DOCSLIB.ORG

Jfa13-Exe-1-4.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jfa13-Exe-1-4.Pdf CLAUDIO DE SIO CESARI LEARN JAVA FROM SCRATCH AND BECOME A PRO Exercices and Solutions Java for Aliens - Exercises and Solutions Copyright © 2019 by Claudio De Sio Cesari All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the author, except in the case of brief quotations permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the author at the address: [email protected] Editor: Emanuele Giuliani ([email protected]) First Edition (November, 2019) Font licenses Libre Baskerville (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Libre+Baskerville, Impallari Type): OFL Libre Franklin (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Libre+Franklin, Impallari Type): OFL Cousine (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Cousine, Steve Matteson): AL Inconsolata (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Inconsolata, Raph Levien): OFL Roboto (https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto, Christian Robertson): AL Digits (https://www.1001fonts.com/digits-font.html, Dieter Steffmann): FFC Journal Dingbats 3 (https://www.1001fonts.com/journal-dingbats-3-font.html, Dieter Steffmann): FFC Musicals (https://www.1001fonts.com/musicals-font.html, Brain Eaters): FFC Image licenses Curiosity icon (https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/toyger-cat_107975, www.freepik.com): FBL Alien icon (http://www.iconarchive.com/show/free-space-icons-by-goodstuff-no-nonsense/alien-4-icon.html, goodstuffnononsense.com): CC Trick icon (https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/magic-wand_1275106, www.flaticon.com/authors/pause08): FBL License specifications Open Free License (OFL): https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL_web Apache License, Version 2.0 (AL): http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 1001Fonts Free For Commercial Use License (FFC): https://www.1001fonts.com/licenses/ffc.html Flaticon Basic License (FBL): https://file000.flaticon.com/downloads/license/license.pdf CC Attribution 4.0 (CC): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Any other trademarks, service marks, product names or named features are assumed to be the property of their respective owners, and are used only for reference. There is no implied endorsement if we use one of these terms. Table of Contents Introduction to Exercises IX Chapter 1 Exercises 1 Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions 9 Chapter 2 Exercises 21 Chapter 2 Exercise Solutions 33 Chapter 3 Exercises 47 Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions 61 Chapter 4 Exercises 75 Chapter 4 Exercise Solutions 85 V Java for Aliens - Claudio De Sio Cesari (www.javaforaliens.com) Java for Aliens Exercises Introduction to Exercises This document represents, together with the Appendices document, the natural completion of the book “Java for Aliens”. All the exercises have been moved to this document so as not to take space away from the theory and not to increase the cost of the book. For each chapter of the book (and for each appendix, where applicable) specific exercises have been designed to validate (and expand) what has been learned during the study. The exercises are fundamental, essential. The theory is usually clear, but applying the concepts learned is far from easy. Developing not only includes the implementation of the code, but many other components are part of it, and they influence the final result. The exercises that you will find in this document therefore strive to insist on topics that other books treat superficially, or do not deal with at all, such as analysis, design and object-oriented architecture. There are also exercises for all subjects, even for those that may seem trivial to the more experienced reader, but which may be fundamental for the neophyte. In this book, you will find over 600 exercises! Warning! This document will be updated in the future. Currently there are some exercises not yet published since they need some fur- ther revisions. Updates will allow us to carry out further checks on the quality and correctness of the content, and add more exercises. The author will notify any news or information via his social media channels. IX Java for Aliens - Claudio De Sio Cesari (www.javaforaliens.com) Preface Based on reader feedback, this file has been organized and improved clarity and the style, and created exercises that can satisfy all types of readers. There are exercises in which it is required to add parts of code to fix bugs, code algorithms, design simple applications, or create more complex applications step by step. Dozens of single or multiple-choice exercises have also been introduced. They are similar to the test exercises of the Oracle Java programming certification exams. These exercises help in preparing for certifications, and have been set up in such a way that the programmer gains confidence. They often consist, essentially, of reading the code and understanding its meaning and details, and also