Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Protocols Guide 2019 Contents

01 Introduction ...... 3

02 Local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community...... 5 03 Terminology when referring to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples ...... 9

04 Other terminology ...... 11

05 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander protocols ...... 13

06 Tips for effective communication...... 16

07 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags...... 17

08 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander calendar ...... 18

09 Boundaries and languages ...... 20

10 Resources ...... 21

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this Guide may contain images of people who have died.

Front cover image © First Nations Legal & Research Services Ltd 2013 01Introduction

Purpose Scope The purpose of this protocols guide is to provide This guide applies to Councillors and all employees City of Greater Bendigo employees with guidance of the City. regarding engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It provides practical advice Rationale on the appropriate use of terminology when engaging with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait The use of this guide will assist City staff to: Islander community, and assists staff to understand • Use the appropriate terminology and language; the use of Welcome to Country, Acknowledgement • Consider cultural sensitivities when engaging with of Country, Aboriginal Smoking and other protocols Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and when delivering programs and services within communities; Greater Bendigo. • Build and strengthen relationships with the local The development of this guide is a key action of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community; City’s Reconciliation Plan 2016-2019. These protocols • Understand key principles for communication when form part of a wider effort to make the City a more engaging with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander inclusive, welcoming and culturally safe environment, peoples and organisations; and and to promote respectful relationships with • Gain a better understanding of Aboriginal cultural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. protocols and traditions when developing City plans By adopting these protocols in the way we and policies, and organising events, meetings and do business and engage with community, our capital works. organisation will continue to become more culturally aware and responsive to the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities. How to use the guidelines References This guide provides information on some of the This protocols guide was developed with information important protocols of the Aboriginal and Torres sourced from the following: Strait Islander community. However, it is a general • Aboriginal Victoria guide only and is not intended to provide an • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: exhaustive list of protocols. Instead, it is designed Engagement Toolkit 2012 (Australian Human Rights to be a starting point for City staff wishing to seek Commission) further information on how to effectively engage with and build respectful relationships with Aboriginal • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Protocol Guide and Torres Strait Islander people and how to (Victoria Police) incorporate this into their areas of work. City staff • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Protocols 2012 should continue to consult with Aboriginal and Torres (City of Sydney) Strait Islander representatives about how and when • Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait to observe these and other protocols. City staff are Islander Studies also encouraged to seek the advice of staff members • Communicating with Aboriginal and Torres Strait who regularly work with and have been effective Islander Audiences 2016 (Department of Prime in their engagement with the Aboriginal and Torres Minister and Cabinet) Strait Islander community. • Helping Your Organisation To Create A Welcoming Environment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People 2014 (Inner North West Primary Care Partnership) • Maggolee: Local Government and Aboriginal Communities Working Together Working with Aboriginal communities and organisations: a communications guide (Department of Human Services); • Reconciliation Australia • Recognition and Settlement Agreement 2013 (Victorian Government and Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation)

4 02Local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community

The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community through shared moieties (totem) – Bunjil (wedge in the City of Greater Bendigo is a diverse and tailed eagle) and Waa (crow). The moiety/kinship vibrant community. It is made up of Traditional system determined the pattern for marriage between Owners and many other Aboriginal and Torres Strait individuals, clans and tribes. The five language groups Islander peoples with links to different language and of the Kulin are: Dja Dja Wurrung, Taungurung, community groups across Australia. Many Aboriginal Wadawurrung, Boon Wurrung and Woiwurrung. and Torres Strait Islanders who live in the municipality are also members of the Stolen Generations. These Dja Dja Wurrung individuals have been displaced from their traditional Country and they, along with their families, still The Dja Dja Wurrung are the Traditional Owners of a face the negative and enduring impact of these significant area of Central Victoria. Dja Dja Wurrung government policies and practices. Country extends north from the Great Dividing Range, including Mount Franklin and the towns of Creswick The City recognises the Dja Dja Wurrung and the and Daylesford in the south east, to Castlemaine, Taungurung as the Traditional Owners of the land on Maldon and Bendigo, Boort and Donald in the north which the municipality is located. west, Rochester to the north east, and to Navarre According to the 2016 ABS Census, a total of 1,847 Hill and Mount Avoca in the south west. It covers the City residents identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait catchments of Avoca, Loddon and Coliban rivers. Islander. This was an increase from 1,441 (or 1.4%) in The Dja Dja Wurrung Peoples are also known as the 2011 Census. the “Djaara” (people of the area). “Dja Dja Wurrung” translated means “Yes Yes tongue/speak”, which Traditional Owners relates to the collective language group. Djaara People speak the Dja Dja Wurrung language. The municipality of Greater Bendigo is located within the Kulin Nation. The Kulin Nation is an alliance of The Dja Dja Wurrung have a special relationship with five distinct but closely related Aboriginal nations that and connection to the land. For example, Dja Dja covers south central Victoria. Their collective territory Wurrung People experience a close cultural, spiritual, covers 2 million hectares and extends around the physical, social, historical and economic relationship Port Phillip region, the Great Dividing Range, and the with the land and waters that make up their country. Loddon and Goulburn River Valley. Before European Dja Dja Wurrung People see all the land and its settlement, five tribal groups spoke five related creatures in a holistic way that is interconnected with languages. These language groups were connected each other and with the people.

