DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES AMONG ASIAN AMERICANS IN THE U.S. WEST, 1880- 1954 By EUNHYE KWON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Eunhye Kwon 2 To my Mom and Dad 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Louise M. Newman, the chair of my supervisory committee, for her endless, stimulating, and generous mentoring. I want to thank my committee members, Angel Kwolek- Folland, Elizabeth Dale, Sheryl Kroen, Sarah Kovner, and Malini Schueller, for their stellar reading of my work. Archivists at the National Archives at Washington D.C. and at College Park, Maryland, helped me find invaluable sources for my project. The Department of History at the University of Florida generously supported my research with the 2007 Milbauer Grant for Dissertation Research, the 2008 George Pozzetta Dissertation Research Award, and the 2011 Vance Award in Women’s History. Most of all, I thank my mother and father for their loving care, which enabled me to complete my study. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................7 ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................10 2 THE LEGAL AND SOCIAL REGULATION OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN ASIAN AMERICANS AND WHITES IN THE AMERICAN WEST, 1880S TO 1930S .................38 Articulating Racial and Sexual Qualifications for American Citizenship through Regulation of Interracial Marriage between Asians and Whites ........................................43 Protecting Their Matrimony against Anti-Miscegenation Laws: Interracial Couples’ Evasion of the Laws ............................................................................................................52 Journalists’ Representations of Intermarriage between Asian Men and White Women: From Sensationalism to Exoticism, 1909–1922 .................................................................57 Progressive Missionaries and the Birth of the Survey of Race Relations, 1923–1924 ..........61 White Society’s Opinions about Intermarriage between Chinese and Japanese Men and White Women, 1924 ...........................................................................................................66 Chinese and Japanese Americans’ Opinions about Interracial Marriage, 1924 .....................71 3 CULTURAL PLURALIST DEFENSE OF INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE AND MIXED RACE, 1907–1937 ....................................................................................................77 Franz Boas and “the Questions of Race-Mixture” .................................................................83 W.E.B. Du Bois and “the Real Problem of Miscegenation in America” ...............................87 Sidney Gulick and “the American Japanese Problem” ...........................................................97 Robert Park and the Question of “Racial Hybrids” ..............................................................104 4 INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES AMONG THE FIRST TWO GENERATIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE AMERICANS, 1890–1942 ...................................................112 Marriages of Chinese and Japanese Immigrants to White Missionaries: Stereotypes and Realities .............................................................................................................................118 Public Schools, Universities, Workplaces, and Neighborhood as Locations of Interracial Relationships between Chinese and Japanese Immigrants and White Women ................122 Motivations and Expectations for Marriage involving Chinese and Japanese Immigrants and White Women.............................................................................................................126 Interracial Couples’ Relationships with Their Parents .........................................................135 Interracial Families’ Relationships with the White and Asian Communities .......................139 5 Home Life of Interracial Families Consisting of Asian Immigrant Husbands and White Women ..............................................................................................................................145 First-Generation Japanese American Women’s Marriages to White Men ...........................152 Interracial Relationships and Marriages involving Second-Generation Japanese Americans in the U.S. West before WWII ........................................................................155 5 GENDERING THE “CAUCASIAN ENVIRONMENT” OF INTERRACIAL FAMILIES: THE MIXED MARRIAGE POLICY DURING THE INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS, 1942–1945 ..............................................................................160 From Evacuation Orders to the Mixed Marriage Policy, 1942–1943 ..................................165 Camp Managers’ Understandings about the Racial Categories in the Mixed Marriage Policy, July 1942 to January 1943 ....................................................................................172 Debates over the Meaning of a “Caucasian” Environment between the WDC and Camp Managers, July to December 1942 ....................................................................................175 Challenging the Rule of Blood Quantum and Claiming a “Caucasian