2 Peter 2:4-16: the Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2 Peter 2:4-16: the Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2014 2 Peter 2:4-16: The Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document Jenny Devivo Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Devivo, Jenny, "2 Peter 2:4-16: The Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document" (2014). Dissertations. 1079. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1079 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2014 Jenny Devivo LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO 2 PETER 2:4-16: THE REDACTION OF THE BIBLICAL AND INTERTESTAMENTAL REFERENCES DEPENDENT ON JUDE 5-11 AND THEIR OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE DOCUMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY JENNY DE VIVO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2014 Copyright by Jenny DeVivo, 2014 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation director, Dr. Wendy J. Cotter, C.S.J., for her assistance and guidance throughout my whole Ph.D. program. She has always demanded my best and has made me a much stronger scholar. I would also like to thank my readers, Dr. Thomas H. Tobin, S.J. and Dr. Robert A. DiVito whose expertise and careful analysis have strengthened and enriched my dissertation. I would also like to thank Mrs. Catherine Wolf and Mrs. Marianne Wolfe of the Theology Department who guided me through forms, checklists, and countless other important details that eluded me. We all need companions on the journey. I am particularly grateful to have shared the process with my dear friend and brilliant colleague, Dr. Teresa J. Calpino. Thank you for your support and, most especially, your friendship. My interest in biblical scholarship began with Dr. Troy W. Martin at St. Xavier University in Chicago. Thank you for sparking my curiosity, guiding me through the beginnings of learning biblical scholarship, and for being my champion and friend ever since. I would have not been able to go to graduate school at all if it were not for my dearest friend, Ms. Margaret C. Schaaf, who opened her home to me. Thank you for all of your encouragement, support, and love. None of this would have been possible without you. iii Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for all the ways they have encouraged and loved me through this process. In particular, I would like to thank my long-time friends, Dr. Jennifer M. Nelson, M.D. and Ms. Jennifer A. Meehan who carried me through much of this process with their friendship, laughter, challenge, and encouragement. Alle Werke Gottes gehen langsam und leidvoll vor sich, dann aber stehen sie desto fester und blühen desto herrlicher. Thank you to all who have made my roots sturdier. The flower is all the lovelier because of you. iv For my sister, Samantha Benevelli, of blessed memory TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1 Jude and 2 Peter Used a Common Source 2 Jude and 2 Peter Were Written by the Same Author 11 2 Peter as a Source for Jude 14 Jude as a Source for 2 Peter 26 CHAPTER 2: 2 PETER 2:4 VS. JUDE 6 35 Introduction 35 Textual Criticism 36 The Angels 37 Function of this Narrative in 2 Peter 53 CHAPTER 3: 2 PETER 2:5 57 Introduction 57 Textual Criticism 57 The Use of the Flood Tradition in 2 Peter 58 Function of this Narrative in 2 Peter 80 CHAPTER 4: 2 PETER 2:6–8 VS. JUDE 7 83 Introduction 83 Textual Criticism 84 Sodom and Gomorrah 86 Lot 90 Textual Commentary 95 Conclusion 105 CHAPTER 5: 2 PETER 2:15–17 VS. JUDE 11 107 Introduction 107 Textual Criticism 107 Textual Commentary 111 Conclusion 133 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS 135 BIBLIOGRAPHY 157 VITA 165 vi ABSTRACT For some time now, scholars have noted the close literary connection between Jude and 2 Peter, with thirteen of Jude’s twenty-five verses paralleled in 2 Peter. One could say that the argument over the direction of dependency makes it the ‘synoptic problem’ of the Catholic Epistles. Although the literary evidence is overwhelmingly supportive of 2 Peter’s dependency on Jude, the prominence of the figure of Peter in Christian history seems to have influenced certain scholars to propose the contrary. The arguments for the dependence of 2 Peter upon Jude will be addressed immediately in this dissertation since the focus of this study is on the way the author of 2 Peter redacted certain key texts in Jude, and more importantly, why he did so. Jude draws on the Old Testament and Pseudepigrapha to present six notorious sinners/ groups of sinners placing them in two clusters of three. In the first cluster (Jude 5-7// 2 Pet 2:4-8) Jude names the Exodus generation, the sinful angels, and the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah; 2 Peter substitutes the Flood for the Exodus generation and returns to the correct chronological order of the sinful angels, the Flood, and Sodom and Gomorrah. Jude’s second cluster (Jude 11) names three characters, Cain, Balaam, and Korah. 