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The “International” Skyscraper: Observations 2. Journal Paper
ctbuh.org/papers Title: The “International” Skyscraper: Observations Author: Georges Binder, Managing Director, Buildings & Data SA Subject: Urban Design Keywords: Density Mixed-Use Urban Design Verticality Publication Date: 2008 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2008 Issue I Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Georges Binder The “International” Skyscraper: Observations While using tall buildings data, the following paper aims to show trends and shifts relating to building use and new locations accommodating high-rise buildings. After decades of the American office building being dominate, in the last twelve years we have observed a gradual but major shift from office use to residential and mixed-use for Tall Buildings, and from North America to Asia. The turn of the millennium has also seen major changes in the use of buildings in cities having the longest experience with Tall Buildings. Chicago is witnessing a series of office buildings being transformed into residential or mixed-use buildings, a phenomenon also occurring on a large scale in New York. In midtown Manhattan of New York City we note the transformation of major hotels into residential projects. The transformation of landmark projects in midtown New York City is making an impact, but it is not at all comparable to the number of new projects being built in Asia. When conceiving new projects, we should perhaps bear in mind that, in due time, these will also experience major shifts in uses and we should plan for this in advance. -
Case Study: Pearl River Tower, Guangzhou, China
ctbuh.org/papers Title: Case Study: Pearl River Tower, Guangzhou, China Authors: Roger Frechette, Director of Sustainable Engineering, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Russell Gilchrist, Director of Technical Architecture, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Subjects: Architectural/Design Building Case Study Sustainability/Green/Energy Keywords: Embodied Energy Energy Consumption Façade Sustainability Publication Date: 2008 Original Publication: CTBUH 2008 8th World Congress, Dubai Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Roger Frechette; Russell Gilchrist ‘Towards Zero Energy’ A Case Study of the Pearl River Tower, Guangzhou, China Roger E. Frechette III, PE, LEED-AP1 and Russell Gilchrist, RIBA2 1Director of Sustainable Engineering, 2Director of Technical Architecture, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract Architects and engineers have a significant responsibility to ensure that the design and execution of all new construction projects be of the ‘lightest touch’ in both energy consumption, real and embodied, to ensure the longevity of the precious natural resources remain on this planet. The goal to achieve ‘carbon neutrality’ is quite possibly the single most important issue facing architects and engineers today, given the empirical evidence that construction projects far outstrip both industry and transportation as the largest contributors to carbon emissions in the world. This paper will attempt to both define what is meant by ‘carbon neutral’ in the context of building design as well as using the case study to demonstrate how such an approach might be achieved it examines the challenges of achieving a net zero energy building, both from an energy consumption perspective as well as the embodied energy of the construction. -
SOM/CHICAGO Sustainability Review
SOM/CHICAGO Sustainability Review RECENT & UPCOMING ProJects | Issue 1 SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL LLP 224 SOUTH MICHIG AN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60 60 4 Sustainable_brochure_v2_12.indd 1 10/24/07 4:12:09 PM SOM/CHICAGO SUSTAINABILITY REVIEW | IssUE 1 For additional information, please contact: SOM/CHICAGO Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP 224 South Michigan Avenue Suite 1000 Sustainability Review Chicago, Illinois 60604 T: +1 (312) 554 9090 F: +1 (312) 360 4554 E: [email protected] www.som.com PUBLISHED BY Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Copyright © 2007 by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the “Civilizations leave marks on the earth by which written permission of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP. they are known and judged. In large measure the Printed on 100% post-consumer paper, Processed Chlorine Free (PCF), FSC Recycled nature of their immortality is gauged by how well and manufactured using biogas energy. their builders made peace with the environment.” Nathaniel Owings T H E Am E R I C A N A E S THETI C ( 1 9 6 9 ) SOM/Chicago Sustainable History 1958 1979 1981 1986 1997 2002 Warren Petroleum Banco de Occidente King Abdulaziz International The Terraces at Apollo Office Building Millennium Park Master Plan Headquarters Guatemala City, Guatemala Airport - Haj Terminal Perimeter Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands Chicago, Illinois, USA Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Atlanta, Georgia, USA Local materials such as The five-story Apollo Office The Millennium Park Master To provide protection from stucco, mahogany and Using indigenous archetypes The 11-story twin atrium office Building is located in the Plan completes Daniel Tulsa’s extreme sun conditions, volcanic stone pavers, and and case studies, SOM buildings were designed with historic center of Amsterdam. -
Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects
© 2007 University of Sydney. All rights reserved. Architectural Science Review www.arch.usyd.edu.au/asr Volume 50.3, pp 205-223 Invited Review Paper Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and Future Prospects Mir M. Ali† and Kyoung Sun Moon Structures Division, School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA †Corresponding Author: Tel: + 1 217 333 1330; Fax: +1 217 244 2900; E-mail: [email protected] Received 8 May; accepted 13 June 2007 Abstract: Tall building developments have been rapidly increasing worldwide. This paper reviews the evolution of tall building’s structural systems and the technological driving force behind tall building developments. For the primary structural systems, a new classification – interior structures and exterior structures – is presented. While most representative structural systems for tall buildings are discussed, the emphasis in this review paper is on current trends such as outrigger systems and diagrid structures. Auxiliary damping systems controlling building motion are also discussed. Further, contemporary “out-of-the-box” architectural design trends, such as aerodynamic and twisted forms, which directly or indirectly affect the structural performance of tall buildings, are reviewed. Finally, the future of structural developments in tall buildings is envisioned briefly. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Building forms, Damping systems, Diagrid structures, Exterior structures, Interior structures, Outrigger systems, Structural performance, Structural systems, Tall buildings Introduction Tall buildings emerged in the late nineteenth century in revolution – the steel skeletal structure – as well as consequent the United States of America. They constituted a so-called glass curtain wall systems, which occurred in Chicago, has led to “American Building Type,” meaning that most important tall the present state-of-the-art skyscraper. -
Technical Considerations for Akhmat Tower
ctbuh.org/papers Title: Technical Considerations for Akhmat Tower Authors: Alejandro Stochetti, Director, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture Sara Beardsley, Senior Architect, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture John Peronto, Vice President, Thornton Tomasetti Marc Cerone, Director, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture Subjects: Architectural/Design Façade Design Seismic Structural Engineering Keywords: BIM Façade Seismic Structural Engineering Publication Date: 2018 Original Publication: CTBUH Journal, 2018 Issue II Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter 2. Journal paper 3. Conference proceeding 4. Unpublished conference paper 5. Magazine article 6. Unpublished © Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Alejandro Stochetti; Sara Beardsley; John Peronto; Marc Cerone Architecture/Design Technical Considerations for Akhmat Tower Abstract The 435-meter Akhmat Tower in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia, will be shaped to refer to the Nakh tower, a traditional watchtower typology in the region. A four-sided, pyramidal shape interacts gracefully with an eight-sided geometry at the base. The mixed program, complex geometry, and high seismic and wind conditions of the region demand a sophisticated design response, particularly in terms of the façade Alejandro Stochetti Marc Cerone and the structural engineering, in order to achieve a coherent, crystalline form. Keywords: Structural Engineering, BIM, Façades, Seismic Design Design Concept ground plan, formed by two intersecting squares, also has a strong cultural reference In 2014, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill to traditional geometric patterns found in Architecture (AS+GG) was commissioned to the region (see Figure 2). design a signature tower in Grozny, Sara Beardsley John Peronto Chechnya, a Republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus region, near the Caspian Sea. -
1°-2° GIORNO: GENOVA / MILANO / PECHINO Volo Aereo Torino/Pechino Capital Della Durata Di Circa 11H
Cina 1°-2° GIORNO: GENOVA / MILANO / PECHINO Volo aereo Torino/Pechino Capital della durata di circa 11h. 30 min. e 1 scalo di 1h. ad Amsterdam (KLM-China Southern) con partenza alle 11.45 ed arrivo a Pechino alle 06.15 del giorno dopo (+ 6h. di fuso orario). Pechino o Beijing, letteralmente "Capitale del nord" è una delle 7 antiche Capitali della Cina (le altre furono Nanchino, Luoyang, Xi'an, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Anyang), 3° città della Cina, 3° città al mondo (21.7 milioni di abitanti) e 8° area metropolitana del pianeta (24.9 milioni di abitanti). Mattina Trasferimento della durata di circa 40-50 min. dall’Aeroporto al Centro città distretto Dong Cheng al Novotel Beijing Peace (transfert organizzato) nella zona di Dong Cheng. Spazi pubblici Dopo un po' di relax, breve passeggiata nei dintorni dell’albergo (isolato attorno a Dongsi South Street, Dengshikou Street, Wangfujing Street e Jinyu Hutong) e nella zona dello Shijia Hutong. (EVENTUALE VISITA) Musei • Beijing Shijia Hutong Museum, nato dalla collaborazione tra la Municipalità e la Fondazione del Principe Carlo, il museo racconta la storia e lo sviluppo dell’Hutong Shijia dall’epoca Qing (1644- 1911) fino agli anni ’80. Sono esposti oggetti di artigianato, modelli, fotografie e due stanze con arredi degli anni ’50-‘60 e ’70- ’80. (10 min. a piedi dall’hotel) orari: 9:30-12:00 / 14:00-16.30 da martedì a domenica, ingresso gratuito info: https://www.chinahighlights.com/beijing/attraction/shijia-hutong-museum.htm Pomeriggio Spazi pubblici Trasferimento della durata di circa 20/25 min. verso la zona ovest del centro di Pechino per passeggiata nel parco Beihai e giro degli Hutong - vicoli o viuzze formate da linee di Siheyuan, complesso di case organizzate attorno ad un cortile)- Nanguafang, Skewed Tobacco Pouch Street, Mao’er, Nanluoguxiang e Gulou (percorso a piedi 5 min., metro linea 5 salita Dengshikou uscita C, cambio Dongsi, metro linea 6 discesa Beihai North uscita D). -
