ENG L I SH

ARABI C

P ERSI AN

TU RK I SH

ARM EN I AN

K U RD I SH

SY RI AC

by the G eog rap hical Section of the Na z al 1a112 67206

" D vision N val St miralt i , a qfi , A d y

LONDON PUBLI SHED BY ms M AJ ESTY ’S ST ION ERY FFICE AT O . To b e p urc h ased t h rough any B ookse lle r or d ire c t ly f rom

E . S TI NERY FFICE a t h e f ollowi n ad d r sse M . TA O O t g e s I M P I AL HOU KI G WA D W 2 an Y LO O C . d ER SE , N S , N N , . , 28 A B I N D O N S T T N D W G E L O O N S. l R E , , . ; 37 P ETER STREET M ANCH ESTER ; ’ 1 ST. D W éRESCEN T CA D I F F AN RE S , R ; 23 F ORTH S T T E D I B U G H REE , N R ; or from E S ST EET D B LI . . P N NBY LTD 116 G AFTO U O O , R N R , N 19 2 0

Print ed und e r t h e afith ority of ’ H rs M AJ ESTY S STATI O NERY OF F I CE

B F D I CK H AL L at t h e U nive sit P re ss Ox ford . y RE ER p y ,

B C PE S N TU K SH A EN ARA I , R IA , R I , RM IAN , KU D SH SY C R I , RIA NOTE O N P RONU NCI ATI ON

s i t st o as in th e i e o f t h e o m ou d a l gh p, m ddl c p n word sea-eagle a sound forme d de ep in t h e t hroat t o be l e arnt by oral e xample d h l ike th in this gh a guttural r h a strong aspirat e kh l ike ch in lock ( utt ur l or e t ic 70 1 a g a , mpha , r t o be d istinc t ly t rille d s e mphatic s {3 e mph atic t t h as in thing c h as in chat z e mphatic z zh l ike th e s in p leasure En is Oth e r c onsonants pronounc e d as in gl h .

Vowels.

a pro nounce d as ain about

0 as in got 6 (Arabic) as in hope ’ ’ NOTES ON PRONU NCJATION o pro nounc e d as u in f un u as in p ull as ao in pool as u in French tu

ai p ronounce d as 73in mind an (aw) as ou in out as oi in oil ARIES OF WORDS

e t o be r a d ir t aWanist an bilmék abl , qada , y q

mi-t n m bili rim ir awa a , qad o 1m o ut a n u of num t a riban s hi - u ri ab ( p ah ( q , a hag y ga ro i t e bers t a riban -wa- is p x ma ly) ) , q kam p h ab out (around) haw] piraman-e ét rafinda ét rafd a ’ (c onc e rning) min j e he t d ar kh usfis-e da ir

o e bar - i u an - ab v bala y , y q da bala-yi b orra (barra) d ar kh an] di sh ari- da r fu sh n sii mék baqqa , h dada , y ‘ yuhaqqir d eh or lan r n kun ka da , a bal abfil ke r n abii l ét mék qabal , y q q da q mu ibah it t ifa ri t ésad uf s q , a za , qaza (e ve nt ) ; asib (c alamity) cci ent bi-t aad uf sah van -ra a d ally s qaza , qaza olaraq c c o n rafa urafi a r raft an réfaat ét mék a mpa y, q , y q h m ah , q , I a cc ompany urafi q hamrah mi béyabér géli ravam o n m a cc ording t o hasab ber ha sb -e geré a is c c ount (n . ) h ab

o n c c ount min sebeb barae ~d e n d ola i a y , kha y o f t ir-e

c c ur t e oi muda a s i bi-sa t am d o h ru a a ( qq q ah h , , g c alculat ion) bab -e (calcu lation) a c ross i n t araf -d e n (o i mo tion) ; 6t é t arafd a (o f rest ) ‘ act ion in war rk b hav h amu ( ) a a g g , harébé K r En l h i sh S ia. is Armen an . u di r c g . . y e t o be aro h rin l-m aa abl , g g , ka s y garoghanal aro h e m az d karim az ibi m in g g y , , s sh ém out a sh ourc h m od nézik t a riban ab ( p , q proximat e ly) out roun ) sh ourc h olor c h arral x d e e rzibani ab (a d , p i ( d i d im le d aor g ) , c once rnin n ad mam vra bfit ( g) g p,

‘ o e ere ver sar sar l- él ab v v v, i , la abroad ardasah man walat é gharib l-at hrakhe nna ‘ s t h sh amanel l m kir m r u e v. n au a fi é é ab ( ) , s nakhad el ac ce pt unt ounil gabiilkirin mqabil ‘ c ci e nt ar ad z ari id sh a a d g z , g musibah ac cide nt ally bad ah mamp bakhalat b-ghelta

‘ cc o n un e ranal c h oin i e e mm a mpa y, g , gal zal ’ ‘ I acc o mpany ye s g unger aze galwi bzali e mm anam d chém c c or in t o h ame mad ust bi-m i s a d g , uj b , ha b , akh binfi

c count n h ashiv r h saib zh mar khishbfina a ( . ) , hama , t i h e zh mar n, o n c c ount ust h ash vin sababé e r but t ir d a , l ba , kha oi or h ash voyn c cur t e of isht d irist mazbfi kh at ir am a a ( j , t j c al culat ion)

‘ cross m e -t e n-mi use ubfir a g l , lavé (lit f fro m o ne tarafé side t o t h e o t her ct ion in war bad erazmil s rr n a ( ) , ha , ja g bad erazmagan kord zogh ou t iun x 3 9 G L S ARI ES OF WORDS }; 9f ’ m . EQ c S

a T r i h . Ar bic . u k s

A inist r i r id aré u u t dm a da ah , h k me t io n

i - - ir u r ir e l r r e i . adm al am bah da ya b g , am al qap ami r-i-bahr d an pasha

- Admiralt y . Nadh arat el wazarat i Bah riyé qa ’ bahriyah bahriye h pusu tayif t u-yi-ah suyun aqin t isi-ile ‘ nc e of aZrabfi n is - ist ish e s in t e st i adva ( p h q , p p h , m one y) aki o r salaf mat d ar advanc e d muqad amat muqad d ame pish d guard e l askar yi-lashkar e ro ne ai rah l ai are h t ai aré a pla t ya (p . t y y taiyarat ) afloat tayif bala -yi-ab yuziyor

’ mu akhkh ar ' e s -safmah ‘ ‘ aft er ba d ba d az -sofi ra(sufi w) ‘ ‘ aft ernoon ba d e dh - dh uh r ba d - az - zuhr ikindi

' rr t h aini d u r bir t ekrar ma ah ba a daha , ah ‘ age (of persons) gmr sinn yash age nt wakil amil vekil

- - e of i ud d am ish 1lau iléri um ah ad g p , ] da , da i e h ai zind e h s ha at d a al v agh , y

“ C u l e am1 h é all k l ham h , 1 p o e t o be aiiz rukh at aft an bra ilma all w d, j az, y j s y , q q yab mut t aid mut t afi h , q muhalif almost t aqriban

'

wa di wa d e k t n h , h , a ha & c . on si e bi- ni b ahlii nin a al g d ja b ( y p ya a , y si e o f ila a nin or d ) , j da , b da nib (t o side of bord aya GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 30 1

Ar nian me . ri li h . Eng s Sy ac .

A inist r i varc h out iun siasa i r h ii ma dm a , da a q t ion admiral d zovagal saré bahré réshad - yama

Admiralt y D zovayin na khararout iun

ri t h e rrat sial sar avé c h oin e res ad f , t ple h maya ale var ' ankh av-t r m r akhishbii na g a ga z kirin , q dal bd ain da ‘ arrac hakount pésh é e ske re

o t abarig taiyara afloat ale d zou sar avé re s p, h maya d zpoun h e d guys navi pé gamiya

he d o pashé h e d in sh nivro q , irig pa e nat em

norén r d i is j a ak , d a age (o f pe rso ns) dariq age nt kord zagal ahe ad arrc h e ve n i e e nt ani v o al v g , gh ob e n olor all am , p owe t o be t u lad rvil all d , y

t ash nait s h aval ur g , kha a zinagit s almost kret e t aqriban t aqriban

bt éné be - l-bodhe alongside unt yergay- f néziké b - qot ba nout iamp 302 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

E l h Arabic i n . an r is . ers u ish g P T k .

re ollowed az in shimdi i al ady qad (f qabl b lé , by verb) zat an ‘ t ou we aarch e h e erc h é al h gh law , ma a g y ann t o et er sfiwa in t amaman bi bit iin hit iin al g h ( a , b ody) jumlagi ’ s d aiman ku]1ish mis e i hér alway , ha h h da ma , (ent ire ly) kull zéman waqt us n in in usu e in amb h ( kam kam p , k m ammunit ion dhakhirah zakhire -yi j ébh ané Jang ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ammunit ion arabat e d h arabe -yi 1ebh ziné- ara wagon dhakhirah j ubbekh ane h basi use we nne s u s n or e iléndirmék am , y afa dada , we nnis khush karda n (trans ) nc or n n e r rs n r r a h ( . ) a g , ma a la ga demi nc o e h h r n r nd at ma r v. n a h ( ) d a ga , la ga a akh demir q (intrana) yad ibb angar t an and we 11 or wa ve ‘ n r n had h khi shm nak r in a g y za la , g da gh ban a nimal haiwan haivan (pro haivan perly haya van) ‘ a nkle ka b (d ual ‘ kabé n) a aWib h n e vérmék j wab , q j wa dada , j vah ale h anvil simian sindan urs a nyb o dy ahad h ar kas (bir) kimsé n ere fi ai n har abash ad h ér néréd é a ywh maka , j w emme t ufi aah l sib h (p . t ufi ah) ‘ ‘ ‘ ' oint a an t in r n t in ét mék app yy , a y ka da , a y ‘ yu ayyi n kun ro c v t a arrab ila nazdik anash ma app a h ( . ) q , ama y q at a arrab d an ii i y q . ila mishmish zardalu GLOSSARIES OF \VORDS 303

nian Arme . alre ady art e n

t o u t h e e v t h e be d u s i e n al h gh y , wala h d , ap ye v alt oget her miasin unt a bhammi b -t amamfit ha always har waqt daim

n t arnamoud in bfi a ambus h ( . ) kam s ammunit ion rrazmamt erq jaubakhana jaubakhana

rrazmamt erqi garrq z o st sne l ma khik p safa kirin , g ash bfiyi khariskh rs n r nc or n . a h ( ) ma a , la ga c o khariskh t zke l n r avit in re n r an h r (v. ) la ga da la ga (intrans ) and yev angry pargat sad z ni e nt ani i n h éwan a mal g ha wa , dahba

‘ ankle h ot (vod it s) qulpai ka ba

ns e r badaskhane l m iiwe bl a w (v. ) jawab da j é anvil sal sindan Sindana anyb ody vo - ye ve -megu harkas kii l nasha ‘ anywhere our ye v its é har arde kull d fika

kh nt zor kh abfish a

‘ appoint nshanage l t a yin kerye mat iw approac h mod e nal nézik hat qriilé

apric ot d ziran mizh mizh mishmisha 304 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En i Arab c i . r l sh . e ian g P s . April Nisan Nisan ‘ ‘ Ar Ar i l Ar i T i ab ab (p . ab , az ‘ Arab) ‘ ‘ Arabia Bilad e l- Arab Arabist an ‘ arm n it g a bazfi u er ( k f , y ( pp ) ‘ sa id (lower) arme d musallab musallab armour dira zire h arm s(we apons) aslihah asliheh s u s r army j e h (pl. j la hka yfish ) c or s fir ah l ur ol or ii army p q (p . du q d firaq) t r - e ét ra a around haw]. a af fd

rr n e re t t e b uret t art ib n ararlashd ir a a g , y dada , q t ib d e b or ara t értib maq , st n are ét mék a , ‘ rrest a abad h t au if r n t ut ma s a ( ) q ala ; q ka da , q , hab wa af u kun ét mék gg , y waggif rri e wasal o sal rasid an ras V arma el a v , y , q , g mek

rse n t e re skhanah fi r- n t o kh ané a al q kha a p , t ersane ‘ art ill ery mad afi (c an t up-khane h t oplar non t obohia ) , (gunne rs) ramad khakist ar kul ‘ ’ - rr bar i n r r ala l ba , zam qa aya , qa ada ‘ bil- ga ’ ’ se e e s ursid an urs sorma l , y al p , p q ’ anae s al mi - pursam sorarim

