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WRA Species Report Family: Lauraceae Taxon: Cinnamomum burmannii Synonym: Cinnamomum mindanaense Elmer Common Name: Padang cassia Laurus burmannii Nees & T. Nees (basionym) Indonesian cassia Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 12 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 y 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 10/20/2011 Cinnamomum burmannii (Lauraceae) Page 1 of 8 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 y 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 n Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 12 Print Date: 10/20/2011 Cinnamomum burmannii (Lauraceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 1999. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 101 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1999. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-high] "Native to Indonesia" Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 202 1999. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Quality of climate match data 2-high] "Native to Indonesia" Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 203 1987. Roecklein, J.C./Leung, P. (eds.). A Profile [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] 'Trees are cultivated in of economic plants. Transaction Publishers, New western Sumatra, Java, and east to Timor at elevations from sea level to 2,000 Brunswick, NJ m." [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental versatility] 204 1999. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Native Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised to Indonesia" edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian range? Yes] "Native to Indonesia, Padang cassia has long been cultivated in Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Hawaii and on the U.S. mainland, where it has been incorrectly called C. cassis Museum Press, Honolulu, HI Blume…" 301 1997. Meidell, J.S./Oppenheimer, H.L./Bartlett, [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Wagner et al. (1990:846) document the R.T.. New plant records from Pu‘u Kukui naturalized range as O‘ahu. Introduced to northern West Maui c. 1920–1935, C. watershed and adjacent areas, Maui. Bishop burmannii has become extensively naturalized in the area between Honokohau Museum Occasional Papers. 49: 17-18. and Honokahua Valleys, 245m–610 m, and is viewed by Pu‘u Kukui Watershed Management staff as a serious pest. The number of individuals is estimated to be in the thousands, with current eradication efforts focused on satellite populations. Material examined. MAUI: Lahaina District - West Maui, 396 m, ridge between Honolua and Honokahua Valleys, 20 October 1996, Meidell & Oppenheimer 128 (BISH)." 301 1999. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "cultivated on O‘ahu, where it has Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised become naturalized at least in Manoa Valley and Pauoa Flats. First naturalized edition.. University of Hawai‘i Press and Bishop collection made in 1975 (Baker 99, BISH), but cultivated in Hawaii during most of Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. this century." 301 2000. Horcher, A.T.. Stand dynamics of [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] Cinnamomum burmannii, an invasive tree, on Oahu, Hawaii. University of Montana, Missoula, MT 301 2003. Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, L.L.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "On East Maui, there are a few locations Cinnamomum burmannii - Padang cassia - where C. burmannii is naturalized, also in moist to wet disturbed forested areas Lauraceae. USGS - Biological Resources nearby original plantings, though these infestations are not yet as dense or Haleakala Field Station Maui, widespread as West Maui." http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/pdf/cinn amomum_burmannii.pdf 301 2004. Starr, F./Starr, K./Loope, Lloyd L.. New [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Previously known from O‘ahu, Maui, plant records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. and Hawai‘i (Wagner et al., 1990; Wagner & Herbst, 1995; Wagner et al., 1997; Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 79: 20-30. Meidell et al., 1997), C. burmannii is also growing wild on Kaua‘i in mesic forest near Limahuli Garden on the north shore. This collection represents a new island record for Kaua‘i. Material examined: KAUA‘I: Hanalei, growing in disturbed forest with Schefflera actinophylla, Ficus microcarpa, and Syzygium cumini, 30 ft [9 m], 25 Feb 2002, Starr & Starr 020225-6." 302 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] Environmental weed [See 3.04] Print Date: 10/20/2011 Cinnamomum burmannii (Lauraceae) Page 3 of 8 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Cinnamomum burmannii [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/cinnamomum_b urmannii/ 304 1997. Meidell, J.S./Oppenheimer, H.L./Bartlett, [Environmental weed? Yes] "Introduced to northern West Maui c. 1920–1935, C. R.T.. New plant records from Pu‘u Kukui burmannii has become extensively naturalized in the area between Honokohau watershed and adjacent areas, Maui. Bishop and Honokahua Valleys, 245m–610 m, and is viewed by Pu‘u Kukui Watershed Museum Occasional Papers. 49: 17-18. Management staff as a serious pest. The number of individuals is estimated to be in the thousands, with current eradication efforts focused on satellite populations." 305 2003. Weber, E.. Invasive Plant Species of the [Congeneric weed? Yes] "Cinnamomum camphora...The tree has an excellent World. A Reference Guide to Environmental adaptation to disturbed sites and easily becomes naturalized where planted.
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