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Baking Pot Codex Restoration Project, Belize
FAMSI © 2005: Carolyn M. Audet Baking Pot Codex Restoration Project, Belize Research Year: 2003 Culture: Maya Chronology: Late Classic Location: Belize Site: Baking Pot Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Section I Discovery of Tomb 2, Baking Pot, Belize Tomb 2 Section II - Harriet Beaubien Excavation of the Artifacts Goals of Conservation and Technical Analysis Description of the Artifacts Goals of the Project Artifact Conservation Stabilization for Transport List of Components Conservation of Artifact R at SCMRE Technical Study of Paint Flakes Paint Layer Composition Ground Layer Composition Painting Technique and Decorative Scheme Indicators of the Original Substrate(s) Preliminary Interpretation of the Artifacts Object Types Contributions to Technical Studies of Maya Painting Traditions List of Figures Sources Cited Abstract During the 2002 field season a decayed stuccoed artifact was uncovered in a tomb at the site of Baking Pot. Initially, we believed that the painted stucco could be the remains of an ancient Maya codex. After funds were secured, Harriet Beaubien traveled to Belize to recover the material and bring it to the Smithsonian Institute for conservation and analysis. After more than a year of painstaking study Beaubien determined that the artifact was not a codex, but rather a number of smaller artifacts, similar in style and composition to gourds found at Cerén, El Salvador. Resumen Durante la temporada 2002, se encontró un artefacto de estuco en mal estado de preservación en una tumba de Baking Pot. En un principio, pensamos que el estuco pintado podrían ser los restos de un códice maya. Una vez asegurados los fondos necesarios, Harriet Beaubien viajó a Belice para recuperar el material y llevarlo al Instituto de Conservación de la Smithsonian para su conservación y análisis. -
Ancient Maya Territorial Organisation of Central Belize: Confluence of Archaeological and Epigraphic Data
&RQWULEXWLRQVLQ1HZ:RUOG $UFKDHRORJ\ ± ANCIENT MAYA TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION OF CENTRAL BELIZE: CONFLUENCE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND EPIGRAPHIC DATA CHRISTOPHE H ELMKE University of Copenhagen JAIME AWE ,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\%HOL]H Abstract 7KHPRGHOVSURSRVHGIRUDQFLHQW0D\DWHUULWRULDORUJDQL]DWLRQLQFHQWUDO%HOL]HGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPRQH UHVHDUFKHU WR DQRWKHU 'XH WR WKH UHODWLYH GHDUWK RI KLHURJO\SKLF GDWD PRVW PRGHOV KDYH EHHQ IRUPXODWHG RQ WKHEDVLVRIDUFKDHRORJLFDOGDWDDORQHDQGDUHSUHGRPLQDQWO\VLWHVSHFL¿FDVVHVVPHQWV,QYHVWLJDWLRQVLQFHQWUDO %HOL]HRYHUWKHSDVWIRXUGHFDGHVKDYHKRZHYHUEURXJKWWROLJKWVHYHUDONH\SLHFHVRIHSLJUDSKLFGDWDLQFOXGLQJ (PEOHP*O\SKV:KHQYLHZHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDODQGHSLJUDSKLFGDWDSURYLGHDQHZYDQWDJHIRU GHWHUPLQLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKH&ODVVLFSHULRGVRFLRSROLWLFDOODQGVFDSHRIWKH%HOL]H9DOOH\ Resumen /RVPRGHORVSURSXHVWRVSDUDODRUJDQL]DFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHORVPD\DVGHO3HUtRGR&OiVLFRHQ%HOLFH&HQWUDO GL¿HUHQVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHGHXQLQYHVWLJDGRUDRWUR'HELGRDODHVFDVH]GHGDWRVMHURJOt¿FRVODPD\RUtDGHORV PRGHORVVHKDQIRUPXODGRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDWDQVRORGDWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV\VHFHQWUDQSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHVREUH FDGDVLWLRLQYHVWLJDGR/DVH[SORUDFLRQHVHQ%HOLFH&HQWUDOGHODVFXDWUR~OWLPDVGpFDGDVVLQHPEDUJRKDQVDFDGR DODOX]QXPHURVDVSLH]DVFODYHTXHDSRUWDQGDWRVHSLJUi¿FRVLQFOX\HQGR*OLIRV(PEOHPD9LVWRVHQFRQMXQWRORV GDWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV\HSLJUi¿FRVSURSRUFLRQDQXQDSRVLFLyQPiVYHQWDMRVDHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUD del paisaje socio-político del Período Clásico del Valle de Belice. INTRODUCTION $ YDULHW\ RI PRGHOV RI DQFLHQW 0D\D WHUULWRULDO RUJDQLVDWLRQ KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG IRU WKH %HOL]H 9DOOH\RYHUWKHSDVWIRXUGHFDGHV,QSDUWWKHTXDQWLW\RIVXFKPRGHOVFDQEHH[SODLQHGE\WKHIDFW -
Ancient Maya Territorial Organisation of Central Belize: Confluence of Archaeological and Epigraphic Data
Contributions in New World Archaeology 4: 59–90 ANCIENT Maya Territorial Organisation OF CENTRAL BELIZE: CONFLUENCE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND EPIGRAPHIC Data CHRISTOPHE HELMKE1, JAIME AWE2 1 University of Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Institute of Archaeology, Belize Abstract The models proposed for ancient Maya territorial organization in central Belize differ significantly from one researcher to another. Due to the relative dearth of hieroglyphic data, most models have been formulated on the basis of archaeological data alone and are predominantly site-specific assessments. Investigations in central Belize over the past four decades have, however, brought to light several key pieces of epigraphic data, including Emblem Glyphs. When viewed in conjunction, the archaeological and epigraphic data provide a new vantage for determining the structure of the Classic-period socio-political landscape of the Belize Valley. Resumen Los modelos propuestos para la organización