May 1983 Cols Photo by Gene Futt
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UNC Sea Grant a May 1983 cols Photo by Gene Futt Was the Phantorn real? Sorn etirnes he wor1dercd. S/re had never been captured, and the roundup rrlen did so/22 etirnes tell tall tales. Sonze had said s/re was a dark creature, dark and rnvsterious, l*?_"!,*:""r:f" frees . And so/ne sard s/re was the color of coppet, with sp/as/res of silver in her fi1ane and tail . Photo by NancY Davis These lines from Marguerite Henry's Misty of ChincoteaSue have struck a chord in many a boy or girl who loved the idea of wild ponies roaming free on a wind-swept seacoast island. And for generations the legends of two Maryland and Virginia islands, Chin- coteague and Assateague, have been the stuff of youthful dreaming. Less celebrated, but no less wild and romantic, are the "banker horses" of North Carolina's barrier \i:.a {-${t\$ islands. From Corolla to Carrot Island, the feral herds have made the banks their home, grazing the salty marsh grass, struggling to live where only the tough survive. Scientists call them horses, descendants of the small, sure-footed steed of Spanish conquistadors' And because of the horses' size, people Down East have for years spoken of the herds with affection as "ponies." Nobody knows exactly how they came to the islands. Did they swim to shore from 16th century Spanish shipwrecks? Did they arrive with an ill-fated Spanish colony, even before the English did? However they first came' we know that one of the first uses of the Outer Banks was for free-range graz- ing, not only for horses but also for cattle, sheep and goats. Islanders sometimes rode the horses, or worked them, or sold them away to small farms on the mainland. Grazing in Shackelford's salt tnarsh The days of the plow horse are gone' but the horses remain. On Ocracoke, they grow sleek and pretty in And now, after hundreds of years on these islands, their fenced pasture, under the care of park rangers' the future of some of these herds is in doubt, and of- Each year, they draw thousands of tourists' But on ficials face tough decisions about what should be done. Carrot and Shackleford, they roam free, unkempt and This month, Coastwatclr looks at the free-spirited mostly unnoticed, wild as the wind. horses of North Carolina's Outer Banks. 1 W --?^"t1;.,.&.,,.. ^-L M wWff ,*' -.. .-,::. .: ;,;l:;,r9;i.:,",,:a: 'q3''"'-$6,.'., Photo by Jeannetta Henninq ;3' 41 .: {t *,"' .&3.7 .-"-.. :/,li*/... 9e;, .,&. ',.'.$ , ..9. ;N*,e, ., n ra*'.. jr;\W.', d-"r a -,t4. 4' 7. & .,; ! 4|a$r.t " -7, ". ab . Ocracoke 's fiorses still bear the features of their Spanlsfi ances/ors Meet the kin: Mr. Bob, Paint and Owen K. Ballance There's a family, a special breed you But just how these Spanish horses Florses were common along the might say, who has survived, genera- got to Ocracoke is the cause of great Outer Banks during the 1600s. Many tion after generation, on Ocracoke speculation. Spanish fleets, carrying colonists used the islands to not only Isiand. While no one is sure how they cargoes of newly found American graze horses, but to graze sheep, cattle arrived there, it is believed they have riches, often traveled a route which and goats as well, says David Stick, been island residents for over 400 carried them close to Cape Hatteras Outer Banks historian. But for the years. Bringing to Ocracoke a hot- and Ocracoke. Some say one or more of most part the colonists were absentee blooded Arabian ancestry and an in- these ships wrecked, ieaving a small landlords, who did not live on the telligence born of Spanish breeding, herd that survived and flourished. And Outer Banks. It was 1715 before the family adapted to the harsh en- others believe they were ieft by an ex- Ocracoke village, then called Pilot vironment of the banks, weaving their pedition led by Sir Thomas Grenviile, Town, was established. family history intricately into the an Englishman. The horses, often called banker fabric of the island culture and history. In her search for the horses' story, horses or ponies, roamed the island in Ocracoke's first family is not Jeannetta Henning has f ound old herds, says Jim Henning. They ate human, but equine. They're a herd of histories that talk of a Spanish settle- marsh grass and drank fresh water Spanish horses, whose ancestry com- ment in 1526 in the Cape Fear region from holes they dug in the ground. bines the breeds of Arabian, Barb, An- of North Carolina. Jeannetta has Each herd had a boss mare who led dalusian