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BUDOWNICTWO I ARCHITEKTURA ISSN 1899-0665 Vol Politechnika Lubelska Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury 2016 Vol. 15(3) Vol. BUDOWNICTWO I ARCHITEKTURA ISSN 1899-0665 Vol. 15(3) 2016 Politechnika Lubelska BUDOWNICTWO I ARCHITEKTURA – Lublin, 2016 Politechnika Lubelska Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury Vol. 15(3) 2016 Politechnika Lubelska Lublin, 2016 Rada Naukowa Tomasz Bajda (AGH Kraków) Ivan Baláž (University of Economics in Bratislava) Mykola Bevz (National University Lviv Polytechnic) Grażyna Dąbrowska-Milewska (Politechnika Białostocka) Wiesława Głodkowska (Politechnika Koszalińska) Adam Goliger (The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR) Zbyněk Keršner (Brno University of Technology) Halit Cenan Mertol (Atilim University) Carlos M. Mozos (University of Castilla - La Mancha) Adam Nadolny (Politechnika Poznańska) Sandro Parrinello (Pavia University) Stanislav Pospíšil (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics) Wojciech Radomski (Politechnika Łódzka i Politechnika Warszawska) Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina (Politechnika Krakowska) Petro Rychkov (National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use) Shamsher Bahadur Singh (Birla Institute of Technology and Science) Anna Sobotka (AGH Kraków) Thomas Thiis (Norwegian University of Life Sciences) Viktor Tur (Technical University of Brest) Tim K.T. Tse (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) Kolegium Redakcyjne Redaktor naczelny: Wojciech Franus Redaktorzy Tematyczni: Stanisław Fic, Joanna Giecewicz, Anna Halicka, Piotr Jaśkowski, Jan Wrana, Jan Kukiełka, Tomasz Lipecki, Marek Łagoda, Wojciech Piasta, Jadwiga Roguska, Małgorzata Rozbicka, Elżbieta Ryńska, Bogusław Szmygin, Maciej Trochonowicz, Magdalena Wdowin, Daniel Załuski Sekretariat: Lidia Bandura Adres redakcji: Politechnika Lubelska, Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury ul. Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, e-mail: [email protected] Strona czasopisma: http://wbia.pollub.pl/pl/o-wydziale/czasopismo-budownictwo-i-architektura Publikacja wydana za zgodą Rektora Politechniki Lubelskiej Finansowana w ramach środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego © Copyright by Politechnika Lubelska 2016 ISSN 1899-0665 Realizacja: Biblioteka Politechniki Lubelskiej Ośrodek ds. Wydawnictw i Biblioteki Cyfrowej ul. Nadbystrzycka 36A, 20-618 Lublin, email: [email protected] Fundacja Rozwoju Politechniki Lubelskiej SPIS TREŚCI CONTENTS Michał Pieńko, Aleksander Robak, Ewa Błazik-Borowa: Wyzwania w budownictwie i nauczaniu inżynierów budownictwa Challenges in the construction industry and teaching civil engineers ........................................... 5 Marek Grabias, Anna Halicka, Małgorzata Snela, Jerzy Szerafin: Projektowanie konstrukcji budowlanych z uwagi na warunki pożarowe jako podstawa bezpieczeństwa ludzi i mienia w czasie pożaru obiektu budowlaneg Designing of building structures for fire conditions as a basis of people and estate during fire of building .................................................................................................. 21 Tomasz Lipecki, Paulina Jamińska: Issues of contemporary wind engineering and aerodynamics of building structures ................... 29 Nataliya Lushnikova: Approaches to Teaching Building Materials and Technologies for Energy-Efficient Sustainable Construction .............................................................................. 53 Mateusz Jabłoński, Wojciech Jaśkowski: Przegląd technik inwentaryzacji rury szybowej The usage of telemetry measurements methods in order to determine shaft tube ......................... 63 Justyna Jaroszyńska-Wolińska, Szymon Maliowski: Numerical methods in understanding reaction pathways NOx oxidation ...................................... 75 Anna Trembecka: Analiza wybranych postępowań związanych z wydzielaniem gruntów nabytych z mocy prawa Analysis of selected procedures associated with parceling out of land acquired by virtue of law .............................................................................................................................. 83 Mariola Chomczyńska, Vladimir Soldatov: Możliwości wykorzystania substratu jonitowego i archebakterii do wspomagania rozwoju roślin na gruntach jałowych Application of ion exchange substrate and Archaea organisms for enhanced plant development on barren grounds ........................................................................................... 91 Sylwia Kulczewska, Walery Jezierski: Analiza rozwiązań złożonych mostków termicznych pod względem udoskonalania ich parametrów cieplnych The analysis of complex thermal bridges solutions in terms of improving their thermal parameters ............................................................................................................... 