s, and into the late s. In , the Laycock Engineering Company introduced the D-type overdrive, which was fitted to a variety of motor cars including Volvo and s , Sunbeam Alpines and Rapiers , Triumph Spitfires , and also — MGBs those with 3-synchro transmissions. The P-type overdrive marked the last updates and included both a Gear Vendors U. The Volvo version kept the same package size as the J-type but with the updated 18 element freewheel and stronger splines through the planet carrier. The Gear Vendors U. Over a period of 40 years, Laycock Engineering manufactured over three and a half million overdrive Units, and over one million of these were fitted to Volvo motorcars. In the U. The system features an oil pressure operated device attached to the back of the standard gearbox operating on the gearbox output shaft. For instance, the overdrive system applied to a Triumph TR5 operates on 2nd, 3rd and top gear. When engaged, the overdrive would drop the revs from by RPM, or from the drop would be RPM to net. In the days before automatic transmissions were common, especially in the s, many rear-wheel drive American cars were available with an overdrive option. With substantial improvements developed in Muncie, Indiana , by William B. Barnes for production by its Warner Gear Division, BorgWarner provided the box that was factory-installed between the transmission and a foreshortened driveshaft. Since the overdrive function, if enabled, could be shifted by simply easing up on the accelerator without depressing the clutch pedal , the action was much like a semi-automatic. Also, an electrically operated solenoid would deactivate the unit via a switch under the accelerator pedal providing the equivalent of the kickdown of the automatic. A knob connected to a bowden cable , similar to some emergency brake applications, was also provided to lock out the unit mechanically. Using overdrive with the main 3-speed transmission in 2nd gear was similar in ratio to 3rd gear, and with the main transmission in 3rd, the overall ratio was fractional i. This was important in reducing wear, tear, noise, and difficulty in control. Such add-on overdrive boxes were available from the s to the s for cars and light trucks. Today, most petrol and diesel cars and trucks come with an overdrive transmission because of the benefit to fuel economy. When using overdrive gearing, the car's engine speed drops, reducing wear and normally saving fuel. Since U. One should refer to the car's owner's manual for the proper speed to run at overdrive. All engines have a range of peak efficiency and it is possible for the use of overdrive to keep the engine out of this range for all or part of the time of its use if used at inappropriate speeds, thus cutting into any fuel savings from the lower engine speed. Overall drivetrain reduction comes down to three basic factors: transmission gearing including overdrive , differential gearing in the axle , and tire size. The rotation speed problem comes into effect when the differential gearing is a high ratio and an overdrive is used to compensate. This may create unpleasant vibrations at high speeds and possible destruction of the driveshaft due to the centripetal forces or uneven balance. The driveshaft is usually a hollow metal tube that requires balancing to reduce vibration and contains no internal bracing. The higher speeds on the driveshaft and related parts can cause heat and wear problems if an overdrive and high differential gearing or even very small tires are combined, and create unnecessary friction. This is especially important because the differential gears are bathed in heavy oil and seldom provided with any cooling besides air blowing over the housing. The impetus is to minimize overdrive use and provide a higher ratio first gear, which means more gears between the first and the last to keep the engine at its most efficient speed. This is part of the reason that modern automobiles tend to have larger numbers of gears in their transmissions. It is also why more than one overdrive gear is seldom seen in a vehicle except in special circumstances i. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Operation of an automobile cruising at sustained speed with reduced engine revolutions. For other uses, see Overdrive. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. At mph, or inches per second, the wheel will be turning A transmission with a gear ratio of would be appropriate in this case. American cars with large-slow-revving engines would use higher ratios, European compact cars with small high-revving engines were lower. Often the final drive ratio varied between models within a range, a "sports" model having a lower ratio. In Ian Ward ed. Anatomy of the Motor Car. Retrieved 17 September Categories : Automotive transmission technologies. Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from May All articles needing additional references Use dmy dates from May All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from March Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Overdrives. Maximum Overdrive is a American comedy horror film written and directed by Stephen King. The screenplay was inspired by and loosely based on King's short story " Trucks ", which was included in the author's first collection of short stories, Night Shift. Maximum Overdrive is King's only directorial effort, though dozens of films have been based on his novels or short stories. The film contained black humor elements and a generally campy tone, which contrasts with King's sombre subject matter in books. He considered the process a learning experience, [7] after which he intended never to direct again. As the Earth crosses the tail of a comet, previously inanimate machines suddenly spring to life ; an ATM insults a customer King in a cameo and a bascule bridge rises during heavy traffic, causing all vehicles upon the bridge to fall into the river or collide. Chaos sets in as machines of all kinds begin attacking humans. Waitress Wanda June is injured by an electric knife, and arcade machines in the back room electrocute a customer. Cook [ clarification needed ] and paroled ex-convict Bill Robinson begins to suspect something is wrong. Meanwhile, at a Little League game, a vending machine kills the coach by firing canned soda point-blank at him. A driverless roller compactor flattens one of the fleeing children, but Deke Duncan's son manages to escape on his bike. A newly-wed couple, Connie and Curt, stop at a gas station, where a brown tow truck tries to kill Curt, but he and Connie escape in their car. Deke rides through his town as humans and even pets are brutally killed by lawnmowers, chainsaws, electric hair dryers , pocket radios , RC cars and an ice cream truck. At the Dixie Boy, a black Western Star sporting a giant Green Goblin mask on its grille runs over bible salesman Camp Loman after a red garbage truck kills Duncan. Later, several big rig trucks encircle the truck stop. Meanwhile, Connie and Curt are pursued by a truck, but they make it crash off the side of the road as it explodes. They arrive at the truck stop and try to pass between the trucks, but their car is hit and overturns. Bill and Brett Graham, a hitchhiker, rush to help them, but the trucks attack them. The owner Bubba Hendershot uses M72 LAW rockets he had stored in a bunker hidden under the diner to destroy many of the trucks. Deke makes it to the truck stop later that evening and tries to enter via the sewers, but is obstructed by the wire mesh covering the opening. That night, the survivors hear Loman screaming in a ditch, and