Glossaries of Words 30 1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Glossaries of Words 30 1 ENG L I SH ARABI C P ERSI AN TU RK I SH ARM EN I AN K U RD I SH SY RI AC by the G eog rap hical Section of the Na z al 1a112 67206 " D vision N val St miralt i , a qfi , A d y LONDON PUBLI SHED BY ms M AJ ESTY ’S ST ION ERY FFICE AT O . To b e p urc h ased t h rough any B ookse lle r or d ire c t ly f rom E . S TI NERY FFICE a t h e f ollowi n ad d r sse M . TA O O t g e s I M P I AL HOU KI G WA D W 2 an Y LO O C . d ER SE , N S , N N , . , 28 A B I N D O N S T T N D W G E L O O N S. l R E , , . ; 37 P ETER STREET M ANCH ESTER ; ’ 1 ST. D W éRESCEN T CA D I F F AN RE S , R ; 23 F ORTH S T T E D I B U G H REE , N R ; or from E S ST EET D B LI . P N NBY LTD 116 G AFTO U O O , R N R , N 19 2 0 Print ed und e r t h e afith ority of ’ H rs M AJ ESTY S STATI O NERY OF F I CE B F D I CK H AL L at t h e U nive sit P re ss Ox ford . y RE ER p y , B C PE S N TU K SH A EN ARA I , R IA , R I , RM IAN , KU D SH SY C R I , RIA NOTE O N P RONU NCI ATI ON s i t st o as in th e i e o f t h e o m ou d a l gh p, m ddl c p n word sea-eagle a sound forme d de ep in t h e t hroat t o be l e arnt by oral e xample d h l ike th in this gh a guttural r h a strong aspirat e kh l ike ch in lock ( utt ur l or e t ic 70 1 a g a , mpha , r t o be d istinc t ly t rille d s e mphatic s {3 e mph atic t t h as in thing c h as in chat z e mphatic z zh l ike th e s in p leasure En is Oth e r c onsonants pronounc e d as in gl h . Vowels. a pro nounce d as ain about 0 as in got 6 (Arabic) as in hope ’ ’ NOTES ON PRONU NCJATION o pro nounc e d as u in f un u as in p ull as ao in pool as u in French tu ai p ronounce d as 73in mind an (aw) as ou in out as oi in oil ARIES OF WORDS e t o be r a d ir t aWanist an bilmék abl , qada , y q mi-t n m bili rim ir awa a , qad o 1m o ut a n u of num t a riban s hi - u ri ab ( p ah ( q , a hag y ga ro i t e bers t a riban -wa- is p x ma ly) ) , q kam p h ab out (around) haw] piraman-e ét rafinda ét rafd a ’ (c onc e rning) min j e he t d ar kh usfis-e da ir o e bar - i u an - ab v bala y , y q da bala-yi b orra (barra) d ar kh an] di sh ari- da r fu sh n sii mék baqqa , h dada , y ‘ yuhaqqir d eh or lan r n kun ka da , a bal abfil ke r n abii l ét mék qabal , y q q da q mu ibah it t ifa ri t ésad uf s q , a za , qaza (e ve nt ) ; asib (c alamity) cci ent bi-t aad uf sah van -ra a d ally s qaza , qaza olaraq c c o n rafa urafi a r raft an réfaat ét mék a mpa y, q , y q h m ah , q , I a cc ompany urafi q hamrah mi béyabér géli ravam o n m a cc ording t o hasab ber ha sb -e geré a is c c ount (n . ) h ab o n c c ount min sebeb barae ~d e n d ola i a y , kha y o f t ir-e c c ur t e oi muda a s i bi-sa t am d o h ru a a ( qq q ah h , , g c alculat ion) bab -e (calcu lation) a c ross i n t araf -d e n (o i mo tion) ; 6t é t arafd a (o f rest ) ‘ act ion in war rk b hav h amu ( ) a a g g , harébé K r En l h i sh S ia. is Armen an . u di r c g . y e t o be aro h rin l-m aa abl , g g , ka s y garoghanal aro h e m az d karim az ibi m in g g y , , s sh ém out a sh ourc h m od nézik t a riban ab ( p , q proximat e ly) out roun ) sh ourc h olor c h arral x d e e rzibani ab (a d , p i ( d i d im le d aor g ) , c once rnin n ad mam vra bfit ( g) g p, ‘ o e ere ver sar sar l- él ab v v v, i , la abroad ardasah man walat é gharib l-at hrakhe nna ‘ s t h sh amanel l m kir m r u e v. n au a fi é é ab ( ) , s nakhad el ac ce pt unt ounil gabiilkirin mqabil ‘ c ci e nt ar ad z ari id sh a a d g z , g musibah ac cide nt ally bad ah mamp bakhalat b-ghelta ‘ cc o n un e ranal c h oin i e e mm a mpa y, g , gal zal ’ ‘ I acc o mpany ye s g unger aze galwi bzali e mm anam d chém c c or in t o h ame mad ust bi-m i s a d g , uj b , ha b , akh binfi c count n h ashiv r h saib zh mar khishbfina a ( . ) , hama , t i h e zh mar n, o n c c ount ust h ash vin sababé e r but t ir d a , l ba , kha oi or h ash voyn c cur t e of isht d irist mazbfi kh at ir am a a ( j , t j c al culat ion) ‘ cross m e -t e n-mi use ubfir a g l , lavé (lit f fro m o ne tarafé side t o t h e o t her ct ion in war bad erazmil s rr n a ( ) , ha , ja g bad erazmagan kord zogh ou t iun x 3 9 G L S ARI ES OF WORDS }; 9f ’ m . EQ c S a T r i h . Ar bic . u k s A inist r i r id aré u u t dm a da ah , h k me t io n i - - ir u r ir e l r r e i . adm al am bah da ya b g , am al qap ami r-i-bahr d an pasha - Admiralt y . Nadh arat el wazarat i Bah riyé qa ’ bahriyah bahriye h pusu tayif t u-yi-ah suyun aqin t isi-ile ‘ nc e of aZrabfi n is - ist ish e s in t e st i adva ( p h q , p p h , m one y) aki o r salaf mat d ar advanc e d muqad amat