Architecture, Form, Expression. the Helicoidal Skyscrapers'geometry
Bridges 2012: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture Architecture, Form, Expression. The Helicoidal Skyscrapers’Geometry Alessandra CAPANNA Dipartimento di Architettura e Progetto “Sapienza” Università di Roma Via Flaminia 359 - 00196 Roma, ITALY E-mail: [email protected] Mauro FRANCAVIGLIA Marcella G. LORENZI Dipartimento di Matematica, Laboratorio per la Comunicazione Scientifica Università di Torino Università della Calabria Via Carlo Alberto,10 - 10123 Torino, ITALY Cubo 30b, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS, E-mail: [email protected] ITALY E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Expressionist utopia of an Architect imitating the rigorous and -at the same time- extremely bizarre formative principles of Nature, linked with the engineering “must” of a coherent and correct structure are apparent antithesis if only played as the manifestation of an irrational and uncontrolled freedom. We explore the ancient idea of Harmony and Beauty and the historical confidence in the logarithmic spiral as the symbol of perfection in an un- built project for a 565 m (1,854 ft) high skyscraper that was supposed to be built on the tip of Manhattan, NYC. The role of geometry is no more exploited as an instrument for controlling architectural form, but for its liberation: the project for a helicoidal skyscraper consisted of a succession of warped wings developed on the layout of the logarithmic spiral. The helicoidal shape, works better than the others in splitting up the force of the wind in resistance, has a positive influence on the stability of the building and is the result of a strong design theory wondering about the power of invention, the power of geometry, the power of relationships among numbers, and finally the beauty of (deriving from) mathematics (in Architecture). -
The Design of Akhmat Tower
E3S Web of Conferences 33, 01022 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301022 HRC 2017 The Design of Akhmat Tower Sara Beardsley1, Alejandro Stochetti1, and Marc Cerone1 1Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, 111 West Monroe, Suite 2300, Chicago, Illinois 60603, USA Abstract. Akhmat Tower is a 435m supertall building designed by Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. It is currently under construction in the city of Grozny, in the Chechen Republic, in the North Caucasus region of Russia. The design of the tower was done during a collaborative process by a multi-disciplinary architectural and engineering team, based primarily in the United States and Russia. During this process, the designers considered many factors including, most primarily, the cultural and historical context, the structural requirements given the high seismicity of the region, and the client’s programmatic needs. The resulting crystalline-shaped tower is both an aesthetic statement and a performative architectural solution which will be a new landmark for Chechnya. “The Design of Akhmat Tower” describes in detail the design process including structural considerations, exterior wall design, building program, interior design, the tuned mass damper, and the use of building information modeling. 1 Introduction In 2014, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture (AS+GG) was commissioned to design a signature tower adjacent to the Suzha river in Grozny, Chechnya - a Republic of Russia located in the north Caucasus region near the Caspian Sea. This tower is to be a new icon specifically for the region – and is named after the first President of Chechen Republic, Akh- mat Haji Kadyrov [1]. The design was done by a team of over one hundred people, based primarily in the United States and Russia, and utilized expertise from architects and engineers with vast experience in super-tall building design. -
China Megastructures: Learning by Experience
AC 2009-131: CHINA MEGASTRUCTURES: LEARNING BY EXPERIENCE Richard Balling, Brigham Young University Page 14.320.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 CHINA MEGA-STRUCTURES: LEARNING BY EXPERIENCE Abstract A study abroad program for senior and graduate civil engineering students is described. The program provides an opportunity for students to learn by experience. The program includes a two-week trip to China to study mega-structures such as skyscrapers, bridges, and complexes (stadiums, airports, etc). The program objectives and the methods for achieving those objectives are described. The relationships between the program objectives and the college educational emphases and the ABET outcomes are also presented. Student comments are included from the first offering of the program in 2008. Introduction This paper summarizes the development of a study abroad program to China where civil engineering students learn by experience. Consider some of the benefits of learning by experience. Experiential learning increases retention, creates passion, and develops perspective. Some things can only be learned by experience. Once, while the author was lecturing his teenage son for a foolish misdeed, his son interrupted him with a surprisingly profound statement, "Dad, leave me alone....sometimes you just got to be young and stupid before you can be old and wise". As parents, it's difficult to patiently let our children learn by experience. The author traveled to China for the first time in 2007. He was blindsided by the rapid pace of change in that country, and by the remarkable new mega-structures. More than half of the world's tallest skyscrapers, longest bridges, and biggest complexes (stadiums, airports, etc) are in China, and most of these have been constructed in the past decade. -