2 Peter 2:15-16 eliminates Cain and Korah, and expands upon the sinfulness of Balaam in 2:15- 16. While the majority of scholars conclude the 2 Peter is dependent on Jude, they have also made important contributions in the itemization of the ways in which the author vii of 2 Peter has redacted Jude as well. What they have failed to address is the patterns that show the reasons for these alterations and how 2 Peter uses these texts for a different message to the community. This dissertation now attends to that issue, by focusing on these four narrative references which are foundational to the rest of 2 Peter; they are the key to understanding the function and genre of 2 Peter. While Jude uses these texts to threaten eternal punishment for those who follow the heresy within his community, 2 Peter uses them to assure the community that sin will not go unpunished and that God will soon destroy the entire earth with fire, consuming the unrighteous and sparing the righteous. Further research that will belong to the full study in the dissertation will help to fill out these differences, illustrate their depth, and will show their impact for the rest of the document. viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction For some time now, scholars have noted the close literary connection between Jude and 2 Peter, with thirteen of Jude’s twenty-five verses paralleled in 2 Peter.1 One could say that the argument over the direction of dependency makes it the “synoptic problem” of the Catholic Epistles. Although the literary evidence is overwhelmingly supportive of 2 Peter’s dependency on Jude, the prominence of the figure of Peter in Christian history seems to have influenced certain scholars to propose the contrary.2 The issue of dependency concerning Jude and 2 Peter is the fundamental issue of the dissertation, and must be addressed first, for the dissertation will examine the manner in which the use of significant scripture passages in 2 Peter are drawn from Jude, but then redacted to serve a new message. Although most scholars concur that the evidence points 1 Jude 4–13, 16// 2 Pet 2:1–18 and Jude 17–18//2 Pet 3:2–3. 2 Richard Bauckham, Jude, 2 Peter, Word Biblical Commentary, 50 (Waco, TX: Word Books, 1983), 141– 2; J. Chaine, Les épîtres catholique: la seconde épître de Saint Pierre, les épîtres de Sain Jean, l'épître de Saint Jude (Paris: Gabalda, 1939), 18–24; Tord Fornberg, An Early Church in a Pluralistic Society: A Study of 2 Peter, Coniectanea biblical. New Testament Series; 9 (Lund: LiberLäromedel/ Gleerup, 1977), 31–59; Gene L. Green, Jude & 2 Peter, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 327–30; Steven J. Kraftchick, Jude, 2 Peter, Abingdon New Testament Commentaries (Nashville: Abingdon, 2002), 79–81; J. N. D. Kelly, A Commentary on the Epistles of Peter and Jude, Black's New Testament Commentaries (London: Black, 1969), 226–7; Pheme Perkins, First and Second Peter, James, and Jude, Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching (Louisville: John Knox Press, 1995), 178. 1 2 to 2 Peter as literarily dependent upon Jude, that evidence must be re-examined to reveal its degree of probability and not simply referenced and presumed. There are four possible scholarly positions concerning the question of the literary relationship between Jude and 2 Peter. We shall examine each of them, beginning with the less probable and moving toward the more probable theories. They are (1) Jude and 2 Peter used a common source, (2) Jude and 2 Peter were written by the same author, (3) Jude is dependent upon 2 Peter, (4) 2 Peter is dependent upon Jude. Jude and 2 Peter Used a Common Source Bo Reicke holds that a common source, whether oral or written, was the “best assumption.”3 He poses that Jude and 2 Peter were based on a “… sermon pattern formulated to resist the seducers of the church.”4 The grounds for this theory are not explained or explored, but briefly stated.
