DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Article Effects of Acute Consumption of Noni and Chokeberry Juices Vs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Article Effects of Acute Consumption of Noni and Chokeberry Juices Vs Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2019, Article ID 6076751, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6076751 Research Article Effects of Acute Consumption of Noni and Chokeberry Juices vs. Energy Drinks on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Blood Glucose in Young Adults Dariusz Nowak , Michał Gos´lin´ ski , Anna Wesołowska, Karolina Berenda, and Cezary Popławski Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun´, Bydgoszcz, Poland Correspondence should be addressed to Dariusz Nowak; [email protected] Received 13 June 2019; Revised 19 July 2019; Accepted 4 August 2019; Published 18 August 2019 Academic Editor: Pratibha V. Nerurkar Copyright © 2019 Dariusz Nowak et al. +is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. +e purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of acute consumption of noni and chokeberry juices vs. energy drinks on blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose. +e subjects divided into 4 groups, which consumed three portions of noni or chokeberry juices (30 mL or 200 mL, respectively) and energy drink (ED) or water (200 mL) at one-hour intervals. All participants had their blood pressure (BP), both systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), as well as heart rate (HR) and blood glucose (BG), measured. Consumption of noni juice caused a significant decrease in SBP and DBP of 5.0% and 7.5%, respectively, while, the consumption of chokeberry juice slightly decreased only DBP by 3.6%. On the contrary, consumption of three portions of EDs caused a significant increase in DBP by 14.7%. +e BG of participants consuming noni juice decreased by 7.3%, while the consumption of EDs increased BG by as much as 15.8%. Acute consumption of noni juice contributed to a significantly decreased SBP, DBP, and HR as well as a mild reduction of BG. Consumption of chokeberry juice caused only a slight reduction of DBP. Contrary to juices, EDs consumption resulted in an increase of blood pressure (especially DBP) and blood glucose. +e results of the study showed that noni juice may be effective in lowering blood pressure and blood sugar levels, but there is a need to continue research on the long-term effect of this juice. 1. Introduction antioxidants, and it is relatively high in potassium (ca. 150 mg/100 mL) [2, 3]. +e potassium content of noni juice +e fruit of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) originates from is similar to other common juices, e.g., orange juice, tomato Southeast Asia (Polynesia and India), but it is also grown in juice [4], and chokeberry juice [5]. Potassium promotes a South America and the Caribbean Islands [1]. Traditionally, healthy heart rhythm, muscular contraction, nerve function, juice extraction is preceded by fermentation, and juices are energy production, and fluid balance. Moreover, potassium best made from 45-day-old fruit, which has the most ben- helps to lower blood pressure by minimizing the effects of eficial content of bioactive compounds [1, 2]. Noni fruit juice salt [2]. On the contrary, twelve compounds have been (NJ) is roughly comparable to apple juice in its nutritional identified in noni juice, of which nine have been quantified, analysis although it is somewhat lower in calories. +e and these include phenolic compounds such as coumarins reason is that noni fruit contains over threefold less total (scopoletin and esculetin), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, carbohydrates than apples do. Moreover, NJ is low in quercetin derivative, isoquercitrin, and kaempferol), phe- protein, calories, and fat and has no cholesterol. Noni is a nolic acid (vanillic acid), vanillin, and iridoids (asperulosidic fairly good source of vitamin C (53.2 mg/100 mL) and other acid and deacetylasperulosidic acid). Iridoids have been 2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine identified as the major compounds in noni juice, next to consent after reading the purpose and schedule of the re- flavonoids such as rutin and scopoletin [6]. Noni juice has search. Originally, 96 volunteers were recruited. +e partic- been found to contain some quantities of resveratrol and ipants were asked to abstain from drinking alcohol or taking phenolic acids (mainly ferulic and caffeic acids) [7]. +e any supplements (for at least 24 h prior to the experiment) presence of numerous bioactive compounds has justified and to exclude from their diet (for at least 12 h before the