From Troubled to Trophy: the Turnaround of Chicago's Oneeleven
From Troubled to Trophy: The Turnaround of Chicago’s OneEleven August 14, 2015 | By Ryan Ori When Chicago’s OneEleven apartment development sold for a record price earlier this year, it marked the second notable achievement for the project. Before the $328 million sale, mere completion of the 60-story build- ing had erased an eyesore from one of the Loop’s most visible walls of trophy towers. Chicago-based real estate investment management firm Heitman paid $651,000 per unit for the building along the Chicago River, a city record. That January sale by Related Midwest is even more remarkable considering that just a few years earlier, the property at Wacker Drive and Clark Street stood as a constant reminder of a real estate development pipeline that had dried up during the recession. From 2008 to 2012, a 27-story concrete skeleton lurked over office workers and tourists walking along the Chica- go River. A previous developer’s plan to construct the city’s fifth-tallest skyscraper—90 stories of luxury condo- miniums and a hotel—was halted after efforts to secure a construction loan stalled. “It was a pretty palpable sign of the downturn,” says Curt Bailey, president of Related Midwest, an affiliate of New York City–based Related Companies. “It basically said, ‘The city is not viable for development, and we’ve got failure on our face.’ The architecture boat tours go right by there, and they were basically staring at it.” Nine years elapsed between the ground breaking by the initial development venture, an affiliate of Chicago-based engineering firm Teng & Associates, and the record sale by Related. -
List of World's Tallest Buildings in the World
Height Height Rank Building City Country Floors Built (m) (ft) 1 Burj Khalifa Dubai UAE 828 m 2,717 ft 163 2010 2 Shanghai Tower Shanghai China 632 m 2,073 ft 121 2014 Saudi 3 Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel Mecca 601 m 1,971 ft 120 2012 Arabia 4 One World Trade Center New York City USA 541.3 m 1,776 ft 104 2013 5 Taipei 101 Taipei Taiwan 509 m 1,670 ft 101 2004 6 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China 492 m 1,614 ft 101 2008 7 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 484 m 1,588 ft 118 2010 8 Petronas Tower 1 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 1,483 ft 88 1998 8 Petronas Tower 2 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 1,483 ft 88 1998 10 Zifeng Tower Nanjing China 450 m 1,476 ft 89 2010 11 Willis Tower (Formerly Sears Tower) Chicago USA 442 m 1,450 ft 108 1973 12 Kingkey 100 Shenzhen China 442 m 1,449 ft 100 2011 13 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China 440 m 1,440 ft 103 2010 14 Dream Dubai Marina Dubai UAE 432 m 1,417 ft 101 2014 15 Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago USA 423 m 1,389 ft 98 2009 16 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai China 421 m 1,380 ft 88 1999 17 Princess Tower Dubai UAE 414 m 1,358 ft 101 2012 18 Al Hamra Firdous Tower Kuwait City Kuwait 413 m 1,354 ft 77 2011 19 2 International Finance Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 412 m 1,352 ft 88 2003 20 23 Marina Dubai UAE 395 m 1,296 ft 89 2012 21 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou China 391 m 1,283 ft 80 1997 22 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen China 384 m 1,260 ft 69 1996 23 Central Market Project Abu Dhabi UAE 381 m 1,251 ft 88 2012 24 Empire State Building New York City USA 381 m 1,250 -
CTBUH Journal
CTBUH Journal Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2008 Issue III China Central Television Headquarters The Vertical Farm Partial Occupancies for Tall Buildings CTBUH Working Group Update: Sustainability Tall Buildings in Numbers Moscow Gaining Height Conference Australian CTBUH Seminars Editor’s Message The CTBUH Journal has undergone a major emerging trend. A number of very prominent cases transformation in 2008, as its editorial board has are studied, and fundamental considerations for sought to align its content with the core objectives each stakeholder in such a project are examined. of the Council. Over the past several issues, the journal editorial board has collaborated with some of the most innovative minds within the field of tall The forward thinking perspectives of our authors in building design and research to highlight new this issue are accompanied by a comprehensive concepts and technologies that promise to reshape survey of the structural design approach behind the the professional landscape for years to come. The new China Central Television (CCTV) Tower in Beijing, Journal now contains a number of new features China. The paper, presented by the chief designers intended to facilitate discourse amongst the behind the tower structure, explores the membership on the subjects showcased in its pages. groundbreaking achievements of the entire design And as we enter 2009, the publication is poised to team in such realms as computational analysis, achieve even more as brilliant designers, researchers, optimization, interpretation and negotiation of local builders and developers begin collaboration with us codes, and sophisticated construction on papers that present yet-to-be unveiled concepts methodologies.