Recommended publications
  • Bible Class Book on First and Second Peter
    Workbook On 1st and 2nd Peter The Synagogue at Capernaum “This brings you great joy, although you may have to suffer for a short time in various trials. Such trials show the proven character of your faith, which is much more valuable than gold— gold that is tested by fire, even though it is passing away–and will bring praise and glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed. You have not seen him, but you love him. ” (1 Peter 1:6–8) © 2015 David Padfield www.padfield.com Scripture quoted by permission. All scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the NET Bible® copyright ©1996–2006 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. www.bible.org All rights reserved. This material is available in its entirety as a free download or online web use at http://netbible.org/ 1 Peter 1:1–12 An Incorruptible Inheritance & 1 From Peter, an apostle of Jesus 1. Who are “those temporarily residing abroad” (1:1)? Christ, to those temporarily residing abroad (in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, the province of Asia, and Bithynia) who are chosen 2 according to the 2. How are these people the “chosen” (1:1)? foreknowledge of God the Father by being set apart by the Spirit for obedience and for sprinkling with Jesus Christ’s blood. May grace and peace be yours in full 3. How are we sprinkled with the blood of Christ (1:2)? measure! 3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! By his great mercy he gave us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Peter 202 1 Edition Dr
    Notes on 2 Peter 202 1 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable HISTORICAL BACKGROUND This epistle claims that the Apostle Peter wrote it (1:1). It also claims to follow a former letter written by Peter (3:1), which appears to be a reference to 1 Peter, although Peter may have been referring to a letter we no longer have.1 The author's reference to the fact that Jesus had predicted a certain kind of death for him (1:14) ties in with Jesus' statement to Peter recorded in John 21:18. Even so, "most modern scholars do not think that the apostle Peter wrote this letter."2 The earliest external testimony (outside Scripture) to Petrine authorship comes from the third century.3 The writings of the church fathers contain fewer references to the Petrine authorship of 2 Peter than to the authorship of any other New Testament book. It is easy to see why critics who look for reasons to reject the authority of Scripture have targeted this book for attack. Ironically, in this letter, Peter warned his readers of heretics who would depart from the teachings of the apostles and the Old Testament prophets, which became the very thing some of these modern critics do. Not all who reject Petrine authorship are heretics, however. The arguments of some critics have convinced some otherwise conservative scholars who no longer retain belief in the epistle's inspiration. "There is clear evidence from the early centuries of Christianity that the church did not tolerate those who wrote in an apostle's name.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION: TURN to 2 PETER 2 • in Matthew 24 the Disciples Ask
    _____________________________________________________ LIVING HOPE INTRODUCTION: TURN TO 2 PETER 2 • In Matthew 24 the disciples ask Jesus a question • They ask Jesus what will be the sign of Your coming and of the end of the age? His answer is interesting Matthew 24:4–5 (NKJV) 4 And Jesus answered and said to them: “Take heed that no one deceives you. 5 For many will come in My name, saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will deceive many. • The number one sign that Jesus is coming soon is the rise of false prophets, false teachers who will come in the name of Jesus and deceive many. • 2 Peter echoes the words of Jesus… 2 Peter 2:1–3 (NKJV) 2 But there were also false prophets among the people, even as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Lord who bought them, and bring on themselves swift destruction. 2 And many will follow their destructive ways, because of whom the way of truth will be blasphemed. 3 By covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words; for a long time their judgment has not been idle, and their destruction does not slumber. • Peter says there are people pretending to speak for God • They appear spiritual, sound spiritual, may even be successful • But instead of giving to the people they take • Instead of leading the people to Jesus they build their own kingdom, their own tribe and use their position of influence to bless themselves How do you recognize a false teacher / prophet? • First, a false teacher / prophet always claims to have some special