Environment”: Half Japanese, Half White Mothers of Three-Quarters Japanese Children ......................180 Confounding a White Patriarchal Definition of a “Caucasian Environment,” June 1943 ....188 Aftermath of the Mixed Marriage Policy, July 1943 to January 1944 .................................192 6 GUARDING THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF THEIR JAPANESE-AMERICAN FAMILIES: WHITE WIVES AND MOTHERS IN MIXED MARRIAGE FAMILIES, 1942–1954 .....198 Evacuation of Mixed Marriage Families, Spring 1942 ........................................................202 “As If I Were a Person of Japanese Ancestry”: the Status of Non-Japanese Evacuees during the War...................................................................................................................206 The Mixed Marriage Policy and Interracial Families Consisting of an Issei Husband, a White Wife, and/or Their Children ...................................................................................208 The Mixed Marriage Policy and Interracial Families Consisting of Nisei Husbands, White Wives, and/or Their Children .................................................................................212 Individual White Americans’ Sympathy with the Hardships of Interracial Families Headed by Japanese Husbands and White Wives .............................................................216 Sharing the Hardship of Japanese Americans: White Women Internees’ Camp Experience .........................................................................................................................221 Addressing the Equal Treatment of Interracial Families: Responses of the White Wives of Japanese Men to the Evacuation Claims Act of 1948 ..................................................225 7 CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................237 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................245 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................257 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EIP Estelle Ishigo Papers, Japanese American Research Project, Department of Special Collections, University Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles. MMP Mixed Marriage Policy Files 291.1, Box 28, Record Group 499, Central Correspondence, 1942–1946, Wartime Civil Control Administration and Civil Affairs Division, Western Defense Command and the Fourth Army, Records of U.S. Army Defense Commands (WWII), National Archives at College Park, Maryland. RJAR Records about Japanese Americans Relocated during World War II, created 1988-1989, documenting the period 1942–1946, Record Group 210, National Archives at College Park, Maryland. SRR Survey of Race Relations, 1924–1927, Hoover Institution Archives, Standford University. WRACF War Relocation Authority Case Files, Record Group 210, National Archives at Washington D.C. 7 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES AMONG ASIAN AMERICANS IN THE U.S. WEST, 1880- 1954 By Eunhye Kwon May 2011 Chair: Louise M. Newman Major: History My work is about the first two generations of Chinese and Japanese Americans who married whites in the U.S. West between 1880 and 1954. It was a time when interracial marriage was illegal in most of the states. From two major archival sources—the Survey of Race Relations, 1924–1927, and records about Japanese American internees during World War II—, my work finds that more than two hundred Chinese and Japanese Americans and their white spouses could circumvent miscegenation laws and lived as legally married couples in the U.S. West before the 1950s. Existing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pledge of Resistance Collection
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt7c60424f No online items Inventory of the Pledge of Resistance Collection Lucinda Glenn Graduate Theological Union Archives Graduate Theological Union 2400 Ridge Road Berkeley, California, 94709 Phone: (510) 649-2523/2501 Email: [email protected] URL: http://gtu.edu/library/information/special-collections © 2011 Graduate Theological Union. All rights reserved. Inventory of the Pledge of GTU 96-7-02 1 Resistance Collection Inventory of the Pledge of Resistance Collection Collection number: GTU 96-7-02 Graduate Theological Union Archives Graduate Theological Union Berkeley, California Processed by: Lucinda Glenn Date Completed: 2005 April Encoded by: Michele Gibney © 2011 Graduate Theological Union. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Pledge of Resistance collection Dates: 1982-1993 Bulk Dates: 1985-1989 Collection number: GTU 96-7-02 Collector: Butigan, Kenneth Michael Collection Size: 17 boxes15 feet Repository: The Graduate Theological Union. Library. Berkeley, CA 94709 Abstract: The Pledge of Resistance began in 1984 in response to the threat of U.S. invasion into Nicaragua. The national structure grew as people signed the pledge resisting the U.S. government's policies toward Central America. Signals for actions were sent out from the national center to the local groups whose members committed civil disobedience and protested policies seen as interventionist and repressive. Groups which worked closely with the Pledge included the Inter-Religious Task Force for Central America, the Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador, the American Friends Service Committee, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Emergency Response Network, and Bay Area Pledge of Resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Mixed-Race Women in the United States During the Early Twentieth Century
