DOCSLIB.ORG

Religion and International Relations: a Primer for Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religion and International Relations: a Primer for Research Religion and International Relations: A Primer for Research The Report of the Working Group on International Relations and Religion of the Mellon Initiative on Religion Across the Disciplines University of Notre Dame Working Group Members Michael C. Desch, University of Notre Dame (co-convener) Daniel Philpott, University of Notre Dame (co-convener) William T. Cavanaugh, DePaul University Kirstin Hasler, University of Notre Dame Ron E. Hassner, University of California, Berkeley William Inboden, University of Texas-Austin Atalia Omer, University of Notre Dame Sebastian Rosato, University of Notre Dame Nilay Saiya, State University of New York, Brockport Timothy Samuel Shah, Georgetown University Jack Snyder, Columbia University Monica Duffy Toft, Oxford University Ernesto Verdeja, University of Notre Dame Table of Contents Part One: Introduction 1. “Introduction” ...…………………………………………………………………………………. 6 2. Michael C. Desch, “The Coming Reformation of Religion in International Affairs? The Demise of the Secularization Thesis and the Rise of New Thinking About Religion” ………………………………………………………………………………….... 14 Part Two: What Is Religion and How Does It Shape International Relations? 3. William T. Cavanaugh, “What is Religion?” ………………………………………… 56 4. Ron E. Hassner, “Religion as a Variable” ……………………………………………. 68 5. Daniel Philpott, “The Religious Roots of International Relations Theory” ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 76 6. Timothy Samuel Shah, “Religion and International Relations: Normative Issues” ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 87 7. Ernesto Verdeja, “International Political Theology” ………….……………….. 103 Part Three: What Are Religion’s Most Important Manifestations in International Relations? 8. Atalia Omer, “Religion and Nationalism: What’s the Link?” ……………….. 111 9. Kirstin Hasler, “International Relations Theory and Nationalism: Any Room For Religion?” ……………………………………………………………………………………. 133 10. Monica Duffy Toft, “Religion and Civil Wars: Next Steps?” ……………….. 142 11. Nilay Saiya, “Religion and Terrorism: What Remains to be Said?” ……… 152 12. William Inboden, “Religion and International Relations: How Should Policy- Makers Think About Religion?” …………………………………………………………… 163 Part Four: Conclusions 13. Sebastian Rosato, “The Sufficiency of Secular International Relations Theory” …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 176 2 14. “Conclusion” ……………………………………………………………………………….. 184 3 Members of the Working Group William T. Cavanaugh is Senior Research Professor at the Center for World Catholicism and Intercultural Theology at DePaul University. His most recent books are The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict (Oxford, 2009) and Migrations of the Holy: God, State and the Political Meaning of the Church (Eerdmans, 2011). Michael Desch is Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame and author most recently of Power and Military Effectiveness: The Fallacy of Democratic Triumphalism (Johns Hopkins, 2008). Kirstin Hasler is a graduate student at the University of Notre Dame, specializing in international relations. Her dissertation focuses on the role of nationalism in combat effectiveness. Ron E. Hassner is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley. His most recent books are War on Sacred Grounds (Cornell, 2009), and Religion in the Military Worldwide (Cambridge, 2013). William Inboden is Assistant Professor at the LBJ School of Public Affairs and Executive Director of the Clements Center for History, Strategy, and Statecraft at the University of Texas-Austin. Atalia Omer is Assistant Professor of Religion, Conflict, and Peace Studies at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies and a faculty fellow at the Center for the Study of Religion and Society, both at the University of Notre Dame. Her most recent books are When Peace Is Not Enough: How the Israeli Peace Camp Thinks about Religion, Nationalism, and Justice (University of Chicago Press, 2013) and Religious Nationalism: A Reference Handbook (ABC- CLIO, 2013). Daniel Philpott is Professor of Political Science and Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame and author most recently of Just and Unjust Peace: An Ethic of Political Reconciliation (Oxford University Press, 2012). Sebastian Rosato is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame. He is the author of Europe United: Power Politics and the Making of the European Community (Cornell University Press, 2011). Nilay Saiya is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Director of International Studies at the State University of New York, Brockport. He is interested in the role of religion in foreign policy making and religious violence. Timothy Samuel Shah is Associate Director of the Religious Freedom Project at the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs and Visiting 4 Assistant Professor in the Government Department, Georgetown University. He is the