Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships Within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications
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Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2. -
A Complete Species-Level Molecular Phylogeny For
Author's personal copy Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (2008) 251–260 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the ‘‘Eurasian” starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus, Acridotheres, and allies): Recent diversification in a highly social and dispersive avian group Irby J. Lovette a,*, Brynn V. McCleery a, Amanda L. Talaba a, Dustin R. Rubenstein a,b,c a Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14950, USA b Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA c Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Received 2 August 2007; revised 17 January 2008; accepted 22 January 2008 Available online 31 January 2008 Abstract We generated the first complete phylogeny of extant taxa in a well-defined clade of 26 starling species that is collectively distributed across Eurasia, and which has one species endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. Two species in this group—the European starling Sturnus vulgaris and the common Myna Acridotheres tristis—now occur on continents and islands around the world following human-mediated introductions, and the entire clade is generally notable for being highly social and dispersive, as most of its species breed colonially or move in large flocks as they track ephemeral insect or plant resources, and for associating with humans in urban or agricultural land- scapes. Our reconstructions were based on substantial mtDNA (4 kb) and nuclear intron (4 loci, 3 kb total) sequences from 16 species, augmented by mtDNA NDII gene sequences (1 kb) for the remaining 10 taxa for which DNAs were available only from museum skin samples. -
Thailand Highlights 14Th to 26Th November 2019 (13 Days)
Thailand Highlights 14th to 26th November 2019 (13 days) Trip Report Siamese Fireback by Forrest Rowland Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Forrest Rowland Trip Report – RBL Thailand - Highlights 2019 2 Tour Summary Thailand has been known as a top tourist destination for quite some time. Foreigners and Ex-pats flock there for the beautiful scenery, great infrastructure, and delicious cuisine among other cultural aspects. For birders, it has recently caught up to big names like Borneo and Malaysia, in terms of respect for the avian delights it holds for visitors. Our twelve-day Highlights Tour to Thailand set out to sample a bit of the best of every major habitat type in the country, with a slight focus on the lush montane forests that hold most of the country’s specialty bird species. The tour began in Bangkok, a bustling metropolis of winding narrow roads, flyovers, towering apartment buildings, and seemingly endless people. Despite the density and throng of humanity, many of the participants on the tour were able to enjoy a Crested Goshawk flight by Forrest Rowland lovely day’s visit to the Grand Palace and historic center of Bangkok, including a fun boat ride passing by several temples. A few early arrivals also had time to bird some of the urban park settings, even picking up a species or two we did not see on the Main Tour. For most, the tour began in earnest on November 15th, with our day tour of the salt pans, mudflats, wetlands, and mangroves of the famed Pak Thale Shore bird Project, and Laem Phak Bia mangroves. -
Clutch Size in Passerines of Southern South America’
TheCondor96:170-177 8 The Cooper Ornithological Society 1994 CLUTCH SIZE IN PASSERINES OF SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA’ YORAM YOM-TOV Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv 69978. Israel MIGUEL I. CHRISTIE AND GUSTAVO J. IGLESIAS Villegas369, 8400 Bariloche,Rio Negro,Argentina Abstract. Clutch size of the passerinesof southern South America was studied by com- paring data taken from the literature for 33 1 species(177 genera), which breed in Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and southernBrazil. Mean overall clutch size was 2.98 eggs,appreciably smaller than clutch size of passerinesat similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere. There was a highly significantdifference between mean clutch size of the two sub-orders representedin the study area, with the Deutero-Oscineshaving on averagesmaller clutches (2.73) than the Oscines(3.32). This difference between the two sub-orderswas maintained in each of the five zoogeographicalregions