    Of Double-Blooded Birth: A History of Mixed-Race Women in the United States during the Early Twentieth Century Jemma Grace Carter Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in American Studies at the University of East Anglia, School of Arts, Media, and American Studies January 2020 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Abstract Often homogenised into broader narratives of African-American history, the historical experience of mixed-race women of black-white descent forms the central research focus of this thesis. Examining the lives of such women offers a valuable insight into how notions of race, class, gender and physical aesthetics were understood, articulated and negotiated throughout the United States during the early-twentieth century. Through an analysis of wide-ranging primary source material, from letters, diaries and autobiographies to advertisements, artwork and unpublished poetry, this thesis provides an interdisciplinary contribution to the field of Critical Mixed Race Studies, and African- American history. It builds on existing interpretations of the Harlem Renaissance by considering the significance of mixed-racial heritage on the formation of literature produced by key individuals over the period. Moreover, this research reveals that many of the visual and literary sources typically studied in isolation in fact informed one another, and had a profound impact on how factors such as beauty, citizenship, and respectability intersected, and specifically influenced the lives of mixed-race women.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Minnesota
    THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Announces Its ;Uafclt eommellcemellt 1961 NORTHROP MEMORIAL AUDITORIUM THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 16 AT EIGHT-THIRTY O'CLOCK Univcrsitp uf Minncsuta THE BOARD OF REGENTS Dr. O. Meredith Wilson, President Mr. Laurence R. Lunden, Secretary Mr. Clinton T. Johnson, Treasurer Mr. Sterling B. Garrison, Assistant Sccretary The Honorable Ray J. Quinlivan, St. Cloud First Vice President and Chairman The Honorable Charles W. Mayo, M.D., Rochester Second Vice President The Honorable James F. Bell, Minneapolis The Honorable Edward B. Cosgrove, Le Sueur The Honorable Daniel C. Gainey, Owatonna The Honorable Richard 1. Griggs, Duluth The Honorable Robert E. Hess, White Bear Lake The Honorable Marjorie J. Howard (Mrs. C. Edward), Excelsior The Honorable A. I. Johnson, Benson The Honorable Lester A. Malkerson, Minneapolis The Honorable A. J. Olson, Renville The Honorable Herman F. Skyberg, Fisher As a courtesy to those attending functions, and out of respect for the character of the building, be it resolved by the Board of Regents that there be printed in the programs of all functions held in Cyrus Northrop Memorial Auditorium a request that smoking be confined to the outer lobby on the main floor, to the gallery lobbies, and to the lounge rooms, and that members of the audience be not allowed to use cameras in the Auditorium. r/tis Js VOUf UnivcfsilU CHARTERED in February, 1851, by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Minnesota, the University of Minnesota this year celebrated its one hundred and tenth birthday. As from its very beginning, the University is dedicated to the task of training the youth of today, the citizens of tomorrow.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Season 77, 1957-1958, Subscription
    ^iSI Li BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA FOUNDED IN 1881 BY HENRY LEE HIGGINSON I fcg X lawnt ^v^ H MP m SEVENTY-SEVENTH SEASON *9S7- I 9S 8 Tuesday Evening Series BAYARD TUCKERMAN. JR. ARTHUR J. ANDER80N ROBERT T. FORREST JULIUS F. HALLEB ARTHUR J. ANDERSON, JR. HERBERT 8. TUCKERMAN J. DEANE SOMERVILLE It takes only seconds for accidents to occur that damage or destroy property. It takes only a few minutes to develop a complete insurance program that will give you proper coverages in adequate amounts. It might be well for you to spend a little time with us helping to see that in the event of a loss you will find yourself protected with insurance. WHAT TIME to ask for help? Any time! Now! CHARLES H. WATKINS & CO. RICHARD P. NYQUIST in association with OBRION, RUSSELL & CO. Insurance of Every Description 108 Water Street Boston 6, Mass. LA farette 3-5700 SEVENTY-SEVENTH SEASON, 1957-1958 Boston Symphony Orchestra CHARLES MUNCH, Music Director Richard Burgin, Associate Conductor CONCERT BULLETIN with historical and descriptive notes by John N. Burk The TRUSTEES of the BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Inc. Henry B. Cabot President Vice-President Jacob J. Kaplan Richard C. Paine Treasurer Talcott M. Banks Michael T. Kelleher Theodore P. Ferris Henry A. Laughlin Alvan T. Fuller John T. Noonan Francis W. Hatch Palfrey Perkins Harold D. Hodgkinson Charles H. Stockton C. D. Jackson Raymond S. Wilkins E. Morton Jennings, Jr. Oliver Wolcott TRUSTEES EMERITUS Philip R. Allen M. A. DeWolff Howe N. Penrose Hallowell Lewis Perry Edward A. Taft Thomas D.