99 Jerzy Szołomicki, Piotr Berkowski: Aqua Tower w Chicago – nieenergooszczędny ekologiczny wieżowiec (ikona modernistycznej architektury) Aqua Tower in Chicago – non-energy efficient ecological skyscraper (icon of modernist architecture) .................................................................................................. 107 4 Przemysław Brzyski, Katarzyna Świderczuk: Modyfikacja spoiwa wapiennego gipsem oraz metakaolinitem Modified lime binder with gypsum and metakaolin ..................................................................... 125 Marzena Jaromińska: Badania zmian współczynnika filtracji w zależności od wskaźnika porowatości w gruntach słabonośnych Investigation the changes of permeability coefficient depending on the void ratio in soft soil ......................................................................................................... 135 Magdalena Patro, Agnieszka Koper: Ogrody wertykalne jako efektowny element zieleni w krajobrazie zurbanizowanym Vertical gardens as an eye-catching element of greenery in urban landscape ........................... 145 Budownictwo i Architektura 15(3) (2016) 5-19 Wyzwania w budownictwie i nauczaniu inżynierów budownictwa Ewa Błazik-Borowa Katedra Mechaniki Budowli, Wydział Budownictwa i Architektury, Politechnika Lubelska, e–mail: [email protected] Streszczenie: W pracy omówiono problem zakresu kształcenia inżyniera budownic- twa w okresie intensywnego rozwoju technologii, wzrostu wymagań w odniesieniu do obiektów budowlanych oraz wzrostu oczekiwań społecznych w odniesieniu do osób pełnią- cych samodzielne funkcje techniczne. W artykule omówiono przykładowe rozwiązania zmniejszające energochłonność budynków, tematykę projektowania i wznoszenia budyn- ków wysokich z uwzględnieniem aspektów zrównoważonego rozwoju, technologie rewitali- zacji obiektów zabytkowych, które straciły swoje funkcje w związku z przemianami spo- łecznymi, zasady współpracy pomiędzy branżami oraz problem odpowiedzialności inżynie- ra budownictwa za zespoły, którymi kieruje. Wykazano, że studia powinny przekazywać taki zasób wiedzy, aby z jednej strony uświadomić inżynierowi, jak ważny jest jego zawód dla społeczeństwa a z drugiej strony mogły być podstawą do dalszego samodzielnego poszerzenia wiedzy. Słowa kluczowe: kwalifikacje zawodowe, problemy inżynierskie, nowoczesne tech- nologie, etyka zawodu inżyniera budownictwa. 1. Wprowadzenie Celem artykułu jest pokazanie rozwoju budownictwa na wybranych przykładach roz- wiązań konstrukcyjnych i technologicznych oraz wynikającej z tej sytuacji konieczności zmian w nauczaniu przyszłych inżynierów budownictwa. Przed przystąpieniem do prezen- tacji propozycji nauczania na II stopniu studiów na kierunku Budownictwo na specjalności Konstrukcje Budowlane i Technologie Ekologiczne należy się zastanowić nad tym czego należy oczekiwać od magistra inżyniera budownictwa, który ma pełnić samodzielną funkcję techniczną w budownictwie w zawodzie zaufania publicznego czyli takiego, który wpływa na nasze otoczenie oraz decyduje o naszym codziennym bezpieczeństwie. W babilońskim Kodeksie Hammurabiego, zapisanym na steli około 1750 roku p.n.e., wymienionych jest kilka wybranych zawodów i są to sędziowie, lekarze, agenci handlowi, kapłani, weterynarze oraz właśnie „budowniczy”. W odniesieniu do wymienionych zawo- dów w Kodeksie zapisano oficjalne wysokości honorariów, kary za postępowanie niezgod- ne z etosem zawodowym oraz kary i odszkodowania przewidziane za błędne wykonywanie zawodu. Zawody te charakteryzują się tym, że społeczeństwo, korzystając z usług danej branży, powinno móc zaufać wykonawcy pracy. Do zawodów zaufania publicznego zalicza się zawody o szczególnym charakterze z punktu widzenia zadań publicznych i ważnych z punktu widzenia interesu publicznego. W przypadku budownictwa to zaufanie dotyczy przede wszystkim tego, że obiekty z których korzystamy są bezpieczne a użyte materiały prawidłowo dobrane. To słowo „prawidłowo” oznacza tutaj dobór zarówno ze względów 6 Ewa Błazik-Borowa ekonomicznych jak i technologicznych a ostatnio uwzględniający także aspekty zrównowa- żonego rozwoju. Może ta tematyka nie miałyby tak dużego znaczenia, gdyby nie powszech- na obecność budownictwa w naszym życiu. Wszystkie dziedziny gospodarki korzystają z obiektów budowlanych a każdy człowiek korzysta z budynków jako swojego miejsca zamieszkania, pracy lub budynków użyteczności publicznej. Ten artykuł dotyczy głównie budownictwa kubaturowego, ale wymienione aspekty dotyczą również budownictwa komu- nikacyjnego i inżynierii sanitarnej. Fakt, że inżynier budownictwa jest zawodem zaufania publicznego oznacza, że społe- czeństwo ma prawo oczekiwać od inżyniera budownictwa, że w swojej pracy będzie kiero- wał się zasadami etycznymi i będzie brał pod uwagę dobro publiczne we wszystkich for- mach swojej działalności, tzn. podczas
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