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Interactive Training for All-Hazards Emergency Planning, Preparation, and Response SYNTHESIS 468 Job No. XXXX Pantone 202 C 92+ pages; Perfect Bind with SPINE COPY = 14 pts ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED Washington, D.C. 20001 500 Fifth Street, N.W. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NCHRP SYNTHESIS 468 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH NCHRP PROGRAM Interactive Training for All-Hazards Emergency Planning, Preparation, and Response SYNTHESIS 468 Interactive Training for All- Hazards Emergency Planning, Preparation, and Response for Maintenance and Operations Field Personnel Maintenance and Operations Field Personnel A Synthesis of Highway Practice TRB NEED SPINE WIDTH TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2014 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE* Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications: OFFICERS A4A Airlines for America Chair: Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing AAAE American Association of Airport Executives Vice Chair: Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Studies, University of California, Davis ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act MEMBERS APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers VICTORIA A. ARROYO, Executive Director, Georgetown Climate Center, and Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers Washington, DC ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials SCOTT E. BENNETT, Director, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Little Rock ATA American Tr ucking Associations DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Tr uck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program JAMES M. CRITES, Executive Vice President of Operations, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, TX DHS Department of Homeland Security MALCOLM DOUGHERTY, Director, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento DOE Department of Energy A. STEWART FOTHERINGHAM, Professor and Director, Centre for Geoinformatics, School of Geography and Geosciences, University EPA Environmental Protection Agency of St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom FAA Federal Aviation Administration JOHN S. HALIKOWSKI, Director, Arizona DOT, Phoenix FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration MICHAEL W. HANCOCK, Secretary, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort FRA Federal Railroad Administration SUSAN HANSON, Distinguished University Professor Emerita, School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA FTA Federal Transit Administration STEVE HEMINGER, Executive Director, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, CA HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON, Duquesne Light Professor of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 JEFFREY D. HOLT, Managing Director, Bank of Montreal Capital Markets, and Chairman, Utah Transportation Commission, ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers Huntsville, Utah MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) GARY P. LaGRANGE, President and CEO, Port of New Orleans, LA NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration MICHAEL P. LEWIS, Director, Rhode Island DOT, Providence NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials JOAN McDONALD, Commissioner, New York State DOT, Albany NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program ABBAS MOHADDES, President and CEO, Iteris, Inc., Santa Ana, CA NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DONALD A. OSTERBERG, Senior Vice President, Safety and Security, Schneider National, Inc., Green Bay, WI NTSB National Transportation Safety Board STEVEN W. PALMER, Vice President of Transportation, Lowe’s Companies, Inc., Mooresville, NC PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration SANDRA ROSENBLOOM, Professor, University of Texas, Austin RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: KUMARES C. SINHA, Olson Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN A Legacy for Users (2005) GARY C. THOMAS, President and Executive Director, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Dallas, TX TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program PAUL TROMBINO III, Director, Iowa DOT, Ames TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) PHILLIP A. WASHINGTON, General Manager, Regional Transportation District, Denver, CO TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation EX OFFICIO MEMBERS THOMAS P. BOSTICK (Lt. General, U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC TIMOTHY P. BUTTERS, Acting Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. DOT ALISON JANE CONWAY, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York, NY, and Chair, TRB Young Member Council T. F. SCOTT DARLING III, Acting Administrator and Chief Counsel, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. DOT ANNE S. FERRO, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. DOT DAVID J. FRIEDMAN, Acting Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. DOT LeROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior JOHN T. GRAY II, Senior Vice President, Policy and Economics, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC MICHAEL P. HUERTA, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. DOT PAUL N. JAENICHEN, SR., Acting Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S. DOT THERESE W. McMILLAN, Acting Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. DOT MICHAEL P. MELANIPHY, President and CEO, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC GREGORY G. NADEAU, Acting Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. DOT PETER M. ROGOFF, Under Secretary for Policy, U.S. DOT CRAIG A. RUTLAND, U.S. Air Force Pavement Engineer, Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL JOSEPH C. SZABO, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. DOT BARRY R. WALLERSTEIN, Executive Officer, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Diamond Bar, CA GREGORY D. WINFREE, Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, Office of the Secretary, U.S. DOT FREDERICK G. (BUD) WRIGHT, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC PAUL F. ZUKUNFT (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security * Membership as of November 2014. NEED SPINE WIDTH NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP SYNTHESIS 468 Interactive Training for All-Hazards Emergency Planning, Preparation, and Response for Maintenance and Operations Field Personnel A Synthesis of Highway Practice CONSULTANTS Yuko J. Nakanishi and Pierre M. Auza Nakanishi Research and Consulting, LLC Forest Hills, New York SUBSCRIBER CATEGORIES Highways • Maintenance and Preservation • Security and Emergencies Research Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in Cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2015 www.TRB.org NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM NCHRP SYNTHESIS 468 Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective Project 20-05 (Topic 44-12) approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administra- ISSN 0547-5570 tors and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and ISBN 978-0-309-27158-5 can best be studied by highway departments individually or in coop- Library of Congress Control No. 2014954139 eration with their state universities and others. However, the accelerat- ing growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are © 2015 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials COPYRIGHT INFORMATION initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their manuscripts employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Asso- own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material ciation and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal used herein. Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to repro- The Transportation Research Board of the National Research Coun- duce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit
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