5 Following the arrival of Europeans in Victoria in the Today, the Dja Dja Wurrung People continue to early 1800s, the Dja Dja Wurrung People experienced practice their cultural traditions, celebrate their significant disruption to their traditional cultures, community, and work to achieve their aspirations for identity, economic order and wellbeing. Many Dja Dja Dja Wurrung Country and people. Dja Wurrung were forced from their traditional The Dhelkunya Dja: Dja Dja Wurrung Country Plan lands, whilst important cultural sites, waterways and 2014-2034 sets out the Dja Dja Wurrung aspirations food sources were destroyed by early settlers and for the next 20 years. www.djadjawurrung.com.au their unsustainable use of the natural environment. Successive government policies and practices also The following local governments are located on Dja made it difficult for Dja Dja Wurrung ancestors to Dja Wurrung Country: Greater Bendigo, Loddon, practice their traditional lore and customs, and Buloke, Northern Grampians, Central Goldfields, extinguished their right to stay on their Country to Pyrenees, Ballarat, Hepburn, Mount Alexander, access its resources. Macedon Ranges and Campaspe.

Map of Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation RAP Area

WYCHEPROOF MOAMA BOORT Terrick Terrick Murray River National Park ECHUCA

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BENDIGO Heathcote-Graytown National Park NORTHERN Kara Kara DUNOLLY Lake Eppalock GRAMPIANS National Park NAVARRE

Wimmera River CENTRAL MALDON MOUNT GOLDFIELDS ALEXANDER Cairn Curran MARYBOROUGH CASTLEMAINE MITCHELL Reservoir STAWELL Paddys Ranges AVOCA State Park Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park

PYRENEES KYNETON Victoria LEXTON LANCEFIELD ARARAT CLUNES MACEDON Langi Ghiran Mount Buangor HEPBURN SPRINGS State Park State Park RANGES DAYLESFORD WOODEND ROMSEY HEPBURN Coliban River ARARAT Little Coliban River Hopkins River TRENTHAM CRESWICK MACEDON BEAUFORT MAROONA BALLARAT Lerderderg River RIDDELLS CREEK GISBORNE Source: State of Victoria Lake Burrumbeet Lerderderg MOORABOOL State Park

6 GUNBOWER MapBIRCHIP of Dja Dja Wurrung Recognition and Settlement Agreement Area

PYRAMID HILL WYCHEPROOF MOAMA BOORT Terrick Terrick Murray River National Park ECHUCA

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ROCHESTER Avoca River Loddon River DONALD

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ELMORE Lake Cooper Greater Bendigo Richardson River National Park

Wehla Nature Conservation INGLEWOOD Kooyoora Park Avon River State Park COLBINABBIN ST ARNAUD

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LEXTON LANCEFIELD ARARAT CLUNES Hepburn KILMORE Langi Ghiran Mount Buangor HEPBURN SPRINGS Regional Park State Park State Park DAYLESFORD WOODEND ROMSEY Coliban River

Little Coliban River Hopkins River TRENTHAM CRESWICK MACEDON BEAUFORT MAROONA Lerderderg River RIDDELLS CREEK GISBORNE Source: Spatial data from the Victorian Spatial Data Library Lake Burrumbeet Lerderderg State Park Carisbrook and Franklinford freehold transfers BALLARATAreas of Joint Management with Aboriginal Title

Dja Dja Wurrung Recognition and Settlement Agreement In 2013, the Victorian Government and the Dja Dja The settlement includes: Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation (DDWCAC) • Recognition of the Dja Dja Wurrung as the (on behalf of the Dja Dja Wurrung Traditional Owner Traditional Owner Group on approximately Group) entered into a Recognition and Settlement 266,532 hectares of public land. Agreement. The Agreement formally recognises the • Transfer of two national parks, one regional park, Dja Dja Wurrung People as the Traditional Owners two state parks and one reserve to ‘Aboriginal title’ of central Victoria. It is the first comprehensive held by the Dja Dja Wurrung, to be jointly managed settlement under the Traditional Owner Settlement in perpetuity with the State. Act 2010 (Vic), which in its process settled four Dja Dja Wurrung Native Title claims in the Federal • Transfer of two freehold properties (approximately Court dating back to 1998. However, by entering 56.2 hectares) of particular cultural significance at into the Recognition and Settlement Agreement, Carisbrook and Franklinford. the Dja Dja Wurrung are not able to make another • Funding support to advance the cultural and Native Title claim to the Federal Court for the next economic aspirations of Dja Dja Wurrung People; 1,000 generations. and The Agreement area extends from north of the Great • Enabling Traditional Owners to take certain Dividing Range near Daylesford and includes part or natural resources within agreed limits, based on all of the catchments of the Richardson, Avon, Avoca, sustainability principles. Loddon and Campaspe Rivers. It includes Crown land More information and details on the Recognition in the City of Greater Bendigo, Lake Boort and part of and Settlement Agreement can be found at: Lake Buloke. www.justice.vic.gov.au/home/your+rights/ native+title/dja+dja+wurrung+settlement The Agreement relates only to Crown lands and waters within the external boundaries of the Agreement area.