test) the classification of Morinda citrifolia as one of the dietary sources of caffeine such as coffee, tea, and cola type of drinks. components which have a positive impact on the cardio- In addition, the research participants were requested not to do vascular system, especially preventing hypertension, ath- any excessive physical activity prior to the test. Before the erosclerosis, and dyslipidemia [8, 9]. Its positive influence tests, all subjects were informed about the research objective on human health caused that noni juice has been classified and schedule, after which they signed a written consent form in the EU as “novel foods,” whereas in the USA, it is de- to participate in the study. Finally, 88 subjects took part in the scribed as a “nutritional supplement.” Nevertheless, there study. Eight people did not participate (either did not arrive, are no scientific studies published that include noni con- failed to follow the guidelines, or were afraid of blood tests). sumption guidelines. Typically, it is recommended to Subjects were divided into 4 groups: 1st—consuming 30 mL consume 30–60 mL·NJ, but ill people are suggested to drink noni juice (noni group); 2nd—consuming 200 mL chokeberry as much as 180 mL of noni juice [2]. juice (chokeberry group); 3rd—consuming 200 mL energy Chokeberry is a plant which belongs to the family drink (ED group); 4th—drinking 200 mL water (control Roseaceae. +ree species of chokeberry are distinguished: group). +e assignment of participants to each group was Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia, and Aronia melano- random, aided by a random number generation formula (an carpa. Among berry plants, chokeberry is distinguished by its MS Excel application). Before the onset of the tests, the high polyphenol content, with a prevalent share being an- participants received verbal instructions. thocyanins and proanthocyanidins [10]. Considering an- thocyanins, chokeberry juice (ChJ) is the richest in cyanidin- 2.2. Samples. Organic noni fruit and chokeberry juices, both 3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside. It also contains a rich source of polyphenols, were used for the study. +e phenolic acids, mainly chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids juices were cold-pressed from whole fruits. Chokeberry [11–13]. Compared to noni, the content of vitamin C in originated from Poland, while noni came from French chokeberry is small (from 0.013 to 0.27 mg/g dry matter), but Polynesia. Juices underwent mild flow pasteurization (the the potassium content is considerable among all bionutrients temperature not exceeded 80°C) in order to preserve nu- (up to 2.18 mg/g dry matter) [14]. Chokeberry has a higher trients. +e ED group was given to consume one of the most antioxidant capacity than other berries, such as blackberries, popular energy drink, which contained 32 mg of caffeine per raspberries, cranberries, or blueberries [15]. Similar obser- 100 mL. +e energy drink was purchased in a local grocery vations had been previously reported by Slatnar et al. [16] and shop, but prior to the test, it was coloured with a food dye Kulling and Rawel [5]. and got rid of carbon dioxide. +e control group was served Intake of fruits and berries may lower blood pressure still water which had also been coloured with a food dye. (BP), most probably owing to the high content of poly- Until the tests, all the drinks (juices, EDs, and water) were phenols [17]. Conversely, it has been demonstrated that stored at room temperature. Moreover, juices and energy consumption of energy drinks (EDs) rich in caffeine and drinks were previously analyzed to determine their pH and sugar may have an adverse effect on human health, mainly antioxidant capacity (TP and DPPH). +e pH of the tested by raising arterial blood pressure and blood glucose level; in samples of juices was measured with a glass electrode at the long term, it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases room temperature. Antioxidant capacity and total poly- and type 2 diabetes [18–23]. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), phenol content assays were described in previously studies according to the most recent statistics, are responsible for [7]. +e information presented of energy, protein, carbo- 45% of all deaths (49% in women and 40% in men). Cor- hydrates, total lipids, fiber, caffeine, taurine, inositol, etc., is onary heart disease and stroke are the major causes of death derived from the labels of the noni juice, chokeberry juice, due to CVD [24]. and energy drink samples. All data are presented in Table 1. +e purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of acute consumption of noni and chokeberry juices vs. energy drinks on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and 2.3. Study Protocol. +e study was carried out between May blood glucose. and June 2018. On the day of the tests, all participants had fasted measured blood glucose, blood pressure (systolic and 2. Materials and Methods diastolic), and heart rate. Next, each subject consumed three portions of the drinks (described in the Samples section) at 2.1. Subjects. +e study was carried out on a group of vol- one-hour intervals. +e noni group drank 30 mL of NJ (in unteers, students of a private college (Bydgoszcz, Poland). total, 90 mL); the chokeberry group consumed 200 mL of Healthy volunteers (aged over 18 years) were recruited for the ChJ (in total, 600 mL); the ED group had 200 mL of energy study.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Influence of Pasteurization and Starter Culture on Methanol Content and Bio-Profile of Fermented Morinda Citrifolia Linn
    a ISSN 0101-2061 (Print) Food Science and Technology ISSN 1678-457X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15319 The influence of pasteurization and starter culture on methanol content and bio-profile of fermented Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) fruit juice Manee SAELEE1,2, Bhagavathi Sundaram SIVAMARUTHI2, Sasithorn SIRILUN2, Jakkapan SIRITHUNYALUG2, Sartjin PEERAJAN3, Chaiyavat CHAIYASUT2* Abstract Morinda citrifolia L., generally known as noni, is commonly used in Thai medicines and cuisine. Several bioactive phytochemicals have been isolated and identified from the noni plant, and their compositions differ based on the cultivars and harvesting period. Different types of fermented noni fruit juices (FNJ) were used as health supplement in several southeastern countries. The formation of a large amount of alcohol, especially methanol, in FNJ is one of the major hindrances to FNJ production. The current study explains the impact of starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum SK15), pasteurization and addition of EGCG on alcohol content, bioactivity, and the physiochemical property of FNJ. The pH and sugar content of the samples were reduced during fermentation, while the organic acid content increased. The samples with EGCG obviously exhibited high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The level of pectin was high, and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity was low in EGCG-added samples compared with other samples. The alcohol content of the samples was under the permissible level of Thai standard; specifically, the methanol level was low in EGCG-added samples. Pasteurization and addition of starter culture did not influence any of the studied parameters. About 70% of acceptability index was observed for FNJ samples in the sensory evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • Morinda Citrifolia L. (Noni)
    Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae (Rubioideae) Coffee family noni (Hawai‘i), Indian mulberry (English), lada (Guam, Northern Marianas), nono (Cook Islands, Tahiti), non (Kiri- bati), nonu, nonu atoni, gogu atoni (Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Wallace, Futuna), nen, nin (Marshall Islands, Chuuk), ke- sengel, lel, ngel (Palau), kura (Fiji), canary wood (Australia), I (Kosrae), weipwul (Pohnpei), mangal‘wag (Yap). Morinda citrifolia, known commercially as noni, grows widely throughout the Pacific and is one of the most signif- icant sources of traditional medicines among Pacific island societies. This small evergreen tree or shrub is native from Southeastern Asia (Indonesia) to Australia, and now has a pantropical distribution. Noni is noted for its extremely wide range of environmental tolerances. It can grow in infertile, acidic and alkaline soils and is at home in very dry to very wet areas. It grows naturally in relatively dry to mesic sites or lowland areas in close proximity to shorelines, or as an important forest understory species in low-elevation Pacific island forests and rainforests. Noni’s extensive range of environmental tolerances also includes exposure to wind, fire, flooding, and saline conditions. Although not considered to be invasive to a degree that threatens ecosystems, noni is treated as a weed in some settings, is very persistent and difficult to kill, and is one of the first plants to colonize harsh waste areas or lava flows. All parts of the plant have traditional and/or modern uses, including roots and bark (dyes, medicine), trunks (firewood, tools), and leaves and fruits (food, medicines). The medicinal applications, both traditional and modern, span a vast array of conditions and illnesses, although most of these have yet to be scientifically supported.