represent a remarkable test bench for the most expert readers. I’m sure that the reader will appreciate the effort made to achieve such a large number of heterogeneous and original exercises. Unlike many other texts, we have provided solutions for all the exercises (with few excep- tions). Obviously, when it comes to coding a solution, there are hundreds of valid alterna- tives, so we must not consider the proposed solutions as, objectively, the better ones. You can download all the list of solutions and exercises (together with all the code examples included in the text) at the same address where you have downloaded the file you are reading: http://www.javaforaliens.com. Let’s remember once again that, especially for those who are beginners, it is important to start writing all the code by hand, without using copy-paste or special help from the development tool chosen. It is also very important to use comments for all of our code. This will allow us to learn the definitions better, and to have more security when writing code. So, it is fundamental to write the source code on a text editor such as Windows Notepad (as de- scribed in the first chapter) and compile using the command line (see Appendix A). We do not advise performing the exercises of these very first chapters (let’s say the first 4) using a complex IDE like Eclipse or Netbeans... we could end up studying the IDE rather than Java. It is, instead, advisable (if you do not want to have too much to do with Notepad and the com- mand line) to use EJE (https://sourceforge.net/projects/eje) which offers simple utilities designed for those who start to program. For example, it allows us to compile and execute our files by pressing two distinct buttons. EJE is easy to install ( just unzip the file in any folder) and use. How- ever, Appendix M is dedicated to its description. Finally we suggest, after having done an exercise, to consult the relative solution before moving on to the next one (often an exercise is a prerequisite for the next one). For any type of communication, you can write directly to the author at: [email protected]. You can also contact him via the most important social networks and through his personal X Java for Aliens - Claudio De Sio Cesari (www.javaforaliens.com) Preface website (also to keep up to date with news, the Telegram group will notify you only for news concerning this book): E Telegram: http://t.me/java4aliens E Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/claudiodesiocesari E Twitter: http://twitter.com/cdesio E LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/claudiodesio E Internet: http://www.claudiodesio.com E YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/claudiodesiocesari E Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/cdesio Happy working! Claudio De Sio Cesari XI Java for Aliens - Claudio De Sio Cesari (www.javaforaliens.com) Chapter 1 Exercises Introduction to Java The following exercises are designed for those starting from scratch. These exercises have the goal of giving a minimum of confidence with the Java programming environment to the reader. Let’s remember once again that, especially for those who are beginners, it is important to start writing all the code by hand, without copy-paste or special help from the development tool chosen. It is also very important to use comments for every line of code written. This will allow us to learn better the definitions, and to be more aware when writing code. So, it will be fundamental to write the source code on a text editor such as Windows Notepad (as described in the first chapter) and compile using the command line (see Appendix C). We do not recommend performing the exercises of these very first chapters (let’s say the first 4) using a complex IDE like Eclipse or Netbeans... we could end up studying the IDE rather than Java. It is instead advisable (if you do not want to have too much to do with Notepad and the com- mand line) to use EJE (https://sourceforge.net/projects/eje), which offers simple features designed for helping the beginners to start to code. For example, it allows us to compile and execute our files by pressing two distinct buttons. EJE must be downloaded at https://sourceforge.net/projects/eje. It is easy to install ( just unzip the file in any folder) and use. To run it, double- click on the eje.bat file. However, you can find more information in Appendix M. 1 Java for Aliens - Claudio De Sio Cesari (www.javaforaliens.com) Chapter 1 Exercises From Chapter 5 onwards, it will be easier to switch to an IDE, since other development envi- ronments will be explained. Finally we suggest, after having done an exercise, to consult the relative solution before moving on to the next one (often an exercise is a prerequisite for the next one).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HDR Image Analyzer HDR Monitoring Solution