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Taungurung The Taungurung are the Traditional Owner Group provided ongoing resources of fish and other wildlife, for the land encompassing the upper reaches of as well as plant resources. The various clan groups the Goulburn River and its tributaries north of the migrated on a seasonal basis through their territory Dividing Range. It extends from the Campaspe River dependent upon the seasonal variations of weather to Kilmore in the west, eastwards to Mount Beauty, and the availability of food. through to Benalla in the north and south to the top Like other Traditional Owners, the Taungurung Peoples of the Great Dividing Range. faced profound disruption and displacement through The traditional Taungurung Peoples consisted of the early establishment and expansion of European nine clans; however, descendants of only five of settlement. At various times, Taungurung Peoples the original clan groups remain today. The clan that were restricted to living on Aboriginal settlements and inhabited the area of Heathcote, which is part of the missions, established at Michellstown, Acheron and Greater Bendigo municipality, were the Nira-Balluk. Coranderrk, which limited movement, cultural practices and employment. Today, many Taungurung still live The Taungurung ancestors had intimate knowledge on Country and have formed a strong and vibrant of their environment to ensure both livelihood and community. sustainability. The mirnion (yam daisy) was a reliable food staple, and other plants such as the Bracken Fern The following local governments are on Taungurung (food and medicine), the Tree Fern, Kangaroo Apple Country: Greater Bendigo, Campaspe, Mount and Cherry Balert were a valuable food sources and Alexander, Strathbogie, Mansfield, Macedon Ranges, are still growing on Taungurung Country today. The Greater Shepparton, Murrrindindi and Mitchell. permanent river systems and associated floodplains

8 144°30'E Map of145°0'E Taungurung Recognition145°30'E and Settlement146°0'E Agreement146°30'E Area 147°0'E 147°30'E

INDIGENOUS LAND USE AGREEMENT S ' 0 S ° 3 ' 6 0 3 ° 3 6 3 Taungurung Recognition and Settlement Agreement Area

Mount Buffalo Agreement Area National Park Areas Granted as Aboriginal Title Mount Wombat-Garden Public Land Range F.F.R.

Heathcote-Graytown National Park 0 25 50 Mount Samaria Kilometres State Park S

Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994, MGA Zone 55 ' ° 0 S 7 ' 3

° 0 Prepared by: 7

3 Geospatial Services, National Native Title Tribunal Alpine 21/08/2018 National Park Lake Eildon National Park Data Sources: Agreement area boundaries compiled from descriptions of the following Registered Aboriginal Parties: Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation; GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation; Taungurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation; Wurundjeri Tribe Land and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council; Wandong Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation; ^_ R.P. Park and Reserve boundaries and other non-freehold land tenure Commencement data sourced from DELWP (VIC), August 2018. point Kinglake Background topography: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, USGS, National Park Intermap, INCREMENT P, NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China thedral Ca (Hong Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, © OpenStreetMap Range contributors, and the GIS User Community S State Park ' 0 S ° 3

' With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms 7 0 and where otherwise noted, this map is provided under 3 ° 3 7

3 a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ While the National Native Title Tribunal (NNTT) and the Native Title Registrar (Registrar) have exercised due care in ensuring the accuracy of the information provided, it is provided for general information only and on the understanding that neither the NNTT, the Registrar nor the Commonwealth of Australia is providing professional advice. Appropriate professional advice relevant to your circumstances should be sought rather than relying on the information provided. In addition, you must exercise your own judgment and carefully evaluate the information provided for accuracy, currency, completeness and relevance for the purpose for which it is to be used. The information provided is Source: State of Victoria often supplied by, or based on, data and information from external sources, therefore the NNTT and Registrar cannot guarantee that the information is accurate or up-to-date. The NNTT and Registrar expressly disclaim any liability arising from the use of this information. This information should not be relied upon in relation to any matters associated with cultural heritage. S Taungurung Recognition and Settlement Agreement ' ° 0 S 8 ' 3 ° 0 8 3 On 26 October 2018, the Victorian Government, More information and details on the Taungurung the Taungurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation, and Recognition and Settlement Agreement and the 144°30'E 145°0'E 145°30'E 146°0'E 146°30'E 147°0'E 147°30'E

Fileptheath: P:\G ETaungurungO_INFO\Products\VIC\ILUA\2 0Traditional18\VIA2018_001_Taungur uOwnerng_Recognition_a nGroupd_Settlement_A gsignedreement_Area_I LUaA \Mapping\GT2018_1185_NTTTMap_&_TD\2 01registration80821_VIA2018_001_MGA 55process_A3L.mxd can be found at Geotrack Number: GT2018/1185 suite of agreements under the Traditional Owner www.justice.vic.gov.au/your-rights/native-title/ Settlement Act 2010 (VIC). The Agreement formally taungurung-recognition-and-settlement-agreement recognises the Taungurung People as the Traditional Owners of central and north eastern Victoria. It also marks the first time the Victorian Government and a Traditional Owner Group have worked together to The Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation resolve native title issues exclusively outside of the and the Taungurung Land and Waters Council are Federal Court’s claims process. the Registered Aboriginal Parties for the municipality and are the voice of Traditional Owners in the The Agreement area extends approximately from management and protection of cultural heritage. See the Campaspe River in the west, through to the high page 13 for the definition of a Registered Aboriginal county around Woods Point, Mt Howitt, and Hotham Party or RAP. Heights in the east. It extends from Woodend and the ridge of the Great Dividing Range in the south, Further information on the role and services of the through to areas near Rochester, Euroa, Benalla and local RAPs can be found at: Everton in the North. Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation 1/70 Powells Avenue, Bendigo VIC 3552 To give effect to the agreements, the State must www.djadjawurrung.com.au apply to have the Indigenous Land Use Agreement registered by the National Native Title Tribunal Taungurung Land and Waters Council (NNTT), in accordance with the Native Title Act 1993. 37 High Street, Broadford VIC 3658 Until registration occurs, most of the provisions in the www.taungurung.com.au Recognition and Settlement Agreement do not come into force.

