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Pdf: Außenpolitischer Bericht 2000 Die Politiken der Europäischen Union A. Österreich in der Europäischen Union I. Die Politiken der Europäischen Union 1. Die Rolle Österreichs in den Europäischen Institutionen Als Mitglied der Europäischen Union ist Österreich in allen Organen und In- stitutionen der Union vertreten. Mitglied der amtierenden Europäischen Kommission, die am 15. September 1999 bestellt wurde, ist Franz Fischler, dessen Portefeuille die Bereiche Landwirtschaft, ländliche Entwicklung und Fischereifragen umfasst. Beim Europäischen Gerichtshof (EuGH) und beim Europäischen Gericht ers- ter Instanz (EuGe I) stellt Österreich mit Peter Jann und Josef Azizi je einen Richter und mit Christine Stix-Hackl auch erstmals eine Generalanwältin beim EuGH. Österreichisches Mitglied im Europäischen Rechnungshof ist Hubert Weber. 1.1. Europäischer Gerichtshof (EuGH) und Gerichtshof Erster Instanz (EuGe I) Die Vertretung der Republik Österreich vor dem EuGH und dem EuGe I wird von Prozessbevollmächtigten des Verfassungsdienstes des Bundeskanzler- amtes (BKA) wahrgenommen. Im Jahr 2000 behandelte der EuGH 33 neue Vorabentscheidungsverfahren österreichischer Gerichte (Anrufung des EuGH durch ein nationales Gericht wegen Auslegung von Gemeinschafts- recht). Bis Ende 2000 waren zehn Verfahren gegen die Republik Österreich wegen behaupteter Verstöße gegen Gemeinschaftsrecht anhängig: Diese Vertrags- verletzungsverfahren betreffen Luftverkehrsabkommen mit den USA (Open Skies), die Richtlinie 95/47/EG über Fernsehsignalnormen, die Preisfestset- zung bei Arzneimitteln für den menschlichen Gebrauch, die Richtlinie 97/13/EG betreffend Lizenzen im Bereich der Telekommunikation, die Richtlinien 95/30/EG, 97/59/EG und 97/65/EG über den Schutz der Arbeit- nehmer gegen Gefährdung mit biologischen Arbeitsstoffen, das Inverkehr- bringen von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln, das Verbot gesundheitsbezogener Angaben gemäß § 9 und § 18 LebensmittelG und die Richtlinie 96/82/EG über Unfälle mit gefährlichen Stoffen. Im Verfahren C-205/98 (Brenner- maut) erging am 26. September 2000 das Urteil des EuGH. Nach Klagerück- nahme der Kommission wurden sieben Verfahren eingestellt. In weiteren zwei Fällen stellte die Kommission einen Antrag auf Klagerücknahme. 1.2. Europäisches Parlament (EP) Im Jahr 2000 fanden zwölf ordentliche Plenartagungen des EP in Straßburg sowie sechs Mini-Plenartagungen in Brüssel statt. Besonders ausgiebig be- 1 Österreich in der Europäischen Union schäftigte sich das EP mit den Verhandlungen über den Vertrag von Nizza. In seiner Resolution vom 30. November 2000 unterstützte das EP weitgehend die Positionen der Europäischen Kommission (EK) in der Regierungskonfe- renz. In seiner Resolution vom 14. Dezember 2000 gab das EP eine kritische Stellungnahme zum Ergebnis der Regierungskonferenz ab. Das EP, das we- sentlichen Anteil an der Ausarbeitung der Charta der Grundrechte hatte, verlangte in zwei Resolutionen die Aufnahme der Charta in den Vertrag und damit ihre Rechtsverbindlichkeit. Dies konnte beim Europäischen Rat von Nizza vorerst jedoch nicht realisiert werden. Das EP nahm die Berichte über die Fortschritte der Beitrittskandidaten zur Kenntnis und forderte die EK am 4. Oktober 2000 neuerlich auf, die Verhandlungen möglichst rasch zu ei- nem erfolgreichen Ende zu bringen. Insbesondere die innenpolitische Ent- wicklung der Türkei wurde vom EP sowohl im Plenum als auch im Außen- politischen Ausschuss eng verfolgt. Das EP begrüßte am 15. Juni 2000 die weitere Entwicklung der GESVP, forderte jedoch eine Schwerpunktsetzung bei der nichtmilitärischen Krisenbewältigung. Ausgiebige Diskussionen zum Inhalt eines Statutes der Abgeordneten zum Europäischen Parlament haben zu einer weit gehenden Einigung zwischen EP, Rat und EK geführt. Die verbliebenen offenen Punkte, Abgeordnetengehalt und Besteuerung der Bezüge auf nationaler oder gemeinschaftlicher Ebene, werden weiter disku- tiert. 1.3. Ausschuss der Regionen (AdR) Der Ausschuss der Regionen ist ein beratendes Gremium und bietet ein Fo- rum für die Vertretung regionaler und lokaler Interessen im Zusammenhang mit der europäischen Integration. Der Ausschuss setzt sich aus 222 Vertre- tern der regionalen und lokalen Gebietskörperschaften der Mitgliedsstaaten (MS) zusammen. Österreich ist mit zwölf Mitgliedern vertreten. Die natio- nale österreichische Delegation wird von den neun Landeshauptleuten und drei Vertretern des österreichischen Städtebundes bzw. des österreichischen Gemeindebundes gebildet. Leiter der österreichischen Delegation war im Jahr 2000 der Landeshauptmann von Tirol, Wendelin Weingartner. Es fan- den fünf Plenartagungen des AdR in Brüssel statt. Der Ausschuss umfasst acht Fachkommissionen, in denen die Vorarbeiten für die Plenartagungen erfolgen. Wie die anderen Organe und die sonstigen Einrichtungen der Union setzte sich auch der Ausschuss der