of the study area. There were also significant differencesin clutch size between the five main zoogeographicalregions: overall mean clutch size was smallest in the Amazonianregion (2.67) and largestin the Chaco(3.29). Deutero- Oscineseggs were proportionally larger than thoseof Oscines(14% and 11%of bodymass, respectively). Therewas no correlationbetween clutch size and body mass, nor was clutch size related to either nest type or migration. There is no evidence for latitudinal gradient in clutch size in the area studied. Key words: Clutch size; Passeriformes;South America. INTRODUCTION clutch size increasesby as much as one egg per Clutch size varies both between and within spe- 6-10”latitude. Information about the occurrence cies, and the reasons for these variations have of this phenomenon in the southern hemisphere been the subject of many studies. -
The Relationships of the Starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnini) and the Mockingbirds (Sturnidae: Mimini)
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STARLINGS (STURNIDAE: STURNINI) AND THE MOCKINGBIRDS (STURNIDAE: MIMINI) CHARLESG. SIBLEYAND JON E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--OldWorld starlingshave been thought to be related to crowsand their allies, to weaverbirds, or to New World troupials. New World mockingbirdsand thrashershave usually been placed near the thrushesand/or wrens. DNA-DNA hybridization data indi- cated that starlingsand mockingbirdsare more closelyrelated to each other than either is to any other living taxon. Some avian systematistsdoubted this conclusion.Therefore, a more extensiveDNA hybridizationstudy was conducted,and a successfulsearch was made for other evidence of the relationshipbetween starlingsand mockingbirds.The resultssup- port our original conclusionthat the two groupsdiverged from a commonancestor in the late Oligoceneor early Miocene, about 23-28 million yearsago, and that their relationship may be expressedin our passerineclassification, based on DNA comparisons,by placing them as sistertribes in the Family Sturnidae,Superfamily Turdoidea, Parvorder Muscicapae, Suborder Passeres.Their next nearest relatives are the members of the Turdidae, including the typical thrushes,erithacine chats,and muscicapineflycatchers. Received 15 March 1983, acceptedI November1983. STARLINGS are confined to the Old World, dine thrushesinclude Turdus,Catharus, Hylocich- mockingbirdsand thrashersto the New World. la, Zootheraand Myadestes.d) Cinclusis -
SICHUAN (Including Northern Yunnan)
Temminck’s Tragopan (all photos by Dave Farrow unless indicated otherwise) SICHUAN (Including Northern Yunnan) 16/19 MAY – 7 JUNE 2018 LEADER: DAVE FARROW The Birdquest tour to Sichuan this year was a great success, with a slightly altered itinerary to usual due to the closure of Jiuzhaigou, and we enjoyed a very smooth and enjoyable trip around the spectacular and endemic-rich mountain and plateau landscapes of this striking province. Gamebirds featured strongly with 14 species seen, the highlights of them including a male Temminck’s Tragopan grazing in the gloom, Chinese Monal trotting across high pastures, White Eared and Blue Eared Pheasants, Lady Amherst’s and Golden Pheasants, Chinese Grouse and Tibetan Partridge. Next were the Parrotbills, with Three-toed, Great and Golden, Grey-hooded and Fulvous charming us, Laughingthrushes included Red-winged, Buffy, Barred, Snowy-cheeked and Plain, we saw more Leaf Warblers than we knew what to do with, and marvelled at the gorgeous colours of Sharpe’s, Pink-rumped, Vinaceous, Three-banded and Red-fronted Rosefinches, the exciting Przevalski’s Finch, the red pulse of Firethroats plus the unreal blue of Grandala. Our bird of the trip? Well, there was that Red Panda that we watched for ages! 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Sichuan Including Northern Yunnan 2018 www.birdquest-tours.com Our tour began with a short extension in Yunnan, based in Lijiang city, with the purpose of finding some of the local specialities including the rare White-speckled Laughingthrush, which survives here in small numbers. Once our small group had arrived in the bustling city of Lijiang we began our birding in an area of hills that had clearly been totally cleared of forest in the fairly recent past, with a few trees standing above the hillsides of scrub. -
The Generic Taxonomy of Parrotbills (Aves, Timaliidae)
