Liquid Chromatography

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LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY HPLC Column Compound Index Hamilton HPLC Column Compound Index Look before you buy… To receive a copy of the application chromatogram(s) of interest, e-mail us at [email protected] or call us at 800.648.5950 ext. 456 Can’t find your compound inside? E-mail us at [email protected] or call us at 800-648-5950 ext. 456 and we’ll help you decide if your compound can be separated before you buy a column. If we can’t separate your compounds, you haven’t spent a dime. A 30 Acrylamide 61 Alkyl Sulfates C8 1 AAF-Modified Oligonucleotide 9mer 31 Acrylic Acid 62 Alkyl Sulfates C10 2 AAF-Modified Oligonucleotide 32 Acrylonitrile 63 Alkyl Sulfates C12 11mer 33 Acyclovir 64 Alkyl Sulfates C14 3 AAF-Modified Oligonucleotide 34 Adenine 65 Alkyl Sulfates C18 12mer 35 Adenosine 66 Allantoin 4 Acepromazine 36 Adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) 67 Allobarbital 5 Acetamide 37 Adenosine 5’-monophosphate 68 Allylcyclopentenyl Barbaturic Acid 6 Acetaminophen (AMP) 69 Alphaphenal 7 Acetate 38 Adenosine 5’-monophosphate, 70 Alphaprodine 8 Acetic Acid Cyclic (cAMP) 71 Aluminum +3 9 Acetoin 39 Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) 72 1-Aminoanthraquinone 10 Acetone 40 Adipate 73 2-Aminoanthraquinone 11 Acetophenazile 41 Adipic Acid 74 Aminoantipyrine 12 Acetophenetidine 42 Adonitol 75 p-Aminoazobenzene 13 Acetophenone 43 Adrenaline 76 p-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid 14 2-Acetoxybenzoic Acid 44 Alanine 77 3-Amino-4-Ethoxyacetanilide 15 N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene 45 Alkanesulfonates C2 78 4-Amino1-hydroxybutane-1,1- Modified 9mer 46 Alkanesulfonates C3 diphosphonic Acid Monosodium 16 N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene 47 Alkanesulfonates C4 Salt Trihydrate Modified 11mer 48 Alkanesulfonates C5 79 1-Amino-2-Methylbenzene 17 N-Acetyl-2-aminofluorene 49 Alkanesulfonates C6 80 Aminomethylphosphonic Acid Modified 12mer 50 Alkanesulfonates C7 81 4-Amino-N10- 18 Acetylcholine 51 Alkanesulfonates C8 methylpteroglutamic Acid 19 Acetylferrocene 52 Alkanesulfonates C10 82 1-Aminonapthalene 20 2-Acetylfuran 53 Alkanesulfonates C12 83 Aminooxyisobutyric Acid 21 N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine 54 Alkanesulfonates C16 84 p-Aminophenol 22 Acetyl-Glucosamine 55 Alkanesulfonates C18 85 Aminopterin 23 N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine 56 w-Alkoxy-3,5,7 ...

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Toxicity Equivalence Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER
JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER Cover photograph: © FAOemergencies JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ROME, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO/WHO. 2016. Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs. Rome. 108 pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these are or have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.
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Cyanobacterial Toxins: Saxitoxins
WHO/SDE/WSH/xxxxx English only Cyanobacterial toxins: Saxitoxins Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality and Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments Version for Public Review Nov 2019 © World Health Organization 20XX Preface Information on cyanobacterial toxins, including saxitoxins, is comprehensively reviewed in a recent volume to be published by the World Health Organization, “Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water” (TCiW; Chorus & Welker, in press). This covers chemical properties of the toxins and information on the cyanobacteria producing them as well as guidance on assessing the risks of their occurrence, monitoring and management. In contrast, this background document focuses on reviewing the toxicological information available for guideline value derivation and the considerations for deriving the guideline values for saxitoxin in water. Sections 1-3 and 8 are largely summaries of respective chapters in TCiW and references to original studies can be found therein. To be written by WHO Secretariat Acknowledgements To be written by WHO Secretariat 5 Abbreviations used in text ARfD Acute Reference Dose bw body weight C Volume of drinking water assumed to be consumed daily by an adult GTX Gonyautoxin i.p. intraperitoneal i.v. intravenous LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level neoSTX Neosaxitoxin NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level P Proportion of exposure assumed to be due to drinking water PSP Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning PST paralytic shellfish toxin STX saxitoxin STXOL saxitoxinol
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Guanidinium Toxins and Their Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels
marine drugs Review Guanidinium Toxins and Their Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels Lorena M. Durán-Riveroll 1,* and Allan D. Cembella 2 ID 1 CONACYT—Instituto de Ciencias del Mary Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 04510, Mexico 2 Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-55-5623-0222 (ext. 44639) Received: 29 June 2017; Accepted: 27 September 2017; Published: 13 October 2017 Abstract: Guanidinium toxins, such as saxitoxin (STX), tetrodotoxin (TTX) and their analogs, are naturally occurring alkaloids with divergent evolutionary origins and biogeographical distribution, but which share the common chemical feature of guanidinium moieties. These guanidinium groups confer high biological activity with high affinity and ion flux blockage capacity for voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). Members of the STX group, known collectively as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are produced among three genera of marine dinoflagellates and about a dozen genera of primarily freshwater or brackish water cyanobacteria. In contrast, toxins of the TTX group occur mainly in macrozoa, particularly among puffer fish, several species of marine invertebrates and a few terrestrial amphibians. In the case of TTX and analogs, most evidence suggests that symbiotic bacteria are the origin of the toxins, although endogenous biosynthesis independent from bacteria has not been excluded. The evolutionary origin of the biosynthetic genes for STX and analogs in dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria remains elusive. These highly potent molecules have been the subject of intensive research since the latter half of the past century; first to study the mode of action of their toxigenicity, and later as tools to characterize the role and structure of NaV channels, and finally as therapeutics.
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Development and Validation of a Novel Approach for the Analysis of Marine Biotoxins
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Cyanobacterial Toxins: Saxitoxins
WHO/HEP/ECH/WSH/2020.8 Cyanobacterial toxins: saxitoxins Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality and Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments WHO/HEP/ECH/WSH/2020.8 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/ mediation/rules/). Suggested citation. Cyanobacterial toxins: saxitoxins. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality and Guidelines for safe recreational water environments. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 (WHO/HEP/ECH/WSH/2020.8).
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