    [Show full text]
  • Sidney L. Gulick Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8rj4gvc No online items Guide to the Sidney L. Gulick Papers © Copyright 2012 Special Collections & University Archives. All rights reserved. 2012-01-23 5500 Campanile Dr. MC 8050 San Diego, CA, 92182-8050 URL: http://library.sdsu.edu/scua Email: [email protected] Phone: 619-594-6791 Guide to the Sidney L. Gulick MS-0485 1 Papers Guide to the Sidney L. Gulick Papers 1921/1989 Special Collections & University Archives Overview of the Collection Collection Title: Sidney L. Gulick Papers Dates: 1921-1989 Identification: MS-0485 Creator: Gulick, Sidney, 1902-1988 Physical Description: 5.00 linear ft Language of Materials: English Repository: Special Collections & University Archives 5500 Campanile Dr. MC 8050 San Diego, CA, 92182-8050 URL: http://library.sdsu.edu/scua Email: [email protected] Phone: 619-594-6791 Biographical Information: Dr. Sidney L. Gulick, Jr., was born August 17, 1902, in Kobe, Japan, where his father, Sidney L. Gulick Sr., was a missionary. He earned his bachelors degree in English at Oberlin in 1923, and returned to Japan thereafter to teach English and piano at Doshisha University in Kyoto. He returned to the United States in 1924, subsequently earning his master's and doctorate degrees at Oberlin and Yale, respectively. His research focused on the fourth Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Stanhope. Dr. Gulick joined the SDSU faculty in 1945. He later was named chairman of the English Department, and in 1959 became the first Dean of Arts and Sciences. Gulick was frequently quoted in the national media during the 1950s when, as a member of the National Council of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), he spoke out against the accusations of Communist leanings that became common with the rise of Sen.
    [Show full text]
  • Luther Gulick: His Contributions to Springfield University, the YMCA
    144 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2011 Luther Halsey Gulick II, c. 1900 (Courtesy of the Springfield College Archives) 145 Luther Gulick: His Contributions to Springfield College, the YMCA, and “Muscular Christianity” CLIFFORD PUTNEY Abstract: Based largely on hitherto unpublished archival sources, this article focuses on the early life and career of Luther Halsey Gulick II (1865-1918). Gulick was among America’s most influential educators in the Progressive Era. He is best known today for co- founding the Camp Fire Girls (CFG) with his wife Charlotte. But before his involvement with CFG he taught physical education for the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) at Springfield College, Massachusetts, in the 1890s. As a professor at Springfield, Gulick achieved a great deal, and this article examines his many accomplishments, including his invention of the YMCA Triangle (the organization’s official emblem) and his role in the invention of both basketball and volleyball. The article also analyzes Gulick’s unconventional childhood, when he travelled around the world with his parents. They were Congregational missionaries who fervently hoped Luther would embrace their brand of ascetic Christianity. He preferred a religion that was more corporeal, however. This led to him becoming a leader of the “muscular Christianity” movement. Muscular Christians espoused a combination of religion and sports, although, in the Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. 39 (1 & 2), Summer 2011 © Institute for Massachusetts Studies, Westfield State University 146 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2011 end, Gulick ended up emphasizing sports over religion. Historian Clifford Putney has extensively researched the Gulick family and is the author of Missionaries in Hawai‘i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 1797-1883 (2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Kara Harpham HIST 105.01 12/18/2015 Engineering Amherst: Eugenics at Sweet Briar College Eugenics Was a Social Philosophy That E