    [Show full text]
  • 1 & 2 Peter and Jude (Macarthur New Testament Commentary)
    Table of Contents 1 Peter 2 Peter & Jude 1 PETER MOODY PUBLISHERS/CHICAGO Contents CHAPTER PAGE Preface vii Introduction to 1 Peter 1 1. The Elements of Election (1 Peter 1:1–2) 13 2. The Believer’s Eternal Inheritance (1 Peter 1:3–5) 29 3. Salvation Joy (1 Peter 1:6–9) 39 4. Salvation’s Greatness (1 Peter 1:10–12) 49 5. The Believer’s Response to Salvation (1 Peter 1:13–17) 61 6. The Wonder of Redemption (1 Peter 1:18–21) 71 7. Supernatural Love (1 Peter 1:22–25) 87 8. Desiring the Word (1 Peter 2:1–3) 95 9. Spiritual Privileges—Part 1:Union with Christ and 103 Access to God (1 Peter 2:4–5) 10. Spiritual Privileges—Part 2:Security in Christ, 119 Affection for Christ,Election by Christ,and Dominion with Christ (1 Peter 2:6–9b) 11. Spiritual Privileges—Part 3:Separation to Christ, 127 Possession by Christ,Illumination in Christ,Compassion from Christ,and Proclamation of Christ (1 Peter 2:9c–10) 12. Godly Living (1 Peter 2:11–12) 135 13. Submission to Civil Authority (1 Peter 2:13–17) 143 14. Submission in the Workplace (1 Peter 2:18–21a) 155 15. The Suffering Jesus (1 Peter 2:21b–25) 165 16. Winning an Unsaved Spouse (1 Peter 3:1–7) 175 17. Living and Loving the Good Life (1 Peter 3:8–12) 185 18. Securities Against a Hostile World (1 Peter 3:13–17) 195 19. The Triumph of Christ’s Suffering (1 Peter 3:18–22) 205 20.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Transcription of 16ID1607 2 Peter 2:4-9
    Transcription of 16ID1607 2 Peter 2:4-9 “A Sure Judgment” January 10, 2016 Shall we open our Bibles this morning to 2 Peter 2:4, as we continue our study through this last letter that Peter wrote to the churches that had been really running for three years or so, now, as the persecution under Nero had expanded horrendously. In fact, millions of folks would be put to death for their faith, beginning in 64 A.D. and going 250 years into the future. And Peter had been arrested. He was on death row. He knew that he would be executed soon. And so he writes this final letter – three years after the first one - words of a dying man that majors on the majors. He’s not really beating around the bush. He doesn’t really have much time. But he selects the things that he felt the church needed to know more than anything else, having ministered to these folks whom he loved for thirty-five years or so. The outline of the book is fairly easy. In chapter 1, Peter talks about the true things of God. In chapter 2, about the false teachers that try to undermine those things. And then in chapter 3, the end, the coming of the Lord, the return of Jesus to rule and to reign. In chapter 1, Peter talked about the necessity that all of us face of having a personal relationship with Jesus. We need to know Him well. And if we do, then we can survive the onslaught - whatever it may be.
    [Show full text]
  • The Second Letter of Peter
    THE SECOND LETTER OF PETER VERSE BY VERSE Featuring The RSVCE Catholic Bible Catholic Commentary Catholic Catechism Insights CATECHISM of the CATHOLIC CHURCH (Second Edition, Revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by Pope John Paul II) 1 Table of Contents 2 Peter 1:1 p. 5 2 Peter 1:2 p. 10 2 Peter 1:3 p. 12 2 Peter 1:4 p. 13 2 Peter 1:5-7 p. 14 2 Peter 1:8-9 p. 15 2 Peter 1:10-11 p. 18 2 Peter 1:12-15 p. 20 2 Peter 1:16-18 p. 21 2 Peter 1:19-21 p. 24 2 Peter 2:1 p. 27 2 Peter 2:2 p. 28 2 Peter 2:3 p. 29 2 Peter 2:4 p. 30 2 Peter 2:5 p. 31 2 Peter 2:6 p. 32 2 Peter 2:7-9 p. 33 2 Peter 2:10-11 p. 35 2 Peter 2:12-13 p. 37 2 Peter 2:14 p. 39 2 Peter 2:15-16 p. 40 2 2 Peter 2:17 p. 42 2 Peter 2:18-19 p. 43 2 Peter 2:20 p. 45 2 Peter 2:21-22 p. 46 2 Peter 3:1-2 p. 48 2 Peter 3:3-4 p. 49 2 Peter 3:5-6 p. 51 2 Peter 3:7 p. 52 2 Peter 3:8-9 p. 53 2 Peter 3:10 p. 54 2 Peter 3:11 p. 55 2 Peter 3:12-13 p. 56 2 Peter 3:14 p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chapters of 2 Peter