Bill and Curt sneak out to help him by climbing through the sewers. Deke finds Loman and believes he is dead, but he suddenly jumps up and attacks Deke. Bill and Curt rescue Deke, and a truck chases them back into the pipe. The angered owner uses the rocket launcher to blow up the bulldozer. The Mule fires its post-mounted M60 machine gun into the building, killing several people including Hendershot and Wanda June. The Mule then demands, via sending morse code signals through its horn that Deke deciphers, that the humans pump the trucks' diesel for them in exchange for their lives. The survivors soon realize they have become enslaved by their own machines. Bill suggests they escape to a local island just off the coast, on which no motorized vehicles are permitted. While the crew is resting, Bill theorizes that the comet is actually a "broom" operated by interstellar aliens that are using our machines to destroy humanity so the aliens can repopulate the Earth. During a fueling operation, Bill sneaks a grenade onto the Mule vehicle, destroying it, then leads the party out of the diner via a sewer hatch to the main road just as the trucks demolish the entire truck stop. The survivors are pursued to the docks by the Green Goblin truck, which manages to kill trucker Brad when he falls behind. Bill destroys the truck with a direct hit from an M72 LAW rocket shot. The survivors then sail off to safety. A title card epilogue explains that two days later, a UFO was destroyed by a Soviet "weather satellite" conveniently equipped with class IV nuclear missiles and a laser cannon. Six days later, the Earth passes out of the comet's tail, and the survivors are still alive. The film was the first to be made by Embassy Pictures after it had been bought by Dino de Laurentiis. Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that "by making the machines' malevolence so all-encompassing — so amoral — Mr. King loses the fillip of retribution in better horror films. For the most part, he has taken a promising notion — our dependence on our machines — and turned it into one long car-crunch movie, wheezing from setups to crackups. Unfortunately, master manipulator Stephen King, making his directorial debut from his own script, fails to create a convincing enough environment to make the kind of nonsense he's offering here believable or fun. Worse still, the movie never really builds up any momentum or jars us with unexpected jolts of horror. John Clute and Peter Nicholls [19] have offered a modest reappraisal of Maximum Overdrive , admitting the film's many flaws, but arguing that several scenes display enough visual panache to suggest that King was not entirely without talent as a director. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the song, see Maximum Overdrive song. Theatrical release poster. Release date. Running time. Film portal United States portal. Recorded Releasing. British Board of Film Classification. September 3, Retrieved July 24, November 16, Los Angeles Times. Box Office Mojo. July 5, Retrieved September 27, Hollywood's Stephen King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved September 9, Associated Press. Retrieved January 22, Retrieved December 7, The New York Times. December 31, Part VI, p. Chicago Tribune. Section 5, p. The Washington Post. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 27, Retrieved April 5, Archived from the original on December 20, Retrieved May 27, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, Trucking industry in the United States. Glossary of the American trucking industry. Black Dog Breakdown Breaker! Convoy Duel F. The Rolling Memorial Citizens band radio. Note: Defunct companies are shown in italics. Stephen King. Bibliography Short fiction Unpublished and uncollected Awards and nominations. Heroes for Hope American Vampire Book Category. Adaptations of works by Stephen King. Creepshow Creepshow 2 Creepshow 3 Firestarter Rekindled Maximum Overdrive Trucks Misery Julie Ganapathi The Mangler The Mangler 2 Reborn The Lawnmower Man Beyond Cyberspace It It Chapter Two The Shining Doctor Sleep It Woh Again Sometimes They Come Back The Stand The Stand — Mercedes — Castle Rock — Creepshow —present. Carrie musical Scarrie! Salem's Lot Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Martha Schumacher. De Laurentiis Entertainment Group. Film Black Dog Breakdown Breaker! The original lineup consisted of Randy Bachman lead guitar, lead vocals , Fred Turner bass guitar, lead vocals , Tim Bachman guitar, vocals and Robbie Bachman drums. This lineup released two albums in The second and most commercially successful lineup featured Blair Thornton lead guitar , in place of Tim Bachman. This lineup released four albums between and , including two that reached the Top 5 in the U. Subsequent lineups enjoyed only moderate success. After the band went into a hiatus in , Randy Bachman and Fred Turner reunited in to tour and collaborate on a new album. In , they played the halftime show at the Grey Cup in Edmonton. The two stopped touring following Turner's amicable retirement in March On March 29, , the classic Not Fragile line-up reunited for the first time since to mark Bachman—Turner Overdrive's induction into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, and participated in performing in a tribute version of "Takin' Care of Business". After leaving The Guess Who at the height of that band's success, Randy Bachman recalled being labelled "a lunatic and a loser" and that "nobody wanted to work with me". The exception was Chad Allan , former Guess Who lead singer who had left that band four years before Randy. The two agreed to explore a musical project, and Randy then turned to family. Brave Belt's self-titled first album, which saw Randy playing both lead guitar and bass, did not sell particularly well. Turner was soon asked to be a full-time member and sing lead for the recording of Brave Belt II in Chad Allan appeared as a vocalist on two Brave Belt II songs, but left the band shortly after the album's recording. During the tour to support this album, another Bachman sibling, Tim Bachman , was added as a second guitarist because the band had felt their three-piece arrangement was too restrictive. But Turner's influence had started to make itself felt, as he composed five songs for the Brave Belt II album and sang lead on nine of the album's eleven songs. Brave Belt II had a harder, more guitar-heavy sound than its predecessor, complemented by Turner's throaty, powerful voice. A promoter, disheartened with reactions to Allan's country-flavoured songs, which the band was still playing, decided to sack Brave Belt for the Saturday night show and bring in a more rock-oriented replacement from Toronto. When that didn't materialize, he begged Brave Belt to stay on and play a set of classic rock cover songs. As the band played songs like "Proud Mary", "Brown Sugar" and "All Right Now", the dance floor filled up and, according to Randy, "We instantly saw the difference between playing sit-down music people could talk over and playing music they would jump out of their seats and dance to. After Reprise Records dropped Brave Belt from their label, Randy Bachman emptied his own bank account to finance another set of recordings with the Brave Belt II lineup, and began to shop around the next album. The band eventually landed a deal with Mercury Records , one which Randy proclaimed as a pure stroke of luck. In April , Charlie Fach of Mercury Records returned to his office after a trip to France to find a stack of unplayed demo tapes waiting on his desk. Wanting