muqad d ame pish d guard e l askar yi-lashkar e ro ne ai rah l ai are h t ai aré a pla t ya (p . t y y taiyarat ) afloat tayif bala -yi-ab yuziyor ’ mu akhkh ar ' e s -safmah ‘ ‘ aft er ba d ba d az -sofi ra(sufi w) ‘ ‘ aft ernoon ba d e dh - dh uh r ba d - az - zuhr ikindi ' rr t h aini d u r bir t ekrar ma ah ba a daha , ah ‘ age (of persons) gmr sinn yash age nt wakil amil vekil - - e of i ud d am ish 1lau iléri um ah ad g p , ] da , da i e h ai zind e h s ha at d a al v agh , y “ C u l e am1 h é all k l ham h , 1 p o e t o be aiiz rukh at aft an bra ilma all w d, j az, y j s y , q q yab mut t aid mut t afi h , q muhalif almost t aqriban ' wa di wa d e k t n h , h , a ha & c . on si e bi- ni b ahlii nin a al g d ja b ( y p ya a , y si e o f ila a nin or d ) , j da , b da nib (t o side of bord aya GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 30 1 Ar nian me . ri li h . Eng s Sy ac .
Recommended publications
  • A Respite to from Fatwas
    C. M. Naim A Respite to and from Fatwas, please. A messenger brought me some news. It began: Darul Uloom Deoband, the self-appointed guardian for Indian Muslims, in a Talibanesque fatwa that reeked of tribal patriarchy, has decreed that it is “haram” and illegal according to the Sharia for a family to accept a woman's earnings. Clerics at the largest Sunni Muslim seminary after Cairo's Al-Azhar said the decree flowed from the fact that the Sharia prohibited proximity of men and women in the workplace. “It is unlawful (under the Sharia law) for Muslim women to work in the government or private sector where men and women work together and women have to talk with men frankly and without a veil,” said the fatwa issued by a bench of three clerics. The decree was issued over the weekend, but became public late on Monday, seminary sources said.1 One should not shoot the messenger if one does not like the message. True. But, allow me at least to discover what was being “messaged.” Strictly speaking, it was the following exchange on the website of the Darul Ifta (‘fatwa office’) of the Deoband seminary. (http://darulifta-deoband.org/. No changes in language and punctuation have been made in all the quotations below.) From the section on women’s issues. [1] Question: 21031, India. “Asalamu-Alikum: Can muslim women in india do Govt. or Pvt. Jobs? Shall their salary be Halal or Haram or Prohibited?” [2] Answer: 21031. 04 Apr, 2010 (Fatwa: 577/381/L=1431). “It is unlawful for Muslim women to do job in government or private institutions where men and women work together and women have to talk with men frankly and without veil.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Spaces of Exception: Statelessness and the Experience of Prejudice'
    London School of Economics and Political Science HISTORIES OF DISPLACEMENT AND THE CREATION OF POLITICAL SPACE: ‘STATELESSNESS’ AND CITIZENSHIP IN BANGLADESH Victoria Redclift Submitted to the Department of Sociology, LSE, for the degree of PhD, London, July 2011. Victoria Redclift 21/03/2012 For Pappu 2 Victoria Redclift 21/03/2012 Declaration I confirm that the following thesis, presented for examination for the degree of PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science, is entirely my own work, other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. ____________________ ____________________ Victoria Redclift Date 3 Victoria Redclift 21/03/2012 Abstract In May 2008, at the High Court of Bangladesh, a ‘community’ that has been ‘stateless’ for over thirty five years were finally granted citizenship. Empirical research with this ‘community’ as it negotiates the lines drawn between legal status and statelessness captures an important historical moment. It represents a critical evaluation of the way ‘political space’ is contested at the local level and what this reveals about the nature and boundaries of citizenship. The thesis argues that in certain transition states the construction and contestation of citizenship is more complicated than often discussed. The ‘crafting’ of citizenship since the colonial period has left an indelible mark, and in the specificity of Bangladesh’s historical imagination, access to, and understandings of, citizenship are socially and spatially produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Dress and Fabrics of the Mughals