author most recently of Religious Freedom: Why Now? Defending an Embattled Human Right (Witherspoon Institute, 2012). Jack Snyder is the Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations in the Political Science Department and the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University. His books include Religion and International Relations Theory (Columbia University Press, 2011); Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War (MIT Press, 2005), co-authored with Edward D. Mansfield; and Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition (Cornell University Press, 1991). Monica Duffy Toft is Professor of Government and Public Policy at the University of Oxford’s Blavatnik School of Government. She is the author of six books and is currently writing a book on the role of religion in motivating leaders in politics and finishing a series of articles on Islamist violence, insurgency, and counterinsurgency in the Caucasus since 1990. Ernesto Verdeja is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame and author of Unchopping A Tree: Reconciliation in the Aftermath of Political Violence (Temple University Press, 2009). 5 Introduction Over the past decade-and-a-half, the academic study of religion and international relations has sprouted from a sparse scattering of works into a vibrant body of scholarship. The Working Group on International Relations and Religion, funded by a grant from the Mellon Foundation to the University of Notre Dame, met four times over two-and-a-half years to assess this trend, asking how far scholarship on religion and international relations has come and where it might go. The group’s task, though, was not merely to explore the existing literature but also to engage broad questions: What is religion and how has it shaped the international system of states and international relations theory? And, how is religion most importantly manifested in contemporary international relations? The resulting report offers insights for all who are interested in research on religion and international relations, whether they are scholars, students, practitioners, or general readers. The report’s center of gravity lies in political science, with ten of its thirteen contributors hailing from this field, but also manifests disciplinary breadth. One contributor is a theologian, William T. Cavanaugh, who is one of the past decade’s most innovative and provocative scholars of religion and its relationship to politics, violence, and the nation-state. Atalia Omer, one of the leading young scholars in the field of religious studies, both engages the work of political scientists in this area and points to pathways of inquiry in other disciplines. William Inboden, a historian and a former U.S. foreign policy official, has pioneered the connection between religion and international relations in these other realms. Even the political scientists include 6 political philosophers, empirical scholars, and those who combine these approaches. The ensuing reflections, then, entail diverse methodologies, angles of inquiry, substantive emphases, and viewpoints, sometimes manifesting interesting disagreements among one another. Michael Desch, one of the working group’s two co-conveners, leads off with an essay that explores the rise of “new thinking” on religion and international relations. A body of scholarship on the subject has emerged, he agrees, but it remains marginal in the political science subfield of international relations. Behind this marginalization is the persistent power of the secularization thesis, which holds that religion is irrational, inherently violent, and doomed for extinction, and which has dominated not only international relations research but also the western academy until recently. Desch argues that the secularization thesis is dead wrong, allies himself with a growing group of critics of the thesis, and offers fresh research that refutes it. He identifies and assesses the promise of three waves in the new scholarship on religion and international relations. The next five essays, constituting Part Two of the report, focus on foundational issues in research on religion and international relations, revolving around the questions, What is religion?, How ought we to conceptualize religion’s influence?, and How has religion shaped the assumptions and theories that underlie international relations? If scholars of religion and international relations are to proceed ahead with their research, they need to clarify what they mean by religion,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Impact of Religion on Political Decision-Making in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
