Congressional Record- Senate. January 13, -
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 45: Birds Statues (Falcon and Vulture)
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2017, PP 39-48 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/ijeert.0503004 Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 45: Birds Statues (Falcon and Vulture) Galal Ali Hassaan (Emeritus Professor), Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT The evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt is investigated in this research paper through studying the production of statues and figurines of falcons and vultures. Examples from historical eras between Predynastic and Late Periods are presented, analysed and aspects of quality and innovation are outlined in each one. Material, dynasty, main dimension (if known) and present location are also outlined to complete the information about each statue or figurine. Keywords: Mechanical engineering, ancient Egypt, falcon statues, vulture statues INTRODUCTION This is the 45th paper in a scientific research aiming at presenting a deep insight into the history of mechanical engineering during the ancient Egyptian civilization. The paper handles the production of falcon and vulture statues and figurines during the Predynastic and Dynastic Periods of the ancient Egypt history. This work depicts the insight of ancient Egyptians to birds lived among them and how they authorized its existence through statuettes and figurines. Smith (1960) in his book about ancient Egypt as represented in the Museum of Fine Arts at Boston presented a number of bird figurines including ducks from the Middle Kingdom, gold ibis from the New Kingdom and a wooden spoon in the shape of a duck and lady from the New Kingdom [1]. -
Hellenistic and Pharaonic Influences on the Formation of Coptic Identity
Scriptura 85 (2004), pp. 292-301 HELLENISTIC AND PHARAONIC INFLUENCES ON THE FORMATION OF COPTIC IDENTITY Annette Evans Department of Ancient Studies Stellenbosch University Abstract Conflicting descriptions of Coptic identity still exist today. The Copts regard themselves as those descendents of Pharaonic Egyptians who have retained their identity because of their Christian faith, in spite of Egypt having become a predominantly Islamic, Arab country. They claim to have “caught a glimpse of the Light of Christianity” before the birth of Christ. This article offers iconographical evidence to supplement an explanation of how the ancient Egyptian mythopoeic thinking, in combination with the syncretistic cultural environment of Hellenism, mediated this phenomenon. Today the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt represents “a return to the apostolic father type leading of the church”. Although pharaonic and gnostic influences appear to have contributed to their remarkable eusebeia, the Copts perceive themselves as having abided by the decisions of the first three Church Councils and have respected and upheld the canon. 1. Introduction The word Copt originated from the ancient Egyptian word for Memphis, Hah-ka-Ptah – the house or temple of the spirit of Ptah. With the suppression of the prefix and the suffix the stem kaPt or gypt remained, which was then corrupted to the Arabic Qibt (Atiya 1968:16). The Hellenes used Aiguptos for both Egypt and the Nile, and Aiguptoi was used by Origen to distinguish Egyptian Christians from Hellenes (Van der Vliet and Zonhoven 1998:117). The Copts have a unique identity: inseparable from their pharaonic past, yet intimately associated with the beginning of Christianity. -
Glossary Ancient Egyptian Art and Culture
Ancient Egyptian Art and Culture Glossary Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 12 million square miles it covers 20% of the Earth's total land area. Egypt is located on the Northeast corner of the African continent. Amphora A large pottery or stone vessel, usually with one or more handles and used as storage or transport container for liquids or solids. Amulet A small token, such as a hieroglyphic symbol or figurine of a god, believed to provide magical protection or other benefits to its wearer. Ankh The ankh is a hieroglyphic symbol meaning “life” and “to live.” lt was worn by many ancient Egyptians as an amulet, and is frequently depicted in art being extended by the gods. Apis Bull The Apis bull was a sacred oracle housed in the temple of Ptah at Memphis. The bulls were well treated throughout their lifetimes, given divine status as the embodiment of the god Ptah, and were mummified upon death. The Apis bulls, and later the mothers of the Apis bulls (sacred to Isis) were buried at Saqqara. Artistic perspective Egyptians used variations in size to indicate importance in their art. Viewpoints also changed within images to show the strongest characteristics of objects and people. Faces were always shown in profile, eyes were large, and legs were often shown in exaggerated poses. Artifact An artifact is something that was made by a person in the distant past. Clothing, pottery, furniture, tools, and art are all artifacts. Atef The atef is a crown with an ostrich plume on each side and horizontal ram’s horns underneath. -
Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal
Andrzej Ćwiek RELIEF DECORATION IN THE ROYAL FUNERARY COMPLEXES OF THE OLD KINGDOM STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, SCENE CONTENT AND ICONOGRAPHY PhD THESIS WRITTEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. KAROL MYŚLIWIEC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY FACULTY OF HISTORY WARSAW UNIVERSITY 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would have never appeared without help, support, advice and kindness of many people. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to: Professor Karol Myśliwiec, the supervisor of this thesis, for his incredible patience. Professor Zbigniew Szafrański, my first teacher of Egyptian archaeology and subsequently my boss at Deir el-Bahari, colleague and friend. It was his attitude towards science that influenced my decision to become an Egyptologist. Professor Lech Krzyżaniak, who offered to me really enormous possibilities of work in Poznań and helped me to survive during difficult years. It is due to him I have finished my thesis at last; he asked me about it every time he saw me. Professor Dietrich Wildung who encouraged me and kindly opened for me the inventories and photographic archives of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, and Dr. Karla Kroeper who enabled my work in Berlin in perfect conditions. Professors and colleagues who offered to me their knowledge, unpublished material, and helped me in various ways. Many scholars contributed to this work, sometimes unconsciously, and I owe to them much, albeit all the mistakes and misinterpretations are certainly by myself. Let me list them in an alphabetical order, pleno titulo: Hartwig -