    [Show full text]
  • Noni: the Complete Guide for Consumers and Growers
    Noni: The Complete Guide for Consumers and Growers Scot C. Nelson and Craig R. Elevitch Permanent Agriculture Resources PO Box 428 Holualoa, Hawai‘i 96725 USA [email protected] http://www.agroforestry.com Noni: The Complete Guide for Consumers and Growers By Scot C. Nelson and Craig R. Elevitch Publisher: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), PO Box 428, Hōlualoa, Hawai‘i 96725, USA; Tel: 808-324-4427; Fax: 808-324-4129; E-mail: [email protected]; <http://www.agroforestry. net>. © Copyright 2006 Scot C. Nelson and Craig R. Elevitch. All rights reserved. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopy- ing, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Photographs are copyright their respective owners. ISBN 0-9702544-6-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2006903347 Printed in China through Colorcraft Ltd., Hong Kong First edition July 2006 Recommended citation: Nelson, S.C., and C.R. Elevitch. 2006. Noni: The Complete Guide for Con- sumers and Growers. Permanent Agriculture Resources, Holualoa, Hawaii. Disclaimer: The information in this book is for educational purposes only and does not consti- tute, and is not intended to constitute, any means, advice, or recommendations for diagnosing or treating any medical condition, disease, or illness. The authors do not practice medicine and do not dispense medical advice. The authors and publisher strongly encourage readers to consult a li- censed physician or other qualified health care provider before using noni products and about any other matters pertaining to human or veterinary health and medical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential Health Benefits of Noni Juice
    foods Review The Potential Health Benefits of Noni Juice: A Review of Human Intervention Studies Brett J. West 1,* ID , Shixin Deng 1, Fumiyuki Isami 2, Akemi Uwaya 2 and Claude Jarakae Jensen 1 1 Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT 84003, USA; [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (C.J.J.) 2 Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 3-2-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160–0023, Japan; [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (A.U.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 13 March 2018; Accepted: 6 April 2018; Published: 11 April 2018 Abstract: Noni juice is a globally popular health beverage originating in the tropics. Traditional Tahitian healers believe the noni plant to be useful for a wide range of maladies, and noni juice consumers throughout the world have similar perceptions. Nevertheless, human clinical trials are necessary for a precise understanding of what the health benefits of noni juice are. A review of published human intervention studies suggests that noni juice may provide protection against tobacco smoke-induced DNA damage, blood lipid and homocysteine elevation as well as systemic inflammation. Human intervention studies also indicate that noni juice may improve joint health, increase physical endurance, increase immune activity, inhibit glycation of proteins, aid weight management, help maintain bone health in women, help maintain normal blood pressure, and improve gum health. Further, these studies point to notable antioxidant activity in noni juice, more so than other fruit juices which served as trial placebos. It is this antioxidant effect and its interaction with the immune system and inflammation pathways that may account for many of the observed health benefits of noni juice.
    [Show full text]
  • PKD Diet Kidney
    PKD Diet Kidney .........................................................................4 Useful Foods to Enjoy ...................................................................6 Useful Herbs ...............................................................................17 Useful Nuts & Seeds ...................................................................19 Useful Medications .....................................................................20 Useful Other ...............................................................................20 Better Animal Protein Choices ...................................................21 Avoid Foods ................................................................................22 Avoid Herbs................................................................................ 33 Avoid Chemicals .........................................................................34 Other Things to Avoid ...............................................................34 Everyone to Avoid ......................................................................35 Menus .........................................................................................36 Helpful Web Sites .......................................................................41 Dermatological Symptoms .........................................................41 Alkaline Clinical Trial ................................................................42 PKD Diet Kidney A guide to polycystic kidney health through diet by Danevas Second Edition ISBN 978-0-615-44268-6
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential for a New Value Adding Industry for Noni Tropical Fruit Producers
    The Potential for a New Value Adding Industry for Noni Tropical Fruit Producers by Helen Macpherson, Jeff Daniells, Brett Wedding and Craig Davis August 2007 RIRDC Publication No 07/132 RIRDC Project No DAQ-328A © 2007 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 529 7 ISSN 1440-6845 The Potential for a New Value Adding Industry for Noni Tropical Fruit Producers Publication No. 07/132 Project No. DAQ-328A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Morinda Citrifolia) Fruits from Cambodia
    Original article Detailed study of the juice composition of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruits from Cambodia Thavarith CHUNHIENGa, Ly HAYb, Didier MONTETc* a Institut de Technologie Detailed study of the juice composition of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruits from du Cambodge, Département Cambodia. G.C.A., Bd de Pochentong, BP 86, Phnom Penh, Abstract –– Introduction. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) has a long history related to medical uses Cambodia in Southeast Asian countries. Today, noni grows in the majority of the southern Pacific areas, in India, the Caribbean, South America and the West Indies. One of the challenges of recent years b Société Théraprim, was to process Morinda citrifolia fruit juice, to make a more modern drug from a traditional 82 avenue Pablo Picasso, product. In order to obtain better understanding of the medicinal characteristics of the noni fruit 92000 Nanterre, France cultivated in Cambodia, the biochemical and mineral compositions of the raw juice extracted c from M. citrifolia fruits were determined. Materials and methods. Whole fresh fruits of M. citri- CIRAD-AMIS, UR Tropiqual, folia which came to France from Cambodia were preserved at –20 °C during the duration of the TA 40/16, 73 rue J-F Breton, experimentation. Commercial Tahitian noni juice was bought pasteurized to be used as a refe- 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, rence. The extraction was carried out on two batches of Cambodian fruits using a hydraulic press. France Contents in oil, fatty acids, proteins, amino-acids, sugars and minerals of juices were analyzed. [email protected] Results. Composition of noni juice of different origin was determined, compared, and discussed in relation to the biochemical and mineral composition of other vegetable oils.