    School of Sociology and Public Policy Department of History The impact of religion on political decision-making in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Debating Judaism and Zionism Ruth Esther Schwarz Thesis submitted as partial requirement for the conferral of Master in International Studies Thesis Advisor: PhD Giulia Daniele Invited Assistant Professor CEI - Center of International Studies ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa June 2018 Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank my thesis advisor Giulia Daniele for her very reliable guidance and the many helpful advices for my master thesis. Secondly, I thank my Palestinian friend Emad Zreneh, whose personal view regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict widened my horizon and inspired me to search for a deeper understanding of the nature of the conflict today. Furthermore, I want to express my gratitude towards my family for all their continuous support. Last but not least, I would like to thank my inspiring friends Annalisa Neher, Julia Burgdorff, and Dorit Kämpfer in Germany for their encouragement and presence, despite physical distance, as well as Danielle de Sotti Novais and Zanre Reed in Portugal. i Resumo Persiste até aos nossos dias uma grande confusão relativamente ao significado dos termos judaísmo e sionismo, tanto dentro como fora do Israel. A opinião popular que os termos são sinónimos implica a suposição falsa que antisionismo é igual a antissemitismo, o que permite ao regime de direita de Israel fazer uso desta falácia com o fim de justificar a colonização contínua da Palestina. Com base no trabalho dos chamados Novos Historiadores de Israel, esta dissertação de mestrado visa desconstruir o pensamento convencional a respeito dos termos judaísmo e sionismo, analisando a natureza dos principais fluxos ideológicos e suas interconexões complexas antes e depois de 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colonial Past Is Never Dead. It's Not Even Past: Histories of Empire
    Matthew G. Stanard The colonial past is never dead. It’s not even past: Histories of Empire, Decolonization, and European Cultures after 1945 Abstract: History writing about empire is thriving, although few could have pre- dicted this in the 1980s, when the field was moribund. This article examines the history and historiography of post-1945 empires and decolonization, observing how international and economic developments, combined with changes to the history profession, revived the field in the 1990s. From this resurgence emerged the “new imperial history,” with its focus on imperialism and culture, although some debate whether Europe ever developed a “colonial culture.” The essay assesses recent works on the legacies of empire and decolonization that indicate what we know about colonial culture at this juncture, and how it should be studied. It also identifies obstacles like missed collaborations between postcolonial studies and history writing, and terminological issues, including problems with the label “new imperial history.” The essay concludes by indicating directions for future research: into the forms of decolonization; toward greater inclusion of the “smaller” empires; toward fuller comparison of cultures and empires; and into migration’s effects on Europe. Stepping off the tram at one downtown stop in Brussels back in 2002 or 2003, I noticed two men in a scuffle, one black, one white. It don’t know what started it, but my impression was that an accidental bump on the crowded platform set the white man off. I couldn’t hear their exchange as they confronted each other before parting ways, but there was no doubt what the white man yelled at the black man as he walked off, no more than a few meters away: “macaque!” – “monkey!” One could interpret the white man’s outburst as a remnant of Belgium’s colo- nial past, meaning Europe’s “age of empire” had somehow lived on into even the 21st Century.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique of Religion As Politics in the Public Sphere
    DigitalCommons@NYLS Articles & Chapters Faculty Scholarship 1993 A Critique of Religion as Politics in the Public Sphere Ruti Teitel New York Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_articles_chapters Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation 78 Cornell L. Rev. 747 (1992-1993) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles & Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@NYLS. A CRITIQUE OF RELIGION AS POLITICS IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE Ruti Teitel t TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 7 48 I. THE CALL FROM POLITICS •••.••.•••••••••••..••••••••• 750 A. Epistemology and Lawmaking ...................... 750 B. Of Beliefs and Conversation . 752 C. Of Fragmentation and Consensus . 754 II. THE CALL FROM RELIGION •.••.•••••••.•••.•••••••••••• 756 A. The Original Separation Model . 7 56 B. Three Antinomies of Separation . 759 C. The New Engagement . 760 D. The Retreat from the Original Model . 762 E. Of Fragmentation and Consensus . 763 III. RELIGION, POLITICS, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW • • . • . • • • 766 A. The Original Neutrality Principle . 766 B. The New Neutrality: Religion as Politics ........... 768 1. In Legislative Decisionmaking . 768 2. In Individual Decisionmaking and Free Exercise Clause Doctrine......................................... 773 3. Employment Division v. Smith and Religion as Politics.......................................... 774 C. Religion as Politics and the Analogy to Political Speech ............................................ 777 IV. THE DISCOURSE MODEL • . • • . • • • . • • . • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • . 780 A. The Call to Conversation . 780 B. The Commitment to Conversation . 781 C. The Commitment to Equality of Access . 782 D. Of Duty and of Civility . 783 t Associate Professor of Law, New York Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Religion in Politics. the Case of Shia-Islamism in Iraq