Early Dynastic Egypt
EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT Toby A.H.Wilkinson London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. © 1999 Toby A.H.Wilkinson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Wilkinson, Toby A.H. Early Dynastic Egypt/Toby A.H.Wilkinson p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.378) and index. 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C. I. Title DT85.W49 1999 932′.012–dc21 98–35836 CIP ISBN 0-203-02438-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20421-2 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-18633-1 (Print Edition) For Benjamin CONTENTS List of plates ix List of figures x Prologue xii Acknowledgements xvii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Egyptology and the Early Dynastic Period 2 2 Birth of a Nation State 23 3 Historical Outline 50 PART II THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORITY 4 Administration 92 5 Foreign Relations 127 6 Kingship 155 7 Royal Mortuary Architecture 198 8 Cults and -
Congressional Record-Senate. 1501
1876. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1501 North Carolina, to Penn's store, Virginia, to the Committee on the Post PETITIONS Al\TJ> MEMORIALS. Office and Post-Roads. Mr. SAULSBURY presented a petition of citizens of Delaware, By M.r. SOUTHARD: The petition of Nancy A. Hammond, for a praying for an improvenent of the navigation of tl:re Jones Creek anu pension, to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · Dover River, in that State; which was referred to the Committee on By Mr. STEVENSON: The petition of 150 citizens of McLean Commerce. County, Illinois, for the repeal of the specie-resumption a{lt, to the 1\Ir. McMILLAN presented the memorial of John Schroeder, in Committee on Banking anu Currency. favor of an amendment of the homestead law, so a to save innocent By Mr. STRAIT: The petition of W. H. Jewell and others, for an settlers f.rQm the rules and regulations of the General Land Office; extension of time for homestead or timber-culture entri.es upon Gov which was referred to the Comlllittee on Pnulic Lands. ernment lands, to the Committe on Public Lands. Mr. KERNAN presented the petition of llomce L. Eme.J:y, praying Also, the petition of S. G. Anclerson and 43 others, for the mainte for the extension of his patent for improvement iu cotton-ginning nance of the present rate of duty on linseed and linseed oil, to the Com machines: which was refened to the Committee on Patents. mittee of Ways and Means. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN presented the petition of George Whit By Mr. -
Us Vs. Them: Dualism and the Frontier in History
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2004 Us vs. them: Dualism and the frontier in history. Jonathan Joseph Wlasiuk The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wlasiuk, Jonathan Joseph, "Us vs. them: Dualism and the frontier in history." (2004). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5242. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5242 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes” or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author’s Signature: Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author’s explicit consent. 8/98 US VS. THEM: DUALISM AND THE FRONTIER IN HISTORY by Jonathan Joseph Wlasiuk B.A. The Ohio State University, 2002 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana April 2004 Approved by: lairperson Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP40706 AH rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Revisiting the Yoruba Ethnogenesis: a Religio- Cultural Hermeneutics of Ancient Egyptian Texts
REVISITING THE YORUBA ETHNOGENESIS: A RELIGIO- CULTURAL HERMENEUTICS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS Emmanuel Folorunso Taiwo* & Aghedo Paul Daniel* http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v11i 1.9 Abstract The ethnogenesis of the Yoruba has been a subject of various historical critical arguments in recent scholarship. Local historians and their foreign counterpart have explored different scholarly models to ascertain the origin of the Yoruba race. A sizeable number of these accounts usually explore the historical evidence from ancient Egypt. Although, such historical traditions differ from one school of thought to another, some modern historians of Yoruba descent insist that the Yoruba originated from Egypt. In recent times this development has generated debates; though, some schools of thought have argued that there are indices of religio-cultural affinity between the Yoruba and the ancient Egyptians, yet others maintain that the presence of white skinned Egyptians and the Arabs, do not seem to confirm that the Yoruba originated from Egypt. This paper seeks to explore the possibilities of an Egypto-Yoruba ethnogenesis by examining the religio-cultural elements in ancient Egyptian texts. Keywords: Ancient Egyptians, Yoruba, Ethnogenesis, religio- cultural, Ma’at Introduction There are two sources of the Yoruba ethnogenesis, which this study intends to explore; the first being the “Ifa corpus”, the Yoruba generally believe that this mystical phenomenon has records of the mysteries about the existence of the Yoruba people. Thus, it is Ifa, which can duly explain the origin of the Yoruba. Within the norm of this concept, the Yoruba believes that Olodumare; the supreme God created the universe and the gods. -
'Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies Chiefly of the Middle Kingdom: a Study and an Anthology'