9 03Terminology when referring to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander An Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is a person Is a person or descendant from the Torres Strait of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent; Islands, which is located to the north of Cape York identifies as an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; Peninsula between mainland Australia and New and is accepted as such by the community in which Guinea. The term ‘Torres Strait Islander’ refers to he or she lives, or has lived. people of Torres Strait Islander origin, whether or not they are also of Aboriginal origin. • Always capitalise the ‘A’ in Aboriginal when referring to Aboriginal people from across Australia. The • Use upper case ‘T’, ‘S’ and ‘I’ for Torres Strait word ‘aboriginal’ with a lower case ‘a’ refers to an Islander. aboriginal person from any part of the world. It is • Never abbreviate ‘Torres Strait Islander’ as this is considered offensive when ‘Aboriginal people’ or considered offensive. ‘Aboriginal communities’ is written with a lower • The term should be used as an adjective rather than case ‘a’ within any brochures or literature distributed a noun (i.e. Torres Strait Islander community, Torres within the Aboriginal community. Strait Islander peoples). • The term ‘Aboriginal’ should be used as an adjective rather than a noun (i.e. Aboriginal people). Traditional Owners • Never abbreviate ‘Aboriginal’ as this is considered offensive. Traditional Owners are directly descended from the original Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aboriginal people or peoples inhabitants of a culturally defined area of land or Country. Traditional Owners have ongoing spiritual ‘Aboriginal people’ is a collective term for the original and cultural ties to this Country that are derived people of Australia and their descendants. However, from the traditions, observances, customs, beliefs this term does not emphasise the diversity that exists or history of the original Aboriginal and Torres Strait within Aboriginal culture and communities. Using the inhabitants of the area. term ‘Aboriginal peoples’ and adding an ‘s’ to ‘people’ • Use ‘Traditional Owner’ to refer to an Aboriginal emphasises the diversity of Aboriginal languages, and Torres Strait Islander person or group as communities, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs. defined above. • The City’s municipal boundary falls within the traditional boundaries of the Kulin Nation, with the Dja Dja Wurrung and the Taungurung Peoples being the Traditional Owners. The term ‘Djaara’ refers to the people who belong to the Dja Dja Wurrung Traditional Owner Group.

10 Koori and other terms ‘Koori’ and other terms are directly derived from Aboriginal languages and are often used by Aboriginal peoples in specific areas when referring to themselves. Note that many Aboriginal peoples from other areas of Australia reside within Victoria and still use their traditional names. Always check with the local Aboriginal community about using this type of terminology. The following words are the most commonly used in each State and Territory: • “Koori” or “Koorie”, which is a New South Wales term that is used by many Aboriginal people in Victoria and New South Wales • “Palawa”, which is usually used in Tasmania • “Murri”, which is usually used in north-west New South Wales and Queensland • “Nunga”, which is usually used in South Australia • “Yolngu”, which is usually used in the Northern Territory (north-east Arnhem Land) • “Anangu”, which is usually used in Central Australia • “Noongar”, which is usually used in Western Australia

First Nations ‘First Nations’ is an inclusive term that is used when referring to a group that make up the Aboriginal and Aboriginality Torres Strait Islander community. Government agencies and community organisations usually accept three ‘working criteria’ as proof or confirmation of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander It is recommended that staff heritage. This follows the working definition as use the term ‘Aboriginal and defined by the Federal Government. This definition Torres Strait Islander’ states that an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person is someone who is: 1. Of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent; Indigenous (Australian) 2. Who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; and ‘Indigenous people’ or ‘Indigenous peoples’ is often 3. Is accepted as such by the community in which he used as a non-specific term to describe Aboriginal or she lives. and Torres Strait Islander people. Not all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are • Avoid using the term ‘Indigenous’ as many dark skinned. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people feel the term diminishes their Aboriginality and is not It is offensive to question the ‘amount’ of Aboriginal appropriate to use. It is recommended that staff use and/or Torres Strait Islander ‘blood’ or to expect an the term ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander’ Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person to divide their Aboriginality into parts. It is particularly • The term ‘Indigenous’ is now the primary term offensive to refer to labels such as ‘full-blood’, ‘half- when referring to native flora and fauna caste’ or ‘quarter-caste’ as these labels were derived • Using ‘indigenous’ with a lower case ‘i’ can be used from past government policies and definitions of to refer to indigenous people from other parts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. These the world, and is not referring solely to Indigenous labels are considered racist and oppressive terms and people of Australia should not be used.

11 04Other Terminology

Country Elder ‘Country’ is a term used to describe a culturally Elders are highly respected members of their defined area of land associated with a particular communities and are recognised as the custodians culturally distinct group of people or nation. of cultural knowledge and beliefs passed on from Country also refers to the diverse relationships, generation to generation. Elders are chosen and deep connections and understandings that accepted by their communities as people who Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have have permission to disclose cultural knowledge and to the land and environment. beliefs. They have a significant role in preserving and passing on culture, guiding younger members of the • ‘Country’ is often used by Aboriginal and Torres community and making guiding decisions for the Strait Islander people to describe family origins wellbeing of the community as a whole. and associations to particular parts of Australia. For example, the City of Greater Bendigo is on both Dja • Always use an uppercase ‘E’ when using the Dja Wurrung and Taungurung Country. term ‘Elder’. • Use ‘Country’ to refer to a particular culturally • In some instances, Aboriginal and Torres Strait defined area of land e.g. Dja Dja Wurrung Country, Islander peoples above a certain age will refer to Taungurung Country, Wathaurung Country. themselves as Elders. However, it is important to be aware that in traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, age does not necessarily mean Community that one is a recognised Elder. Within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture, • It is important to ensure recognised Elders (or other the term ‘community’ takes on different meanings respected community representatives) are involved and refers to country, (extended) family ties and in negotiations with Aboriginal and Torres Strait shared experience. Islander communities where possible. While it is • Use the term ‘community’ to refer to Aboriginal important to negotiate with recognised Elders or and Torres Strait Islander peoples living within other respected community members, this should a particular geographical region, but remaining not replace negotiation with local Aboriginal and mindful of the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Torres Strait Islander organisations for advice and Strait Islander people within that ‘community’. direction. • An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander person may For Greater Bendigo, these organisations include belong to more than one community, such as the Registered Aboriginal Parties (Dja Dja Wurrung where they come from, where their family is, and Clans Aboriginal Corporation and the Taungurung where they live or work. Clans Aboriginal Corporation), the Bendigo and District Aboriginal Co-operative, • ‘Community’ is about inter-relatedness and or local networks such as the belonging within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Bendigo Local Aboriginal Islander cultures. Network. Nation ‘Nation’ refers to a culturally distinct group of people associated with a particular culturally defined area of land or country. Nation boundaries cannot be changed.