    NJRS-2-2009.fm Page 123 Tuesday, October 13, 2009 9:32 AM Nordic Journal of Religion and Society (2009), 22 (2): 123–143 Søren Schmidt THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN POLITICS. THE CASE OF SHIA-ISLAMISM IN IRAQ Abstract How are we to interpret the role of Shia-Islam in recent political developments in Iraq? What was the relationship between the Shia-Islamist parties and Shia-Islamic institutions in these develop- ments, and what is their relationship to-day? Was it about installing a new Shia-Islamic theocracy, or was Shia-Islam, its ritual practices, ideology and institutions rather the fulcrum which allowed the historically marginalised Shiite population to assert itself politically within the Iraqi polity? These are some of the questions which are posed in this article in order to provide a better under- standing of the relationship between Shia-Islam and Shia-Islamist politics and, from a wider per- spective, between religion and politics. In answering these questions, the article applies the socio- political conflict explanatory model, which draws attention to the historical contingency of the interplay between socio-cultural, political, and religious factors. Keywords: Shia-Islamism, Shia-Islam, Iraq, politics, religion Introduction In the 1960s, Nuri al-Maliki was a young student in the town of Abu Gharaq in central Iraq, where the population predominantly belongs to the Shiite branch of Islam. His- torically, the Shiites in Iraq, who constituted roughly 60% of the population, tended to live in areas with access to few resources and on the poorest land. The Government was in the hands of the Ba’th party and a narrow political elite.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaker Bios
    Intelligence Reform and Counterterrorism after a Decade: Are We Smarter and Safer? October 16 – 18, 2014 University of Texas at Austin THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16 Blanton Museum, UT Campus 4:00-5:00pm Welcome Remarks and Discussion: Admiral William McRaven (ret.) Admiral McRaven is the ninth commander of United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, Fla. USSOCOM ensures the readiness of joint special operations forces and, as directed, conducts operations worldwide. McRaven served from June 2008 to June 2011 as the 11th commander of Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) headquartered at Fort Bragg, N.C. JSOC is charged to study special operations requirements and techniques, ensure interoperability and equipment standardization, plan and conduct special operations exercises and training, and develop joint special operations tactics. He served from June 2006 to March 2008 as commander, Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR). In addition to his duties as commander, SOCEUR, he was designated as the first director of the NATO Special Operations Forces Coordination Centre where he was charged with enhancing the capabilities and interoperability of all NATO Special Operations Forces. McRaven has commanded at every level within the special operations community, including assignments as deputy commanding general for Operations at JSOC; commodore of Naval Special Warfare Group One; commander of SEAL Team Three; task group commander in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility; task unit commander during Desert Storm and Desert Shield; squadron commander at Naval Special Warfare Development Group; and SEAL platoon commander at Underwater Demolition Team 21/SEAL Team Four. His diverse staff and interagency experience includes assignments as the director for Strategic Planning in the Office of Combating Terrorism on the National Security Council Staff; assessment director at USSOCOM, on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, and the chief of staff at Naval Special Warfare Group One.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction Between Religion and Politics in the Contemporary World