    Kara Harpham HIST 105.01 12/18/2015 Engineering Amherst: Eugenics at Sweet Briar College Eugenics was a social philosophy that encouraged selective breeding among human populations in an attempt to create a better, more homogenous society in which to live. Eugenics encouraged reproduction in the desired population, and strove to or prohibit reproduction in the undesired population, such as those with physical or mental defects, criminals and deviants, and minorities, through laws and forced sterilization. The modern eugenics movement began in late 19th century in Britain and quickly spread to the United States. In many colleges and universities it was taught in the Biological and Social Sciences. Sweet Briar College incorporated eugenics into its academic program in 1918. In the following year, students were conducting eugenics fieldwork in Amherst County.1 The research done by these students impacted not only the residents of the local community, but the national trend in eugenics as well. The effects of the Progressive Era saw Southern women’s colleges add the study of Sociology to their curriculum.2 Sweet Briar College was no exception. Clark University alum, Dr. Ivan E. McDougle was hired by Sweet Briar to teach Sociology in 1919.3 With the addition of McDougle to the faculty, General Sociology was offered in the course catalog for the first time.4 By 1925, the Sociology Department listed more than five courses. Among these was “Population and Social Biology” which studied “the influences of heredity and environment; the production of great men and of defectives” and “eugenics.” Also offered was a course entitled 1 Segregation’s Science: Eugenics and Society in Virginia, Gregory Michael Dorr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legacy of the Gulicks, 1827-1964 Clifford Putney
    Back to a Strange Land research to examine what denominations other than one's own are doing. Besides looking at three Roman Catholic missionary In 1990, after attending the Global Forum on the Environment orders of women, three of men, and three of lay missionaries, I held in Moscow, I found myself back in the strange land of the also surveyed the policies and practices of the mission boards of United States. Arriving witha varietyof ecumenicalexperiences, the Evangelical Lutheran Church, the United Methodist Church, Iusedthemwithinmy workin the MissionResearchDepartment the Presbyterian Church, and the Southern Baptist Convention. of the Maryknoll Sisters. I continued my ecumenical involve­ In 1997 I took up residence in a Maryknoll convent in West ment, especiallyin the promotionof Common Witness and serving Haven, Connecticut. The proximity to the Day Missions Library on the Roman Catholic-Anglicandialoguefor the Archdiocese of and the other library facilities at Yale University makes research NewYork. My work involved facilitating meetings in the United almost a given. A chance sentence in an article sent me off into a States, Peru, Ecuador, and Guatemala, always observing the period of historical research concerning the only Catholic input ecumenical activity or lack thereof. In 1994 I went to Albania to into the Edinburgh Conference of 1910. The paper deals with a investigate the possibility of short-term Maryknoll presence. long-forgottenmessagesentby Bishop GeremiaBonomelli, bishop Four sisters have since served there, one for five years. of Cremona, Italy (Ecumenical Review, July 2000). I also continue After my time in the research office, I spent a semester at the to be involved in a variety of ecumenical activities, including Institute of Ecumenical and Cultural Research at St.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1927 American-Japanese Friendship Doll Exchange and the Dream of International Peace
    Copyright © 2006 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. The 1927 American-Japanese Friendship Doll Exchange and the Dream of International Peace DAVID B. HARTLEY AND KATHERINE C. HARTLEY In the introduction to his 1929 book, Dolls of Friendship, Sidney L. Gulick quoted an inscription over the gateway to an American kinder- garten in France: "We who desire peace must write it in the hearts of children."' The dream of permanent peace and friendship among na- tions was never more alive in the hearts of Americans than in the decade after the armistice that ended World War I. As seen in count- less sermons, speeches, articles, and women's club discussions fol- lowing the "war to end all wars," the desire for lasting peace resonated in the public consciousness. Never before had antiwar activists and would-be diplomats touched off such a frenzy of activity dedicated to international harmony. The Doll Messengers of Friendship project of Sidney Gulick and the Committee on World Friendship among Ghildren sent hundreds of dolls to Japan in hopes of planting the seeds of peace among its youngest citizens. The project prompted a similar goodwill gesture to- ward the United States, of whom Miss Tottori. a torei ningyo doll in the collection of the South Dakota State Historical Society, is a lovely ex- ample. Although the doll exchange was a remarkable success at the popular level, it had little influence on official diplomacy.^ In the end. 1. Sidney L. Gulick, Dolls of Friendship: The Story of a Goodwill Project between the Children of America and Japan (New York: Friendship Press, 1929).