and Spanish stock horse to worked with her husband, Jim, a park the herd in flight and to food, says make a horse coveted for its en- ranger, to care for the horses and has Jeannetta. The boss mare was the first durance, adaptability, strength and spent seven years researching their to eat and the first to drink. Each herd intelligence. heritage. The Spanish histories, based also had a stallion who protected the The Spanish conquistadors brought on the logbooks of exploration mares and the young, and kept the hundreds of the horses to the Americas voyages, note that 500 people and 80 herd orderly. during the early years of exploration. or 90 horses settled the area in July of The herd stallion was an excellent They took so many of Spain's prized 1526. According to the logbook, the father to his young, and the colts and stock that the Spanish emperor placed colony failed later the same year. Jean- fillies actually spent more time with a ban on further export of the horses in netta believes the horses were left the stallion than with the mare, says 1520. But by then, breeding farms had behind, and she thinks the herd even- Jeannetta. But when a young male already been set up in Cuba, Puerto tally spread up the Outer Banks. But reached two years of age the head Rico and Santo Domingo to supply the no matter how the horses arrived, they stallion drove the male out of his herd. Spanish with horses. survived, adapted and multiplied. Continued on next page human oriented," she says. "They're highly tuned, sweet-tempered and not "It was the only place I knew where the people were nervous. They'll nuzzle right up to fenced in and the horses allowed to ntn free." you. A lot of the people here on Ocracoke grew up with at least one of Henning the horses in their backyard." -lim The horses took on a new prominence in the 1950s when Boys Life magazine discovered the "It was nature's way of keeping the Howard says. By around noon on the Ocracoke Boy Scout troop was the horses from inbreeding," Jeannetta Fourth the men would herd the horses only mounted troop in the country. says. into the village and the pen that Each scout trained and cared for his Many of the Ocracoke villagers once awaited them by the school. own mount. "The national publicity owned one or more of this Spanish "There were a coupla fellas here that stirred a great deal of feeling for the herd. Some of the horses were broken caught the horses with their bare horses here on the island," Jeannetta and trained for riding, plowing and hands," Howard says. "No one says. pulling the carts that delivered grocery believes me when I tell them that. But In 1957, when the highway was built orders every Saturday, says Jeannetta. it's true. My father, Homer Howard, that ran the length of the island, the The Life Saving Service rode them to was one of 'em. They would grab the horses were corralled for the first time. patrol the beach and haul wood horses by their mane, then throw one Until then, villagers had surrounded washed up from shipwrecks. leg in front of the horse's legs so they their yards and homes with wooden Each July Fourth, islanders herded wouldn't get trampled. They'd grab fences to keep the horses out. the horses together, branding colts and their nostrils and hold on until the "It was the only place I knew where picking out some of the older horses for horse was out of wind and could be the people were fenced in and the sale or training. roped." horses allowed to run free," Jim says. Lawton Howard, who grew up on To break the horses, villagers would After the highway was completed, Ocracoke and retired there 16 years fill an old pair of pants with sand and the Boy Scout troop took over care of ago, remembers the pennings that took place it on the horse's back, Howard the small herd. The scouts looked after place next to the island's only school. says. Sometimes the islanders the horses until the late 1960s when About 15 men would leave the village blindfolded the horses to keep them the U.S. Park Service took over the late on the night before the Fourth and from kicking and rearing as they broke care because the troop had dwindled ride to the north end of the island, them. Or they stood the horses in and the expenses had become a bur- Howard says. At daybreak the men water, where it was impossible for den. would begin herding the horses them to kick, he says. When the Park Service took over southward. Some of the horses escaped Once broken the horses are a gentle the horses, the herd was on the decline.