’ t h o u askes t int a t e s al mi -put si sorarsin ’ h e asks h fiayes al mi -pursad sorar ’ ' we ask ihnane s al mi-pursim sorariz

’ you ask int u t e s alfi n mi-pursid sorarsiniz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 30 1

n K rd i h S riac . Armenia . u s . y April Nis an ‘ Arab Arabaya

‘ ‘ Arabia Arabia Arabist an Arabist an ‘ t e v s r arm (n . ) ba k d a a

arms army army c orps z orakound ordu around p olord ig o h arrakb (d e e rzibani le d ao r arrange garkat rel paikat ke ri mtuke slé

ant ar e l e r l d awi rre st v. uert é é a ( ) p g g , q

arrive basue l gah e sht

rse n zinaran t ut abakh ana abakh ana a al , a j j no t ara n art ille ry t h nt anot q t op- khana t op

un m okhir kh olli e ma ap , q t ‘ ‘ i t samaq sar ard re sh ar a

h art sne l e iar ke r mbu éré , p s q ye s pesiar kerim mbaqren ’ g hart sne m ’ ' t ou g hart sne s t ape siar keri mbaqret ’ an g hart sne au pe si ar ker kimbaq er ’ ’ m e nq g hart s ma f pe siar mbaqrcikh ne nq ke rin you ask t ouq h iin pesiar mbaq rfit fi ’ g h art sne q kerin

M ES. I 306 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lis Arai . ian T h b c . r ur i h g Pe s . k s ’ t hey ask h um ye s alfi n ‘ mi -pursand sorarlar

’ I shall ask anae s al khah am sorajagh m pursid ’ I aske d se e lt pursid am sord um s e e n i u um ush u a l p ay m khab y , y qud a h m rk b r l. r u és ék é é hama (p kha , lagh , hamir) ‘ st e rn li- r d ar ai ar asina ar a Wa a aqab , p q , dinda . ‘ bl ii nazd d ar -a - su x ala , , da ( fi )

aqallan aqallan olmazsa el- akt h e r s l munt a ash én nih aét , h y , agh lab o l sa ol sa at onc e e ss e ni n bird én biré h a , hal , fa a ’ bis - sa ah hujum hn] um huj um ‘ h e e m u r n h fi ii m ét m ék j ala , h jum ka da , j ‘ yihjam ala kun Ah Ab ur A h ost os , M dad g Nims a Nam se h Nems e Nimsawi ams awi Avst rl all Nem N , O se ll aut horit y hukm

kharif khizan son bahar int a am an int i am s i int i am ét mék q , y q ka h q t a im or d an s q , ka h akhad h e t h ’ t r ha , a kh ud h e t - t har ‘ mu a d al bar- r -e ort avar a er e n . d av ag ( ) ava d a , y mut avassit

i t or r - i t a aré i av a tayya ‘ hava pa ma y j

a d a i r u ani e ad . n awak ( j ) y q h , b da y q ‘ i sis ga d , ba ’ ’ fas l fu iis t ar (p . ) ab GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 307

Ar n Kurdish . S riac menia . y . ’ anonq g hart s awan pesiar kimbaqri ne n kerin I shall ask ye s bidi hart s azepe siar kim bed mbaqre n ne m ye s hart sri ma pesiar ker mbiiqéri ouni e c t i q m h , khaf q nat sogh e sh avana kar mara , g h

st ern h e d oust n vi ash é b -khara fit ha a i a , la p y navi ye d e ve n (not in use sepa~ é (as termina m tely) tion) ke t h arr nvazn bkémahié , arr arravel bgalakiyé

‘ ’ at onc n albaal e hala ,

t t c h art za oumn alamard u a a k (n . ) g p h jum t t c hart sa il hu ii m ker h iml a a k (v. ) g j j é

r ’ August Okost os Tabbakh labbakh Aust ria Avst ria Nams a Namsa Aust rian Avst riat si Namsi Namsaya

ut orit ishkh ano ut iun marfit ah u ma a h y , paya , j ah , , q arzh anabad qadr v out iun ' aut umn Ash oun pahiz c héri ave nge 1361st andin sh qillé t el

er e ic i ak m n . n t h in t a ud ra av ag ( ) m h , q q rib

vi t or Trc h o h ai arc h i nash a arfikha a a g t y , p , ' flie r fe rr anc h i t aiyarc hi awake (adj ) art oun hish sh ar mrisha

nara 308 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish . r ian r e s . Tu i h g P k s . a x l e mihwar mil c r s t r - e éri ba kwa d a af aqab , g or 111 bi- pas bac o n lahm khanzir g usht -e kh iik d o muz éti or s t (p k) , gu h e - khuk - e dud iish t - e dada , g khuk - e bi namak par v ord a mfi z én bad , kha rab r i , ad ah ra radh s - i- s r ésh a g glh , g a bab afa y ukht an at un ishir khabaz , yakh p , paz f da p biz or biryan kar mek d a n, kun

e n r l. st e bar bal ( . ) fa dah (p ba h , balya ' fa i dat ) . st t h u l e l rs n s r kum balla q mal pa a g af a , markab ‘ r t i abe h bandage (n . ) aba s

bank of r1ve r ur s ob in re sii n ri ( ) j f , k a h ke a , irmaq kénari bar (sa nd) sh e lhah pusht a - ye rig sighliq d ar dahana ye rfid kh ana barb er m uz éyyin dallak berber

jau arpa i n-i- -t érazisi m za hawa hava , baro met ro rr c s is ishle h sar is ba a k q hlah q , q hla baz -khane h umbfib liile -yi-t ufang t ufeng d émj ri

mahaar s n r mét ris j a ga ' s l sa s i s d zenbil e . é é llah (p apad , zamb l p , ze mbil l n i (p . za ab l) bat hs hammam hammam hammam

310 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

P r T c mn . ur h . Arabi . e s kis

tabfir tabfir t abfir batariyah batariyeh t abiye (for t re ss) bat ari ya(movabl e ) muharabah jang muh arébé r r i - or r séfinési ma kab ha b , jahaz ( ha b manwar kasht i) i-jangi khalij khalij korf e z se n i r sar-naizeh siin u g , ha bab g ' i safl in re i kénari Sah l h , k a h yal , d éniz kenari e c o n n r n r nish - i- t s i n r b a fa a , ma a ah ah a a h fa a

e ns i baila fas b a lub ya, q baqla , sulya b e ar (n dibb khirs ayi b e ard lihyah rish saqal be arer ort e r si i (p ) hammal qa d , ham l hammal

na I h ah b e aring ( ut . ) J

t d h arab 1 kiit ak n e v. b a ( ) , yag_h_ zada , rib zan

e uti u u u i kh ush numa b a f l h l , jam l , kh fib

e c use min sebeb ir c ir ki ir chunki b a , z a, h a z a , li- ana firash t akht -i-khab gubbat e n-nom iit aq - i-khab

b e dst e ad c harpayah t akht -e khab kérév ét

z ambii r zambur- e a sal ari

r s t - i- au 6kiiz et i lahm baqa gu h g , sigh ir et i eer ir ab - i- au r su u ir b b ah j a pa y , b a bee t shawandar c h ugh und ar panjar be fore (t ime ) gab] qabl az - d an évvél GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 3 11

K rd sh . h Armenian . u i Englis . bat t alion vasht tabur t t e r t ri s r ba y ba a a , ha q t h nt anot it s

bad erazm sharr sharré rrazmanav am l e sharré markwa , g y mard anav d - sh arré

kh orsh d zot s i i , khal j khal j svin khi st ah r is t ha bab , kh h a d zovap t erafé sbatt e sipt had - shatta

e c on h ransh an nishané airé nis n d - nfira b a , g ha gragi nsh an e ns fasoulia o i baillé i baillé b a , l b q lob a , q

arrc h e rc urs i e r n . 11 b a ( ) , h h , k__ d bba b eard morong rih diqna be are r ort e r ro h d ano h h i h e l ir lablana a (p ) g g , g am l , g , ham l msha irin n ( g) ah , b a e rin o h m t ir b a g g g , q , unt at sq navi

e t v. rne d ze d zel mkh élé b a ( ) za l ,

e ut i u siro un s erin r n s ir b a f l , h , dalal a da , hap a ke gh et sig ‘ e c use vorovh e d e v e r bc) min s b a l ba , abab

an o hin i s shwit ha g g niv n , do hak nn aran m anzalé ne vis 6 d i— d m akha j , da nnjase niag t iné e st e mah d a a] t t r t b d ad j g , akh qa awa an o h in g g , ma hid jk ; kary 0 1a(Turkish) m e h ou e n is s g h g, ma ha daba ha h ingiv ye zan mis gosht é gah bisra d - t aura b e e r kare oh our bira b e et pazoug sh awand ar shawand aré be fore (t ime ) arrac h peshin qam 3 12 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

E h A ic . ersian Tur ish . n rab . k glis . P be fore (plac e ) gud d am qabl az 6nfind é (mqfix ) e in ibt e d a e b r n bashlama b g , y aghaz ka da , q ‘ t e di kun or sh urii r n kun ka da , r us t ai ard r wa a p h , p , a qa ‘ i t a ad r r n inanma q , bava ka da , q ‘ yat aqid kun

urs l. n C n r e j (p za g ha g (la g ) , j urus) c hingh araq (small) t t alt alt ind a j oa , ah , b e nc h (sofa) t akhat nimkat

‘ ‘ aww u aW r imék e n v. a n e r b d ( ) j , y kham ka da , y Wij kun firash ja-yi- khab yat aq e bi- ni - e anind a y me j a b pahlu y y s r uh asir mu aare h m uhaséré ét ha a , y h s r n mek usb t ka da , , q a kun maq n akh fin khi anat kh e anét ét mék kha , y y y r n kun ka da , b et t er ; be st ahsan ; e l- ahsan be ht ar daha eyi { Z én ‘ beht arin é i én y , a la

et ee n bén in d ar ara- sin b w ma ba , da miyan b e yond an taraf -i ut e -sinda wara -yl i ka r kibar u ur u u b g bi (pl. ) b z g b y k bigge r biggest akbar; el- akbar buzurgt ar ; daha buyuk buzurgt arin eu biiyiik bill (ac c o unt ) hisab

‘ i e t tra s ne z ze l askar a n d eh ot urt ma b ll ( m ) j dada , q ' binoculars darbin d fir-bin durbin GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

n n Kurdi r ac ia sh . S i En i Arme . . gl sh . y before 1aoe arraoh arrc h e v r (p ) , laba qam e in us sel d ast ékir md fishinné b g g p , m share

s la isht bkharafit h pa h , p y bawar kir mhfim e nné

zanka C n ln ll i g ha g, J j z ga

e o t sad z ner e v bin ilt ékh b l w , q , kho t he d e nc so nsd aran ursi d irézh t t b h ( fa) k , akh a paka

e n v. t h e el d zrrel c in b d ( ) q , ham

nav -angoghin qamarah t si i m i l- i d pa , zad ez k g ba bashare l hasar kir mhfiséré

mad ne l kh e anat kir khinné m sai y , p

et t e r e st e i c h ét er khwash is au or b ; b av l lav, b h t , lavoku n t ir an t ir us s a i y , , q j , b h p y am e nalav c hakt ir

e t e e n mi ch e v bén nav bén bil b w , , be yond id i t eraf lau bala kh e nna big m e d z mazin raba i er i e st e i m e d z mazint ir alak is r ka b gg ; b gg av l , , g b h aba ; m e d zaku n in ir r y , maz b a aba am e nam e d z

i c c o unt hashiv hj sab zh mar is is b ll (a ) , h ab , kh h tin bfina et d h bill (trans . ) eg avorel inoc u rs h e rrat it a lit d orbin r in b la g ( . du b t e le sc op e ) ye rgaoh ia ac h ot s l q (it . t wo -eye d glasse s) 3 14 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h s . e ian T r i rs u sh . g P . k

ir er l u r ur ii sh b d t (p . t yu ) m gh q bit oi orse i d ahane h 11 am em ( h ) l jam , ] g bit (pie c e ) waslah pare h parc ha bit t e r murr t alkh a] 1 it u e n ir n t r s i ér b m g af qa a ag z , y sakizi