    Chapter IV Dress and Fabrics of the Mughals- The great Mughal emperor Akbar was not only a great ruler, an administrator and a lover of art and architecture but also a true admirer and entrepreneur of different patterns and designs of clothing. The changes and development brought by him from Ottoman origin to its Indian orientation based on the land‟s culture, custom and climatic conditions. This is apparent in the use of the fabric, the length of the dresses or their ornamentation. Since very little that is truly contemporary with the period of Babur and Humayun has survived in paintings, it is not easy to determine exactly what the various dresses look like other than what has been observed by the painters themselves. But we catch a glimpse of the foreign style of these dresses even in the paintings from Akbar‟s period which make references, as in illustrations of history or chronicles of the earlier times like the Babar-Namah or the Humayun-Namah.1 With the coming of Mughals in India we find the Iranian and Central Asian fashion in their dresses and a different concept in clothing.2 (Plate no. 1) Dress items of the Mughals: Akbar paid much attention to the establishment and working of the various karkhanas. Though articles were imported from Iran, Europe and Mongolia but effort were also made to produce various stuffs indigenously. Skilful master and workmen were invited and patronised to settle in this country to teach people and improve system of manufacture.2 Imperial workshops Karkhanas) were established in the towns of Lahore, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri and Ahmedabad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership And
    The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership, and Cyber Profiles Report to the Office of University Programs, Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security July 2017 National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence Led by the University of Maryland 8400 Baltimore Ave., Suite 250 • College Park, MD 20742 • 301.405.6600 www.start.umd.edu National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism A Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Center of Excellence About This Report The authors of this report are Gina Ligon, Michael Logan, Margeret Hall, Douglas C. Derrick, Julia Fuller, and Sam Church at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. Questions about this report should be directed to Dr. Gina Ligon at [email protected]. This report is part of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) project, “The Jihadi Industry: Assessing the Organizational, Leadership, and Cyber Profiles” led by Principal Investigator Gina Ligon. This research was supported by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate’s Office of University Programs through Award Number #2012-ST-061-CS0001, Center for the Study of Terrorism and Behavior (CSTAB 1.12) made to START to investigate the role of social, behavioral, cultural, and economic factors on radicalization and violent extremism. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
    SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 6187 930 2751 violence Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 2 Battles 2465 1111 4206 Strategic developments 1517 2 2 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 1389 760 997 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 449 2 4 Riots 55 4 15 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 12062 2809 7975 Disclaimer 9 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Sufism from Below: Charismatic Counselling and The
    This article was downloaded by: [Statsbiblioteket Tidsskriftafdeling] On: 17 March 2014, At: 11:10 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK South Asian Diaspora Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsad20 Transnational Sufism from below: charismatic counselling and the quest for well-being Mikkel Ryttera a Department of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Published online: 29 Nov 2013. To cite this article: Mikkel Rytter (2014) Transnational Sufism from below: charismatic counselling and the quest for well-being, South Asian Diaspora, 6:1, 105-119, DOI: 10.1080/19438192.2013.862103 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2013.862103 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Auctions of Forcibly Displaced People's Lands Are Another Syrian