    Liberty University Scholars Crossing An Alliterated Outline for the Chapters of the Bible A Guide to the Systematic Study of the Bible 5-2018 The Chapters of 2 Peter Harold Willmington Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/outline_chapters_bible Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Willmington, Harold, "The Chapters of 2 Peter" (2018). An Alliterated Outline for the Chapters of the Bible. 42. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/outline_chapters_bible/42 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the A Guide to the Systematic Study of the Bible at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in An Alliterated Outline for the Chapters of the Bible by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 Peter SECTION OUTLINE ONE (2 PETER 1) Peter opens his letter by exhorting his readers to grow in the knowledge of God and the Scriptures. I. THE PROCLAMATION OF THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD (1:1-4): Peter writes concerning our Christian faith. A. The preciousness (1:1-2): Great value is attached to our faith. B. The power (1:3): God has given us everything we need for living a holy life. C. The promises (1:4) 1. Protection (1:4a): We will be delivered from the corruption of this world. 2. Participation (1:4b): We will actually share in the Lord's divine nature. II. THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE VIRTUES OF GOD (1:5-11): We are to add these virtues to our faith.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Peter Salutation Have Been Granted a Faith Just As Precious As Ours
    2 Peter Salutation have been granted a faith just as precious as ours. 1: May grace and peace be lavished on you as 1:1 From Simeon Peter, a slave and apostle you grow in the rich knowledge0 of God and of of Jesus Christ, to those who through the righ- Jesus our Lord!11 teousness of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ, Believers’ Salvation and the Work of God tc Several witnesses, a few of them very important (Ì72 B Ψ 69 81 614 623 630 1241 1243 2464 al vg co), read Σίμων 1:3 I can pray this because his divine power12 (Simwn, “Simon”) for Συμεών (Sumewn, “Simeon”). However, this appears to be a motivated reading as it is the more com- mon spelling. Συμεών occurs only here and in Acts 15:14 as a spelling for the apostle’s name. The reading Συμεών enjoys ample and widespread support among the MSS, strongly sug- there have been 200 years of attempts to dislodge Sharp’s gesting its authenticity. Further, this Hebraic spelling is a sub- rule, all attempts have been futile. Sharp’s rule stands vindi- tle argument for the authenticity of this letter, since a forger cated after all the dust has settled. For more information on would almost surely follow the normal spelling of the name (1 the application of Sharp’s rule to 2 Pet 1:1, see ExSyn 272, Peter begins only with “Peter” giving no help either way). 276-77, 290. See also Titus 2:13 and Jude 4. tn Grk “Simeon Peter.” The word “from” is not in the tn The verb λαγχάνω (lancanw) means “obtain by lot,” Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of “receive.” A literal translation would put it in the active, but the letter.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of 2 Peter Pastor Jason Gear – Grace Baptist Church Page 1 2
    2 Peter 1 – Continue to Grow Introduction . The theme of this short letter seems to be summarized in the final two verses of chapter 3 – beware, but grow 2 Peter 3:17-18 Ye therefore, beloved, seeing ye know these things before, beware lest ye also, being led away with the error of the wicked, fall from your own stedfastness. But grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and for ever. Amen. Chapter one begins with the greeting from the apostle Peter writing to those who faith in Christ . The outline for chapter one leads us through a progression of starting right, continuing well and finishing strong in the Christian life . He concludes the chapter by reminding us of the importance of having the Word of God as our foundation I. Starting Right with a Foundational Faith A. Faith in a Person 2 Peter 1:1-2 Simon Peter, a servant and an apostle of Jesus Christ, to them that have obtained like precious faith with us through the righteousness of God and our Saviour Jesus Christ: Grace and peace be multiplied unto you through the knowledge of God, and of Jesus our Lord, 1. Like precious (equal) faith refers to the faith that we have in a risen Christ is no different than those who had faith who walked with Christ 2. The Savior (Jesus Christ) was the one who provided salvation 3. Only Jesus can supply righteousness, grace and peace B. Faith in God’s Power 2 Peter 1:3 According as his divine power hath given unto us all things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and virtue: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • HARMONY of the BOOK of JUDE and 2 PETER Chul Hae Kim*