‘ c s si zi h r si a bla k a wad y qa a , y h ‘ c smit n r d émi r i n bla k h haddad aha ga j , a al band e m t a t b v. aliim malaa ab ha ul blam ( ) lam, y q r n kun zémm ka da , maq , ét mék blanket lihaf gilim yorghan (quilt ) ‘ e e int rans t d em kh iin ri anama bl d ( ) ala , ja q q ‘ it la d e m s u n y h da , shau ‘ kiir a ma (pl. ‘ amyan) oc e n i r m aare h ablo a . u bl kad ( ) h sa h s q , qush at ma blo o d d e m khii n qan o i i r n sm k v. ah bb m é é bl w ( ) habb , y a kh ka da , kun or dami d an , dam o n d h arbah r zakh m urus bl w ( . ) za b , w h ue r abi laward i bl az aq , p mav ‘ blunt a ma (blind) kund kor o t e ik e zaura s t i s n ai b a b llam (l q , ka h a dal , q y q gond ola) ; ma sh fif (re e d c ano e)

o e l a ta f béd én vu fid 1s c]. n b dy (living) 1 (p . j , j sad ) ‘ ‘ ‘ b ody (mass of j ama ah jam ivat j ém iyét p e ople ) oi trans ahla u hli s n ainat ma b l ( ) g , y g ju h dada , q q or r u d eh fawwa , y faWWir ' oi intrans i fi shid an iish ainama b l ( ) ghala , yaghl j , j q q or far r , yafu GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 315

A K rdish S ri E i h rmenian . u ac ngl s . . y .

ir t rrc h oun aire k r ir b d t , balda ta a bit of orse s nt z i hafsar le h éma ( h ) a l jam , g bit ie ce bad arr e or e c hak rc rc (p ) , p g p , pa ha pa ha it t e r t rrn e i t l t a] rir b a , l gh ah , ma a it u en oubr i ir khimar b m g zi t , q blac k se v rash koma c s it t r iu er ase n ar bla k m h a p , y g , hadad haddada , gat akord z damurc hi ’ rs razil kir mr z ll blame (v. ) ba avel fi e é la im

n et er la éf aim khlé a bla k v mag h , j j p ble e d (intrans ) ariunel kh fin da mujrélé dimma

sim a r y , ko a

o c e bash ro m m ar h bl kad (n . ) a u n uhas a blo od ariun kh fin dimma o h arvad zel e r in mkh l n v. é é bl w ( ) , w z pa kha zarnel

o n . harvad z r sil bl w ( ) , za g lassa ue abu d s in kau i n r bl g y h , m la a , za qa unt ou out bl k l , p kop kopa o t nava i e e ami ah b a g gam , b l m g y

marmin

‘ ‘ o ss o f kh oum at t b dy (ma p , j ama j ama a pe ople ) zh ogh ov b oil (Hana) yerrat snel kalandi murt h ekhlé (wat er) khash el (egg) boil (intrans ) ye rral kul bi rt h ekhlé 3 16 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ara E i h bic . an . Tur i h n l s . ersi k s g P .

oi e ric e t imm e n m at c i u iSh miSh irin b l d h la p p j , biikh pilaf oi er r ka di -i- u ur n b l fawwa ah , g b z g qaza zan

o n anbalah o um umbara b mb ( . ) q b mb , q q bara o r r h o bi- t u st n t o t ut ma b mba d dha a t p , p ba a pa q yad rab t op o n e se ne abz t s t ah v il b d (l gal) d q , ama suk ‘ ad hm st n (pl. u ukha kemik a ‘dham) t l k i e it i . u t n k ab (p k ab, am h k ab t ub) a a chi zmé un l in h l. pj (p , q lapjin) jaz dura (sho e ) mah (nat ive ) pabfij (slipper) boot -lac e sharit (e l- qan kafsh - band qund ura darah) q ord élasi b ot h (you) it h néne kum h ar- d a ikiniz

ot t e s is l s is e s is b l h hah (p . h h h h he sh iyash ) ‘ ot t o e sfe l ar t e h dib b m , q bow (of ship) sadr e l- markab inuqad d am e géminin bashi yi- kasht i masarin rfid e h baghirsaq s l n s n u ut u a nduq (p . sa duq a d q, q sanad iq) aW is r o n c h o u walad (pl. p a ghla , j q lad) brac kish malih shur bra n nakh alah sabiis

‘ ‘ r e sha a asfir s u i r i it esii r b av jj , j h ja , d lawa y g , j

manqalah manghal manghal khubz nan ékmék ardh pah nayi e nlilik e s r iksar shikast an irma k a , y , q q shikan

3 18 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

E Ar n li h abic . er a n s . si . Turkish g P .

bre st fu iir c i e c i-i- u ahvalt i akfa t , ha s ha s bh q subh re e c of un madhkhar e t t e h t o u ru h u b h ( g ) p q y g , t ufke h t op qichi

re e e n si ruz ar él b z hawa a m, bad gy , y ri e n rash wah rish va rish v ét ~ b b ( . ) , , bakh bakhshish shish bric k (burnt ) tabfiqah t fila

bric k (uh lib en khisht kérpich burnt ) ' ri e I SI l usfir 1sr ul ke ru b dg J (p . j ) ] , p p bridge (oi jisr el-markab pul-i-jahaz ship)

i l m i r ma r e v. u n vur b dl ( ) aljam , y p l jam ka da , gem q kun brigade fauj

‘ ri t i mudhi r us n arla b gh lam , a ha p q aib avurd an ar ét irmék bring j ab , y j , g ‘ ‘ ro ri n ri énish b ad a dh pah , a z g ‘ broadside urd h shallik alabanda

ro e n mukassar shikast e h b k , qiriq munkasir dallal dallal l ikh birad ar akh (p . Wan) ' ro e s r and umi ah vé rén i b wn ma g q g , esmer rus n ars furc h eh furc ha b h ( . ) f hah

sal d fil o h a t , q g mis n s gav h ma da , j amu sas malleh t t -bit , akh a GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 319

A nian r h me Ku dis . riac . En i h . r S gl s . y

re st nakhaash t aisht fi rah f art a umt a b akfa j , t t , t bre e c h (oi gun) h e d nad zag jihé phish aka h rat sani , pampousht t he l on dzag bre e z e z e piurr ba ri e n ashar rus b b ( . ) g q balsa , hwa

' bric k (burnt ) aghius karpioh lfi né kerpioh (t h rt zad z) ggh mind r ric un a hi us o u kar ic h h afir lfi né b k ( g (h m) p , j burnt ) ri e amourc h u ri isr ish ra b dg g k p , j g bridge (oi nava jisré gamiyé gish ra d - mar s i amourc h h p) g , kwa gamrc hag i s z i n l m r e v. ant el d s i la hau e hé a b dl ( ) g , g g ri e kound or b gad , z a kound zvart h ruhna u , r zhin perel inan n an e h n lay p , p go ghm navi paniyé o ust i t hut a ’ not q g ar t sagvin broke n god rad z she kast t wira

mic h nort um az jambaz , j dalal ' e h a r bra akh ona y g p y , aghpar ro n t h oukh re n it ari s r b w g , a ma e smar rus n . kh o zana furohah furc hah b h ( ) g, frc ha vrd zin , d u l c ri t u d al at lok y , h yl , s ko me sh gamis h payt ochil ishpish 320 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arab e an ic . rsi . Tur i h P k s . bii ri sh aifiir b oru e n ibni in r n a ma in b a , y b a ka da , y p q , b a ‘ kun or amarat t m é ék, r n kun urma ka da , q q t r l nar au o ho (p . g b gha t hiran) u et raaah l uliile h urs u b ll s s (p . g q h m rasas) bull oc k t h o]: mukhsi nar- gau buoy sh amand arah langar- gir shamand ra Bure au- d e D ukkan e s- sar Dukkan-i Sarraf Change raf sarraf d ukyani urn trams r u ri s t n siiz a ma b ( ) ah aq , y h q ukh a , y q q ‘ r isht aal s sfikht an suz a m bu n intm ns . n a ( ) , ya h , y q ‘ t i i t ara a l h q , yaht ariq e e u id fun u r n omék d u d f , y daf ka da , g , ef kun ét mék ‘ ‘ ulé a fil is e c i q , g b h h hal mashgh fil mashghfi] mésh ghfil [ in in in ak lak amma , lak , faqa t ‘ ut t oi r ifle and ah c an t bre on b ( ) q g , ha b q daq , a q daq qund aq ut t e r re sai - i b ka h yagh , t ere yaghi but t on n d u ma d kme h d u mé h l. u ( . ) g (p y d ugam) isht ara s kharidan s t in alma , ya h , a q t ari khar b ne r ri and nazd ik ahlfii anind a y ( a ) qa b min , , p y , yaqind a qamarah qamareh qamara si l su n ablo t lk (p . luk) ta af, habl q , khala , zinjir (c hain) kulic h e h c h orék or , q a biyé ‘ ‘ c i l u fil fi s e n alf j (pl. j ) g al h da a ‘ ‘ c su on ad ii r n ohahirma all ( mm ) da a , y sada ka da , g q kun A OF S 32 GLOSS RIES WORD 1,

i iac Armen an Kurdish S r . . . y

s e ot bfiri bfiri a h p , boq s ine ] c i kir bnélé h , ha garrout sand

t soul e z n ir t ur , y gab , ga a a a

u e t unbult a u . b ll g , g lla bull oc k ye rinc h gahé khasi t aura khisya buoy kh arskhani sh Bure au d e Louma a okh rr arrafa j y p , sa af s Change saraf burn (trans ) ayrel shawétand i miiqid hlé urn intrans a ril shawe i siit i i e d hlé b ( ) y t , q

t hagh el washart in qWéré

’ mat sarr re e e siaa da k , b l k uspagh vad z bsh fila bliga a t s i ma p y amma lla ,

‘ but t (oi rifle ) h rat sanapoun qund akh iqwad -t opa ng

ut t e r rfin k r r b , a a ka a

ut t on n . o d fi ma ul d u m a b ( ) g jag g , p ak g

zwinné

b ne r m od ov b - urba y ( a ) , g q

navase niag qamarah qamat ah h e rrakrat e l ris ze n ir kh aula , wa , j baran t kulaic h akullaich é ka ha kada , c ort i finaah s i a alf h h gol k, j g ha kh call (summon) ganc h el khwast in qrélé

H ES. I 322 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En r i r li h . A ab c . e sian s . Tur ish g P k . c c r o ut 5 1 ai far ad r n bah irma all ( y ) $ 1, y s h y ka da , g q kun

c n u u r im li alm ( . ) h d a am l an q c alm (no Wind) sawali aram limanliq c alm (adj ) hadi a ram limanliq c ame l j e me l shut ur d évé c amel - drive r jammal shut ur-ban d évéji c e in d h elfil s ut ur- i- sawaribiné ék d évé am l (riding) haj , h j ‘ c n u s r s r c ir ri amp ( . ) m a ka , la hka gah had ye mukhaiyam

anaaqdir mi-t awanam bilirim

t h o u c anst int a t aqdir mi - t awani ‘ bilirsin

h e c an b iia yaqd ir mi - t awanad bilir

we c an ih nanaqdir mi - t awanim biliriz

you c an int u t aqdi riin mi -t awanid bilirsiniz

t h ey c an h um yaqdirfin mi - t awanand bilirler

I c annot ma aqdir nami-t a qadir d éyil im Wanam ‘ c an you 2 hal t aqdirfin mi - t awanid bilir misiniz c anst t h ou hal t aqdir mi - t awani bilir misin