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Missions Conference of North America
    FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA TWENTY-THIRD CONFERENCE 1 9 1 6 CONTENTS Officers and Committees ...................................... 3 Foreword by the Secretary 5 Boards and Societies Represented . •. > .' 9 Personnel . 10 Directory of Boards . 15 Statistics................................ 31 Finance C om m ittee...................... 48 Constitution 49 Program . 53 Resolutions . 56 Credentials ............. 62 Medical Missions . 63 Treasury T o p ic s .......................... 120 Board of Missionary Preparation . .139 Christian Literature . 159 Reference and Counsel . 168 Charter—Incorporation of Conference 191 Panama Congress of Christian Work . 194 Unoccupied Areas . 212 Home Base . 251 American Bible Society’s Centenary . 296 Anglo-American Communities . 299 Missionary Magazine 310 Missions and the War 313 Inter-College Board . 326 Need of Missionary Reinforcements ..... 331 Necrology .... 336 Index to Reports—1893-1916 . 339 ROM the beginning, Mr. Grant has been the Secretary F of the Conference of the Foreign Mission Boards of North America and the compiler and editor of its Annual Reports. For many years Mr. Grant bore the whole or a large part of the financial responsibility for getting out this invaluable book. To him more than to any living man belongs the credit of the organization and successful perpetu­ ation of this highly valued and widely appreciated annual as­ sembly of representatives of the Missionary Societies. Mr. Grant’s name is widely known and honored throughout the mission fields, and if, perchance, there are any who do not know him personally, we here give them an opportunity to look upon his face. It is needless to add that while Mr. Grant has supervised the preparation of this report for the press, he is not respon­ sible for this portion inserted by .the Editorial Committee of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Purity Laws in the United States and Nazi Germany: the Targeting Process
    University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 5-1-2001 Racial Purity Laws in the United States and Nazi Germany: The Targeting Process Judy Scales-Trent University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Judy Scales-Trent, Racial Purity Laws in the United States and Nazi Germany: The Targeting Process, 23 Hum. Rts. Q. 259 (2001). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/826 Copyright © 2001 The Johns Hopkins University Press. This article was first published in Human Rights Quarterly 23.1 (2001), 259–307. Reprinted with permission by Johns Hopkins University Press. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Racial Purity Laws in the United States and Nazi Germany: The Targeting Process Judy Scales-Trent* White people were, and are, astounded by the holocaust in Germany. They did not know they could act that way. But I doubt very much whether black people were astounded-at least, in the same way. James Baldwin1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ........................................ 260 II. Definitions and Proof ................................. 264 Ill. Instability within the Racial Purity System ................
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Summer, 1963-1964
    Cfanglewoo 3l r BOSTON SYMPHONY (f ' ORCHESTRA) ERICH LEINSDORF Musk Director *, ,ASl m*> (=- Berkshire Festival 1963 L (Raptured to Perfection Great performances by the Boston Symphony/The Aristocrat of Orchestras/' have been captured on Red Seal albums. Two are in the "DYNAGROOVE" system—the new recording process developed by RCA Victor. One is Ravel's Concerto in G , and the 1st recorded performance of Dello Joio's Fantasy and Variations with Lorin Hollander, pianist; the other is Mahler's 1st Sym phon y. Hear also Bartok's Concerto for Orchestra . All three exciting albums are available in Living Stereo, Monaural Hi-Fi and also on Tape. Erich Leinsdorf and the Boston Symphony Orchestra record exclusively on the Red Seal label. OYNflCHOOVE » KaVlfr# BtHt<5k | Concerto for Orchestra Dello Joio/Pantasy and Variations Mahler/Symphony No. 1 Boston Symphony Orchestra Ravel /Concerto in. 6 Boston Symphony Grch. Erich Leinsdorf Boston Symphony Oreh. / Leinsdorf Erich Leinsdorf The Aristocrat of Orchestras Lorin Hollander RCA VICTOR —Ml® (THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN SOUND Boston Symphony Orchestra ERICH LEINSDORF, Music Director RICHARD BURGIN, Associate Conductor Berkshire Festival, Season ig6^ TWENTY-SIXTH SEASON MUSIC SHED AT TANGLEWOOD, LENOX, MASSACHUSETTS FIRST WEEK Concert Bulletin, with historical and descriptive notes by John N. Burk Copyright, 1963 by Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc. The Trustees of The BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Inc. President Vice-President Treasurer Henry B. Cabot Talcott M. Banks Richard C Paine Abram Berkowitz E. Morton Jennings, Jr. Sidney R. Rabb Theodore P. Ferris Henry A. Laughlin Charles H. Stockton Francis W. Hatch John T. Noonan John L.
    [Show full text]