Regionen im Jahre 2000 intensiv mit der Regie- rungskonferenz auseinander. Die von ihm geforderte direkte Einbindung in die Verhandlungen und die Forderung nach Organstellung konnten zwar nicht erreicht werden. Dank einer österreichischen Initiative in der Regie- rungskonferenz konnte jedoch durchgesetzt werden, dass die Anzahl der Mitglieder des Ausschusses auch nach einer Erweiterung linear nach oben angepasst wird und Österreich in diesem Gremium somit keine Sitze verlie- 2 Die Politiken der Europäischen Union ren wird. Den inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt der Arbeiten des AdR bildeten die Stellungnahmen zu den legislativen Vorschlägen der Kommission in den Be- reichen Regional- und Strukturpolitik, Landwirtschaft und Umwelt. 1.4. Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss (WSA) Der WSA ist ein beratendes Gremium, durch das die verschiedenen Interes- sengruppen des wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Lebens in den EU-Rechtsset- zungsprozess eingebunden werden. Seine 222 Mitglieder sind organisa- torisch in die Gruppen Arbeitgeber (I), Arbeitnehmer (II) und verschiedene Interessen (III) bzw. inhaltlich in sechs Fachgruppen gegliedert. Österreich ist mit zwölf Mitgliedern vertreten. Der WSA hat im Jahr 2000 acht Plenar- sitzungen abgehalten. 2. Die innerösterreichische Zusammenarbeit mit dem Parlament und den Ländern Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Regierung, Parlament und Ländern in Ange- legenheiten der Europäischen Integration erfolgt durch die Mitwirkungs- rechte von Nationalrat und Bundesrat, die in Art 23e B-VG (BGBl 1013/ 1994) in Form von Informations- und Stellungsnahmerechten betreffend Vorhaben im Rahmen der EU verankert sind. Beschließt der Hauptausschuss des Nationalrates oder der Ständige Unter- ausschuss in Angelegenheiten der EU eine Stellungnahme zu einem Vorha- ben, das bundesgesetzlich zu regeln wäre oder das auf die Erlassung eines unmittelbar anwendbaren EU-Rechtsakts gerichtet ist, der Angelegenheiten betrifft, die bundesgesetzlich zu regeln wären, so ist das zuständige Mitglied der Bundesregierung an diese Stellungnahme gebunden und darf davon nur aus zwingenden außen- und integrationspolitischen Gründen abweichen. Der Hauptausschuss des Nationalrats hat am 14. Juni und am 6. Dezember Stellungnahmen betreffend die Regierungskonferenz über die institutionelle Reform der Europäischen Union abgegeben. Ferner gab es Stellungnahmen des Ständigen Unterausschusses zur Wasser-Rahmenrichtlinie der EU (13. April) sowie zum System von Ökopunkten für LKW im Transit durch Österreich (22. September). Die in Art 23d B-VG ebenso festgelegten Mitwirkungsrechte der Länder und Gemeinden enthalten jeweils für deren Zuständigkeitsbereiche ein analoges Informations- und Stellungnahmerecht. Außerdem ist die Möglichkeit einer Mitwirkung der Länder an der Willensbildung im Rat vorgesehen. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass die Durchsetzung der österreichischen Interessen auf ei- nem breiten innerstaatlichen Konsens beruht. Die Länder gaben im Jahr 2000 vier einheitliche Stellungnahmen gemäß Art 23d Abs 2 B-VG zu den folgenden Themen ab: Zu den Verhandlungsrichtlinien der EK für einen As- soziationsbeschluss EU-Türkei (31. Jänner), zur Verhandlungsposition Un- 3 Österreich in der Europäischen Union garns betreffend Grundverkehr im Rahmen der EU-Erweiterung (17. Fe- bruar), zum Vorschlag für eine Verordnung zur Statistik über die Abfallbe- wirtschaftung (5. September) und zum Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie über den Zugang der Öffentlichkeit zu Umweltinformationen (31. Oktober). Wie schon in den vergangenen Jahren wurden die österreichischen Positio- nen für den Ausschuss der Ständigen Vertreter (AStV) in einem wöchentli- chen inter-ministeriellen Koordinationsmechanismus abgestimmt, in dem seit dem Bundesministeriengesetz 2000 das BMaA den Vorsitz führt. Dies si- chert die Einbindung aller betroffenen Fachressorts, der Sozialpartner, der Nationalbank, der Industriellenvereinigung sowie der Länder und Gemein- den in den laufenden österreichischen Meinungsbildungsprozess. 3. Die Reform der Institutionen (Die Regierungskonferenz und der Vertrag von Nizza) Zusammen mit dem Erweiterungsprozess war die Regierungskonferenz über die institutionelle Reform zur Vorbereitung der EU auf die Erweiterung das dominierende Thema des europäischen Integrationsprozesses im Jahr 2000. Die Regierungskonferenz 2000 wurde mit einer Außenministertagung am 14. Februar 2000 unter portugiesischem Vorsitz eröffnet. Entsprechend den Schlussfolgerungen der Europäischen Räte von Wien, Köln und Helsinki be- stand ihr Mandat darin, die Größe und Zusammensetzung der Europäischen Kommission, die Stimmenwägung im Rat, die Frage der Ausweitung von Abstimmungen mit qualifizierter Mehrheit im Rat sowie „weitere notwen- dige Vertragsänderungen,
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