‘ t ur n h r fi n r ah , a j , ah ‘ ‘ e l s sh ma (p . hama ‘ shumu ) awaf t u o l. c nnon n. a ( ) t p (p t ) , p ‘ l me dfa (p . mad afi ‘ ) - uliila- e t ii c a nno n ball gullah (pl. g y p gul e l ) c am py dh alal sayaban sayeban GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 32 3

Ar nian r i h riac d S . i h me . Ku s . Engl s . y ‘ c c r out orr oc e n kir m ii i lé all ( y ) k al , k h l da g y t

m e h m t i h d béd a nikh fit ha c l n . ou un u uw n a m ( ) g , gahi c l no in kh a ha h r t bé- ba s el a m ( w d) g g , aha , , h ya h ant ard s ukun c ad m e h m i béd an nikha alm ( j ) g had , g c ame l o ugh d h ésht e r gfimla c ame l -driver ough d aban h ésht ervan jammal c ame l (riding) nsd e lou o ugh d h ésht e rswar rkfilé l-gfimla ‘ c n . n or u i s r amp ( ) pa ag, z a rd ma a ka panag garogh es aro h az t sh ém ibi in y g g , , mas ye m karim (or m sin) t ou c nst t ou aro h t ii t sh é ri ib okh se t h a g g , ka , ma yes h e c an an aro h e au t sh ét ibe i g g , , mas t h aret we c an m e n aro h am t sh én i n m aakh q g g , ba , s ye nq t karin ou c an t ou aro h fi n t sh én ibaukh fi y q g gh , , e q t karin m asit fin t e c an ano n aro h wan t -sh én i i i h y q g g , ba , mas ye n t karin ’ ’ c nnot e s c e az nashs him e i i lé m ain I a y h m , l b , s garogh ne karim c an ou aro h e h i m t hén ? o ibaukh fi y g g q s gall , art iog t karin m asit un ’ c nst t ou 7 c e s aro h t u t sh é alIo ibokh a h h g g ? g , ‘ art ioq ? t kari 2 mase t c h rant s q kanal néh ra ‘ m o m rak s e s , j mum , h mal ham ah

' c nno n t h nt anot t o ijr a. a n ( . ) p g

c anno n- ball h ut ag gullaé- t op gfilad -t op c anopy ambh ovani s éwan nam makast a 324 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A aic a En i h . r b . ersi n . Tur i h gl s P k s . c t er h ad hab ah ur he h r it m rah an it m k n v. v é a ( ) , y y g a a , g dhib rau c n s imI as ir s n be m a va j k ba yelke , yelken arbiish u fés s t t kap k lah , ka ke (Europe an) sh apqa(Euro p e an) c e mu t e d ir i ir m uk apabl q qab l qad , t éd ir ’ c ape (prom on ras burun t ory) c ap st an d filab el-habl

’ c apt ain (of qabtan or ra is ship) e l- markab

(of nat ive nokh ad h a c raft ) c apt ain yiizbashi yuzbashi yiizbashi (milit ary) c t i sir l us r ap ve a (p . a a) ’ c t ure m e n e sse r u e ssir sir irift an esir alma ap ( ) , y a g , q gir ‘ c t ure abal irift an ir et ét mék ap q g_h ala , g , g f h ‘ (plac e ) yaqbiglh ala c t ure sei e e se imsak irift an t ut ma ap ( z , m k , y g q

v. ) c r n r n r n k arvan a ava ka wa ka awa , y qafile h c re ou t e d ir mult afit s d i at ét s in a (y ak balak ba h , qq , aq c are or hazar kun c re u mut a a id ba- r di at li uzu a f l q yy haza qq , gy achi q c r o iml u uk a g h ham le , y c r e nt er n r d o h ramai a p ajja g j , marangos z filia is i rs i i , b at qal , fa h kil m, hal a mil am] r n t ashima o hamal , y h h ka da , q , g or 8 1151 sh i kun or n t iirmék n , ya l aql , aql r n kun ét m ék ka da , ‘ ‘ ‘ ' r h r e r uk a aba a ab h a aba , y ‘ araba -si

326 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

‘ c art - t ra c k araba yol u

‘ iir ur al e sr l. u qa (p q s ) b j , qal ah q bazzunah gurb e h kedi e se im sali irift an it t ut ma m k , y g , g q , yaqa lamaq c t t e s i aiwanat bah aim hai a l mawa h h , wanlar c r i s suware h su ri aval y kha l , awa wa riyah c ave mugharah ghar maghara

sagi saqf t ava n ‘ i b ' l sa s r ilar s rd a . n (p a dab makhze , q l ad ib) c e e nt i s c h e m ent o sarii c i ent o m k l , j h m c e e t e r r rist n m ézarli a m y maqba ah qab a q , q brist an c ent re marka z (oi ma rkaz merkez (go v c irc e and e rnme nt al l ) , ’ o ern ent ort vésat o i g v m ) a , ( c irc le ) ‘ c ert in maliim e i albat t e h élbét t é a ly , b ll , shiibh ésiz c in zan il zin ir zin ir ha j , j j c ir skum li ursi s n li ursi sand ali é ha , k a da , k y c n e e x be d d e l ube d t a h ir n bo z ma of ha g ( , y g y dada q ( c n e v d il rr one ha g , . ) sa af m y) of m one y) c n e us r of u fil- e fa r n . r u ha g ( ) q u ( kh da , p q pa a m o ney) khurda (oi m one y) (o f mo ney) c nne bah az t n - i e r t ha l g , a g m j a , ya aq , darya b oghaz GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Kurdish . c a rt ridge pampousht fishah fis h akka

‘ ‘ c art - t rac k sayli jampa riaarabana firkhad - araba

bad rast ard zat d raf ra , , pa bad rast t r am , bad rast e sd ag amrot s t hia us , g g qala , k hk ou e t e suk gad k k , p prrnel girt c t t e anasoun r s t aiwané a l dawa , awa h

' c aval ry h e d ze lazorq suwar rakawé c e a r ara r u r kal u it ha av y , q y m gha a , g pp waz

arrast a h s r n ban shkfi ri g a ba , rr n s r sard aa ma a , zagha , a dap p ngough shaghakh ge ] ke l sha ke re zmanad oun urist an zia bét orawat i g , q rat c e nt re n re mar r av z , ma kaz kaz h é- pe lga

‘ cert in ansh oush d r d i u a ly ha é , ma l m c hain zinjir shish ilt a c ir ursi Ch war é ursi ha k , p k c n e e x o hirrin m sh akli ha g ( g , p c n e zh ar in a v. b d b ha g , ) , dal kirin ' c n e n ma r s ur z zi r . n o u wur ii ha g ( ) q dag, kh da , khwa a okh oi d a ara o one p ( p ( f. m y) mo ney) (oi mo ney) c hanne l c houri ne gh shaqit a out s os , p , c h rant szq GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

ersian P . z ugh al khari eh t , jad wal arzan rukh

c ee r ul us - al h f kh h h , masrur pani r d ava~ saz

c i c en d u aah l fi e h h k j j (p . j j d ui ’ ’ c ie n r is i h . k k n re is s h f ( ) a , Sha , ha , ba h mukht ar c i ren afal bachaan afal e vlad c h o ii lar h ld awlad, t g , t , j q

zanakh d an c h ené ishkane h qalém

’ c oose ikht ar uzid an uzin s éch mék h , yakh g , g t ar or int ikhab

r n kun ka da , ‘ (I sa) s l- Masih Ma sih e l Me ss1h m e si i nas isavi si i kh rist ian h ; , ma h ' rani (l e ss po giaur (no t lit e ) po lit e ) ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ Christ mas ld e l- milad ld - i - mflad Milad - i- Isa yort usu c hurc h kanisah kilis a c i ret t e i arah si r si arch asi r ga J g ga , g ga a ’ ’ c irc l e d ayirah d aire h da ire

i m e s r sh éhir w layah , hah in e e d ah , b l d civil (non e be li mud uni gbairi askéri milit ary) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 32 9

ian Armen .

ad zoukh

nava ard e z q , garde z azhan arzan ay d ii c h iir g p,

c he erful ourakh

banir pénir t e h akord z az ac h i d ar g , , t e gh avad jar man- firosh c hic ke n varrieg c h ii c hik

be d sar m c ie n. afil h f ( ) , q

c i re n ere kha r be ch fik alé z oré h ld y yq za u , y minal d znot c hi n zm , j kric h (qant a askana goghat s) qand agic h kort ziq c oose und rel bzh arain m fibélé h , hal g chinin

Christ Q rist o s I sa mshikha c rist i n risd onia n r ni fillah nasraa h a q as a , y

Christ mas Dznount Biyald é

c urc e e h et si d er h h y g g , zham klani si are t si r oh i ara g, g ga a g ' sh rc han ér ir ir hfid hra , g , haw da ah , sh rc hanag a ha s r md it a q g q hah , balad , bazbar '

non a h a aan u i i 15, osh iina zi civil ( q g q g , m lk , ahl q y military) qagh aqayin qalam 330 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A a c r bi ersian Turkish . . P . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ l or i i da wa (p . da va , dd a da va d a‘ awi) ‘ i l i e abilé ashirét qab lah (p . qab l h q , ’ qaba il) or ‘ s ir l a h ah (p . " ’ asha ir) nadhif pak t emiz nad h dh af un r n t émizlém ék y a pak ka da , d h d h if kun or t anzif

r n kun ka da , safi ; wadh ih saf (e vide nt ) ; fari h eli g , b ' mawani (of ro ad)

‘ t i unc i nuvi k at ib azi i ka b m h , y , y j sa nda ur l ur art ah uc h urum j f (p . j p g , qaya fan) ‘ ‘ ‘ c l oc k sa ah s a at sa at c ose v h alla u st n n a ama l ( . ) g q , y ba a , ba d q p q gh alliq (oi o or se d ) ; dd , yasid d (c l ose up) c ose t t er e d e bkh anah me m sh a ab l (wa ) khala , d e st kh ané c ot e s hud fim élbisé ru l h , ba

c ou h émah l abr l d g (p . gh éml fahm hajari zugh al- i-sangi kumur S i l s s i n li ah l (p . awa ah l deniz ke a , hil) sahil

‘ sit rah nimt ana set ri (Turkish) (ja c ke t ) ; ku laja (fro c k c o t ) ' a c o fle e gah wah qah we h qah vé c o i e u u s r n ld (n h ad) z kam z kam, a ma ezle GLOSSARI ES OF WORDS 331

an l sh Armeni . E&g i .