Clan A clan is a named, local descent group, larger than a family but based on family links through a common ancestry. A clan is a subset of a nation. While some Aboriginal and Torres Islander peoples may use this term, its usage should be respected. It is generally not appropriate for non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders to use this term and, if unsure, guidance should be sought from local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or organisations.

12 Sister / Brother / Cousin / Uncle / Aunty Stolen Generation In non-Aboriginal culture, these terms would be The term ‘Stolen Generation’ refers to the Aboriginal used to refer to familial relationships. However, these and Torres Strait Islander persons who were forcibly terms have very different meanings in Aboriginal removed as children from their families, homes and and Torres Strait communities. They are used as communities, in accordance with government policy a greeting to acknowledge a person as a sign of at the time. Children were removed by churches, respect. For example, younger members of the welfare bodies and government agencies and placed community will generally use the term ‘Uncle’ or in institutional care or with non-Aboriginal and Torres ‘Aunty’ when referring to adults as a sign of respect. Strait Islander foster families. However, this does not necessarily mean that people are related as in non-Aboriginal culture. Native Title Non-Aboriginal people should not refer to someone Native Title is the recognition under the common law as ‘Aunty’, ‘Uncle’, ‘Cuz’, ‘Sis’ or ‘Bruz’ unless you are of Australia that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander invited to do so. peoples hold pre-existing rights and interests to the land and waters. Mob Native title was first accepted into Australian law ‘Mob’ is a term that is often used to refer to a group following the High Court of Australia’s historic of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people decision in 1992 regarding Mabo v Queensland (No associated with a particular place. The term does not 2) [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1 (Mabo). Known have the same negative connotations as when used as the Mabo No. 2 decision, this decision recognised in mainstream English. that the rights possessed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people under their system of traditional • ‘Mob’ is an important term for Aboriginal and laws and customs survived colonisation. The native Torres Strait Islander peoples, and is often used title of a particular group is defined by the traditional in a friendly way to describe who they are and laws and customs observed by that group of people. where they are from. ‘Mob’ is generally used by and between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Following the Mabo No. 2 decision, the Federal peoples. Government enacted the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) • It may not be appropriate for non-Aboriginal giving statutory recognition and protection of native people to use this term unless this is known to be title. The Act also lays out the procedures for making acceptable. a claim for a determination of native title through the courts. Registered Aboriginal Parties For native title rights and interests to be recognised, it must be established that: Registered Aboriginal Parties (RAPs) are organisations that hold decision-making responsibilities under • The native title claim group have rights and the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 for protecting interests that are possessed under traditional laws Aboriginal cultural heritage in a specified acknowledged, and traditional customs observed. geographical area. RAPs have important roles and • The native title claim group by those laws and functions in managing and protecting Aboriginal customs have a connection with the land or water; cultural heritage in Victoria. RAP appointments are and determined by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage • That those rights and interests are recognised by Council. There are currently 10 RAPs in Victoria. For the common law of Australia. the City of Greater Bendigo, this includes the Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation and the Taungurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation. For more information on the tasks performed by RAPs, visit the Victorian Government’s Aboriginal Victoria website. www.vic.gov.au/aboriginalvictoria/ heritage/registered-aboriginal-parties.html

13 05 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander protocols

Welcome to Country • An Acknowledgement of Country should be given: - By the first speaker but subsequent speakers A Welcome to Country ceremony is conducted by may also choose to acknowledge the a Traditional Owner to welcome people visiting their Traditional Owners. Country. This protocol is delivered at the beginning of a meeting, event or ceremony, and is an important - At the start of all major events and public mark of respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait functions, forums, larger meetings (i.e. 10 or more Islander peoples. A Welcome to Country generally people), exhibitions, training sessions etc. takes the form of speeches of welcome, but may - At the start of meetings at which people from also include traditional dance, singing and external organisations are present. smoking ceremonies. - At the start of meetings at which Aboriginal and • A Welcome to Country should be arranged for Torres Strait Islander persons are present. all major public or significant forums and events, The following is considered appropriate wording for and especially for any function or milestone of an Acknowledgement of Country within the City of significance for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Greater Bendigo: Islander community. I acknowledge that the City of Greater Bendigo is on • A Welcome to Country can only be conducted by a Dja Dja Wurrung and Taungurung Country. representative of the Traditional Owner Group. • Always use upper case when referring to ‘Welcome I would like to acknowledge and extend my appreciation to Country’ in writing. to the Dja Dja Wurrung People*, the Traditional Owners of the land that we are standing on today. A Welcome to Country must be arranged through the Registered Aboriginal Parties (RAPs) for the Today, we pay our respects to leaders and Elder’s past, Greater Bendigo region – the Dja Dja Wurrung Clans present and emerging for they hold the memories, Aboriginal Corporation or the Taungurung Clans the traditions, the culture and the hopes of all Dja Dja Aboriginal Corporation. A set fee is required to cover Wurrung People*. costs for this cultural service. See page 8 for contact We express our gratitude in the sharing of this land, our details of the RAPs. sorrow for the personal, spiritual and cultural costs of that sharing and our hope that we may walk forward Acknowledgement of Country together in harmony and in the spirit of healing. An Acknowledgement of Country is a protocol * If staff are delivering an Acknowledgement of delivered at the opening of meetings, conferences, Country on Taungurung Country please refer to special events and official functions. It is a way for Taungurung People. other people to acknowledge and pay respects to This is the City’s official Acknowledgement of Country the Traditional Owners of the land on which they and this new wording has been approved by the Dja Dja are speaking. Unlike a Welcome to Country, an Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation as of May 2018. Acknowledgement of Country can be given by any non-Aboriginal person or an Aboriginal and Torres If time permits, however, you may also wish to cite Strait Islander person who is not a Traditional the full version of the Acknowledgement of Country Owner. It can be delivered with or without a found on page 15. Welcome to Country.