    Public Auctions of Forcibly Displaced People’s Lands Are Another Syrian Regime Method to Seize Its Opponents’ Property in a Widespread and Deliberate Manner At Least 440,000 Dunums of Agricultural Land Seized by the Syrian Regime in the Suburbs of Hama and Idlib Sunday 14 February 2021 The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. R210204 Content I. The Syrian Regime’s Seizure of Political Opponents’ Property and Land Is a Form of Collective Punishment..........................................................................2 II. Confiscation of Agricultural Lands Is a New Form of Expropriation That Adds to the Regime’s Control of Buildings and Properties............................................6 III. Public Auctions Have Begun in the Suburbs of Hama and Idlib, Leading to the Seizure of Nearly 400,000 Dunams to Date, and We Fear That These Will Expand to Include All Syrian Regime-Held Areas................................................7 IV. Conclusions and Recommendations..............................................................15 Public Auctions of Forcibly Displaced People’s Lands Are 2 Another Syrian Regime Method to Seize Its Opponents’ Property in a Widespread and Deliberate Manner I. The Syrian Regime’s Seizure of Political Opponents’ Property and Land Is a Form of Collective Punishment: The Syrian regime has used various types of terrorism and repression against those
    [Show full text]
  • 132484385.Pdf
    MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOIMIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Diplomityö Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Heinäkuu 2017 MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU Kurssi Linja Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Tekijä Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Tutkielman nimi VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOI- MIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Oppiaine johon työ liittyy Säilytyspaikka Operaatiotaito ja taktiikka MPKK:n kurssikirjasto Aika Heinäkuu 2017 Tekstisivuja 137 Liitesivuja 132 TIIVISTELMÄ Venäjä suoritti lokakuussa 2015 sotilaallisen intervention Syyriaan. Venäjä tukee Presi- dentti Bašar al-Assadin hallintoa taistelussa kapinallisia ja Isisiä vastaan. Vuoden 2008 Georgian sodan jälkeen Venäjän asevoimissa aloitettiin reformi sen suorituskyvyn paran- tamiseksi. Syyrian intervention aikaan useat näistä uusista suorituskyvyistä ovat käytössä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Venäjän ilmavoimien kyky tukea maaoperaatiota. Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena. Tapauksina työssä olivat kolme Syyrian halli- tuksen toteuttamaa operaatiota, joita Venäjä suorituskyvyillään tuki. Venäjän interventiosta ei ollut saatavilla opinnäytetöitä tai kirjallisuutta. Tästä johtuen tutkimuksessa käytettiin lähdemateriaalina sosiaaliseen mediaan tuotettua aineistoa sekä uutisartikkeleita. Koska sosiaalisen median käyttäjien luotettavuutta oli vaikea arvioida, tutkimuksessa käytettiin videoiden ja kuvien geopaikannusta (geolocation, geolokaatio), joka
    [Show full text]
  • Textiles Under Mughals
    Chapter V Textiles under Mughals- The advent of the Mughal dynasty gave an undeniable boost to production of the up-market textile, as to other craft. Textiles are singled out for mentioned by Abul Fazl, the minister and biographer of Akbar (1556-1605), in his Ain-i-Akbari, compile in the 1590‟s as a subject in which the emperor took particular interest. Akbar favoured woollen garment – the chosen wear of Sufis (Muslim mystics) – „from his indifference to everything that is worldly‟ in preference to the richer stuffs. His penchant for wool is also indicated by the steps he took to improve shawl manufacture; especially in the relation to dyes and width of fabric.1 Ain-i- Akbari goes into fascinating details on the manner of classifying garments in the imperial wardrobe (toshkhana). The textiles were arranged according to the date of entry which was recorded, sometime with other information, on a label tacked on to the piece (practice which survived in provision toshkhana into the 20th century). Price, colour and weight were also taken into account. Within these boundaries, textile took precedence according to the nature of the day, astrologically auspicious or otherwise on which they were received. A further refinement took into account the colours, of which thirty five are listed in the order of precedence. Abul Fazl further records that imperial workshops had been set up in the cities of Lahore, Agra, Fatehpur Sikri and Ahmedabad, where the best of the local craftsmen were requisitioned to supply the needs of the court.2 Persian masters were brought in to teach improved techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2016