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1988 Ancient Egyptian Autobiographies Chiefly of the Middle Kingdom: A Study and an Anthology Lichtheim, Miriam Abstract: By a selection of sixty ancient Egyptian autobiographical inscriptions, presented in new transla- tions, the author examines the growth of the autobiographical genre during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, from ca. 2500 to ca. 1800 B.C. The Old Kingdom created the basic form: the autobiography as an inte- gral part of the inscriptional and pictorial program of tombs - the planned and often sumptuous tombs of the well-to-do, who filled the major positions in the royal administration. After the decline oftheOld Kingdom, the rising middle class diversified the genre, and loci other than tombs, notably free-standing stelae and rock faces of quarries, also became carriers of autobiographical self-presentations. The cult of Osiris added yet another dimension: autobiographical stelae erected near the Osiris temple at Abydos and specifically designed to place their owners in the care of the god-of-the-dead. The texts of thesestelae often describe their position as being ”at the terrace of the great god”, a description which has caused much scholarly rumination. Just what was the terrace of the great god? This study demonstrates that the texts themselves furnish the conclusive answer. Finally, the reader meets a magnate of Middle Egypt in his splendid tomb, whose carefully stylized autobiography is a classic of Middle Kingdom oratory. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-141274 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Lichtheim, Miriam (1988). -
Two Semi-Erased Kushite Cartouches in the Precinct of Mut at South Karnak
Two Semi-Erased Kushite Cartouches in the Precinct of Mut at South Karnak Richard A. Fazzini, Brooklyn Museum William Murnane is perhaps best known for his work in New Kingdom Egypt, but his interests were more far ranging than that. For example, in the 1990s he became involved with the question of the name of Taharqa in the entrance way of the Second Pylon of the Temple of Amun at Karnak.1 Much earlier, soon after I began work in the Precinct of Mut at South Karnak in 1976, I benefited from conversations with Bill concerning Ptolemaic inscriptions at the site. At the time, Bill was also engaged in attempting to establish the date of a much damaged stela in the first court of the Amun Temple before the south wing of the Second Pylon (Fig. 1).2 This stela had been attributed first to Dynasty XXV and Taharqa3 and then to a much later time.4 Bill had come to believe that it could be dated to Dynasty XXV on the basis of its style and asked me, as an art historian, what I thought of his attribution. I told him that I thought that he was correct, and advised him not to worry that he was not trained in art history: paleography, after all, is a variant of art history. Not long thereafter Bill got confirmation of his theory: Claude Traunecker and Françoise Le Saout of the Centre Franco-Égyptien d’Étude des Temples de Karnak arranged for a latex cast to be made of the cartouche on the stela, and both they and Bill agreed that the traces must belong to Nefertumkhure, the prenomen of Taharqa.5 The same prenomen exists in a crypt in the Mut Temple (Fig. -
The Cartouche Names of the New Kingdom
The cartouche names of the New Kingdom by Sjef Willockx With a complete kinglist of the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasty The cartouche names of the New Kingdom © Sjef Willockx, 2008 . Bibliography ..................................................................................................................3 Preface..........................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................5 1.1. Developments in the royal titulary....................................................................5 1.2. The throne names ...........................................................................................5 1.3. The birth names ..............................................................................................7 1.4. The epithets to throne and birth names ...........................................................8 1.5. The names of gods in throne and birth names...............................................11 1.6. Peculiarities in spelling and orthography........................................................12 1.7. The kinglists ..................................................................................................14 1.8. The timeframe ...............................................................................................14 2. The epithets in the cartouche names of the New Kingdom ......................................17 2.1. Epithets, -
Changes in the Relationship Between the Horus and Seth: Settling the Score
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Conference, 8–10 April 2021 Gabrielle Goodwin, University of Idaho, undergraduate student, “Changes in the Relationship Between the Horus and Seth: Set-tling the Score” Abstract: As can be seen in Ancient Egyptian mythology, the gods Horus and Set had a rocky relationship that was most often represented as bitter rivalry. They both contended for the throne left empty by Osiris after his death with Horus eventually emerging victorious. Rather than remaining static in narrative and character, this is a story consistently tweaked across the fabric of Ancient Egyptian history. The Horus and Set of the Archaic Period are very different gods from the Horus and Set of the Late Period though the base story remains the same. By looking at the material and visual culture related to these two gods period by period, a pattern of the changes begins to emerge. These material and visual culture artifacts show just how closely the changing relations of eternal beings matched the ever-changing social context of the ancient present. The two who were once equals in power though unique in responsibility and jurisdiction became rivals unbalanced in might and notoriety as Egypt faced foreign invasions and Pharaonic difficulties. Set, god of foreigners and chaos, suffered from a series of social made mythological setbacks that blackened his reputation beyond recovery and started his decline into obscurity. Horus, in contrast, rose with every period until his honored position in the New Kingdom cemented his permanent prestige. Ancient Egyptian history mirrored their mythological contendings and ended with Horus on the throne.