‘ ’ bah anc h t da wah , alab matlab

‘ o t e h 6 i s ir d hm , s g jakh , kh l a h a

c e n ad ma our ai nad ifa l a ( j ) q p q j , pak c lean maqrel paqij kir mund iflé

h st a r ruh nak e a g, ba z zalal , s py

krakir t i niwis t ka b , ka awa inda kahavand n n i , ka dal ka d la ' zhay nap zhamat suyt s page l

c l oset (wat er) ard aqnot s abid ast c ot e s hant ert z h a ull 1ibas fi h l h , j , j koust ner e z k e st ner amb

ad zoukh ke mii r sh ekhé ré fahm , d zove zr nar rakh kha , ké d zovap d - maya ve rar ou u s o iid d a g j bbah , ak g qaftan

c offe e sour e ‘ j , kaf qahwa qahwa c o in e har oukh s u n s a zuka ld ( h ad) p a a ha ba , m 332 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h s . Arabic . Tur g kish . ‘ c o ih c e st fil - ld ( h ) su n ezle i7 sad riyé

c old sarma (t e mpe rat ure) c old (adj ) barid sard soghfi q c o r fukul h e a ali lla yakhah , yak h y q q , yaqa

‘ ‘ ‘ co e ct i ma r n t o Iama ll jama , y j jam ka da , P q kun c o ision mu ad amah t aad um musad émé ll s s , c h arpish ma c ol onel miralai qaim- maqam 1i t -c o l u . ( e . ) mi ralai (full c o our lé u l n r n r nk l (p . alwa ) a g e c o ours fla er baira baira s n l ( g) b aq q q , a jaq , ‘ além c olt muh r kurre h t ai c o n mish t ara mb ( . ) t Shana q c o e a i n ai élmék m j , yaj amada , g ‘ c o me (impen ) t a al biya gel c omf ort abl e must arih (o i rahat p erson) ; mu rih (oi t hing) c ommand n amr l r n ( . ) (p . awa fa ma c o mmander c o mmerce

’ ’ c o mmission mamfiriye t mamfiriyat

’ c o o ore r is u fil r - e i filo suvarisi mm d a st da ya b g , qunnd or muwasalah muwasaleh mukhabéré

rafi or r i r i r ar ad ash j af q af q, ham ah q rufa a (pl. q )

334 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

buluk dast e h biiliik

qiblanama qible h numa pussla s s s i i hamal hamal hemal , y ld z shamal sharqi shamal -i shemal -i sharqi sharqi s ri s r un ma h q ha q , g d oghusu n s r i n -i énfi b-i- s r ja ub ha q ja ub j ha q , sharqi késhishlémé n n énfib i ja ub ja ub j , q bla janub gharbi janiib- i j éniib-i gharb gharbi ri r un magh b gha b , g bat isi shamal gharbi shamal - i shémaI- i r i r r gha b gha b , qa a yél ‘ c o ens t io n t awidh t alafi u rat t azminat mp a , j

c o in isht eka s shika at kar shik aét ét mpla , ya h y y y t e i d an kun or k , mek nafidan nal ' , c o n e n a u ri e sasina u d m hakam , y h m j m j h km kam (of j ud ge ) karda n ét mék c o n it ion al l a wal t h al d h (p . h ) hala (st at e ) i ion s r l sh u s f c ond t ha t (p . ha t (st ipulat io n) rut) ‘ ‘ c n ess rr a urr i t iraf r n i t iraf ét mék o f qa , y q ka da , , ‘ or i t araf kun i r r ét mék , g a ‘ yat arif c o nfid e nc e t h iq qah emniyet

c onfirm u i rar nu an ‘ ar t asd i ét mék haqqaq , y q , q q h aqqiq karda n c o nfi sc at e adh zabt r n us r ét ~ dhabab, y ka da m ada a bat m ek GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 335‘

an Kurdi h . Arme ni . s

‘ h asaragout iun jama at

koumard ag bulfik dast a (250 zinvor) gogh mat suyt s hiusis shimal hiusis - are velq

are velq t avh alsan

haraf - are ve lq

haraf tarafé qiblat é t aimna haraf - are v moud q are vm oud ru avai e r q J , ma wa gharb

c ompe nsat ion pokh arinou j erm awaz l n v nasu t u , h ad out sane l c o mplain kankad il gili or Shihat mfishkélé in kir kir, gaz c o nde mn t ad abard e l hukm kirin awed gii nakar

c on it io n al al a d h , ahwal h , ahw l (st at e ) c o ndit ion bayman (st ipulat ion) c o nfe ss kh ost ovanil igrar kir miid élé

‘ c o nfid e nc e vsd ah out iun i n d ilhisai it ibar ma , , it im ad

c onfirm h ast ad e l isbat m i , kirin q sd ouke l

c onfisc at e r e rni h i n s i k av l , p g as b kiri , haq l arrue l zabit kirin 336 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A ai r b c . ersian P . c onfusion q alabaligh t ash nish (of (t urmoil) t hings) bi ikh t ilat nazmi (of ad e mt ibt e p ersons) i n t ah ni a t ah u ye h (s i g. ) y t t ebrik

c on ue r int aar van i s u n ma hlfib ét q s , ghal b h da g mék t asir c it fe t a i t irift an t t ét mék (a y) h , y f ah g , fa h fe h karda n c o se t n ri abfil r n i n n . r ( ) dha q ka da , za razi shuda n c o nse que nc e nat ijah

Const ant i Ist ambul I st ambfil I st ambo l n0 p1e c onsu u al l onsu onsolos l q ns (p . q l q qunasil) c o nsulat e q unsalkh anah qonsul - khana q o nso lo skh ané c onsult at io n mash awarah ma shvarat mush avéré

‘ ni r i os uud qa az , kh h c c qa haq, ma qa haq ‘ mnfi muqawalah qabala (c om m erc ial) c o nve nie nt muwafiq c o e rs tio mukalama nv a n , suhbot c o n r badra ah nvoy ( . ) khafa q

ash -paz ukht an p , paz

khunuk serin h h skha siirét nusk e nu , GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 33 7

Ar n n rdi S riac a s . me ia . h K y . kharna out iun arish ani h é sh hiish a g , p , g y shpot out iun hish ariani

sh norhavorou t ahani mbarakhiat é t iun ac h i , q ’ l oys h a ht e l i g ghalabah kirin, ghal b be r kirin d ire l a ha s t i m z abit q g q , fa h kirin , nvadj e l sta ndin h avanout iun ri raziii t h a , qabul , za h amat zaynou t iun h e d e van nat i a q , j h e d e vout iun Const ant nu Istambul I st ambfil olis or golis hiubad o s e ies o nsi unsiil b l , q q 168 hiubad osaran o ns ilkh ana unsfilkhani q , q balioskh ana kh orhrt agt sou mash wara maslahat t iun koh r i kadj n i r i az , ps kha , az ma sakh u s achah mu e rma a q y q g h , q c h agh h aabad er mu awala g g , q , qabal h agarag sanad harmar munasib m unas1b kh osat sout iun akh aft in mham ze mt a g , kh abard an bah a e e himaat ha f m am o e g, h d y , g h y vort farat kh oh arar ashc hi mbashlana e e l n i ash mbfishe llé y p kala d ,

sar i arira , jam d q orina naskha naskha g, pad 338 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Araic . b . er n i . g P sia . Turk sh

c o v. nese kh e n ist insakh kar sur t ch ékmék py ( ) , y e , s d an kun ist insakh t akh , é m ék (writ ing) c or i sfit li ris n i d kha t , ma p, iplik - c or n . si st 0 sar s is e t ih ot t e k ( ) dadah ( p h h h apa ( b l ) , er fillin nt r sub p ) , ma a ( (subst ance) st ance ) c orkscre w burghi pish -e but ri burghu c orn (cere als) hubub gandum bogh d ai c orp oral onbashi wakil 6n-bashi c ost (71) c ot t on c ouncil c ount (v.) c ount r m émlékét y , wat an c our e ous i it mut e assir ag y y , ] c ourse géminin yolu ’ (dire c t ion) (ship s) c ourt - mart ial diwan harb divan-i-harb divan-i-harb

hid n rt mék c o er v. u fis a o v ( ) ghatta , y p , ' ghatti piis h c o er t e n n n shu si r alma v , ak hassa , pa ha pe q , u a in d an s u izlénmék y h ss , ha g c o w r au m baqa ah , g i ek hash ah c o r a abban t rs or a wa dly ( dj . ) j a u q q q c re e i murd ab 6i o k khal j q , b ghaz c re sce nt hilal hilal hilal ’ cre w mallahah ahl -i-jih az gémi t aifési ‘ crooke d a waj kaj eyri c r0 s i ma filat ma filat mah sfilat p bas l , hs hs ‘ ‘ c ross v r r u ur ud h éch mék ( . ) aba , ya ba b ham a g GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 339

a K r ish S riac . n n . u d Arme i . y

orina el she kil or nsekhlé kt h filé g , nase kh kir

c or r n lar waris ris ban khanla d ba a , , , g c or mr kht san man sar— s s r k ( ) , hu ha puk a t arr c or scre kh t sah an bur h i rr k w g , ga c orn c ere s t soren ni kh e é ( al ) ga m , dakhl dakhla , tt c or or d asnabe d onbash i Gubashi p al , ye nth aspah c ost n kin arzh e i t i ( . ) , q q ma , baha t ma c ot t on amba amb uk lfika t m p g p , k a a c ounc i z h o h o v d i n i is n u n e iss l g , a a m jl , a j ma m j l i c ount (v. ) hash ve l zh mart n mnélé c ount ry kavarr at h ra c ourage ous gd rij c ourse unt at sq oo urt - mart ial bad erazmagan adian c o er o . d zad z e l e] ush and mkfisélé v ( ) g , pag p , ghatakir c o e r t e bad sbaril wash art in m fish élé v , ak , , t bash dbanvil h ash ar kit c ow ov GOV c h él man ii t ei t g , , g aw a

ad 1 c ow r ad . e r c h o d vad t e rs ii k i y ( j ) y g , zado c re e kh orsh o r k , p q navah ankisd c re sc e nt mah i - nu i g mah , h lal c re n st i n w ava , avaz c roo e or d zourr i n ke zh k d g , k wa , , lar h ount z q hasad ir r h ant ibil r uin a , da baz b t imat se ant s uil 340 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Arabic . ersia Tur h g . P n. kis .

c ro n alabalikh izdi am alabalu wd ( . ) q , h q q , ‘ ‘ j ama ah j e m iyét c rue si ri bi- r i i had d ar l qa , sa m ahm , zal m zal m , g c ruise n s r r - r i d olash ma ( . ) afa da ya ga d q

c ruise r tarrad manwar ‘ c u t i t ion ir l ni l va z a ah , fa ahah abada c u fin an i alah i e am k assé fin an p j , p y p yal h , 1 y , j c ure (m) shifa ilaj shifa c urre nt n r n s i ( . ) ja aya a l c urt ain pardah c ust o m- house gumruk out v au ( . ) gass , y g ss ; ‘ a a‘ qata , y qt n l khan er kha jar (p . qama l khanapr) daily (adj ) yfimi har- ruze h h ér gunki

h ér gun s bénd edd , zarar nemli t éhlikéli or , q qiilfi qaranliq qaranliq dat e (t ime ) t arikh t arikh t arikh ur ur dat e (fruit ) t amrah (pl. kh ma kh ma t amr) u t er int n t u ht r kérim é da gh b (p a a ) d k a qiz , dawn fij r bamd ad shafaq

om l ruz y (p . aiyam) d ay (Opp osit e nah ar gunduz t o night )

342 GLOSSARIES OF ' WORDS

En i r h . l A i . e n s sh . a T r i g b c P rsia . u k

e mé it ur e iilii fi lmish d ad yy m d h , de af atrash ‘ e r erson i hb d a (p ) az z , ma ub de ar (pric e) ghali giran de at h maut marg e c e i e h ash sh firift an f rib ald at ma d v g , , u q ahish sh or iil n i - ét m e k y g g zada , h lé zan

De c e e r Kaniin e l-aw Dai Kanfi n- i K anii n-i mb , y wal auwal évvél de c k sath safha - yi- kasht i gove rt é ‘ ‘ ‘ de clarat ion i lan el- harb i lan- i- jang i lan- i-harb (of war) e c re e n am r irad ah r n d ( . ) fa ma de e p de er

t n i kisar i shikast r h am e e . n u in i z d f a ( ) , haz kh mah d an aksur shikast n inh i za e e t v. s r m d f a ( ) ka a , y ; dada , ‘ gh alab ala d e h ét mék ‘ ‘ ‘ e e n ud afi i r n m uhafaza d f d dafa , y d fa ka da , kun or i ét mék ori h ma , q at r n y ka da , maq

‘ e f cienc kifaah i no s n d i y adam y , kam q a nuqsan e nse t hakh in i us si d , ghal z , m h q musht abik t abik nu an nu an khalal, qs qs khalal