to start completely fresh, he took a trash can and slid all the tapes into it except one which missed the can and fell onto the floor. Fach picked up the tape and noticed Bachman's name on it. He remembered talking to him the previous year and had told Bachman that if he ever put a demo together to send it to him. Coincidentally, Mercury had just lost Uriah Heep and Rod Stewart to other labels, and Fach was looking for new rock acts to replace them. I could hear "Gimme Your Money Please" playing in the background, and that was the first song on the tape. He said, "Randy, this is fabulous. Is the rest of the album like this? Fach convinced the band that a brand new name was needed; one that capitalized on the name recognition of the band members. While on their way back from a gig in Toronto , the group had spotted a copy of a trucker's magazine called Overdrive while dining at the Colonial Steak House in Windsor, Ontario , run by Colonial Jim Lambros. The rest of the band decided the addition of " Overdrive " was the perfect way to describe their music. BTO released their eponymous first album in May The album broke through in the US via border towns such as Detroit [10] and Buffalo and stayed on the charts for many weeks despite lacking a hit single. The Turner-penned "Blue Collar" reached No. The album's eventual success was very much the result of the band's relentless touring. Reportedly, Fach had agreed to put this album on the Mercury label only if the band would promote it with a heavy concert schedule. Wherever the band was getting significant airplay, Bachman—Turner Overdrive immediately travelled there, regardless of the tour routing, to build momentum. One such opportunity occurred in St. Louis, Missouri. They wanted a band to headline that nobody heard of because the headline acts they had booked got bigger offers and weren't coming. We had the BTO I album out then, so they at least had something to play and make it look like we were big. The record company called and said, 'What the hell's happening? We shipped ten thousand records to St. Louis in one week! The region had been saturated with our album. They didn't know we were Canadian, they just knew the songs. It was incredible. Backed by manager Bruce Allen, the band logged over dates in its first year of existence, and it paid off. It was originally to be titled "Adrenaline Rush". Randy had already written the core of "Takin' Care of Business" several years earlier as "White Collar Worker" while in The Guess Who , but that band had felt it was not their type of song. It reappeared in BTO's repertoire during the supporting gigs for the first album primarily, as Randy put it, "To give Fred Turner a chance to rest his voice. Randy Bachman had very strong religious beliefs and established rules to be in BTO. Among them was a rule that drugs, alcohol and premarital sex were prohibited on tour, and Tim is alleged to have broken all of these. It is said that he was given opportunities to change his lifestyle and did, at least temporarily. Said Randy in a Rolling Stone interview: "I know from experience what can ruin a good thing. Drugs made the guys in The Guess Who change. They got sloppy. They ruined themselves and their marriages. He wasn't BTO caliber [and] it was difficult to rely on him. I guess the band was conflicting with his whole life. It became a huge success, reaching No. It included the No. Not Fragile remains BTO's top-selling non-compilation album, selling over eight million copies to date. Said Randy, "Lizzy were just opening in England, but our label wanted to bust them in the rest of Europe and break them wide open in the States, so we toured with Phil and the boys for seven or eight months. Although reaching no higher than No. Following a cross-Canada tour in the summer of , the band members were already developing songs for the next album. This album produced the Top 40 single " Take It Like a Man ", which featured a guest appearance by Little Richard who wailed away on his piano. While garnering some airplay on traditional rock stations, it also received fairly heavy rotation on soft rock stations which normally did not play bands like BTO. This song would appear on some of the later compilation CD's, as well as on re-issues of the Head On album in CD format. So Far , was released in and featured songs from each of the band's first five studio albums. Although peaking at only No. Freeways , BTO's sixth studio album that was recorded in late and released in February , signalled the end of BTO's most successful line-up. Facing some criticism for the "sameness" of the band's songs on the two follow-up albums to Not Fragile , Randy Bachman wanted to update BTO's sound, including adding horns and strings on some songs, but the rest of the band seemed to disagree. Said Fred Turner:. Since he Randy was funding the whole thing, everything went on his and Mercury's timetable. It finally came to a head for Freeways when Blair, Rob and myself told Randy we were burnt out, didn't like the songs we were writing, didn't like the songs he was writing, and that we wanted to take some time to regroup — especially since all the other bands were taking a year or two between albums, not doing two a year like we were. Randy told us his songs were fine and forced the album. It ended that version of the band. Years later, Randy seemed to agree with Turner, stating, "Looking at it now, we should have taken four, five, six months off In retrospect, that's what a lot of great bands do. And we didn't. Randy Bachman left the group following Freeways. His initial intention was to temporarily disband while he worked on a solo project, "But it was decided by management it wouldn't work. Randy was replaced by bassist Jim Clench , formerly of April Wine. Bassist Turner moved to rhythm guitar with Thornton becoming the primary lead guitarist. Clench and Turner shared lead vocal duties. Even though this line-up included drummer Robbie Bachman, the band had to record and tour only as "BTO" because of an agreement with Randy who wanted to retain the rights to his surname for his solo career. The album became a commercial failure, spawning no hit singles. The band also released Rock n' Roll Nights in March It was the first BTO album to prominently feature outside songwriters, particularly Prism 's Jim Vallance , who also co-produced the album. Vallance had taken over as main producer after Barry Mraz was fired by the band, and would later score huge success in the 80s with Bryan Adams. But like its predecessor, Rock n' Roll Nights also sold poorly an estimated , copies worldwide. The album did, however, produce a moderately successful single called "Heartaches". On November 3, , Jim Clench died at age 61 in a Montreal hospital after a battle with stage-four lung cancer. After Randy recorded the solo album Survivor in , he went on to form the short-lived Ironhorse in Ironhorse released two albums, Ironhorse and Everything Is Grey , before disbanding. Tom Sparks was the vocalist for the first Ironhorse album, along with Randy, but was replaced by Frank Ludwig for the second album in Sparks reportedly did not like the constant touring and being away from home for such long amounts of time. A reformed version of Ironhorse, renamed as "Union", released one album in entitled On Strike. Fred Turner was a member of Union along with Randy Bachman. BTO reunited in Younger brother Robbie Bachman declined to participate after business and trademark disagreements with Randy and the others:. When Randy wanted to get back together again, I said, "Okay, let's have a