    HDR Image Analyzer HDR Monitoring Solution Installation and Operation Guide Version 1.0 Published December 12, 2018 Notices Trademarks AJA® and Because it matters.® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with most AJA products. AJA™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with recorder, router, software and camera products. Because it matters.™ is a trademark of AJA Video Systems, Inc. for use with camera products. CION®, Corvid Ultra®, lo®, Ki Pro®, KONA®, KUMO®, ROI® and T-Tap® are registered trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. AJA Control Room™, KiStor™, Science of the Beautiful™, TruScale™, TruZoom™, V2Analog™ and V2Digital™ are trademarks of AJA Video Systems, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Copyright Copyright © 2018 AJA Video Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of the document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, without the express written permission of AJA Video Systems, Inc. See "Colorfront Copyright Notices" on page 53 for more information. Contacting AJA Support When calling for support, have all information at hand prior to calling. To contact AJA for sales or support, use any of the following methods: Telephone +1.530.271.3190 FAX +1.530.271.3140 Web https://www.aja.com Support Email [email protected] Sales Email [email protected] HDR Image Analyzer v1.0 2 www.aja.com Contents Notices . .2 Trademarks . 2 Copyright . 2 Contacting AJA Support . 2 Chapter 1 – Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Translate's Localization Guide
    Translate’s Localization Guide Release 0.9.0 Translate Jun 26, 2020 Contents 1 Localisation Guide 1 2 Glossary 191 3 Language Information 195 i ii CHAPTER 1 Localisation Guide The general aim of this document is not to replace other well written works but to draw them together. So for instance the section on projects contains information that should help you get started and point you to the documents that are often hard to find. The section of translation should provide a general enough overview of common mistakes and pitfalls. We have found the localisation community very fragmented and hope that through this document we can bring people together and unify information that is out there but in many many different places. The one section that we feel is unique is the guide to developers – they make assumptions about localisation without fully understanding the implications, we complain but honestly there is not one place that can help give a developer and overview of what is needed from them, we hope that the developer section goes a long way to solving that issue. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide one reference for localisers. You will find lots of information on localising and packaging on the web but not a single resource that can guide you. Most of the information is also domain specific ie it addresses KDE, Mozilla, etc. We hope that this is more general. This document also goes beyond the technical aspects of localisation which seems to be the domain of other lo- calisation documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Download It Here
    Time to Show and Tell Neal Stephenson likens operating systems to cars. In his analogy, Windows is a station wagon and Mac OS is an expensive, attractive European-style car. The two are available in dealerships, along with all the normal service options. Linux, on the other hand, is a tank. Not only a tank, but a free one. It's a stronger, faster, more reliable vehicle with a personal approach to maintenance. But it doesn't have a dealership or ad budget. Libre Graphics is in a similar situation. It's strong, fast, reliable and even diverse. It has great community support and investment. And like Stephenson's tanks, it's being cranked out and offered to anyone who will take it. Both the Libre Graphics Meeting and this magazine exist to serve the Libre Graphics community. LGM, now in its fifth year, has been a venue for developers to meet, organize and work. In this magazine, we present to you the output of that work. Libre Graphics #0 showcases the work of developers, users, artists and people with any number of other titles. Some do performance art, some make films. In common, they have Libre Graphics. Why make new fonts? Dave Crossland (www.understandingfonts.com) "Why make new fonts?" is the most common question I have been asked since I set out to become a typeface designer. When I mention I did a Masters degree in the subject, at the University of Reading, England, I sometimes meet genuine surprise that this subject is studied seriously. Often, people haven't ever thought about where fonts come from, since the fonts on their computer are just there, you know? We see different fonts out in the world constantly, so we all know there sure are a lot of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Barracuda Firewall Quick Integration Guide for Packetfence Version 7.4.0 Barracuda Firewall Quick Integration Guide by Inverse Inc
