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Merkur, Mars, Minerva Und Co Merkur, Mars, Minerva und Co. – Zur Frage nach dem Einfluss der römischen Religion im germanischen Barbaricum Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Miriam Jolien Blümel aus Köln Bonn 2020 Merkur, Mars, Minerva und Co. – Zur Frage nach dem Einfluss der römischen Religion im germanischen Barbaricum Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Miriam Jolien Blümel aus Köln Bonn 2020 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Frank Rumscheid (Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Rudolf Simek (Betreuer und Erstgutachter) Prof. Dr. Michael Schmauder (Zweitgutachter) Hon. Prof. Arnulf Krause (weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.7.2020 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite Teil I I. Einführung .......................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Begriffsdefinition Germanen/Germanien und mögliche Transferwege von römischen Gütern ins germanische Barbaricum ................................... 12 1.2. Die Rolle der germanischen Eliten ............................................................... 18 1.3. Römisches Pantheon und römische Religionsausübung seit der Kaiserzeit bis zum Niedergang des Römischen Reiches ............................................... 20 1.4. Schnittstelle Römer und Germanen: Religion in den germanischen Provinzen ..................................................... 25 1.5. Schriftliche und archäologische Überlieferungen zu germanischen Göttern und Kulten in der Vor- und Frühgeschichte .................................... 31 Teil II II. Das römische Fundmaterial im germanischen Barbaricum mit der Darstellung von mythologischen Motiven .................................................. 39 2.1. Mythologische Bronzestatuetten .................................................................. 41 Merkur ...................................................................................................................... 45 Mars .......................................................................................................................... 77 Jupiter ....................................................................................................................... 97 Apollo ..................................................................................................................... 109 Hercules .................................................................................................................. 114 Laren ....................................................................................................................... 117 Genius ..................................................................................................................... 121 Aktaion ................................................................................................................... 123 Amor ....................................................................................................................... 125 Bacchus .................................................................................................................. 128 Satyr ....................................................................................................................... 130 Sol Invictus ............................................................................................................. 132 Minerva .................................................................................................................. 135 Isis .......................................................................................................................... 141 Isis-Fortuna ............................................................................................................. 146 Fortuna ................................................................................................................... 147 Victoria ................................................................................................................... 151 Juno ........................................................................................................................ 155 Venus ...................................................................................................................... 157 Matrone/Mater ........................................................................................................ 160 2.2. Mythologische Bronze-Büsten ................................................................... 164 1. Jupiter-Büste aus Hostrup (Aabenraa/Apenrade, Dänemark) .......................... 165 2. Apollo-Büste aus Adersleben (Kr. Halberstadt, Sachsen-Anhalt) ................... 166 3. Attis-Büste aus Edendorf (Bienenbüttel, Lkr. Uelzen, Niedersachsen) ........... 167 4. Bacchus-Büste aus Kamen-Westick (Kr. Unna, Nordrhein-Westfalen) .......... 168 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite 5. Bacchus-Büste aus Miedum (gem. Leeuwarden, Friesland, Niederlande) ...... 169 6. Bacchus-Büste aus Friesland (nicht näher bestimmt, Niederlande) ................. 170 7. Ceres/Rosmerta-Büste aus Hallum (gem. Ferwerderadeel, Friesland, Niederlande) .................................................................................... 171 8. Büste eines Fauns aus Jeserig (Brandenburg) .................................................. 172 2.3. Römische Münzen im Barbaricum ............................................................. 173 2.3.1. Beispiele für besonders reiche Fundorte von römischen Münzen: Seeland (Dänemark) und Kalkriese (Osnabrücker Land) ......................... 177 2.3.2. Aurei aus Abrittus ....................................................................................... 178 2.3.3. Ausgewählte Befunde von römischen Münzhorten im germanischen Barbaricum .......................................................................... 179 2.3.4. Römische Münzen mit mythologischen Darstellungen aus dem germanischen Barbaricum .......................................................................... 181 Aequitas .................................................................................................................. 183 Apollo ..................................................................................................................... 192 Ceres ....................................................................................................................... 194 Concordia ............................................................................................................... 199 Diana ...................................................................................................................... 206 Fortuna ................................................................................................................... 208 Hercules .................................................................................................................. 216 Juno ........................................................................................................................ 218 Jupiter ..................................................................................................................... 221 Kybele .................................................................................................................... 224 Libertas ................................................................................................................... 226 Mars ........................................................................................................................ 230 Minerva .................................................................................................................. 235 Providentia ............................................................................................................. 247 Roma ...................................................................................................................... 256 Venus ...................................................................................................................... 262 Victoria ................................................................................................................... 269 2.4. Münzbeispiele mit der Darstellung von Kulthandlungen mit “römischen Göttern und römischen Utensilien” .................................. 279 2.5. Goldmedaillone (Multipla) ......................................................................... 280 2.6. Mythologisch verzierte Silber- und Bronzegefäße ..................................... 283 1. Kybeleschale aus Hildesheim "Galgenberg" (Niedersachsen) ......................... 285 2. Attisschale aus Hildesheim „Galgenberg“ (Niedersachsen) ............................ 286 3. Heraklesschale aus Hildesheim „Galgenberg“ (Niedersachsen) ...................... 287 4. Athenaschale aus Hildesheim „Galgenberg“ (Niedersachsen) ........................ 289 5. Silbergefäß aus Großbodungen mit Raub des Hylas (Thüringen) ................... 291 6. Silberplatte aus Altenwalde mit Wettstreit des Marsyas (Ldkr. Cuxhaven, Niedersachsen) .................................................................... 293 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite 7. Achilleus-Becher aus Hoby auf Lolland (Dänemark) ...................................... 295 8.
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