    [Show full text]
  • Morinda Citrifolia) and Its Clinical Applications T
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine 47 (2019) 102206 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Complementary Therapies in Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ctim Immunomodulatory actions of a Polynesian herb Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and its clinical applications T Madhukar Lohania, Mohammed Majrashib,e, Manoj Govindarajulub, Mansi Patelb, Sindhu Rameshb, Dwipayan Bhattacharyab, Sneha Joshib, Maali Fadanb, Rishi Nadarb, ⁎ Benjamin Darienc, Denzil V. Mauriced, Barbara Kemppainena, Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaranb, a Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830, USA b Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA c Department of Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA d Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, USA e Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a popular traditional medicinal plant consumed in various forms in several countries around the world as a complementary and alternative treatment due to its established health benefits. Noni is rich in bioactive substances and has significantly exhibited pro-oxidant and immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological basis related to the phytochemicals and polysaccharides present in Noni and its potential therapeutic effects. We screened electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus for scientific literature. Our results indicate that Noni is beneficial for various diseases with its crude extracts showing therapeutic benefit for a wide range of pathological diseases. We believe that further pharmacological and toxicological studies in addition to well-designed controlled clinical trials can validate Noni to be an effective and novel natural product for prophylactic and therapeutic use of several diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Noni' -An Amazing Traditional Medicinal Plant of South-East Asia
    International Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products (IJMPNP) Volume 1, Issue 3, October - December 2015, PP 1-14 ISSN 2454-7999 (Online) www.arcjournals.org A Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Importance of ‘Noni’ (Morinda citrifolia L.) N. M. Krishnakumar, P. G. Latha, S. R. Suja, S. Rajasekharan Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) Palode, Thiruvananthapuram [email protected] Abstract: Morinda citrifolia L. commonly known as ‘Noni’ is native to south-east Asian countries and Australia. It is one of the most important traditional medicinal plants and has been heavily prompted for a wide range of uses. The plant has been used for over 2000 years in Polynesia and was formerly cultivated throughout the greater parts of India and now found only in the wild. All parts of the plant are reported to possess medicinal properties. Noni has attained significant economic importance worldwide in recent years because, a variety of health and cosmetic products are made from leaves and fruits. The market for the products is worldwide with the largest market in North America, Mexico, Asia and Australia. More than 200 entities sell Noni products, which are distributed across the globe and enjoy an enormous market share. The ethnomedicinal, therapeutic and nutraceutical potential of the plant is discussed in the present study. Keywords: Ethnomedicinal, nutraceutical, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory. 1. INTRODUCTION Morinda citrifolia L. commonly known as „Noni‟, which is the Hawaiian name is also called as „Indian Mulberry‟ [1]. The plant is native to south-east Asian countries, Australia and Pacific islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) Rubiaceae (Coffee Family) Canary Wood (Australia); Fromager, Murier Indien (French); I (Kosrae); Indian Mulberry (English); Lada (Guam, N