    Barracuda firewall Quick Integration Guide for PacketFence version 7.4.0 Barracuda firewall Quick Integration Guide by Inverse Inc. Version 7.4.0 - Jan 2018 Copyright © 2014 Inverse inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". The fonts used in this guide are licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. This license is available with a FAQ at: http:// scripts.sil.org/OFL Copyright © Łukasz Dziedzic, http://www.latofonts.com, with Reserved Font Name: "Lato". Copyright © Raph Levien, http://levien.com/, with Reserved Font Name: "Inconsolata". Table of Contents About this Guide ............................................................................................................... 1 Assumptions ..................................................................................................................... 2 Quick installation ............................................................................................................... 3 Step 1: Configuration of the Barracuda in PacketFence ................................................. 3 Step 2: Verification .................................................................................................... 4 Copyright © 2014 Inverse inc. iii
    [Show full text]
  • Dfdiscover 2021 Version 5.4.0 Release and Installation Notes Dfdiscover 2021 Version 5.4.0 Release and Installation Notes Version 5.4.0
    DFdiscover 2021 Version 5.4.0 Release and Installation Notes DFdiscover 2021 Version 5.4.0 Release and Installation Notes Version 5.4.0 Publication date May 19, 2021 Copyright © 2021 DF/Net Research, Inc. Abstract The release notes for version 5.4.0 summarize the new features that have been added and those features that have been changed. It also details any unique requirements of the installation process. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be re-transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of DF/Net Research, Inc. Permission is granted for internal re-distribution of this publication by the license holder and their employees for internal use only, provided that the copyright notices and this permission notice appear in all copies. The information in this document is furnished for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. DF/Net Research, Inc. assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies in this document or for any omissions from it. All products or services mentioned in this document are covered by the trademarks, service marks, or product names as designated by the companies who market those products. Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google LLC. Android is a trademark of Google LLC. App Store is a trademark of Apple Inc. Table of Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Christoph Knoth PB Computed Type Design 
    COMPUTED TYPE DESIGN Christoph Knoth PB Computed Type Design A Abstract A lot of tasks in font design are interlinked and a change on one Is it possible to create a far more easy to use program to letter will maybe create hours of work on others. The idea of a design western characters by trying to analyze the strongness parametrical typeface could minimize those problems and would and weakness of other approaches? And does a programmatic allow to design an infinite number of typefaces at the same approach to type design help to create new and interesting time. curves and shapes for letterforms something that would not • I will try to understand why this way of designing a font have been imagined before? never got widely adopted. If it is possible to create a more easy to use program to design western characters. And finally if this approach to type design would help to create new and interesting curves and shapes for letterforms. C History To understand how type design works today one has to B Introduction understand the history of type design. That is why I have collected some early historical samples that show first approaches for a mathematical notation and a systematical Type design is a long and tedious process. Just to design modification and variation of fonts in a pre computer era. the basic letters takes days and it sometimes takes years for • Followed by a short chapter about the curve and another a full character set. The process has changed over time with chapter where I will try to shed some light on the changes that technology evolving giving the designer more and more the computer brought to the type design industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Libreoffice Style.Pdf
    Framasoft est un réseau d©éducation populaire, issu du monde éduca- tif, consacré principalement au logiciel libre. Il s©organise en trois axes sur un mode collaboratif: promotion, diffusion et développe- ment de logiciels libres, enrichissement de la culture libre et offre de services libres en ligne. Pour plus d'informations sur Framasoft, consultez http://www.framasoft.org Se démarquant de l'édition classique, les Framabooks sont dits « livres libres » parce qu'ils sont placés sous une licence qui permet au lecteur de disposer des mêmes libertés qu'un utilisateur de logi- ciels libres. Les Framabooks s'inscrivent dans cette culture des biens communs qui favorise la création, le partage, la diffusion et l'appro- priation collective de la connaissance. Pour