Ugmp Governance Trends Report
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or DISCERNING GOVERNANCE TRENDS IN UGANDA (2004 - 2008) UGMP GOVERNANCE TRENDS REPORT FEBRUARY 2009 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) UGMP Governance Trends Report February 2009 1 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) Acknowledgement UGMP Members would like to thank all those who made a contribution in one way or another to this report. Special appreciation goe to all the key respondents from diverse backgrounds and locations: Members of Parliament, Political Leaders from the different political divides, civil society leaders and activists, representatives from the media and the development partner community. We also would like to thank Dr. Yasin Olum, Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at Makerere University who, as Lead Researcher compiled this report. In the same vein, we acknowledge the tremendous contributions made by two Research Assistants - Anthony Kalyegira and Job Kiija who interviewed all the key respondents for this study and made contributions to drafting the report. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Moses Isooba who reviewed earlier drafts of this report and made critical comments that informed the final version. 2 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) Table of Contents Acknowledgement 2 Table of Contents 3 Acronyms 5 1. Introduction 7 1.1 This Trends Analysis Report 7 1.2 Overview of Methodology 7 1.3 A snap Shot of Trend Assessment 7 1.4 Structure of the Report 9 2. Tracking key developments and trends 10 2.1 Trends Analysis Matrix 10 2.2 Analytical Summary 17 3. A summary of field work, narrative and analysis 19 3.1 The Democratization Process 21 3.1.1 The re-adoption of a multiparty Political System 21 3.1.2 The role of Parliament and its oversight function 22 3.1.3 The conduct of free and fair elections and performance of the EC 23 3.1.4 The Operating space for NGOs in Uganda 23 3.1.5 Recommendations on Democratization 24 3.2 The Human Rights Situation 26 3.2.1 Civil and political Rights 26 3.2.2 Freedom of the Press/Media 27 3.2.3 The Equal Opportunities Commission 28 3.2.4 Family Law, Legislation on Defilement, and Domestic Violence 29 3.2.5 Recommendations on Human Rights Situation 30 3.3 Transparency and Accountability 31 3.3.1 The Fight against Corruption 31 3.3.2 Access to Public Information 32 3 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) 3.3.3 Civil Society Accountability 33 3.3.4 Recommendations on Transparency and Accountability 33 3.4 Conflict Resolution 35 3.4.1 Good Neighbourliness 35 3.4.2 Peace in North and North Eastern Uganda 36 3.4.3 Is the PRDP another Paper Tiger? 37 3.4.4 Recommendations on conflict resolution 38 4. Conclusion 39 References 40 List of Key Respondents Interviewed 42 4 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) Acronyms AG - Auditor General CEDAW - Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CEWIGO - Center for Women in Governance CMI - Chieftaincy of Military Intelligence CPA - Comprehensive Peace Agreement CSOs - Civil Society Organizations DP - Democratic Party DRB - Domestic Relations Bill EC - Electoral Commission EOC - Equal Opportunities Commission ESO - External Security Organisation FDC - Forum for Democratic Change FY - Financial Year GF - Global Fund GoSS - Government of Southern Sudan GoU - Government of Uganda ICC - International Criminal Court IDP - Internally Displaced People IMPC - Inter-Ministerial Policy Committee ISO - Internal Security Organisation LRA - Lords Resistance Army MP - Member of Parliament NGO - Non Governmental Organisation NGOs - Non-governmental Organizations NRM - National Resistance Movement NSSF - National Social Security Fund NURP - Northern Uganda Reconstruction Programme NUSAF - Northern Uganda Social Action Fund OLT - Operations Lightening Thunder PEAP - Poverty Eradication Action Plan PPDA - Public Procurement and Disposal of Assets PPOA - Political Parties and Organisation’s Act PRDP - Peace, Recovery and Development Plan RDC - Resident Districts Commissioner SPC - Special Police Constable UBC - Uganda Broadcasting Council 5 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) UCC - Uganda Communications Commission UGMP - Uganda Governance Monitoring Platform URA - Uganda Revenue Authority VCCU - Violent Crime Crackdown Unit 6 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) 1. Introduction The Uganda Governance Monitoring Platform (UGMP) is a civil society initiative started in 2004 to systematically monitor trends in governance along four key areas: the Democratization Process, the Human Rights Situation, Transparency and Accountability, and finally Conflict Resolution. Under each of the four broad areas, there are specific indicators derived originally from the PEAP Policy Matrix. These indicators are then the basis for measuring progress, stagnation or regression. Each year since 2004, UGMP members1 have released an annual governance report, the latest being in January 2009. By monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the governance situation and trends in the country, the UGMP aims to increase vigilance in demanding for corrective measures by the Government of Uganda (GoU), especially where the governance situation is appalling and consolidating areas where progress and gains have been registered. 1.1 This Trends Analysis Report This report is a synthesis of key issues from all the 5 UGMP reports released so far. The report is further strengthened with additional qualitative information mainly from analysis of other important documents and reports from government, civil society and other independent actors conducted over the last 5 years - these include governance audits done by donors, robust data sources such as the Africa Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) processes and other interlinked public and private reports. 1.2 Overview of Methodology Finally, methodologically, the report draws from tremendous insights provided from key informant interviews conducted with representatives drawn from a wide spectrum of socioeconomic and political divides, including Political Parties (both opposition and ruling party), Parliament, the academia, journalists from the media and representatives from other media agencies, civil society leaders and activists as well as officials from traditional and cultural entities and Kingdoms, the religious fraternity and the development partner community. Out of our targeted audience we succeeded in getting 66% or 2/3rd response rate. 1.3 A Snap Shot of Trends Assessment The trends analysis indicates very marginal improvements, tending to stagnation for the democratization process; overall regression in the transparency and accountability benchmarks and a degree of progress only in the conflict resolution benchmark as overleaf: 1Comprising 13 Uganda CSOs [Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment, Anti-Corruption Coalition of Uganda, Caritas Uganda, Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Association (DENIVA), FIDA Uganda, Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, Isis-Women ‘s International Cross Cultural Exchange, Kabarole Research and Resource Centre, Uganda Debt Network, Uganda Joint Christian Council, Uganda NGO Forum, Uganda Society for Disabled Children, Uganda Women’s Network] and 4 Dutch NGOs [Cordaid, HIVOS, ICCOenKerkinActie and Oxfam-Novib], Advocates for Public International Law in Uganda. 7 PROGRESS, STAGNATION OR REGRESSION: UGMP Governance Trends Report Discerning Governance Trends in Uganda (2004 – 2008) Benchmark/Area Assessment Comment (s) The Democratization Process • The opening up of the political space is probably the most remarkable gain in the period; quantitatively there is multipartyism • Qualitatively though, processes and outcomes remain poor, making the net gain on this benchmark marginal, if at all The Human Rights Situation • Serious human rights violations still being experienced especially in detention sites, but not as severe as in the baseline year. • Human rights organisations and agencies need greater support, which doesn’t seem to be forthcoming. • New frontiers of human rights (gay and lesbian rights, etc) have emerged, but society remains largely intolerant to them Transparency and • Corruption is the order of the day and Accountability remains intertwined with everyday conduct of the state. • There is neither political nor social will to fight this vice and anti-corruption agencies are either compromised or ineffectual and selective in their work. Conflict Resolution in • Progress registered in both Northern and Northern and North Eastern Karamoja regions with relative stability Uganda largely owing to the Juba Peace Talks and other peace efforts. • Government not doing enough to help rebuild infrastructure for recovery and real development. • The overall situation remains volatile with new frontiers for conflict emerging