14 Acknowledgement of Country - full version

The people belonging to the Djandak, meaning Country, that we are on, through bloodline and kinship, are known as the “Djaara” or people of the area. Over time, many Djaara have come to identify as “Dja Dja Wurrung” the collective language group. We recognise that the Dja Dja Wurrung People have a special relationship with their Djandak. I would like to acknowledge and extend my appreciation to the Dja Dja Wurrung People, the Traditional Owners of the land that we are standing on today. We recognise that the arrival of Europeans in Victoria caused a rupture in the spiritual, environmental, political and economic order of Dja Dja Wurrung People. Unrecorded numbers of Dja Dja Wurrung ancestors had their lives taken in their fight for Djandak and Martinga Kulinga Murrup (Ancestral Spirits). Other Dja Dja Wurrung were forced from their traditional country. Dja Dja Wurrung ancestors struggled to maintain their way of life. Today, we pay our respects to leaders and Elders past, present and emerging for they hold the memories, the traditions, the culture and the hopes of all Dja Dja Wurrung People. In a constructive step towards reconciliation, the State of Victoria and the Dja Dja Wurrung People came together in good faith to reach this Recognition and Settlement Agreement in 2013 and to recognise the traditional owner rights under the Traditional Owner The full version is Settlement Act 2010, as a means of settlement of the Dja consistent with the Dja Wurrung native title claims. Dja Dja Wurrung Recognition and It is a means by which Dja Dja Wurrung culture and Settlement Agreement, traditional practices and the unique relationship of with the wording Djandak is recognised, strengthened, protected and taken from the promoted, for the benefit of all Victorians, now and into 2013 Recognition Statement signed the future. between the Victorian We express our gratitude in the sharing of this land, our Government and the sorrow for the personal, spiritual and cultural costs of Dja Dja Wurrung Clans that sharing and our hope that we may walk forward Aboriginal Corporation. together in harmony and in the spirt of healing.

15 Intellectual property and cultural If you are uncertain about who the Traditional copyright Owners of an area are, the following wording would be appropriate: Cultural copyright and the protection of intellectual property are key issues when working with Aboriginal I would like to acknowledge the Traditional and Torres Strait Islander communities. Aboriginal and Custodians of the land on which we are meeting Torres Strait Islander peoples are the custodians of today. I pay my respects to their Elders, past and their culture and have a right to own and control their present, and the Elders from other communities own heritage. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander who may be here today. intellectual copyright covers all forms of traditional This Acknowledgement of Country could also be cultural expression, such as traditional stories, music, delivered anywhere in Australia. dance, song, and artistic works and designs. If an employee wishes to access and make use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural materials If you are confident saying an or knowledge, it is important to gain permission from Acknowledgement of Country, relevant individuals or organisations. Some of this you can deviate from these may also be registered on the Intangible Heritage Register, in accordance with the Aboriginal Heritage options and give your own Act 2006. The relevant compliance process will need unique version – you may want to be adhered to. to recognise particular Traditional Owners in attendance or highlight Aboriginal knowledge and remuneration the relevance of the event to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples Traditional Owner cultures. are the owners and holders of their culture and knowledge. Any person who is engaged in a cultural capacity – such as performing traditional dance, Smoking ceremony music, delivering speeches, providing an artwork or participating in a project – are entitled to request A Smoking Ceremony is undertaken in Aboriginal remuneration for their time and expertise. At the communities to cleanse the space. The ceremony City, it is expected that any Aboriginal and Torres is a purification ritual and is always undertaken by Strait Islander person who is engaged by the City a Traditional Owner who has specialised cultural for their cultural knowledge should be renumerated knowledge. As per a Welcome to Country ceremony, appropriately for their time and service. this needs to be booked through either Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation or Taungurung Use of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Clans Aboriginal Corporation. images, photographs, film Sorry Business Before filming or taking photographs for inclusion in any publications or other media, including the City’s Sorry Business refers to the period of mourning own publications, written consent must always be for a deceased Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander obtained before using their image. The person must person. In many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander be completely briefed as to how the image will be communities it is offensive to refer to a deceased used and how long it will be used for. In addition: person by name or to show photographic images • Always ensure that images of Aboriginal people or of the person during the mourning period, unless persons are used in an appropriate manner e.g. that agreed to by family members. Mourning periods the image is representative of the local Aboriginal differ between communities and sometimes may and Torres Strait Islander community of Greater last for a week, a year or an indefinite period. Before Bendigo. using the name of a deceased person or publishing their image, it is essential to obtain the family’s • Many Aboriginal communities consider displaying permission. an image of a deceased person as disrespectful. Do not use these images.