‘ i o i n r n t ri ét mék wasa , y sa baya ka da ; a f , kun or wasf anlatmaq r n kun ka da , oh ol rr i n n , ba b yaba yaba t e re it ruk uzasht an bra ma t érk k, y g , q q , guzar ét mék d e sert er harib min gufi kh t eh qac haq e1 askariyah GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 343

Armenian .

m errad z m e r it , m ha rial kh o ul

sireli

sou t n gh , ha k mah kh apel

De ce mber Te gt e rhper Kanune auwal Kanun qamaya

t st igon- navi haid arare l (bad erazm ) v d ir h ramman r n ir anfina j , fa ma , ada q ‘ or c kur ami a kh hal , q a d ziam e h si y , g ghazal , a k ghazala j eron e e t 71 bard out iun shkast iné t wara d f a ( , be zandiné e e t haht l hkast e n t r v. e s d f a ( ) g , b za we e d in defe nd bashdbanel kh fid an kir mh iimélé

d efic ie nc t h erout iu kémahi nu saniit ha y n, , q bagf asout iun nuqsan e nse it t h ant zr i ir n a iira d kh , ghal z, g a y q de pre ciat ion vadt harat oi t r0 0 s soumn zorat s ( p , ( , uns & t h t anot hit c . n s g , ) ) describ e nkarakrel wasf kir mt iinélé

e se rt n . n ri c ri d ( ) a abad ba , hol ba ya d l eseit v. t asali linel bar (15 11 shwe é ( ) g , q pakh c hil desert er t asaliq qac hagh qaoh agh 344 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic . ersian . Tur i h P k s . mekt e bah miz - e t ahrir oh ékméj é

e s t c n. ris risaleh ur t ah rirat d pa h ( ) alah , m a sal e h est ro rr t r n mah v ét mék d y kha ab , alaf ka da , , yukharrib kun bozmaq or r damma , yud ammir ‘ ‘ et in u a il ni s t n ali o ma d a attal , y tt gah da h a , q q baz dasht an

et er in t ion azm r r t amim arar d e c ision d m a j , qa a s q ( ) ; (de cision) iqdam (firm i r r t ami m ness s a , s ) (firmne ss) s et n l s e it n h a (p . h a sh éyatin) diarrh oe a is- hal is-hal

mat ut ur n mir olmék v élat , yam m da , , ét mék differe nc e farq farq

‘ z a ma us i sa ab , h m hk l r a fir n n kan hafa , y h ka da , ‘ asha (in e ven sham ing) ghada (at no on) dire ct (ad u ) gfibal must aqiman d ogh ru

irt wasikh chi r is d y k p , kirli ’ is e r ahib um s u n i o d app a ghab , y g g h da , gha b lmaq ’ shau or gha ib s u n s u h da , ha ' isc r e farra h u bar and akht an boshalt ma d ha g g , y q c r o v farri h ( a g , . ) g isc r e u murakhkhas u v érmék d ha g battal , y izi ismiss h i r n salivérm ék v. (d , ) att l ka da GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 345

an i . En l sh Ar i K rdish S riac . men u . g . y

e s krase h an m éz s miz d - kt ot h a d k g , pe h t akht a h d o a t h az h d es t c n . bas n an i ka kt awa pa h ( ) ( g ) , k ab , g namag d est ro ant el ave rel r kir mukhr filé y q , kha ab

‘ d e t in e n e t i a bah l , pa d l a t l kirin, li t o ut in ( t . p girt in priso n or ’ unde r arre st ) det erminat ion vorosh oumn niyat zakh m qaed mat in am md at g q , rout ium

t e v s n s it n , ada a ha a

‘ i rr oe t anch or zik c 6in izalad - kzisa d a h a q , p h é louds anq merrnil i an mit hlé mir n , j da

i fere nce d ar erout iun r iirsh un a d f p , fa q p y zanazanoutiun

t zh var zah mat

ore kul n n in p l a , ka d s unt h ri nanish ao ja h , q (e ve ning me al)

ire ct ad a shid a ou hi h d irist d ( ) g, g g , oughghagi (= dire c t t o) ah d od ie in g p , chirk ‘ anh e d anal in or na et hiblé h da f le , g i r bu d ya ,

‘ disc harge barb e l h aré gami mpalit t ana c r o v ai ai . d n n n ( a g , ) ‘ d isc h ai e art za el vrnd e l i rham alit g g , az l kirin , p is iss v. (d m , ) kirin 346 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

li h Arabic Eng s . . isc i ine m ni n ri azat ni -u-int iz d pl ( ) dham azm , y zam am

isc o er kesh e f ik d ar aft an bulma s i d v , y y , q , ke h shaf daryab ét mék ise se r na- us i khast ali i e t d a ma dh kh h q , ll

is onest in mii na- d urust irsi ius d h khay , kh z , af sadiq siz ‘ ‘ ‘ iso e ient ai s r s ai it aat siz dik d b d s a ka h , s , bash ash sh ar u d ahit ma t , y g q tash shir m fi radhi darghin

ba‘ id nai l h yah (p . nawabi) n n h é kha daq (pl. kha daq énd q kha nadiq) gh awwas (also ghauwas d algh ich submarine) i i e ss u t a sim r n t a sim ét mék d v d ga am, y q ka da , q , qassim ay1rmaq i isi fir ah l fir ah fir a d v on q (p . q q fir aq) s usaw r n kun a ma awwa , y ka da , y p q , ét mék sl- u i ma gémi ha z , r i d ok t rs n u i ak b , e a e ha z ‘ d oc kyard mina li-t amir kar khane h -i t ersane e s- sufun kasht i - sam i i afi m i hak m tab b , h hek m e l i sa k lb (p . k lab) g kopek r l a r ul ésh ék r h hama (p . h kha , agh , me ke

l h d ar bab (p . a web) ' h kk a s r n shubh é ét mék ou t v. s e d b ( ) , y hakk ka da , kun GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 347

En a Kurd h li h Arm e n n s . i is . g . d isci ine n arkabah ou t r i rizat arbiah pl ( . ) g a b ah , , t iun h rah ank n , azam isc o e r kd nel ere n d it s kir m filélé d v , y va , ka hf g hanel di se se hivant out iun nasakhi nassakh fit ha a , mara ’ is onest anbar e shd in h é in d h g kha , kha sharm disob e dient anh nazand

d arad ze l t afri m e r is , q kirin , p p krave l rav and in anko h d h ad i1a1 5 2 1 i1a 11 1 512 1 , , jad z qabul h errou d fir yarikh a kavarr t , qaza , wala qaza sh rchanag os c h al kh and a n p , q kha daq

lou ha h ou c ho bin avé h e lé g g, g s o ri zag, h dag souzogh ' i i e azhanel ismat m lilélé d v d p q kir , p bahI é da division

nue ne kir e wed h lé e l , a l , aw d

n n i gaya av , avazan navi doc kyard navaran

pzhishg hakim shoun se h e sh

‘ d ourr t ourr ri e r t r , da , d ga a a

o u t v. as ad zil s s i d b ( ) g g , hakk kir , h k daragousil bsh ubhat bii 348 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

h Ar ic r an . n i . T r ish E li ab . e s u g s . P k

r o t a uma mut ar im t ér uma d ag man rj n (pl. j j n t arjumaniyah ) r re se e rse m r s r n résm ét mék d aw m , y a m ka da &c (map , . ) r u rr aurr ke sh id an ch ékmék d aw (p ll) j a , y j r u re se e rse m r s kashidan t anzim ét m ék d aw p m , y a m , ocu ent or ket eb ik s (d m ) , y ka h t ab ' ’ r u ine afi aufi afi st n t anzim ét mék d aw p (l s , y s s ba a , of t 10 0 ps) band re ss intrana is ilbas ii shid an e inmék d ( ) lab , y p , g y pfish dre ss (trans) lebbe s ge yindirmék re ss r arbu r u ara ba h1a d abat , y t ma ham g (y ) g oun zash t an (a w d) , maq guzar ' i t afii bas i raft a a i t i r v. n su un n d f ( ) tafa , y t a l , y q sile qapilmaq rink n ich i d ( . ) q

i he ib is ashamid a o ich m k r n v. s r n r é d k ( ) , , y h ' rab niishidan , niish

ri e trans sa asu ~ r n n ran surmék os d v ( ) q , y q a da , , q h d urmaq

‘ ’ ‘ ri e r oi oar arabachi s rc i s arabai d v ( u h , kala j riage ) ka c hi ro n r r s u n bo h ma d w gha aq , yagh gha q h da , g q n ans ra s u (i tr . q ha ro ans ah ra u h hai r n bo h ulma n tr . d w ( g q , y g g q ka da , g q ri q kun r s r n l st sérkh osh d unk ak a (p . ma sakara) d r 17 e bbe s u us kar urut ma y ( ) y , y kh hk q q ebbis or d an k un y , nash shaf u , y nash shif d r ad is nashif us uru y ( j yab , kh hk q uc e s iird ak 6rd ék d k b h , battah ust 6z u r r t 6z d t , gh ba ga d

350 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS a . Ar i i n i h a er n h . E gl s b c . P s . Turki s t ax re s l ru s u t . u ru r d y ( ) m (p g m k , baj vergi , e m sfimat ) dynamit e d inamit d inamit dinamit dysent e ry is-hal d e m e a c h kull

udhn (dual udh nain) min waqt (in goo d t ime) badri ar t r in arz t o r fi , ab zam , p aq t ur i ini i t o ra d an ab , t khak P q mit ras khak riz ist 1hkyam s r r s r s r un ha q khawa , ha q ha q , g d ogh usu ‘ East er ld el- qiyamah Id -i-fash Biiyiik pas qalya sharqi sharqi sharqi se hl asan golai ’ akul ur n ur émék akal , y kh da , kh y bédh ah l t u - i u urt (p . khm y m a b édh) murgh Masr Mist Masri Misri aks aranj

' e mbark reke b (yit bar kasht i gémiyé bin ’ intm ns kub fi s i su r s u n ( ) ) af wa h da , mek nah shau e mbarkation rukiib rukub gémiyé bin

méklik .

aulah m e m mamlakat d évlét d , , le kah padshahi

‘ ‘ e o t in ist amal as ist i mal kar ullanma mpl y ( h g) , y q q ‘ t i d an kun a m l , GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 35 1

i n Kurdi h . Armen a . s d ut y (t ax ) max baj gumruk kheri

n it e d inamit dy am , o uzhanag t h anc h q is- hal iura anch our har har- kas y q , , amme n m e g (for p e rso ns) aganc h gfi h nat ha

ganoukh zii

‘ e rt er ir ke d in ard soi ar a a h y g , , akh ( l) ‘ eart he n gavayin zh - akhi min- e pra ‘ e art hwork h ogh at h oump c hapare akbe c hapar d - e pra e st arevelk khawarasan mad e nkha a , khuralat ‘ East er Ed ha d - pe sha ‘ Ed hagfi ra arevelian zh -tavhalsan mad e nkh aya

h e shd t iurin s n “ sanah l s n i , ha a , a ah oud el khwarin ikh ellé hav it h t ou h ék bét ah g , z , kha

Misr Meser Misri Me sraya anishk firsiilt a , bala q is m hk , bala i m lka , kin arishk nav md nel sar gami ya rkfilé b -mai hwa c h 6 e mbarkat ion nav md neln

d e rout iun a u t 6r e t im rat fit h a , g y da la , k p s t iu i rou n, n qnagalout iun ‘ e mpl oy (t hing) kord z ad zel ist imal kir must u millé 352 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

“ er ian T rkis En i h Arabic . s . h l s . u g P .