plus d'informations sur le projet Framabook, consultez http://framabook.org *** Titre original : Designing with Libre Office Auteur et copyright : Bruce Byfield (mars 2016) Site web : http://designingwithlibreoffice.com Titre (fr) : LibreOffice Writer, c'est stylé ! Traduction et adaptation : Christophe Masutti, Framabook (avril 2018) Site web : https://framabook.org Licence : CC-By-Sa ISBN : 979-10-92674-20-0 LibreOffice Writer, c'est stylé ! Auteur : Bruce BYFIELD Trad. Fr. & Adapt. : Christophe MASUTTI Licence Creative Commons ±By ±Sa Préface du tradaptateur Il manquait à la collection Framabook un manuel dédié spécifique- ment à LibreOffice et son traitement de texte. Certes, Internet ne manque pas de ressources pour qui cherche une procédure particu- lière dans LibreOffice. On peut mentionner l'excellent Wiki multi- lingue de la Document Foundation consacré à l'aide de LibreOffice (wiki.documentfoundation.org). En revanche, rares sont les ouvrages dédiés qui, en plus d'apporter une collection de procédures, donnent des conseils et des exemples d'usages pour utiliser un traitement de texte.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Phong Vk Sans Serif
    Download phong vk sans serif Gilroy font vk. Jul 11, Download and install the Gilroy free font family by Radomir Dec 1, Gilroy is a modern sans serif with a geometric touch. Download, view, test-drive, bookmark free fonts. Features more than + results for font vk-sans serif. Related Rotis® W1G Sans Serif Volume Value Pack. We have free sans-serif fonts to offer for direct downloading · Fonts is your favorite site for free fonts since Intelo font vk. Jun 30, Download the free Clear Sans font by Intel. It could . It is a sans-serif font created in and has been downloaded times. Download the. free trial version below to get started. Fonts Vk Sans Serif Download For Powerpoint. Download Microsoft Sans Serif font free! Giao diện màn hình dùng font TCVN3 là MS Sans Serif. Đầu tiên bạn search xem cái tập tin nằm ở folder nào (nếu chưa có thì có thể download tại. source-sans-pro - Sans serif font family for user interface environments. Clone or download Download the fonts (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2, EOT). Making the web more beautiful, fast, and open through great typography. Browse the commercial free fonts classified as sans serif. Download OTF. Z Y M m 20db Jovanny Alegreya Sans font family by Juan Pablo del Peral. Download and install the Montserrat free font family by Julieta Ulanovsky as well as Z Y M m; Julieta Ulanovsky · sans serif; 18 Styles. Download and install the Inconsolata free font family by Raph Levien as well as test- drive and see a complete character set.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Inkscape and Scribus to Increase Business Productivity
    MultiSpectra Consultants White Paper Using Inkscape and Scribus to Increase Business Productivity Dr. Amartya Kumar Bhattacharya BCE (Hons.) ( Jadavpur ), MTech ( Civil ) ( IIT Kharagpur ), PhD ( Civil ) ( IIT Kharagpur ), Cert.MTERM ( AIT Bangkok ), CEng(I), FIE, FACCE(I), FISH, FIWRS, FIPHE, FIAH, FAE, MIGS, MIGS – Kolkata Chapter, MIGS – Chennai Chapter, MISTE, MAHI, MISCA, MIAHS, MISTAM, MNSFMFP, MIIBE, MICI, MIEES, MCITP, MISRS, MISRMTT, MAGGS, MCSI, MIAENG, MMBSI, MBMSM Chairman and Managing Director, MultiSpectra Consultants, 23, Biplabi Ambika Chakraborty Sarani, Kolkata – 700029, West Bengal, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://multispectraconsultants.com Businesses are under continuous pressure to cut costs and increase productivity. In modern businesses, computer hardware and software and ancillaries are a major cost factor. It is worthwhile for every business to investigate how best it can leverage the power of open source software to reduce expenses and increase revenues. Businesses that restrict themselves to proprietary software like Microsoft Office get a raw deal. Not only do they have to pay for the software but they have to factor-in the cost incurred in every instance the software becomes corrupt. This includes the fee required to be paid to the computer technician to re-install the software. All this creates a vicious environment where cost and delays keep mounting. It should be a primary aim of every business to develop a system where maintenance becomes automated to the maximum possible extent. This is where open source software like LibreOffice, Apache OpenOffice, Scribus, GIMP, Inkscape, Firefox, Thunderbird, WordPress, VLC media player, etc. come in. My company, MultiSpectra Consultants, uses open source software to the maximum possible extent thereby streamlining business processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Free Font Movement