16 06Tips for effective communication

All communications with Aboriginal and Torres Strait • Be aware of the considerable demands, often Islander peoples should be respectful and culturally limited resources, and time pressures placed on sensitive. When communicating with Aboriginal and the Registered Aboriginal Parties, local Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people, it is important for staff community organisations and individual community to have an awareness of the local Aboriginal and members. Torres Strait Islander community, to use appropriate • Allow sufficient (and often longer) time for language and to be aware of potential barriers to consultation with community. engagement. This may stem from poor experience in • Engage with community in a space that is dealing with mainstream organisations or the impact culturally safe, welcoming or most comfortable of past government policies and practice. for community members. Often this means General considerations when communicating with engaging with community at their workplace, a Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people include: neutral meeting space or at a venue chosen by • Demonstrate respect, this can be done through: community members. - Paying attention to and having an awareness of • Take the initiative and increase your own knowledge local protocols and traditions; and understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, heritage and issues. - Acknowledging the Traditional Owners of the land at the start of meetings, events and other public • Undertake cultural awareness training and other functions; workshops especially for Councillors and City staff. - Showing an awareness of, sensitivity and respect • Show your support by becoming involved and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures; attending local events and community activities, such as Reconciliation Week, NAIDOC Week and - Being present and listening well to community other events throughout the year. members; and • Be aware of the City’s obligations under the - Listening to and following the advice of local Recognition and Settlement Agreement to ensure community members and Elders. successful engagement. • Take the time to build trust, rapport and positive • Be aware of the City’s legal responsibility under relationships with community. the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 as, in some • Use clear and accurate language e.g. avoid instances, engagement with the Traditional Owner acronyms, technical terms and highly Group, such as Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal bureaucratic language. Corporation and Taungurung Clans Aboriginal • Always work in partnership with community and Corporation, is required under law. seek input and advice right from the start when planning and developing projects. Consultation should be ongoing.

17 07Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags

The City’s flag flying protocol includes the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags being flown permanently at the Bendigo Town Hall.

Aboriginal flag The Aboriginal Flag was designed by Harold Thomas in 1971, a Luritja man from Central Australia. It has come to represent the unity of Aboriginal people. The symbolic meaning of the flag colours are: • Black representing the Aboriginal people of Australia • Red representing the red earth, the red ochre and a spiritual relation to the land • Yellow representing the sun, the giver of life and protector

Torres Strait Islander flag The Torres Strait Islander Flag was designed by the late Bernard Namok from Thursday Island and was created as a symbol of unity and identity for Torres Strait Islander people. The flag was recognised by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission in June 1992 and given equal prominence with the Aboriginal flag. The Torres Strait Islander flag has three horizontal panels: • The green represents the land • The black represents the Indigenous people • The blue represents the sea • The white represents peace • The five points of the star represents the five major Island groups. The star also represents the navigation, a symbol of the seafaring culture of the Torres Strait The panels are divided by thin black lines and the white Dhari (traditional headdress) sits in the centre and represents Torres Strait Islander people.

18 08Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander calendar

January 26 February 13 Australia Day / Invasion Day / Survival Day Anniversary of the National Apology January 26 has multiple meanings. It is considered The Apology to Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres a day of celebration for many non-Aboriginal Strait Islander people was delivered by the, then Australians. However, for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd on February 13, 2008. Islander peoples, January 26 is considered a day of The National Apology acknowledged members of mourning. It represents invasion, dispossession and the Stolen Generations and apologised for past laws, the loss of culture and sovereignty. policies and practices and the trauma these policies have caused for Australia’s First Nation peoples. In 1938 on the 150th anniversary of the landing of the first fleet in Sydney Cove, a ‘Day of Mourning’ was organised by Aboriginal leaders in Sydney. To April 2 many since then, January 26 has become known as National Close the Gap on Indigenous ‘Invasion Day’. It represents the beginning of unlawful Health Equality Day invasion and the devastating impacts of colonisation, which are still felt by Aboriginal communities today. The Close the Gap campaign, launched in 2006, Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples involves a coalition of peak Aboriginal and Torres also choose to refer to January 26 as ‘Survival Day’ Strait Islander and mainstream health bodies, in acknowledgement of the survival of their ongoing non-government organisations and human traditions and culture. rights organisations advocating for health and life expectation equality by 2030. The day is marked by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples across the country through The Close the Gap campaign is working towards marches, rallies and concerts. The Invasion Day rally a major goal – to close the gap in health and life and Balit Narrun Festival (Share the Spirit) is held expectancy outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres annually in Melbourne. Strait Islander peoples and non-Aboriginal Australians within a generation. The first National Close the Gap Day was held in 2007 and has since become a growing national movement with events held annually across Australia.