publishing company with the band. Let's all write the tunes. We'll all share equally and there won't be any more animosity. Blair wasn't asked to rejoin because Randy knew that Blair wouldn't take any crap like Timmy would. They went out and started to use the name BTO within a year and the same trademark that Randy sold to us! So Blair and I sued him and we won. They had to pay us royalties. In Randy's autobiography, Takin' Care of Business , he counters that Robbie declined to participate in the reunion when he and Fred refused to share in the publishing royalties of the hit BTO songs Randy and Fred authored. It dented the US charts at No. In , they released a live album culled from their tour called Live! The latter was actually a studio recording with the audience sound added to it. They were the opening band for the new Sammy Hagar -fronted Van Halen on their tour in This plum opening slot was done by a trio line-up of Randy, Tim and Garry Peterson allegedly with some bass parts and Fred's voice provided via tapes since Fred Turner had been unavailable when the group was first contacted by Van Halen's management. The others reluctantly gave him permission to do so to get his way out of debt. In , the —77 Not Fragile line-up Randy, Fred, Blair, Robbie reformed once again, took to the road and recorded an unknown number of songs together. The only song to make it out into the public by this version of the band was a cover of the song " Wooly Bully ", which is only available on the American Boyfriends movie soundtrack. But by late , Randy Bachman had left the group again. Two explanations exist for this happening. The first, according to Randy Bachman, was that the band agreed to take a break. But at some point the other members decided they wanted to continue doing concerts because the money was too good to pass up. Randy stated they asked him to tour with them but he was working on another project and had to decline. The others then chose to go on as BTO without him. In the second explanation, the other members particularly Robbie and Blair have maintained that Randy quit. Randy Bachman was replaced by Randy Murray after his last departure from the band in late Trial by Fire: Greatest and Latest was released in and was their last album to contain any new material. The sibling rivalry between Robbie and Randy that had started with the reunion album continued during this era. People will know you're not there. It's like Coke and Coca-Cola, two names that go hand in hand. It kind of gets represented that I'm there and when they play the gig, I clearly am not there. So there's this inference that I'm there and I'm not there, which is a disservice to the fans. He brings his own. However, the band would have had to play as the Not Fragile line-up, meaning the inclusion of Randy Bachman to the band for that performance. The Hall refused and the band was not inducted the "classic" lineup of Randy Bachman, Fred Turner, Blair Thornton and Robbie Bachman would eventually be inducted - by astronaut Chris Hadfield - in Since the last disbandment of the band in , several of their albums have been reissued. Although Rob and Blair have remained very reticent about BTO since late , Rob has been rumoured to state he no longer wishes to play in the band and has hung up his drum sticks. On January 23, , Tim Bachman played on stage at one of Randy Bachman's shows, the first time they had played on stage together since Randy Bachman, who already hosted the successful radio show "Randy's Vinyl Tap", was slated to be the host of a new television show called "Road to Guitar", which was set to air on the Discovery Channel. Randy Murray still plays occasional shows around the Vancouver area. Due to the intense interest in a Bachman-Turner reunion, Randy Bachman and Fred Turner announced their reteaming on December 8, in their hometown of Winnipeg. But after hearing the track with Turner's vocals, Randy asked if his former bandmate could contribute more vocals and some original compositions and offered to put his solo project on hold in favour of a Bachman-Turner album. It morphed into a full-blown collaboration. The band played the halftime show at the Grey Cup in Edmonton. It has 26 songs on two CDs. Much of the collection had been released before, but there were four previously unreleased songs, including "Rough Ride" from the BTO reunion album sessions and "West Coast Turnaround" from the Head On sessions. Live — Japan Tour album from Disc two also adds live versions of "Blue Collar" and "Give It Time", recorded at the same Japan concerts but not released on the vinyl edition. BTO has been recognized in many music circles for carrying on the torch of guitar-heavy rock and roll at a time when soft rock was dominating the Top 40 charts, and progressive and glam acts were getting an increasing share of FM radio play. As drummer Rob Bachman put it: "We were basically fans of all kinds of music, but really liked the old kind of rock-and-roll Luckily for us, Creedence had just called it quits, and we came out with three- and four-chord rock-and-roll with Fred Turner's gruff voice. So it was basically this working man's kind of rock-and-roll. Dave Marsh noted that the band peaked with Not Fragile , an album that "seemed to exhaust Bachman's imagination; everything before and since is simply sluggish. After accusing BTO of "shamelessly stealing riffs from the Rolling Stones, The Doobie Brothers and anyone else who happened to be handy," Toronto Star critic Craig MacInnis acknowledged, "They knew how to put the hooks in all the right places, led by the urgent fretwork of Randy Bachman and the gravel vocal stylings of Turner, whose voice resembles a fully-revved Harley-Davidson. Stephen King derived his Richard Bachman pen name from Bachman—Turner Overdrive when he was listening to the band's song "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" at the time his publisher asked him to choose a pseudonym on the spot. The band was featured in The Simpsons episode " Saddlesore Galactica ". The song " Takin' Care of Business " was also the title of a movie starring Jim Belushi as an escaped convict who wins tickets to see the Chicago Cubs in the World Series and finds the Filofax of businessman Charles Grodin. The song serves as the theme song to the movie. The track "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" was featured as part of a running joke in the Harry Enfield sketch " Smashie and Nicey " in the early s, with the duo playing the song to end almost every show. US Charts are Billboard unless otherwise noted. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Bachman—Turner Overdrive disambiguation. Canadian rock band. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass, rhythm guitar —, —, — Randy Bachman — lead vocals, lead guitar —, —, — Robbie Bachman — drums, percussion, backing vocals —, — Tim Bachman — rhythm guitar, lead and backing vocals —, — Blair Thornton — guitar, backing vocals —, — Jim Clench — bass, lead and backing vocals —; died Garry Peterson — drums, backing vocals — Billy Chapman — keyboards — Randy Murray — guitar, lead and backing vocals — Music portal Canada portal. March 11, Retrieved July 18, Retrieved March 9, Retrieved January 16, Archived from the original on December 30, Retrieved June 25, The Billboard Book of Hits. Billboard Books. Retrieved February 28, Toronto: TheStar. November 5, Retrieved January 25, London: Telegraph. November 10, Canadian Music Hall Of Fame. March 17, Retrieved March 2, Archived from the original on June 29, Retrieved August 31, Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved December 13, Retrieved January 4, Retrieved on April 24, St Ives, N. Music Canada. Retrieved February 1, Recording Industry Association of America. Sheridan Books. Bachman—Turner Overdrive. Best of B. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada. Rock , hard rock , boogie rock , blues rock. Mercury , MCA , Curb. Bachman—Turner Overdrive II. Four Wheel Drive. Head On. Rock n' Roll Nights. Japan Tour Live recorded at Nippon Budokan , So Far. You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet. The Anthology. Bachman—Turner Overdrive Gold. Randy Bachman — lead vocals, lead guitar C. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass Tim Bachman — rhythm guitar, backing vocals Robbie Bachman — drums, percussion, backing vocals. Randy Bachman — lead vocals, guitar C. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass Blair Thornton — guitar, backing vocals Robbie Bachman — drums, percussion, backing vocals. Fred Turner — lead vocals, rhythm guitar Jim Clench — bass, lead vocals Blair Thornton — lead guitar, backing vocals Robbie Bachman — drums, percussion, backing vocals. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass Tim Bachman — rhythm guitar, backing vocals Garry Peterson — drums, backing vocals Billy Chapman — keyboards. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass Blair Thornton — lead guitar, backing vocals Robbie Bachman — drums, percussion, backing vocals. Randy Murray — guitar, lead and backing vocals C. Fred Turner — lead vocals, bass Mick Dalla-Vee — rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals Brent Howard — rhythm guitar, backing vocals Marc LaFrance — drums, backing vocals. Overdrive James Beverley is a fictional villain , appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an enemy of Spider-Man. Something of a throwaway joke character, Overdrive made a few inconsequential appearances throughout Dan Slott's run on The Amazing Spider-Man. As part of Marvel NOW! James Beverley is a race car driver who had dreams of being a superhero. When every attempt failed and he ended up in an accident, he gained the assistance of Power Broker. Mister Negative approached him and offered him a job in his criminal organization. Overdrive was hired by Mister Negative to steal an artifact from a museum, but was unable to deliver it because of interference from Spider-Man. Overdrive led Spider-Man on a high-speed chase through the streets of Manhattan. When Spider-Man smashed the windshield of Overdrive's car, it revealed dozens of pieces of Spider-Man-related merchandise such as bobble-heads, air-fresheners, and action figures. Overdrive declared that he was Spider-Man's "biggest fan", even asking for an autograph as Spider-Man was trying to stop him. The chase finally culminated in a car-wreck that had Overdrive and his vehicle hanging from a bridge in New York by Spider-Man's webbing with Spider-Man's trademark note, "Courtesy of your friendly neighborhood Spider-Man". Overdrive asked the police who were on the scene to arrest him if he could keep the note. Overdrive was then sent by Mister Negative to steal the Sonic Pulse Generator from a laboratory but he failed again when he met Spider-Man once again. Mister Negative told his men to dispose of Overdrive and they put him in the trunk of Mister Negative's limo and Overdrive was able to escape them by converting the limo into one of his "tricked out" cars. Ever since Lily Hollister 's baby was stolen by the Chameleon , Spider-Man had been going on a rampage against any villains involved. The police recovered a web ball containing Overdrive, Spot , and Diablo. Peter Parker later sees Overdrive kidnapping Terri Hilman, the daughter of a powerful socialite. Since his costume is dirty after the battle with Doctor Octopus , Peter is forced to use a Halloween Spider-Man costume. Overdrive transforms the limousine he is driving into a copy of the Spider-Mobile. He then shoots Peter with webs pinning him into a wall. However, Peter manages to take Overdrive out from the car and leave him hanging for the police. While working for Kingpin , Overdrive fought Black Panther. As part of the " Marvel NOW! Overdrive stole the original Big Wheel vehicle and upgraded it through his powers. However, the Superior Spider-Man Doctor Octopus' mind in Peter Parker's body defeated Overdrive and the rest of the Sinister Six using a power dampening field that caused Overdrive's nano-bacteria to shut down. He secretly admitted that he only became a villain to gain a reputation, then planned to convert to the good side like Hawkeye. The new Hijacker that fought Ant-Man and Captain America in Miami claimed that his superpowers were derived from nanites that he acquired in New York from "some washout called Overdrive. Overdrive later worked for Mister Negative again and became a getaway driver for his henchmen. Following a bank heist, Overdrive drove the Inner Demons away from the police. When one of the Inner Demons activated a weapon in Overdrive's car to use on the police, Overdrive continued to drive to the safehouse. Overdrive took his car and drove away wishing that his attacker was Punisher. Overdrive raced for three days trying to avoid Sin-Eater. Carlie Cooper examined his body in the morgue when Overdrive somehow returned to life and found no bodily damages on him. Following a fight with the Lethal Legion at Empire State University , Spider-Man wonders how Overdrive can be in critical condition while everyone else that Sin-Eater "cleansed" were sent to Ravencroft. Some police officers later checked on James and nearly beat him to death only for Carlie to stop them. James was put on life support as Carlie informs Spider-Man on what happened to James. Following Sin-Eater's suicide which caused those that he purged of their sins to regain them, James Beverley recovered and encountered Carlie Cooper while working as a taxi driver. When he invites Carlie to dinner, James revealed that he made bad choices in his life when he wanted to be a good guy. James drives her to the nearest coffeehouse. Overdrive scatters nanites by touch which can transform a vehicle to his will such as improving a car's speed or design. These changes will revert if Overdrive is away from the vehicle for too long. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Overdrive comics. Marvel Comics. Season 2. Episode July 30, Disney XD. Spider-Man characters. Peter Parker Gwen Stacy. Peter Parker Michelle "MJ". Spider-Man Peter Parker. Goblin Symbiotes Slingers OZ. Sinister Six. Stan Lee Steve Ditko. Hidden categories: Comics infobox image less caption Character pop Converted comics character infoboxes Converted category character infoboxes. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Dan Slott Phil Jimenez. Ability to convert any vehicle into a high-powered one. Distortion and overdrive are forms of audio signal processing used to alter the sound of amplified electric musical instruments, usually by increasing their gain , producing a "fuzzy", "growling", or "gritty" tone. Distortion is most commonly used with the electric guitar , but may also be used with other electric instruments such as electric bass , electric piano , and Hammond organ. Guitarists playing electric blues originally obtained an overdriven sound by turning up their vacuum tube -powered guitar amplifiers to high volumes, which caused the signal to distort. While overdriven tube amps are still used to obtain overdrive, especially in genres like blues and rockabilly , a number of other ways to produce distortion have been developed since the s, such as distortion effect pedals. The growling tone of a distorted electric guitar is a key part of many genres, including blues and many rock music genres, notably hard rock , punk rock , hardcore punk , acid rock , and heavy metal music , while the use of distorted bass has been essential in a genre of hip hop music and alternative hip hop known as " SoundCloud rap ". The effects alter the instrument sound by clipping the signal pushing it past its maximum, which shears off the peaks and troughs of the signal waves , adding sustain and harmonic and inharmonic overtones and leading to a compressed sound that is often described as "warm" and "dirty", depending on the type and intensity of distortion used. The terms distortion and overdrive are often used interchangeably; where a distinction is made, distortion is a more extreme version of the effect than overdrive. Fuzz is a particular form of extreme distortion originally created by guitarists using faulty equipment such as a misaligned valve tube ; see below , which has been emulated since the s by a number of "fuzzbox" effects pedals. Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz can be produced by effects pedals , rackmounts , pre-amplifiers , power amplifiers a potentially speaker-blowing approach , speakers and since the s by digital amplifier modeling devices and audio software. While distortion is often created intentionally as a musical effect, musicians and sound engineers sometimes take steps to avoid distortion , particularly when using PA systems to amplify vocals or when playing back prerecorded music. The first guitar amplifiers were relatively low-fidelity , and would often produce distortion when their volume gain was increased beyond their design limit or if they sustained minor damage. Many electric blues guitarists, including Chicago bluesmen such as Elmore James and Buddy Guy , experimented in order to get a guitar sound that paralleled the rawness of blues singers such as Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf , [5] replacing often their originals with the powerful Valco "Chicagoan" pick-ups, originally created for lap-steel, to obtain a louder and fatter tone. In early rock music , Goree Carter 's " Rock Awhile " featured an over-driven electric guitar style similar to that of Chuck Berry several years later, [6] as well as Joe Hill Louis ' " Boogie in the Park " In the mids, guitar distortion sounds started to evolve based on sounds created earlier in the decade by accidental damage to amps, such as in the popular early recording of the Ike Turner and the Kings of Rhythm song " Rocket 88 ", where guitarist Willie Kizart used a vacuum tube amplifier that had a speaker cone slightly damaged in transport. According to other sources Burlison's amp had a partially broken loudspeaker cone. Pop-oriented producers were horrified by that eerie "two-tone" sound, quite clean on trebles but strongly distorted on basses, but Burnette insisted to publish the sessions, arguing that "that guitar sounds like a nice horn section". In the late s, Guitarist Link Wray began intentionally manipulating his amplifiers' vacuum tubes to create a "noisy" and "dirty" sound for his solos after a similarly accidental discovery. Wray also poked holes in his speaker cones with pencils to further distort his tone, used electronic echo chambers then usually employed by singers , the recent powerful and "fat" Gibson humbucker pickups, and controlled "feedback" Larsen effect. The resultant sound can be heard on his highly influential instrumental , " Rumble " and Rawhide. In , Grady Martin scored a hit with a fuzzy tone caused by a faulty preamplifier that distorted his guitar playing on the Marty Robbins song " Don't Worry ". Later that year Martin recorded an instrumental tune under his own name, using the same faulty preamp. The song, on the Decca label, was called "The Fuzz. Shortly thereafter, the American instrumental rock band The Ventures asked their friend, session musician and electronics enthusiast Orville "Red" Rhodes for help recreating the Grady Martin "fuzz" sound. Also in the early s, surf rock guitarist Dick Dale , who produced hits such as " Let's Go Trippin' " and " Misirlou " , worked closely with Fender to push the limits of electric amplification technology, [22] producing the first watt guitar amplifier. In , a fuzzy and somewhat distorted sound gained widespread popularity after guitarist Dave Davies of The Kinks used a razor blade to slash his speaker cones for the band's single " You Really Got Me ". In , Jim Marshall of the British company Marshall Amplification began modifying the electronic circuitry of his amplifiers so as to achieve a "brighter, louder" sound and fuller distortion capabilities. Also in , Syd Barrett of Pink Floyd created the song Interstellar Overdrive , a song made entirely in electric distortion. It was released a year later in modified form on their debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. In the late s and early s hard rock bands such as Deep Purple , Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath forged what would eventually become the heavy metal sound through a combined use of high volumes and heavy distortion. The word distortion refers to any modification of wave form of a signal , but in music it is used to refer to nonlinear distortion excluding filters and particularly to the introduction of new frequencies by memoryless nonlinearities. In the context of music, the most common source of nonlinear distortion is clipping in amplifier circuits and is most commonly known as overdrive. Clipping is a non-linear process that produces frequencies not originally present in the audio signal. These frequencies can be harmonic overtones, meaning they are whole number multiples of one of the signal's original frequencies, or "inharmonic", resulting from general intermodulation distortion. Intermodulation occurs whenever the input frequencies are not already harmonically related. For instance, playing a power chord through distortion results in intermodulation that produces new subharmonics. This is generally described as sounding "harsh". A fuzz box alters an audio signal until it is nearly a square wave and adds complex overtones by way of a frequency multiplier. Vacuum tube or "valve" distortion is achieved by "overdriving" the valves in an amplifier. Valve amplifiers—particularly those using class-A triodes —tend to produce asymmetric soft clipping that creates both even and odd harmonics. The increase in even harmonics is considered to create "warm"-sounding overdrive effects. A basic triode valve tube contains a cathode , a plate and a grid. When a positive voltage is applied to the plate, a current of negatively charged electrons flows to it from the heated cathode through the grid. This increases the voltage of the audio signal , amplifying its volume. The grid regulates the extent to which plate voltage is increased. A small negative voltage applied to the grid causes a large decrease in plate voltage. Valve amplification is more or less linear—meaning the parameters amplitude, frequency, phase of the amplified signal are proportional to the input signal—so long as the voltage of the input signal does not exceed the valve's "linear region of operation". The linear region falls between 1. If a valve is biased within the linear region and the input signal's voltage exceeds this region, overdrive and non-linear clipping will occur. In layperson's terms, a musician will plug a fuzz pedal into a tube amp that is being "cranked" to a clipping "overdriven" condition; as