    April 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 4 www.traditionaltree.org Morinda citrifolia (noni) Rubiaceae (coffee family) canary wood (Australia); fromager, murier indien (French); i (Kosrae); Indian mulberry (English); lada (Guam, N. Mariana Islands); kesengel, lel, ngel (Palau); kikiri (Solomon Islands); kura (Fiji); mangal‘wag (Yap); mora de la India (Spanish); nen, nin (Marshall Islands, Chuuk); non (Kiribati); noni (Hawai‘i); nono (Cook Islands, Tahiti); nonu, nonu atoni, gogu atoni (Niue, Samoa, Tonga, Wallace, Futuna); weipwul (Pohnpei) Scot C. Nelson IN BRIEF N o S Distribution Native to Southeast Asia (Indo- Nel C. nesia) and Australia, it now is found through- S. out the tropics. Size Typically 3–6 m (10–20 ft) tall at matu- photo: rity. Habitat Widely adapted to the tropics, 1–800 m (0–2600 ft) depending on latitude, mean annual temperatures of 20–35°C (68– 95°F), annual rainfall of 250–4000 mm (10–160 in). Vegetation Associated with a wide range of common coastal and littoral forest shrubs, as well as numerous cultivated plants. Soils Grows in an extremely wide range of soils. Growth rate Moderate, generally 0.75–1.5 m/ yr (2.5–5 ft/yr). Main agroforestry uses Coastal protection, homegardens. Main products Medicinal. Yields Up to 80,000 kg of fruit per hectare (71,000 lb/ac) annually. Intercropping Traditionally grown in mixed cropping systems throughout the Pacific. Invasive potential Has naturalized outside its native range in many locations throughout the Pacific and the tropics, although it is rarely considered a pest. Developing noni fruits. INTRODUCTION Morinda citrifolia, known commercially as noni, grows widely throughout the Pacific and is one of the most significant sources of traditional medicines among Pacific island societies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Morinda Citrifolia L. (Noni) in Drinking Water on Egg Production and Egg Quality of Sentul Chickens
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 136 (2019) 122-133 EISSN 2392-2192 The effect of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) in drinking water on egg production and egg quality of Sentul Chickens Indrawati Y. Asmara*, Tuti Widjastuti, Iwan Setiawan, Abun Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a common plant used as alternative to synthetic feed additive in poultry production. The study was aimed to determine the effect of Noni juice in drinking water on production and egg quality of Sentul Chickens. Sentul Chicken is an indigenous chicken of Indonesia which have potential as dual-purpose chickens. A total of 20 birds of female Grey Sentul Chickens aged 22 weeks were reared for eight weeks. The observed variables were hen day production, yolk and albumen indexes as well as cholesterol content of yolk egg. The results showed that addition of Noni fruit juice to drinking water significantly increased egg production and reduced yolk index. Also, the treatments reduced the cholesterol of yolk egg of Sentul Chickens. The study reveals that increasing levels of Noni fruit juice in drinking water had positive effects on egg production and egg quality of Sentul chickens. Further studies are needed to have better understanding about the use of Noni fruit in enhancing egg production and egg quality of Sentul chickens. Keywords: Sentul chickens, egg production, egg quality, Morinda citrifolia 1. INTRODUCTION In poultry industry, the usage of synthetic feed additives such as growth promoter antibiotics in chicken feeds is prohibited due to its residue in poultry products.
    [Show full text]
  • Do the Health Claims Made for Morinda Citrifolia (Noni) Harmonize
    DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.8.4495 Health Claims Made for Noni and Current Scientific Knowledge MINI-REVIEW Do the Health Claims Made for Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Harmonize with Current Scientific Knowledge and Evaluation of its Biological Effects Rakesh Kumar Gupta1*, Amit Kumar Patel2 Abstract Morinda citrifolia, also known as Great Morinda, Indian Mulberry, or Noni, is a plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. A number of major chemical compounds have been identified in the leaves, roots, and fruits of the Noni plant. The fruit juice is in high demand in alternative medicine for different kinds for illnesses such as arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, muscle ached and pains, menstrual difficulties, headache, heart diseases, AIDS, gastric ulcer, sprains, mental depression, senility, poor digestion, arteriosclerosis, blood vessel problems, and drug addiction. Several studies have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing effects of Noni in various cancers. Based on a toxicological assessment, Noni juice was considered as safe. Though a large number of in vitro, and, to a certain extent, in vivo studies demonstrated a range of potentially beneficial effects, clinical data are essentially lacking. To what extent the findings from experimental pharmacological studies are of potential clinical relevance is not clear at present and this question needs to be explored in detail before an recommendations can be made. Keywords: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) inflammation - antioxidant - cancer
    [Show full text]