territorial de los mayas del Período Clásico en Belice Central difieren significativamente de un investigador a otro. Debido a la escasez de datos jeroglíficos, la mayoría de los modelos se han formulado teniendo en cuenta tan solo datos arqueológicos y se centran predominantemente sobre cada sitio investigado. Las exploraciones en Belice Central de las cuatro últimas décadas, sin embargo, han sacado a la luz numerosas piezas clave que aportan datos epigráficos, incluyendo Glifos Emblema. Vistos en conjunto, los datos arqueológicos y epigráficos proporcionan una posición más ventajosa en la determinación de la estructura del paisaje socio-político del Período Clásico del Valle de Belice. INTRODUCTION A variety of models of ancient Maya territorial organisation have been proposed for the Belize Valley over the past four decades. -
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ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Ancient Cultures Institute Volume XIX, No. 2, Fall 2018 A Preliminary Analysis of Altar 5 In This Issue: from La Corona A Preliminary David Stuart Analysis of Altar 5 Marcello Canuto from La Corona Tomás Barrientos by Alejandro González David Stuart Marcello Canuto Tomás Barrientos Excavations during the 2017 and 2018 field even pristine condition, with remains of and Alejandro seasons at La Corona, Guatemala, revealed red paint. As the inscription makes clear, González a limestone relief sculpture bearing the the altar is a monument commemorating portrait of a seated lord with an accompa- Chak Tok Ich’aak’s participation in a PAGES 1-13 nying hieroglyphic text (Figure 1). It was calendar ritual in the year 544 CE, on the • discovered set into the floor of an early occasion of a k’atun’s half-period. Here we In Memoriam: platform in front of the architectural com- will discuss some important details about Alfonso Lacadena plex known as the Coronitas group, one of this ruler and his connection to the wider García-Gallo La Corona’s most important architectural political world of the Maya lowlands in complexes. We call this new monument the sixth century. by Altar 5 in the designation system of La Marc Zender Corona’s sculpture (see Stuart et al. 2015). Archaeological Context PAGES 14-20 The monument bears an inscribed Long Count date of 9.5.10.0.0, firmly placing it Altar 5 was discovered during investiga- in the year 544 CE, making it the earliest tions into a small structure, Str. -
Some Observations and New Discoveries Related to Altar 3, Pacbitun, Belize
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Bronx Community College 2017 Some Observations and New Discoveries Related to Altar 3, Pacbitun, Belize Sheldon Skaggs CUNY Bronx Community College Christophe Helmke University of Copenhagen Jon Spenard University of California San Marcus Paul F. Healy Trent University Terry G. Powis Kennesaw State University How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bx_pubs/58 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Contributions Some Observations and New Discoveries Related to Altar 3, Pacbitun, Belize Sheldon Skaggs, Christophe Helmke, Jon Spenard, Paul F. Healy and Terry G. Powis The Pre-Columbian Maya city of Pacbitun, Belize (Fig. 1) is All of this changed when a new fragment of Altar 3 was distinguished by the high number of stone monuments (n- 20) discovered during the senior author's 2016 season of exca identified during the roughly three decades of archaeologi vations of the palatial group focusing on a range structure cal research conducted there (Healy et al. 2004:213). Altar designated Structure 25. This building defines the eastern 3, recovered in a cache within the main pyramidal structure side of Courtyard 1 (Fig. 2) and was cleared by a series of of the site in 1986, was one of those monuments, but, unlike axial excavations. Exposing and following walls to define the most of the others from the site, it is carved and bas a short architectural footprint oftbe structure led to the discovery of hieroglyphic text. -
The Dwarf Motif in Classic Maya Monumental Iconography
THE DWARF MOTIF IN CLASSIC MAYA MONUMENTAL ICONOGRAPHY: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS Wendy J. Bacon A Dissertation in Anthropology presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2007 Dissertation Supervisor Graduate Group Chairperson Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3292005 Copyright 2007 by Bacon, Wendy J. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3292005 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. COPYRIGHT Wendy J. Bacon 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. for my -
Papers of the 2010 Belize Archaeology Symposium
Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology Volume 8 Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: Papers of the 2010 Belize Archaeology Symposium Edited by John Morris, Jaime Awe, George Thompson and Melissa Badillo Institute of Archaeology National Institute of Culture and History Belmopan, Belize 2011 Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology is an annual publication of the Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of Culture and History, Belmopan, Belize. The journal is devoted primarily to the publication of specialized reports on the archaeology of Belize but also features articles from other disciplines and areas. Publisher: Institute of Archaeology National Institute of Culture and History Culvert Road Belmopan, Cayo District Belize Telephone: +501-822-2106 +501-822-2227 Email: [email protected] Editorial Board: Institute of Archaeology, NICH John Morris, Jaime Awe, George Thompson and Melissa Badillo Cover design: Rafael Guerra Front Cover: Image of the Dancing Maize God from the Buena Vista Vase (Line Drawing by Rafael Guerra). Back cover: Photo-Montage / collage on the back is a compilation of artefacts from the IA collection and partially based on the poster from the 2010 Symposium. Layout and Graphic Design: Melissa Badillo (Institute of Archaeology, Belize) George Thompson (Institute of Archaeology, Belize) Rafael Guerra (Institute of Archaeology, Belize) ISBN 978-976-8197-46-7 Copyright © 2011 Printed by Print Belize Limited. ii J. Morris et al. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincerest thanks to every individual who contributed to the success of our Seventh Annual Symposium, and to the subsequent publication of the scientific contributions that are contained in the sixth volume of the Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology. -
The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Southern Belize
Reports Submitted to FAMSI: Phillip J. Wanyerka The Southern Belize Epigraphic Project: The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Southern Belize Posted on December 1, 2003 1 The Southern Belize Epigraphic Project: The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Southern Belize Table of Contents Introduction The Glyphic Corpus of Lubaantún, Toledo District, Belize The Monumental Inscriptions The Ceramic Inscriptions The Glyphic Corpus of Nim LI Punit, Toledo District, Belize The Monumental Inscriptions Miscellaneous Sculpture The Glyphic Corpus of Xnaheb, Toledo District, Belize The Monumental Inscriptions Miscellaneous Sculpture The Glyphic Corpus of Pusilhá, Toledo District, Belize The Monumental Inscriptions The Sculptural Monuments Miscellaneous Texts and Sculpture The Glyphic Corpus of Uxbenka, Toledo District, Belize The Monumental Inscriptions Miscellaneous Texts Miscellaneous Sculpture Other Miscellaneous Monuments Tzimín Ché Stela 1 Caterino’s Ruin, Monument 1 Choco, Monument 1 Pearce Ruin, Phallic Monument The Pecked Monuments of Southern Belize The Lagarto Ruins Papayal The Cave Paintings Acknowledgments List of Figures References Cited Phillip J. Wanyerka Department of Anthropology Cleveland State University 2121 Euclid Avenue (CB 142) Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2214 p.wanyerka @csuohio.edu 2 The Southern Belize Epigraphic Project: The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Southern Belize Introduction The following report is the result of thirteen years of extensive and thorough epigraphic investigations of the hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Maya Mountains region of southern Belize. The carved monuments of the Toledo and Stann Creek Districts of southern Belize are perhaps one of the least understood corpuses in the entire Maya Lowlands and are best known today because of their unusual style of hieroglyphic syntax and iconographic themes. Recent archaeological and epigraphic evidence now suggests that this region may have played a critical role in the overall development, expansion, and decline of Classic Maya civilization (see Dunham et al. -
Detection of Maya Ruins by Lidar: Applications, Case Study, and Issues
Chapter 22 Detection of Maya Ruins by LiDAR: Applications, Case Study, and Issues Arlen F. Chase and Diane Z. Chase Abstract The study of ancient Mesoamerican landscapes and settlement has been significantly impacted in a positive way through the application of LiDAR (light detection and ranging). LiDAR has permitted the recovery of ground data from huge regional areas that are currently under a tropical canopy: the use of traditional methods of survey and mapping could never have resulted in the detailed data that are available through LiDAR. The analyses of LiDAR data are a conjunctive task that involves archaeologists with physicists and computer scientists. This interdisciplinary effort is producing new results and interpretations for all fields, but has also raised issues that need resolution, particularly involving data storage and distribution. LiDAR has already transformed the way in which Mesoamerican settlement survey is done, and future collection of LiDAR data will benefit Mesoamerica through helping to preserve a landscape of the past. Keywords LiDAR • Settlement archaeology • Landscape archaeology • Maya • Mesoamerica 22.1 Introduction For the ancient Maya area, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) has replaced all other remote sensing technologies as the most desirable tool for researching ancient settlement systems. In its ability to penetrate the tropical and subtropical canopy to reveal large areas of settlement, LiDAR is revolutionizing our understanding of the ancient Maya landscape and use of space (Chase et al. 2012). It is providing the means to study site size and population density, as well as large- and small-scale land modifications. Given the general absence of preexisting government or industry A.F. -