such, the musician will get the distortion from the fuzz which is then distorted further by the amp. During the s, some Seattle grunge guitarists chained together as many as four fuzz pedals to create a thick " wall of sound " of distortion. In some modern valve effects, the "dirty" or "gritty" tone is actually achieved not by high voltage, but by running the circuit at voltages that are too low for the circuit components, resulting in greater non-linearity and distortion. These designs are referred to as "starved plate" configurations, and result in an "amp death" sound. When symmetrical, this adds additional high-amplitude odd harmonics, creating a "dirty" or "gritty" tone. Electronically, this is usually achieved by either amplifying the signal to a point where it is clipped by the DC voltage limitation of the power supply rail, or by clipping the signal with diodes. Some amplifiers notably the Marshall JCM utilize hybrid designs that employ both valve and solid-state components. Guitar distortion can be produced by many components of the guitar's signal path, including effects pedals, the pre-amplifier, power amplifier, and speakers. Many players use a combination of these to obtain their "signature" tone. The pre-amplifier section of a guitar amplifier serves to amplify a weak instrument signal to a level that can drive the power amplifier. It often also contains circuitry to shape the tone of the instrument, including equalization and gain controls. Because the first component in a valve amplifier is a valve gain stage, the output level of the preceding elements of the signal chain has a strong influence on the distortion created by that stage. The output level of the guitar's pickups, the setting of the guitar's volume knob, how hard the strings are plucked, and the use of volume-boosting effects pedals can drive this stage harder and create more distortion. During the s and s, most valve amps featured a "master volume" control, an adjustable attenuator between the preamp section and the power amp. When the preamp volume is set high to generate high distortion levels, the master volume lowered, keeping the output volume at manageable levels. Because most effects pedals are designed to operate from battery voltages, using vacuum tubes to generate distortion and overdrive is impractical; instead, most pedals use solid-state transistors, op-amps and diodes. Typically, "overdrive" pedals are designed to produce sounds associated with classic rock or blues, with "distortion" pedals producing the "high gain, scooped mids" sounds associated with heavy metal; fuzz boxes are designed to emulate the distinctive sound of the earliest overdrive pedals such as the Big Muff and the Fuzz Face. Fuzz boxes and other heavy distortions can produce unwanted dissonances when playing chords. To get around this, guitar players and keyboard players using these effects may restrict their playing to single notes and simple " power chords " root, fifth, and octave. Indeed, with the most extreme fuzz pedals, players may choose to play mostly single notes, because the fuzz can make even single notes sound very thick and heavy. Heavy distortion also tends to limit the player's control of dynamics loudness and softness —similar to the limitations imposed on a Hammond organ player Hammond organ does not produce louder or softer sounds depending on how hard or soft the performer plays the keys; however, the performer can still control the volume with drawbars and the expression pedal. Heavy metal music has evolved around these restrictions, using complex rhythms and timing for expression and excitement. Lighter distortions and overdrives can be used with triadic chords and seventh chords; as well, lighter overdrive allows more control of dynamics. Power valves tubes can be overdriven in the same way that pre-amplifier valves can, but because these valves are designed to output more power, the distortion and character they add to the guitar's tone is unique. During the s to early s, distortion was primarily created by overdriving the power valves. Because they have become accustomed to this sound [ dubious — discuss ] , many guitar players [ who? Many valve-based amplifiers in common use have a push-pull output configuration in their power section, with matched pairs of tubes driving the output transformer. Power amplifier distortion is normally entirely symmetric, generating predominantly odd-order harmonics. Because driving the power valves this hard also means maximum volume, which can be difficult to manage in a small recording or rehearsal space, many solutions have emerged that in some way divert some of this power valve output from the speakers, and allow the player to generate power valve distortion without excessive volume. These include built-in or separate power attenuators and power-supply-based power attenuation, such as a VVR, or Variable Voltage Regulator to drop the voltage on the valves' plates, to increase distortion whilst lowering volume. Power-valve distortion can also be produced in a dedicated rackmount valve power amp. A modular rackmount setup often involves a rackmount preamp, a rackmount valve power amp, and a rackmount dummy load to attenuate the output to desired volume levels. Some effects pedals internally produce power-valve distortion, including an optional dummy load for use as a power-valve distortion pedal. However, because these are usually placed before the pre-amplifier in the signal chain, they contribute to the overall tone in a different way. Power amplifier distortion may damage speakers. A Direct Inject signal can capture the power-tube distortion sound without the direct coloration of a guitar speaker and microphone. This DI signal can be blended with a miked guitar speaker, with the DI providing a more present, immediate, bright sound, and the miked guitar speaker providing a colored, remote, darker sound. The output transformer sits between the power valves and the speaker, serving to match impedance. When a transformer's ferromagnetic core becomes electromagnetically saturated a loss of inductance takes place, since the back E. As the core reaches saturation, the flux levels off and cannot increase any further. With no change in flux there is no back E. The transformer and valve combination then generate large 3rd order harmonics. So long as the core does not go into saturation, the valves will clip naturally as they drop the available voltage across them. In single ended systems the output harmonics will be largely even ordered due to the valve's relatively non linear characteristics at large signal swings. This is only true however if the magnetic core does NOT saturate. Early valve amplifiers used unregulated power supplies. This was due to the high cost associated with high-quality high-voltage power supplies. The typical anode plate supply was simply a rectifier , an inductor and a capacitor. When the valve amplifier was operated at high volume , the power supply voltage would dip, reducing power output and causing signal attenuation and compression. This dipping effect is known as "sag", and is sought-after by some electric guitarists. This is because, technically, sag results from more current being drawn from the power supply, causing a greater voltage drop over the rectifier valve. In a class-A amplifier , current draw is constant [ dubious — discuss ] , so sag does not occur. As this effect is more pronounced with higher input signals, the harder "attack" of a note will be compressed more heavily than the lower-voltage "decay", making the latter seem louder and thereby improving