e o m en ist akh d am t ash hil kar ish y r mpl y ( ) , g e mek ast akh d im d an kun y , e t v farre h u i r n boshat ma mp y ( . ) g , y khal ka da , q farrigh kun e mpt y (adj ) farigh khali

e nc khaime h za c di r firma amp khayyam, ha q q ukha im dan zan y yy , e nc e nt i mu c ir ah c ir éri ampm kh yam , had g had y (oi no mads) kh aiyam ’ e nd rans e nh a unh i n n bit irmék (t ) , y a j am dada , or kh alla d e h or t s, amam ukh alli r n kun y s ka da , e n re t a ammal t a ammul d a anma du h , h y q at a ammal namfid an y h , numa ‘ ‘ ii l ad us m n d ushmén e ne my ad (p . d h a ‘ wi n or a da) makinah mashin makina muh andis muh andis m uh e nd is (c iv (c ivil or 11) c h arkhji milit ary) ; o st a (me c hanic al) ; (me c hanic al) ist ihkyam i e n ine ers ala ( g , milit ary) England Anglat erra I nglist an I ngilt e rra E is An lézi l I n lisi n i ngl hman g (p . g I gl z Angléz ) ‘ e nlist (army) ke t e b fil sarbaz karda n askérliyé ‘ askariyah (trans ) sar yazilmaq baz shud an (intrans ) e no u i be s bas kau ét ishir k afi gh kaf , , y , y e si n er baira s n h ir n g b aq q a jaq , a ag e t re c t n t s n ur st n t abassun ét mék n n h ahassa , ya a a g ba a hassan

e nt re nc h me nt s ist ihkamat sa ngur i st ihkamat

e arf h alf r t r e nve lop Q , g za f, paka za f GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 353

Armenian . e mpl oy (me n) vart z el ish da we llé sh iila

t ad ar l li kir ms ii e lé e v. t e mp y ( ) g , kha p q barb e l e t ad t at ar t ar i mp y ( j ) g, khal , wala d ag e nca ana el ana var kir mp p g , p g t nel e nc ent r n t neln z6m var z6ma ampm v a , , (oi no mads) panagoum e nd trans avard e l kir khli lé t imlé ( ) khalas s ,

en ure hand ourzh el a r kir an h r d , s b , j s e e dogal bishik b u e ne my t sh nami d izh min d ishmin

m e q e na makinah mah nah me q e nakor d z muh and is muhandis

' England Anglia I nglist an Engilt erra Englishman Angliat si I nglizi I nglézaya

‘ e n ist r z inv orakre l b o s r kt iwas6ld at l (a my) , a ka gir zinvorakrvil t in (trans) ; la ‘ (t o be a skar c h 6in e nlist e d) (intrana) e nou n ss ss kmalé gh payaga ba ba a , e nsi n nsh an t ros s n baira baida g , h a jaq, q q e nt renc h bad ne sh ne rov bar kha ndaq dari sa ngar amrat sne l c 6in bar h , c hapar rfi n ish t in ent re nc e nt s amrat sout iun c r n s n ri hm g hapa , kha a ga d aq e nve l ope d zrar zarf

M ES. I Z 354 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li Arabic r sh . ian T . e s ur ish g P . k . e qual (adj ) musawa barabar musavi

' ’ ahhaz u ah t ahiz r n t é hiz ét mék j , y j j ka da , j , hiz kun d onat maq (ship) namii nis su x ghalat , yagh ghalat ya h(! fi ) la or d an nu var afi ilma t akhta , , ma , y q yukhti e sc v inh e ze m e r st n rah o ac hm e . n r a ap ( ) , y a a , q q h e zim r i aft an aha y , yab i e sc ort n. r r s r e onbo ( ) khafa , ha bad aq h q y esc ort a rafa r s mr raft an réfaat ét mé ( ) q , ha a , ha ah , q yahrus rau e cu t e ukhalli t akhli e h t akhli é ét mék va a khalla , y y y , or farre h r n boshat ma g , ka da , q yufarrigh kun sham har

kull sh e hame h c hiz h ér she i fi u n har a h ér re hér k ll maka j ye , yérd e ex an fine af a t t is kar t éft ish ét mék fahas y h s af h , uest ion d an kun o lama (a q ) ; , y q q imt a a h n, yamt ahin (a c andidat e) e ce t i11 bi- uz az -d an bash a x p 5, j q e c n e be d d e l i r n d i ish ét mék x v. u ha g ( ) , y yaz ka da g be d d il (bart e r) ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ g ad hi r s afv ét mék ex cuse v. r r ( ) a ha , y ; ma zu da h , ‘ ‘ adh dh ar t a d ar afv ét d irmék n, (make e xc use s for) ‘ ' e ercise n t amri t i . n x ( ) , a l m ‘ (physic al) riyadh ah ‘ e e c t int ad h ar an munt azir me mnl ét mék xp , y t ad h ir bfid an GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 355

Aimenian . rdi S r Ku sh iac . . y e u ad havasar e ' be rambar r r q al ( j ) , ham , ba aba mad wakiiyak S arrazinel p , zinel

moloril kh alat kir ghletlé

‘ esc e akh c hil bu ré lé khli lé ap p , khalas , q , s khuys dal ravi

esc ort n. ou h e it s ( ) g g , h ed evort q i m e sc ort (v. ) ough egt s l himayat kir mhii élé e c u t e t adar el hélan shwé lé va a g , q barbe l

‘ e enin iri oun évar hin iir asert a v g g , g e er en m1 i har u v y am , hamm , k ll ame n m e g e veryt hing ame n inc h hammi t esht kull mindi ‘ everywhe re amenoure q har arda kull d fika e ine umel an f e lé m fi xam q fahs kir , q j h s , p d it t eshlé

e ce t i r i shwfi min x p lla , maga lla , q e c n e v o a a . o shakli x ha g ( ) p kh l , p k badal kirin p h anage l e c use a ne rel i in makhli x ( ) h jjah , gaz

‘ e ercis n m al e . arzan arrandin t a firaba ist i m x ( ) q g , j , lim kir expe c t d ipain sapir kham kirin 356 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A i e h an r . r c . r i Tu kis ab P s . r l r r sr mas af (p . kha j kha j , ma af masarif) ‘ e in fe sser uf essir r n anlat ma t arif xpla , y ka da , q , kun ét mék

r uia ir infi ar r n atlat ma fajja , y jj j ka da , p q kun

infaar an t arakid an at lama j , y , p q fajir t arak infijar infijar pat lama ‘ ‘ t ib at h hamlbi- ri is t i o n r ba a h , y kha j d ha g de kardan mek ‘ ‘ ‘ e ose mu arrad h marfi z marfi z c i xp d , a h q

‘ e we na jah made h mish dishi- q oyiin ‘ ain (d ual c hashm g6z ‘ i i n n l. a a , p ‘ uyiin) e t in uis afi a u afli kh amfi sh sund m’ mék x g h t , y t kardan

l rfii fir t wajh (p . , s a wujiih) in i s i d o h rfi am , sad q ad q , g ‘ ‘ o d iish mék waga , y ga ; sa a as u q t , y q t (oi c it y) ‘ ' i ailah -i- ne famil a év fam ly y ahl kha h y , , ch oluqc h oj uq lar

ous s r mashhiir méshhiir fam ma hhu , namdar ‘ ‘ mut aassib mut aassib bafid d fir ‘ ‘ mazra ah mazra ‘ ‘ e e s nt r i t ir f llah (p a a ) a ya , z a at kar ‘ ‘ rrier na 61 nal- n n - n fa ba d a al ba d , ait r vet b a( . ) fat ad s in l rh e s i is ( j am (p . fa h em z Sh h saman)

358 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En Arabic e a lish . . rsi n Turkish g P . . fa i n se e n t n . ( ) d h , m fat her ab our n fadh lah fav ( . ) e r v akh af t arsidan t rs or ma f a ( . ) khaf , y , a q q q fe a st azimah id ziyaiét

Fe bruary Shubat Shubat Shubat ‘ ‘ fe eble dha if za if quvét siz

‘ ‘ ferr n maéber r c i éri y ( . ) ma ba , ge h d y guzar-gah fertile inukhsib hasil -khiz bérékét li

abi i bi awurd an ar ét ir 3 yaj , g sakh iinah t ab sit ma qalil kam az

‘ m azra ah c haman t arla t i l t in n ir in ir nah (p . ) a j j ‘ t aarak n r n muh arébé ét , j a g ka da , yat a‘ arak kun mek ara t ah b , yat aharab ‘ fi ht 71 r b hav ha mu~ g ( ) a ka g g , barebe file oi so iers afi s ffif r ii it ar sir l. u ( ld ) s (p ) ad , q a fill t ere s it ras ur r n d old urma , y p ka da , q kun mat rfi s purshud a(or (10 111 mamlu) muhrah madeh kurre h q i sraq t ai waad o ad aft an ab bulma j , y j y , y q ‘ u u l n us t arma sb (p . a g h p q asabi‘ ) fi nish 0 khalla u t m r n bit irmék ( ) s, y a am ka da khallis ke m me l OF S 359 GLOSSARIES WORD ;

Armenian . Kurdish , djarb r e hay bab bab , kakka sh norh r e i s n minnat sh aaat , ba k y h a , , p q lutf vakh nal t e rsin zd élé ‘ ‘ a i ae c es d on zv rd id r id c . , , ba am ( l ) n o ud e l s ja al , (day ) da e1 i e wat ziafat khm ( . . , e at and (merry) drink Pe d rvar Sibat Eshwat d ar ni r béwazh kfih zabfin g , ha , , zabfi n

a s ami 'kalak ami a err n . nav t f y ( ) g, la g , g y , qaye gh ert i e are e r r mukh ib t n f l p p , a ka s , ava a ‘ va nt khosh - ard e rel ne in n mfit h élé p , da l a d e nt er t a s t d , j m ha ha ic saav bin i ec h ak c q h , g d k , p kha ha (t hings o nly) t ash d s t s t c c m , da h , da h , hamm ham a , haqla t ou h ézh ir h in ir t in t éné z , j a , rrvel er s rr kir éwe d hlé sharré g , bad ha , azm el palish

fi ht n. rriv s rr n sharré g ( ) g ha , ja g

' file oi soldiers ark s r afi z 6 ad -s6l at i ( ) _g , ha q s g d fill lt sne l t e i r urr mlélé zh ki , p kir le t svad z le t t a i , zh soun md roug (t zi) juani mfih ert ha kd nel di t i kir i c i ‘ , pa da m h g t i i amust fibét a mad l , s

’ fi is v a a n h . d re l lmnt s irin ari ( ) g , { khala k , p q sue l t amam kirin 360 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ar c ersian Tur h En h abi . ki s . glis . P . fire n nar t is t e s ( . ) a h a h fir e -plac e b ukhari bukhari ojaq fire -wood hatab hizam o dun

firin ine e - afl el- afi - i- u t s safi t s g l s s awwal s a wal a e h , a e h ye m t it i ust uwar si i hab , qaw , paya q ar m d , uh kam fis n se e e me c i h . s h m ( ) m k, ah sin se m ( g. c he h) béra l baira q (p . q bayariq) ‘ ad il musa a m r mu d uz si , tt h ha wa , , ya sattah bur hiit h l g (p , kak baraghit h) r ahrub urfi htan achma ha ab , y g , q q or inh e zem uriz , g yenh e zim t azat -i-jangi d onanma

fle sh lahm gusht ‘ flock (m) qati galle h oo z d ove rflow s i sél ie ézan fl d n . : see 6 ( ( ) a lab , y also t ide ) floor arghiyah zamin

tabi n waad l chi c r (p . hek wurfid ) d habanah l s (p . maga d h abban) ' ar ir ri n ar fichma t , yat pa da , p q meh um n sis us dhabab d a , , p

‘ ‘ ‘ i i i raft an ar asina el o o t t . f ll w b , y ba aqab q g rau mek ar in , d a gélmék GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 361

Armenia n .