Excavations and Interpretation of Two Ancient Maya Salt-Work Mounds
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2015 Excavations and Interpretation of Two Ancient Maya Salt-Work Mounds, Paynes Creek National Park, Toledo District, Belize Rachel Mariah Watson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Watson, Rachel Mariah, "Excavations and Interpretation of Two Ancient Maya Salt-Work Mounds, Paynes Creek National Park, Toledo District, Belize" (2015). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1579. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1579 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. EXCAVATIONS AND INTERPRETATION OF TWO ANCIENT MAYA SALT- WORK MOUNDS, PAYNES CREEK NATIONAL PARK, TOLEDO DISTRICT, BELIZE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Rachel M. Watson B.A., Louisiana State University, 1996 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1999 August 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A portion of this research was made possible by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1026796 to H. McKillop, K. McKee, H. Roberts, and T. Winemiller under permits from the Belize government Institute of Archaeology. Additional field research support was provided by Louisiana State University, via the Robert C. -
Revisiting the Xunantunich Palace: the 2003 Excavations
FAMSI © 2005: Jason Yaeger Revisiting the Xunantunich Palace: The 2003 Excavations Research Year: 2003 Culture: Maya Chronology: Late Classic Location: Belize Site: Xunantunich Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Introduction Xunantunich and the Upper Belize River Valley Excavations in the Xunantunich Palace Objectives Methodology Findings I. Initial Construction of Plaza A-III and Associated Structures, including Str. A-11 II. Changing Access to the Upper Building III. Dismantling and Filling the Flanking Rooms of the Lower Building IV. Remodeling the Frontal Terrace and Stairway V. Dismantling and Filling the Central Room of the Lower Building VI. Abandonment Conclusions Acknowledgements List of Figures Sources Cited Abstract The Xunantunich Archaeological Project (1991-1997) excavated significant portions of the palace complex, including the ruler’s residence and adjacent structures. In 2003, the Xunantunich Palace Excavations program continued clearing the frontal terrace and lower building of Str. A-11, the ruler’s residence. This report synthesizes those two sets of data, with a focus on results of the most recent excavations. I use the data to reconstruct the occupation history of the palace and changes in access patterns and use of different structures. This in turn illuminates Xunantunich’s changing political organization. The palace complex’s simple layout and absence of features like a royal throne suggest that it housed an abbreviated elite court, politically dependent on another polity, likely Naranjo. The palace’s location at the cosmologically powerful northern edge of the site associated its residents with revered ancestors and the celestial realm, and the palace’s built environment created a series of architectural spaces that structured interaction between the polity’s residents and its ruling elite. -
Modeling Variability in Classic Maya Intermediate Elite Political Strategies T Through Multivariate Analysis of Settlement Patterns ⁎ John P
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 55 (2019) 101074 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Modeling variability in Classic Maya intermediate elite political strategies T through multivariate analysis of settlement patterns ⁎ John P. Waldena, , Claire E. Ebertb, Julie A. Hoggarthc, Shane M. Montgomeryd, Jaime J. Aweb a Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, 3302 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA b Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, 5 E. McConnell Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA c Department of Anthropology & Institute of Archaeology, Baylor University, One Bear Place No. 97173, Waco, TX 76798, USA d Cornerstone Environmental Consulting, 320 N. Leroux St., Suite A, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Intermediate elites played pivotal roles in the political dynamics of ancient complex societies across the world. In Intermediate elites the Classic period (CE 250–900/1000) Maya lowlands, intermediate elites acted as mediators between apical Political strategies rulers and lower status commoners. These individuals and the political strategies they employed, however, have Classic Period Maya rarely taken center stage in reconstructions of Classic Maya politics. In this paper, we evaluate the role of Settlement hierarchies intermediate elites who occupied the middle level of the settlement hierarchy of the Belize River Valley of west- Multidimensional scaling central Belize. Multivariate statistical analyses of architectural variables (n = 24) across 35 sites identified five Hierarchical cluster analysis hierarchically arranged groups of settlement types. Groups 2 and 3 are associated with intermediate elites, with Group 2 being large specialized centers with ballcourts, causeways, terminus groups and multiple plazas.