19 May 26 June 3 National Sorry Day MABO Day Sorry Day has been held on 26 May across Australia This date marks the anniversary of the landmark since 1998 to raise awareness of the forcible removal decision made by the High Court in 1992, of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples recognising the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait from their families and homes. This annual event Islander peoples as the Traditional Owners of their acknowledges the painful effects of the forcible land for the first time. The legal case was brought removal policies and its impact on the children that by Torres Strait Islander Eddie Mabo and others, and were removed and their families. challenged the concept of ‘terra nullius’ that claimed Australia was unoccupied before British settlement. May 27 to June 3 This decision also altered the foundation of land law in Australia and led to Parliament passing the Native National Reconciliation Week Title Act in 1993. National Reconciliation Week is a national campaign, held from May 27 to June 3, to celebrate and build First Full Week of July respectful relationships between Aboriginal and NAIDOC Week Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians. It commemorates two significant milestones in NAIDOC Week is held on the first full week of the reconciliation journey – the successful 1967 July each year and is a celebration of the history, Referendum and the 1992 Mabo decision by the High culture and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Court of Australia to recognise native title rights. Strait Islander peoples. NAIDOC originally stood for ‘National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance The week is a time for all Australians to learn about Committee’. This committee was once responsible our shared histories, cultures and achievements, for organising national activities during NAIDOC and to explore how each of us can join the national Week and its acronym has since become the name reconciliation effort. of the week itself. Visit www.naidoc.org.au for exact For more information, visit Reconciliation Australia: dates and more information. www.reconciliation.org.au August 4 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day is held annually on August 4. The day was first celebrated in 1998 by the Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care, the national non-government peak body for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The day is a celebration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

August 9 International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples In 1994, the United Nations declared August 9 as the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. The date marks the day of the first meeting, in 1982, of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.

20 09Boundaries and languages

Registered Aboriginal Parties (RAPs) in Victoria

Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation Eastern Maar Aboriginal Corporation Gunaikumai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation Martang Pty Ltd Taungurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation Wathaurung Aboriginal Corporation Wurundjeri Land and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council Aboriginal Corporation Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation Indicates an area where more than one RAP exists eg. Eastern Maar Aboriginal Corporation and Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation

* This map illustrates all Registered Aboriginal Parties on January 15, 2017

Aboriginal languages of Victoria

YUYU (NGINDADJ) JARI JARI TATI TATI LADJI LADJI WEKI WEKI WADI WADI NGARGAD WEMBA WUDJUBALUK DJADJALA WEMBA

BUIBADJALI BARABABARABA YORTA BANGERANG YORTA WERGAIA DHUDHUROA BEWADJALI NGURAI-ILLAM JAGWADJALI BINDJALI WURRUNG WAYWURRU DJA DJA JARDWADJALI WURRUNG MOGULLUMBIDJ MARDIDJALI NGARIGU TAUNGURUNG GUNDUNGERRE JARDWADJALI KNENKNEN WURRUNG PIRT PIRT WURRUNG BIDAWAL NUNDADJALI DJAB WURRUNG BRABUWOOLOONG BUANDIG KEERRAY WOIWURRUNG WOORROONG KROWATHUNKOOLOONG KEE WOORROONG DHAUWURD BRAYAKOULOONG KOORNKOPANOOT WADAWURRUNG GUNAI/KǓRNAI WURRUNG TYAKOORT PEEK WOORROONG BOON WURRUNG TATUNGOLOONG WOORROONG KEERRAY- WOORROONG GULIDJAN WIRNGILGNAD DHALINANONG BRATOWOOLOONG GADUBANUD

2016 Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages. Not suitable for use in Native Title or land Claims. 21 10Resources

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Healing Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation Foundation (DDWCAC) The Healing Foundation is a national Aboriginal and www.djadjawurrung.com.au Torres Strait Islander organisation that partners with communities to address the ongoing trauma caused Dja Dja Wurrung Recognition Settlement by actions like the forced removal of children from Agreement, Department of Justice their families. www.djadjawurrung.com.au/enterprise www.healingfoundation.org.au Koorie Heritage Trust Aboriginal Victoria www.koorieheritagetrust.com.au www.vic.gov.au/aboriginalvictoria Local Aboriginal Network (LAN) and the LAN Five Australian Government Indigenous Affairs Year Plan 2016-2020 www.indigenous.gov.au The Local Aboriginal Networks (LANs) are voluntary community networks, bringing Aboriginal people Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait together to set priorities, develop community plans, Islander Studies (AIATSIS) improve social cohesion, and empower Aboriginal www.aiatsis.gov.au Victorians to participate in civic and community life. www.vic.gov.au/aboriginalvictoria/community- Bendigo and District Aboriginal Cooperative (BDAC) engagement/local-aboriginal-networks Established in 2001, BDAC delivers a range of health and social services to the Aboriginal and Torres Maggolee: Local Government and Aboriginal Strait Islander community of Dja Dja Wurrung communities working together Country, covering approximately five of the six www.maggolee.org.au Local Government Associations in the Loddon Campaspe region. NAIDOC Week www.bdac.com.au www.naidoc.org.au

Closing the Gap, Department of Prime Minister Reconciliation Australia and Cabinet A national organisation working to promote The Prime Minister’s annual report to Parliament on reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres progress in Closing the Gap Strait Islander peoples and the broader Australian community, and is involved in a number of national www.closingthegap.pmc.gov.au initiatives and programs. Dhelkunya Dja Land Management Board www.reconciliation.org.au A Traditional Owner Land Management Board Reconciliation Victoria responsible for the delivery of a Joint Management Plan for the Appointed Land under the Dja Dja www.reconciliationvic.org.au Wurrung Recognition and Settlement Agreement Taungurung Land and Waters Council between the State and the Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation. The Appointed Land www.taungurung.com.au comprises six national parks in central Victoria that Victorian Aboriginal Business Directory have been transferred to the Traditional Owners on Aboriginal Title. http://directory.business.vic.gov.au/aboriginal www.dhelkunyadja.org.au Victorian Aboriginal Corporation Languages (VACL) Djandak (Dja Dja Wurrung Enterprises Pty Ltd) www.vaclang.org.au A company solely owned by Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation (DDWCAC). Dja Dja Wurrung Enterprises Pty Ltd main purpose is conducting works in cultural heritage and environmental services and supporting the regional investment in Central Victoria. www.djadjawurrung.com.au/enterprise

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