    THE INTERACTION BETWEEN RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Wednesday 16 March 2011 The River Room, House of Lords At a seminar chaired by the Lord Speaker, Baroness Hayman, in the House of Lords, Members of the House and senior journalists discussed the impact of religion on contemporary global and domestic politics, the interaction of faith with political structures and institutions, and the place of religion in public life. Short introductory speeches were delivered by three Members before the debate was opened up to the floor. In the first of the opening speeches, Lord Sacks, the Chief Rabbi, reflected on the separation between state and religion. It was initially believed that the growing secularism created by the enlightenment marked an end of the influence of religion. In fact, in the United States, which was identified by contemporary observers as a society where the state was non- religious, more people attended places of worship on a weekly basis than in countries which were theocracies such as Iran. Lord Sacks argued that religion still has a role and influence in society. Robert Putnam argued in ‘American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites us’ that religion was a source for social capital. Whilst Niall Ferguson argued in ‘Civilization: The West and the Rest’ that religion had a key role in making Western civilization successful. Whoever does not understand religion will not understand the 21st century. In the modern world, most functions which were previously carried out by religion now have an alternative provider and advances in science and technology appear to have made religion redundant.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Texas at Austin A0015 B0015
    U.S. Department of Education Washington, D.C. 20202-5335 APPLICATION FOR GRANTS UNDER THE National Resource Centers and Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships CFDA # 84.015A PR/Award # P015A180015 Gramts.gov Tracking#: GRANT12657769 OMB No. , Expiration Date: Closing Date: Jun 25, 2018 PR/Award # P015A180015 **Table of Contents** Form Page 1. Application for Federal Assistance SF-424 e3 Attachment - 1 (Areas_Affected_by_Project1031558997) e6 2. Standard Budget Sheet (ED 524) e7 3. Assurances Non-Construction Programs (SF 424B) e9 4. Disclosure Of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL) e11 5. ED GEPA427 Form e12 Attachment - 1 (CES_GEPA1031662081) e13 6. Grants.gov Lobbying Form e14 7. Dept of Education Supplemental Information for SF-424 e15 8. ED Abstract Narrative Form e16 Attachment - 1 (CES_Abstract1031662090) e17 9. Project Narrative Form e18 Attachment - 1 (CES_Narrative1031662092) e19 10. Other Narrative Form e75 Attachment - 1 (CES_ProfileForm1031662084) e76 Attachment - 2 (CES_Acronyms1031662093) e78 Attachment - 3 (CES_HigherEdActRequirement1031662094) e79 Attachment - 4 (CES_DirectorStaffFaculty1031662095) e81 Attachment - 5 (CES_Positions1031662096) e186 Attachment - 6 (CES_Courses1031662111) e189 Attachment - 7 (CES_PMFs1031662098) e208 Attachment - 8 (LettersSupport1031662099) e213 11. Budget Narrative Form e220 Attachment - 1 (CES_Budget1031662091) e221 This application was generated using the PDF functionality. The PDF functionality automatically numbers the pages in this application. Some pages/sections of this application may contain 2 sets of page numbers, one set created by the applicant and the other set created by e-Application's PDF functionality. Page numbers created by the e-Application PDF functionality will be preceded by the letter e (for example, e1, e2, e3, etc.). Page e2 OMB Number: 4040-0004 Expiration Date: 12/31/2019 Application for Federal Assistance SF-424 * 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in Israel
    Religion in Israel by Zvi YARON THE CONTROVERSY R.ELIGIO, N in the State of Israel has become noted for its poten- tial to generate strife. The frequent controversies over its role in society, an issue affecting the most sensitive areas of Israeli life, are acrimonious and harsh in tone. Many of them are accompanied by demonstrations and spiteful incidents instigated by extremists of all shades and opinions, rang- ing from the zealous Neture Karta to the frenetic League for the Prevention of Religious Coercion. No doubt, they reflect the acerbated feelings of many moderate Israelis. Religious disputes have arisen over education, the legal definition of "who is a Jew," the authority of the rabbinate, autopsies, marriage and divorce, the legal status of the common-law wife, the status of women, army service for girls and yeshivah students, Sabbath observ- ance, kashrut, the prohibition of pig-raising, and the closing of cinemas and theaters on religious holidays. Some people complain that Israel is a theocracy, arguing that religion intrudes into every important aspect of public and individual life and im- poses its authority on the governing of the state.1 At the same time, there is the often-heard lament that Israel is a radically secularist state, in which the religious areas are narrowly circumscribed and the decisive influences 'On the complexities of the meaning of theocracy (first used by Josephus in his Against Apion) and its application to modern Israel, see Mordecai Roshwald, "Theocracy in Israel in Antiquity and Today," Jewish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 14, No. 1, June 1972, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurgence of Secularism: Hostility Towards Religion in the Nitu Ed States and France Sarah Nirenberg