    THEFREEFONTMOVEMENT david crossland Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA Typeface Design, University of Reading, 2008 Copyright © 2008 David Crossland This document is licensed under a ‘Creative Commons Attribution – No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported’ license. Verbatim copying and redistribution of this entire document is permitted worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. Full terms are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ Typeset on September 15, 2008 at 11:23, containing 13,739 words. Dedicated to +Fravia In the study of ideas, it is necessary to remember that insistence on hard-headed clarity issues from sentimental feeling, as it were a mist, cloaking the perplexities of fact. Insistence on clarity at all costs is based on sheer superstition as to the mode in which human intelligence functions. Our reasonings grasp at straws for premises and float on gossamers for deductions. — A. N. Whitehead, "Adventures in Ideas."(McLuhan, 1967) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Ben Weiner, Nicolas Spalinger, Richard Stallman, Karl Berry, Benjamin Mako Hill, Jim Blandy, Raph Levien, Femke Pierre and Harrison at OSP, Bruce Perens, Pierre Marchand, Peter Linnel, Louis Dejardin, Miles Metcalfe, Ian Forrester, Bahi Para, Gus- tavo Ferreira, Andy Fitzsimon, Andy Ellis, Alexandre Prodoukine, Jon Philips, Ed Trager, Liam Quin, Rob Savoye, MJ Ray, Tom Lord, and Canny Kwok. iv ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the emerging free font movement, a small part of the larger free software and free culture movements. Part A provides an overview of key concepts in the free software and culture movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications of the Tex Users Group 2013 U.S.A
    “The Internet is completely decent- ralized,” Mr. Rimovsky said. [anonymous] International Herald Tribune (14 September 1998) COMMUNICATIONS OF THE TEX USERS GROUP EDITOR BARBARA BEETON VOLUME 34, NUMBER 2 • 2013 PORTLAND • OREGON • U.S.A. 110 TUGboat, Volume 34 (2013), No. 2 TUGboat editorial information Suggestions and proposals for TUGboat articles are This regular issue (Vol. 34, No. 2) is the second gratefully accepted. Please submit contributions by elec- issue of the 2013 volume year. tronic mail to [email protected]. TUGboat is distributed as a benefit of member- Effective with the 2005 volume year, submission of ship to all current TUG members. It is also available a new manuscript implies permission to publish the ar- TUGboat to non-members in printed form through the TUG store ticle, if accepted, on the web site, as well as (http://tug.org/store), and online at the TUGboat in print. Thus, the physical address you provide in the web site, http://tug.org/TUGboat. Online publication manuscript will also be available online. If you have any to non-members is delayed up to one year after print reservations about posting online, please notify the edi- publication, to give members the benefit of early access. tors at the time of submission and we will be happy to Submissions to TUGboat are reviewed by volun- make special arrangements. teers and checked by the Editor before publication. How- TUGboat editorial board ever, the authors are still assumed to be the experts. Barbara Beeton, Editor-in-Chief Questions regarding content or accuracy should there- Karl Berry, Production Manager fore be directed to the authors, with an information copy Boris Veytsman, Associate Editor, Book Reviews to the Editor.
    [Show full text]
  • Is 2-D Graphics the Next Killer App for Linux? 1 Introduction 2 the Evolution of Resolution
    Is 2-D graphics the next killer app for Linux? Raph Levien artofcode LLC Abstract This paper describes some of the technical issues and challenges involved in high quality 2D graphics displays. We further describe a number of projects that provide infrastructure for 2D graphics applications under Linux and other free operating systems. 1 Introduction The compelling technical strengths of Linux and other free software systems in multitasking and networking have brought it considerable success in the area of Web servers. In this presentation, I demonstrate that the similar technical strengths free software is gaining in 2D graphics, and argue that this area could be the next “killer app” for Linux. Advances in display technology present an opportunity and a challenge for 2D graphics software. As resolutions pass 140 dpi for CRT’s and 200 dpi for LCD’s, the user experience becomes a sharp, clear display of information rather than a field of pixels, with a dilemma between smooth but fuzzy antialiasing, or sharp but jaggy edges. These displays pose a formidable challenge to drive well. First, software must be designed to be scalable, or resolution independent. Second, at these resolutions, good antialiasing is crucial for the highest quality. Third, these displays require generating pixels at a very high bandwidth. Fortunately, between existing technology and new projects in development, Linux will meet these challenges. We will present and demonstrate four particularly instructive technologies: Ghostscript is a mature program, long having provided scalable, resolution independent rendering for both screen and printer. We will demonstrate the new transparency and blending capabilities of PDF 1.4, scheduled for the next major release.
    [Show full text]