sustain. Additionally, because the level of compression is affected by input volume, the player can control it via their playing intensity: playing harder results in more compression or "sag". In contrast, modern amplifiers often use high-quality, well-regulated power supplies. Guitar loudspeakers are designed differently from high fidelity stereo speakers or public address system speakers. While hi-fi and public address speakers are designed to reproduce the sound with as little distortion as possible, guitar speakers are usually designed so that they will shape or color the tone of the guitar, either by enhancing some frequencies or attenuating unwanted frequencies. When the power delivered to a guitar speaker approaches its maximum rated power, the speaker's performance degrades, causing the speaker to "break up", adding further distortion and colouration to the signal. Some speakers are designed to have much clean headroom , while others are designed to break up early to deliver grit and growl. Guitar amp modeling devices and software can reproduce various guitar-specific distortion qualities that are associated with a range of popular "stomp box" pedals and amplifiers. Amp modeling devices typically use digital signal processing to recreate the sound of plugging into analogue pedals and overdriven valve amplifiers. The most sophisticated devices allow the user to customize the simulated results of using different preamp, power-tube, speaker distortion, speaker cabinet, and microphone placement combinations. For example, a guitarist using a small amp modeling pedal could simulate the sound of plugging their electric guitar into a heavy vintage valve amplifier and a stack of 8 X 10" speaker cabinets. Guitar distortion is obtained and shaped at various points in the signal processing chain, including multiple stages of preamp distortion, power valve distortion, output and power transformer distortion, and guitar speaker distortion. Much of the distortion character or voicing is controlled by the frequency response before and after each distortion stage. This dependency of distortion voicing on frequency response can be heard in the effect that a wah pedal has on the subsequent distortion stage, or by using tone controls built into the guitar, the preamp or an EQ pedal to favor the bass or treble components of the guitar pickup signal prior to the first distortion stage. Some guitarists place an equalizer pedal after the distortion effect, to emphasize or de-emphasize different frequencies in the distorted signal. Conversely, decreasing the bass while increasing the midrange and treble creates a punchy, harsher sound. Rolling off all of the treble produces a dark, heavy sound. While musicians intentionally create or add distortion to electric instrument signals or vocals to create a musical effect, there are some musical styles and musical applications where as little distortion as possible is sought. When DJs are playing recorded music in a nightclub , they typically seek to reproduce the recordings with little or no distortion. In many musical styles, including pop music , country music and even genres where the electric guitars are almost always distorted, such as metal and hard rock, sound engineers usually take a number of steps to ensure that the vocals sounding through the sound reinforcement system are undistorted the exception is the rare cases where distortion is purposely added to vocals in a song as a special effect. Sound engineers prevent unwanted, unintended distortion and clipping using a number of methods. They may reduce the gain on microphone preamplifiers on the audio console ; use attenuation "pads" a button on audio console channel strips, DI unit and some bass amplifiers ; and use electronic audio compressor effects and limiters to prevent sudden volume peaks from vocal mics from causing unwanted distortion. Though some bass guitar players in metal and punk bands intentionally use fuzz bass to distort their bass sound, in other genres of music, such as pop, big band jazz and traditional country music , bass players typically seek an undistorted bass sound. To obtain a clear, undistorted bass sound, professional bass players in these genres use high-powered amplifiers with a lot of " headroom " and they may also use audio compressors to prevent sudden volume peaks from causing distortion. In many cases, musicians playing stage pianos or synthesizers use keyboard amplifiers that are designed to reproduce the audio signal with as little distortion as possible. The exceptions with keyboards are the Hammond organ as used in blues and the Fender Rhodes as used in rock music; with these instruments and genres, keyboardists often purposely overdrive a tube amplifier to get a natural overdrive sound. Another example of instrument amplification where as little distortion as possible is sought is with acoustic instrument amplifiers, designed for musicians playing instruments such as the mandolin or fiddle in a folk or bluegrass style. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Overdrive music. For other uses, see Fuzzbox disambiguation. This article is about distortion in music. For distortion in general, see Distortion. A "Turbo Distortion" guitar effect pedal made by Boss. Getting Great Guitar Sounds. Hal Leonard. Inside the Blues, to Durham, N. His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum kit. New York: Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 July Black country bluesmen made raw, heavily amplified boogie records of their own, especially in Memphis, where guitarists like Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson with the early Howlin' Wolf band and Pat Hare with Little Junior Parker played driving rhythms and scorching, distorted solos that might be counted the distant ancestors of heavy metal. Louisiana Rocks! Gretna, Louisiana : Pelican Publishing Company. Chuck Berry: The Biography. Retrieved January 25, Retrieved 29 April Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. Performance and Production. Continuum International. Retrieved University of Illinois Press. While most of the documentation on early fuzz boxes has been discarded or lost, the earliest such devices appear to have been introduced in The best known from that year was the Maestro Fuzztone FZ Retrieved 25 July Guitar Legends: The Rolling Stones. Future plc. Jimi Hendrix, Electric Gypsy. Beatles Gear. JHU Press. Hal Leonard Corporation. Wesleyan University Press. University of Washington Press. The Sound Reinforcement Handbook. Recording Studio Design. Focal Press. Electronics for Guitarists. The Routledge Guide to Music Technology. CRC Press. Guitar History Series. Bold Strummer Ltd. Archived from the original PDF on Bold Strummer. Archived from the original on Music production. Click track Loudness war Mashup music Music tech 2004 ford mustang owners manual pdf wiring diagram toyota landcruiser 79 series 1999 lincoln town car parts nology electric Music technology electronic and digital Remix. Categories : Amplified instruments Effects units Electric guitars Audio effects. Hidden categories: CS1: long volume value Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles with hAudio microformats Articles with unsourced statements from May All accuracy disputes Articles with disputed statements from July All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July Articles needing more detailed references Articles with unsourced statements from July Articles with disputed statements from April Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Distortion effects unit.