    Washington University Jurisprudence Review Volume 5 | Issue 1 2012 The Resurgence of Secularism: Hostility Towards Religion in The nitU ed States and France Sarah Nirenberg Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_jurisprudence Part of the Jurisprudence Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Theory Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation Sarah Nirenberg, The Resurgence of Secularism: Hostility Towards Religion in The United States and France, 5 Wash. U. Jur. Rev. 131 (2012). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_jurisprudence/vol5/iss1/4 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Jurisprudence Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RESURGENCE OF SECULARISM: HOSTILITY TOWARDS RELIGION IN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE SARAH NIRENBERG ABSTRACT Secularism is a complex principle that in its most simple formulation calls for the separation of religion and government. In this Note, I examine the classical liberal approach to resolving the tension between religion and the state. I argue that the United States was founded, and the First Amendment of the Constitution was drafted, with John Locke’s proposal for toleration in mind. I then argue that the Supreme Court’s insertion of the concept of “separation of Church and State” into the Constitution in Everson v. Board of Education took Thomas Jefferson’s metaphor out of context, and in doing so betrayed America’s founding principles. Yet, the Court’s attempt to push for a more secular state ultimately failed because the American people have remained religious.
    [Show full text]
  • The London School of Economics and Political Science
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Civilian Control of the Military in Portugal and Spain: a Policy Instruments Approach José Javier Olivas Osuna A thesis submitted to the Department of Government of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, March 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work. e copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. is thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of words. Abstract Despite their economic, political and cultural similarities, Portugal and Spain experienced dif- ferent trajectories of civil-military relations during the twentieth century. After having handed power over to a civilian dictator, Salazar, the Portuguese military eventually caused the down- fall of his authoritarian Estado Novo regime and led the transition to democracy. In contrast, in Spain the military, which had helped Franco to defeat the Republic in remained loyal to the dictatorship’s principles and, after his death, obstructed the democratisation process. is research sheds light on these different patterns by comparing the policy instruments that governments used to control the military throughout Portuguese and Spanish dictatorships and transitions to democracy. First, it applies Christopher Hood’s () ‘’ (nodality, authority, treasure and organisation) framework for the study of tools of government in order to identify trajectories and establish comparisons across time and countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Daniel H. Nexon Education Recent Employment Awards
    Dr. Daniel H. Nexon 502 Mortara Center Work Phone: 202-687-2273 Georgetown University Email: [email protected] 3600 N Street NW, 36th St NW Twitter: @dhnexon Washington, DC 20007 http://www.dhnexon.net Education 2004 PhD in Political Science, Columbia University, New York. Dissertation: “Contending Sovereignties: Religious Conflict and State Formation in Early Modern Europe." Supervised by Ira Katznelson and Charles Tilly. Defended with Distinction. 2000 MA and MPhil in Political Science, Columbia University, New York. Examining Fields: International Relations and Political Theory. 1995 AB in Government, Cum Laude, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Recent Employment 2002- Department of Government and School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 2020- Full Professor 2010-2020 Associate Professor 2003-2010 Assistant Professor 2002-2003 Visiting Instructor 2009-2010 Russia, Ukraine, & Eurasia, International Security Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense (Policy), Washington, DC 2005-2006 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Mershon Center for International Security Studies, Ohio State University 2001-2002 MacArthur Consortium Fellowship, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University 1999-2001 Preceptor, Contemporary Civilization Program, Columbia University, New York Awards 2012 Joseph Lepgold Award, Georgetown University 2010 International Security Studies Section Best Book Award for The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe 502 Mortara Center for International Studies, 3600 N. Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20057 2009-2010 International Affairs Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations Books 2023 Dynamics of Power Politics, Oxford University Press, under contract [with Stacie E. Goddard and Paul K. MacDonald] 2021 Undermining American Hegemony: Goods Substitution in World Politics, Cambridge University Press, forthcoming [Co-Editor with Morten Skumsrud Andersen and Alexander Cooley] 2020 Exit from Hegemony: The Unravelling of the American Global Order, Oxford University Press.
    [Show full text]