FORKTAIL 25 (2009): 137–141 The generic taxonomy of parrotbills (Aves, Timaliidae) JOHN PENHALLURICK and CRAIG ROBSON The parrotbills are typically considered to contain just three genera: Conostoma, Paradoxornis and Panurus. Discounting Panurus from consideration (it has recently been shown to have a distant relationship to the babblers), we maintain a single species in Conostoma, C. aemodium, and assign the species currently lumped into Paradoxornis among seven genera that fall into two groups based in part on size: the first group (which also includes Conostoma) consists of Hemirhynchus (for paradoxus and unicolor); Psittiparus (for gularis, margaritae, ruficeps and bakeri) and Paradoxornis (for flavirostris, guttaticollis and heudei); the second comprises Chleuasicus (for atrosuperciliaris), a new genus Sinosuthora (for brunnea, webbiana, alphonsiana, conspicillata, zappeyi and przewalskii), Neosuthora (for davidiana) and Suthora (for fulvifrons, verreauxi, nipalensis, humii, poliotis, ripponi and beaulieui). INTRODUCTION to reflect this distant relationship. We will go through the genera we propose, giving the full citation for the generic Earlier accounts of the parrotbills, such as Sharpe (1883), name, plus synonyms, and listing the species we assign to Hartert (1907), Hartert and Steinbacher (1932–38), and each genus, and its subspecies, with detailed distribution Baker (1930), treated them in multiple genera, but in provided for both monotypic species and subspecies. recent works (Deignan 1964, Dickinson 2003, Robson 2007) the great majority have been placed in Paradoxornis. This arrangement goes back to Delacour (1946), who THE GENERA AND SPECIES assigned all taxa except Great Parrotbill Conostoma aemodium and Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus to Conostoma Hodgson, 1842 Paradoxornis. His explanation for this radical move was Conostoma Hodgson, 1842 [‘1841’], Journal of the Asiatic brief, and roughly translates as follows: Society of Bengal 10: 856. -
Discovery of a Relict Lineage and Monotypic Family of Passerine Birds
Discovery of a relict lineage and monotypic family of passerine birds Based on a comprehensive molecular dataset of passerines birds we identified a branch with a single species, the Spotted Wren-babbler Spelaeornis formosus. We suggest that this represents a relict lineage, which we propose should be placed in its own family, Elachuridae. The scientific name Elachura formosa should be used. We analysed of one of the most comprehensive datasets to date of the largest passerine bird clade, Passerida, which comprises c. 36% of the World’s c. 10,500 bird species. We identified 10 primary branches in the tree. One of these primary branches was made up of a single species, the Spotted Wren-Babbler Spelaeornis formosus, which is a small Wren-like bird that occurs in mountains from the eastern Himalayas to southeast China. This species apparently represents an old branch in the large passerine tree, without any close living relatives. There have surely been other relatives on this branch, which have gone extinct. The fact that it resembles wren-babblers and wrens in appearance is either due to pure chance or to convergent evolution, which may result in similar appearances in unrelated species that live in similar environments. We proposed the new family name Elachuridae for this single species. We also suggested that the scientific name Elachura formosa should be used, and the English name be changed to Elachura, to highlight its distinctness. Timaliidae (56) Pellorneidae (69) Leiothrichidae (133) Zosteropidae (128) Sylviidae (70) Pnoepygidae -
New Zealand Passerines Help Clarify the Diversification of Major Songbird Lineages During the Oligocene
GBE New Zealand Passerines Help Clarify the Diversification of Major Songbird Lineages during the Oligocene Gillian C. Gibb1,*,y, Ryan England2,4,y, Gerrit Hartig2,5, Patricia A. (Trish) McLenachan2, Briar L. Taylor Smith1, Bennet J. McComish2,6, Alan Cooper3, and David Penny2 1Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 3Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 4Present address: Forensic Business Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR Ltd.), Mt Albert Science Centre, Auckland, New Zealand 5Present address: Starlims Germany GmbH An Abbott Company, Witten, Germany 6Present address: School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. yThese authors contributed equally to this work. Accepted: October 7, 2015 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at GenBank under the accession numbers KC545397-KC545409, KT894672. Abstract Passerines are the largest avian order, and the 6,000 species comprise more than half of all extant bird species. This successful radiation probably had its origin in the Australasian region, but dating this origin has been difficult due to a scarce fossil record and poor biogeographic assumptions. Many of New Zealand’s endemic passerines fall within the deeper branches of the passerine radiation, and a well resolved phylogeny for the modern New Zealand element in the deeper branches of the oscine lineage will help us understand both oscine and passerine biogeography. To this end we present complete mitochondrial genomes representing all families of New Zealand passerines in a phylogenetic framework of over 100 passerine species. -