    HARMONY OF JUDE & 2 PETER 20 HARMONY OF THE BOOK OF JUDE AND 2 PETER Chul Hae Kim* Many parallel passages exist among the sixty-six books in the Bible. There are many ways to approach the relationship of each of these parallel passages. The basic principle that applies to any parallel passages in the Bible is that every book of the Bible relates to each other in a certain way. Some relate in the aspect to the time of writing whether written earlier or later: the prior ones could possibly influence the one written later. Others relate in the aspect of authorship as in the case of the Pauline Epistles and Johannine Epistles. On the other hand, we could get the same “smell” from some books even though authors were different but were influenced by each other. The relationship of some parallel passages could be explained based on certain basic principles without any struggle. All the New Testament books have their origin from Old Testament books. It is not only the New Testament books that quote from the Old Testament; Old Testament Books also quote from other books within the Old Testament. 26 Some passages quote directly from the Old Testament books, but some portions of the New Testament books relate indirectly to the Old Testament. There are many ways of quoting from the Old Testament besides direct quotation. Biblical writers use various kinds of allusions: some related to verbal phrases, others in context (including the canonical context), and the rest in main themes or topics. The study of the relationship between parallel passages is worth taking.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Peter 2:4-16
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2014 2 Peter 2:4-16: The Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document Jenny Devivo Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Devivo, Jenny, "2 Peter 2:4-16: The Redaction of the Biblical and Intertestamental References Dependent on Jude 5-11 and Their Overall Significance for the Document" (2014). Dissertations. Paper 1079. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1079 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2014 Jenny Devivo LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO 2 PETER 2:4-16: THE REDACTION OF THE BIBLICAL AND INTERTESTAMENTAL REFERENCES DEPENDENT ON JUDE 5-11 AND THEIR OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE DOCUMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN THEOLOGY BY JENNY DE VIVO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2014 Copyright by Jenny DeVivo, 2014 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation director, Dr. Wendy J. Cotter, C.S.J., for her assistance and guidance throughout my whole Ph.D. program. She has always demanded my best and has made me a much stronger scholar. I would also like to thank my readers, Dr. Thomas H. Tobin, S.J.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Peter 2 • Characteristics of False Prophets & Teachers
    2 Peter 2 • Characteristics of False Prophets & Teachers Introduction Even the Apostle Paul’s ministry was examined in depth by the wise (“Now these were more noble-minded than those in Thessalonica, for they received the word with great eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.” ―Acts 17:11) So much more so are we to examine the teachings of all men—even the “great-sounding” ones— because we have been repeatedly warned that there will be false prophets and teachers in the church. By what biblical standard are you engaging spiritual discernment? 1But false prophets also arose among [Read v.1-3] the people, just as there will also be false teachers among you, who will secretly Q: Who are “the people” in verse 1, and who are the “false prophets” introduce destructive heresies, even among the people? What is Peter’s warning to his readers? denying the Master who bought them, A: Peter’s referring to Israel, and the historical fact that there has always bringing swift destruction upon 2 been a problem with false teachers. God’s Law is clear as to how to themselves. Many will follow their handle them. (Examples: Deuteronomy 13:1-18; Jeremiah 23; Matthew sensuality, and because of them the way 3 23:1-36; 24:4,5; Galatians 3:1,2.) Peter’s warning is false prophets and of the truth will be maligned; and in their teachers are going to rise up among God’s people no matter what. greed they will exploit you with false words; their judgment from long ago is not idle, and their destruction is not Application: What are some modern-day examples of false prophets and false asleep.
    [Show full text]