    www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 1 of 234 Syria & Iraq: September 2016 Copyright 2016 by Ronald B. Standler No copyright claimed for quotations. No copyright claimed for works of the U.S. Government. Table of Contents 1. Chemical Weapons U.N. Security Council begins to ask who used chemical weapons in Syria? ISIL used mustard in Iraq (11 Aug 2015) 2. Syria United Nations Diverted from Syria death toll in Syria now over 301,000 (30 Sep) Free Syrian Army is Leaderless since June 2015 Turkey is an ally from Hell U.S. troops in Syria Recognition that Assad is Winning the Civil War Peace Negotiations for Syria Future of Assad must be decided by Syrians Planning for Peace Negotiations in Geneva New Russia/USA Agreements (9 Sep) U.N. Security Council meeting (21 Sep) Syrian speech to U.N. General Assembly (24 Sep) more meetings and negotiations 22-30 Sep 2016 Friends of Syria meeting in London (7 Sep) ISSG meetings (20, 22 Sep 2016) occasional reports of violations of the Cessation of Hostilities agreement proposed 48-hour ceasefires in Aleppo siege of Aleppo (1-12 Sep} Violations of new agreements in Syria (12-19 Sep) continuing civil war in Syria (20-30 Sep) bombing hospitals in Syria surrender of Moadamiyeh U.N. Reports war crimes prosecution? 3. Iraq Atrocities in Iraq No Criminal Prosecution of Iraqi Army Officers No Prosecution for Fall of Mosul No Prosecution for Rout at Ramadi No Criminal Prosecution for Employing "Ghost Soldiers" www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 2 of 234 Iraq is a failed nation U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prophet, the Qur'an, and Islamic Ethics Conclusion
    Conclusion The Prophet, the Qur’an, and Islamic Ethics Rudolph Ware Nun. By the pen, and what they trace. You are not insane, by your Lord’s grace. And indeed for you, a reward forever For you are indeed, atop great character (Qur’an, Sura al-Qala 68:1–5). he Prophet Muhammad, bearer of the Qur’an, holds a lofty ontolog- ical status in Islam. He is a human being, but his very being is sacred.1 He is the mediating instrument responsible For transmitting to the T 2 world what Muslims believe to be God’s verbatim speech. And as such, he is the source, embodied example, and center of contemplation For Muslim approaches to knowing God.3 For Fourteen centuries, the traditional religious sciences (‘ulum al-din) have grappled with the meaning of this one man’s life.4 Countless volumes have sought to come to terms with his legacy. Collections of records (hadith) about his life and times, his words and deeds, his virtues and miracles are essential to Muslim jurists, theologians, and historians alike.5 Scholars have penned countless volumes trying to know the Book, the God that sent it, and the man who brought it.6 They have poured out their ink— and the letter “nun,” which opens the Chapter of The Pen is often likened to an inkwell—trying to understand the man who inscribed God’s fnal revealed Book onto the tablet of history. Knowing—indeed loving—the Prophet is also the very core of the tra- ditional religious science known as Sufsm.7 For in envisioning, enacting, and embodying his example (sunna), Muslims seek to cultivate ethical excellence and draw near to God.8 And if ethics are at the heart of Sufsm—and its 223 224 RuDolph Ware wellsprings, the Qur’an and the sunna—then Suf values are not only meta- physical but also political.9 While this essay will not sketch the political history of Sufsm in the region, it is important to get a sense of the sheer demographic signifcance of Sufsm in West Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Review of Literature…
    Chapter 2 Review of Literature… Review of Literature….. CHAPTER- II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Conceptual review 2.1.1 History of Kachchh 2.1.1.1 The State 2.1.1.2 Origin of name 2.1.2 History of rulers of Kachchh 2.1.3 Assortment of Textiles in Court of Western India 2.1.3.1 Brocades 2.1.3.2 Silks 2.1.3.3 Mashru 2.1.3.4 Bandhani 2.1.3.5 Laheriya 2.1.3.6 Textile Crafts for Royal wardrobe 2.1.4 History of Indian Royal Garments for Men 2.1.4.1 Upper garments 2.1.4.1.1 Jama 2.1.4.1.2 Angarkha 2.1.4.1.3 Chogha 2.1.4.1.4 Atamsukh 2.1.4.1.5 Chapkan 2.1.4.1.6 Achkan 2.1.4.1.7 Bagalbandi 2.1.4.1.8 Sadri 2.1.4.1.9 Angarkhi 2.1.4.2 Lower garments: Paijama 2.1.4.3 Headdress 2.1.4.3.1 Pagh 2.1.4.3.2 Patka [13] Review of Literature….. 2.1.5 History of Indian Royal Garments for Women 2.1.5.1 Upper garments 2.1.5.1.1 Choli 2.1.5.1.2 Kanchali 2.1.5.1.3 Angia 2.1.5.1.4 Peshwaz 2.1.5.1.5 Kurta 2.1.5.1.6 Saris 2.1.5.2 Lower garments 2.1.5.2.1 Paijama 2.1.5.2.2 Ghaghra 2.1.5.3 Headdress: Odhani 2.1.6 Children’s costume 2.1.7 Ceremonies and festivals of Rulers of Kachchh 2.2 Empirical review 2.2.1 Studies related to traditional costumes of rulers of India 2.1 Conceptual Review 2.1.1 History of Kachchh 2.1.1.1 The State Kachchh is the Princely State with 17 gun salute, 19 guns local.
    [Show full text]