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 ©Anthony Sun June 2021 (Mid-term version) Prepared by WWF-Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 Page | 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Regional and Global Context ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Local Biodiversity and Wise Use ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Geology and Geological History ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Climate Change Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................ -
Leiothrichidae Species Tree
Leiothrichidae: Laughingthrushes, part I ?Javan Fulvetta, Alcippe pyrrhoptera Brown Fulvetta, Alcippe brunneicauda Brown-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe poioicephala Black-browed Fulvetta, Alcippe grotei Nepal Fulvetta, Alcippe nipalensis David’s Fulvetta, Alcippe davidi Yunnan Fulvetta, Alcippe fratercula Mountain Fulvetta, Alcippe peracensis Huet’s Fulvetta, Alcippe hueti Gray-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe morrisonia Striated Laughingthrush, Grammatoptila striata Himalayan Cutia, Cutia nipalensis ?Vietnamese Cutia, Cutia legalleni ?Spiny Babbler, Turdoides nipalensis ?Iraq Babbler, Turdoides altirostris ?Common Babbler, Turdoides caudata ?Afghan Babbler, Turdoides huttoni White-throated Babbler, Turdoides gularis ?Striated Babbler, Turdoides earlei ?Slender-billed Babbler, Turdoides longirostris ?Large Gray Babbler, Turdoides malcolmi ?Arabian Babbler, Turdoides squamiceps ?Fulvous Babbler, Turdoides fulva ?Scaly Chatterer, Turdoides aylmeri ?Rufous Chatterer, Turdoides rubiginosa ?Rufous Babbler, Turdoides subrufa ?Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striata ?Orange-billed Babbler, Turdoides rufescens ?Yellow-billed Babbler, Turdoides affinis Capuchin Babbler, Turdoides atripennis ?White-throated Mountain Babbler, Turdoides gilberti ?Red-collared Babbler, Turdoides rufocinctus Chapin’s Babbler, Turdoides chapini Southern Pied-Babbler, Turdoides bicolor ?Bare-cheeked Babbler, Turdoides gymnogenys ?Northern Pied-Babbler, Turdoides hypoleuca ?Black-faced Babbler, Turdoides melanops ?Black-lored Babbler, Turdoides sharpei ?Dusky Babbler, Turdoides tenebrosa -
Passerines: Perching Birds
3.9 Orders 9: Passerines – perching birds - Atlas of Birds uncorrected proofs 3.9 Atlas of Birds - Uncorrected proofs Copyrighted Material Passerines: Perching Birds he Passeriformes is by far the largest order of birds, comprising close to 6,000 P Size of order Cardinal virtues Insect-eating voyager Multi-purpose passerine Tspecies. Known loosely as “perching birds”, its members differ from other Number of species in order The Northern or Common Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) The Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) was The Common Magpie (Pica pica) belongs to the crow family orders in various fine anatomical details, and are themselves divided into suborders. Percentage of total bird species belongs to the cardinal family (Cardinalidae) of passerines. once thought to be a member of the thrush family (Corvidae), which includes many of the larger passerines. In simple terms, however, and with a few exceptions, passerines can be described Like the various tanagers, grosbeaks and other members (Turdidae), but is now known to belong to the Old World Like many crows, it is a generalist, with a robust bill adapted of this diverse group, it has a thick, strong bill adapted to flycatchers (Muscicapidae). Its narrow bill is adapted to to feeding on anything from small animals to eggs, carrion, as small birds that sing. feeding on seeds and fruit. Males, from whose vivid red eating insects, and like many insect-eaters that breed in insects, and grain. Crows are among the most intelligent of The word passerine derives from the Latin passer, for sparrow, and indeed a sparrow plumage the family is named, are much more colourful northern Europe and Asia, this species migrates to Sub- birds, and this species is the only non-mammal ever to have is a typical passerine.