grag agir varraran bikh e ri

varrelaa d i c i p y b zh , h lka , d ar firing line gragi sahman ard é sharr

our in z akh m rra am , b d q , qawi

t a fish (n . ) t zong nfin

t roshag

d a a rt s t s i sh i a p g, ha h da h , aw t h

kaic h pe t t i na

e v fl e ( . ) pakhfl

flesh flock (n ) floo d n : see ( . also t ide ) floor

aliur ar ard kh fina , t d zahi ul r chuc a g g g wa da , h g

fl n . an is d i y ( ) j j ma h , muz dwa ' t rrc he l t rril e rrin éré , f t msh oush mar mizh t am kh é fit ha , , p rakh ough foll ow h e d e vel le gal or Ie pa ize llé bat hré hat in GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Araic er n Tur i h b sia . k s , P . ‘ e kl khfirak ~ é é ék émék , ta am y y i , y

i l. r fil é n (p j ) qadam, p ayaq yaya qadam (on foot ) (me asure ) oot at h si r rah - i-kfi chak méslék c o n f p kkah , da b , h ba yolu li-khatir -ic hin (f ollow ing word) b enim-ic hin senin-ic hin

luh barayl - u anin-ic hin l e ha barayi -fi am n- mh ln l e na barayi ma blZ lm -1ohin l e kum barayi-shuma sizin-ic hin le h um barayi ishan anlar ic hin ‘ C e n i n n a asa ét mék m a , y m a qadagha , q y q ‘ or n or man ét m é e i aha , dagh d y anha r n kun t énbih ét mék y ka da , makh adhah r- i or n . u c f d ( ) , g za gah ge h d ‘ mae b er fore c ast le foreigner e j nabi

orest z6r n is e or n f ghabah , ja gal , b h h ma

ne si insa faramiish oniit ma , y q r n kun ka da , ‘ ‘ ‘ an u bakh shid an bahi shlama afa , ya f , g q , ‘ ‘ an bakhsh afv ét mék c in c n a c t h gal , ha g l ha al sh 6kah ' ] sabi an sabi aévvél é gab , q q , j aah qal ‘ é ist ihkam at ist ihkyamat

fi ist a kam ist i kam istihk am h , h y ast a kim n d eh ét mék y h dada , fort unat e hadh idh nik- bakht bakht yar GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 363

K r i h S ria . En lish Armenian u d s . c g . . y oo snount e r khwarin t e s t i f d , g a , h hala

foot pat h shavigh

r t a ali hama , q ,

int z hamar b6min q e z hamar b6t a

anor hamar b6wi anor hamar b6wi m e z hamar b6ma t ze z hamar b6wa talaukh fin anont z hamar b6wan t alaihi ' arkilel haralm kir m uhrimlé

or m h e h e had orr d erbaz f d ( ) g g , b , h oun ke di fore c ast le verin masn kh elat s navi foreigner o d aragan niikh raya

and arr

m orrnal nsh élé

nere zh é bhurt in shwe l l , q é ‘ affi kirdin

ad arrakah c n c h e n ala p g , ha gal g c hat al ankhav aishin rin g p , ba amrot s c r qala , hapa amrout iun c r q , hapa pert ' amrat snel ist ihkam kir muzkhimlé fort unat e pakht avor khudah - bakht mar gada 364 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

h rai n A c . an E li . b g s Persi . fo wl d ajajah murgh ‘ ' fo x t ri ha lab (pl. bah t ha ‘ alib) Franc e Fransa Firanse h fre e (adj ) hurr azad free (gratis) bi- lash majjani (adj ) freight (c argo) himl bar- e ka sht i fre ight u6l kiraya (c harge s)

Fransawi i t i‘ jad d , az Y 6m e l ‘ j um ah muhibb u khawwaf , y khawwif fro m min -dan (f ollowing the noun) ben-d en

sén- d én

an- dan

an- d an

biz- d én siz-d én

anlar-d an hudud

irahi d on q g ,

t m r miwe h ei émish ha a , m ye , y faki ah l h (p . fawakih) fahm ; hatab (wo o d) mat rfis j inazah funnel (oi ship) mad khanah

366 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

e an r Tur i h . P si . k s d iirt ar daha uzaq

iat ilah ia t il use n . a e h f ( ) (pl. f t ayil) ‘ z6baah fii an -i firt ina , t , bad fort finah shadid ‘ o raka al v. c r n gall p ( ) fi , ha yarkud h or raft an r u arid ta ad , y t ust n l bah c h é b a (p . bagh g ’ ba satin) garrison muhafad h ah sakhlfi

l ab r e bab (p . da waz h wab) l ghazal (p . ghazlan) gazet t e j aridah rfi z— nama ghazét a

c hur h e s r t s alétlér g akh , a bab , ' simm t aqim i n mukh i bar- ir idish at bei ir h sa s g , , g akht e h us ir a1d s r r féri om m h , q a da q , q ah d an ge nerous karim sakhi jumerd

i narm mulaim ul i lat f , y m ay m Almani Almani Ale man Almanya Alman Ale manya u t ab alma n i hassal , y has yaf ah , y q , a l il ét mék ét ish s , y

mek, et u rise am afim bar st al ma g p ( ) g , y g kha ah , q q q ' khiz ran h an i n g d h , yagh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 367

A me i n K r En li h r n a . u di h s s . S riac g . y . urt e r e i e i d firt ir d is z6d a f h av l , av l ( h e rrou t nc e a ) , galak t ir urt ir in , p ( addit io n) se n ba t h out sich fu ( . ) v

ot ori u n r c 6 p g t fa ka ape h , t pana 1 arrasm k l e u in mu r l ga10 p (v. ) q pa e b za d t é é

r e c bis bfi c h a ba d z bagh ha , g t an ‘ garrison bahaban z orq askaré qala qarawul

‘ t r s er ri t r a ba d ga, da a a

si h l a k , g aza ghazala

et t e lrakir ne s t r6zh gaz ( w gaze a , pap er) ; ba sh nama d o nagan t sou t sag (offi cial list ) sbas az t khi rrfi alitiat ha q , g ala , inad zq V ort zad (nerqi bargil nialsial t zi) ‘ ‘ general zoravar sar askar sar askar

e nerous veh ant z n ara r i i t iikh a g , ma d , d lma l bba p d at ze rrn u amér zin , j azniv n r kh wash nikha a m, Ke rmanat si Almani Almnaya Ke rmania Almanya Almanya t se rrq perel paida kirin mhfisellé me y1

get up (rise) yelnel

mishkha 368 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish r ic er ian ab . s T r i h g . A P . u k s . ir int l u t r iz g l b (p . d kh a q banat ) batan t ang qolan ‘ ‘ a a u i n d e h y r t , y t ; dada , e mek ant a ; yanti lve i n ist aslam t s i t s i -ol g , a l m e l m maq surre n er ast aslim s u n s u ( d ) y h da , ha ' r n srur us - al mémmm glad fa ha , ma kh h h gla ss (oi win j am shisha d ow) ss for s s s i e gla ( gla , hu hah p yal h drinking) o es kuf iif sin d ast kash - h é éldivé gl v ( g. n ke fi) ra arfi re it n rau it mék h , y h a , g s r usafir afa , y . (ou a 10 m

I go away rawane h git m e k 75 in sh udan shau ( m ) , o 1 6 1 e m sh i bi-r6 um it c g away 1, , g g , qa h (imper) shau o in e id i sh u ic em- it mék g d khal , y dakh l h g , d an s u irmék khal , ha g o out r k birfin r it m c hi ma g kha aj , ya h a a , q q t uj rau o oi mac hine me sh a im sh i kar r n ishlém ék g ( ) , y ka da

t és (h e -go at ) ; buz ‘ anzah (sh e ‘ go at ) ; ma az colle c ( t . ) Allah Khuda

‘ d h e h e b zar t , ala i z 6n t ayy b , khub

’ g oo d -bye (t o 11 aman Allah Khuda h afi z allah a smar ‘ ’ frie nd depart or ma a s lad iq ing) se lame h GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 369

i r a f S i c . Ar Ku d sh . menian . y

ah chi ic kanishk r t g g k h , b a a

o ab at t i n n p g, g b g ta ga cl n iwe llé e dal a , yaw l

give i n ant znad our t aslim kir msiile nilé linel

ourakh dilkhwash i i , ps kha , khad a shad oi win abai bad ou shfi sh a am s us ( g ( , j h ha d ow) hani) l ss for azh a t r r sh iis hah s g a ( p g a a , ka a drinking) ’ o e s t zerrnot s la ik sh e lik braid hat ha gl v p , , lapikkat ha ize llé

go away herranal zhdarva oh 6n npiqlé (infin) o kna! h e rat sir ! ir u rr liit g away b a , ha a , p (impen ) d arkava go in ne rs yert a] h at ind aré iwere

go out t ours yert al c h 6nzh d ar npiqlé barayé

I

o oi machine knal sharzhil c h fi n g ( ) , , e rt al me ni l y , g aydz

'

Asd vad z K u K u A , h da , h de laha vosgi z er d ahwa ' ri C s r n pa haka , ba ha , tawa , a da goo d - bye (t o rhnas paro y balgh at e rat a push b -shayna rie n e rt sin m nak f d d pa ( g) , ing) parov

M ES I 3 70 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

a c Ar bi . ersian Tur ish P . k . Allah ye sse l oghurlar olsun lim ek or Allah yihfafi ak wazzah , battah qaz qaz ‘ h ukfimat id aré ét mék hakam ala , yahkam karda n hakfimah daulat h ukumét iderat e l mahall - i-hukfi qonaq hukiimah mat ‘ abubat bo hd ai h , ta am ghalla g

a nab angfir uzum hashish giyah 6b sh ékir nimniin -s in s miit ésh ékkir g haqq h a , shakii r dihn c harbi yagh ‘ adhim buzurg buyiik ‘ t o e fishi a ot lt o pal , aba bal p q p , pa (oi Arab) ‘ re e ris azmand ach - o u g dy tamma ha , g zl

akh dhar sabz yeshil ‘ se e t a i eh kar sélam -vérniék ll m ala , h y ‘ usellim d an kun or sa y ala , r n lam ka da , kun

e shh e b ramad i ist ri kir boz fimii , khak a , , g shu greyhound salugi t azi t azi groce r baqqal baqqal baqqal ‘ ro o s is l sa as e t r se is g m a (p . yy ) m h a ‘ ro a i ér un n . r n g d ( ) a _dh_, g zam y run roun s e e is bi- ri randan ot urma ( ag d) h l h , y h g q la trans h ( ) , bi-rig khurdan (intrana) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 37 1

A an r i r rmeni . u d sk. S iac K y . ye rt a s paroy yert aq parov (pL) sak son qaz , a ishkh e l r u irin , ga a h km k vare l garavarout iun hukfimat garravar sarai c had oun s i d an d in ik t ore n e . d ( . , dakhla whe at ) ; se rm i e se e m e ( . . d) ; g i e o ne had ( . . grain) kh agh ogh t iri khot gia yerakht aked sh ekerd ar

re se r c or o mis n. hkh a g a ( ) j a b ha , qala re t me d z in ur rraba g a maz , ga a ‘ re t c o t h asd verar ou sak6 sak6 g a a g , aba abayah ,

sh ad a er d za amakar is n g , t k a a gac h q anac h s in s arfi a g h , ka k y q arevel o s d rélé shlama p , y gh alam da ch ounel

ors o r b6z s i 6ra r k h , m kh a , p g , khwa a koyn (grey c ol oure d) greyhound vorsi shoun t azhi groc er nbaravadjar baqal roo t ziaban i t ar s ai is g m m h , y roun n i i ar . e m er r d g d ( ) k d , y g ’ ‘ run roun kh rad z o d i -ak ( ag d) , g gam la h rad z kat in OF S GLOSSARIES . WORD

ab En h Ar ic . ersian i . r h . gl s . P Tu kis ‘ ‘ ro r ise r isra rfi anid an c hi arma é g w ( a ) za a , y y q q , k mek (sow)

u r n ris naiir aravul s bék i g a d ( . ) ha , t q qaya , j ui e n i r b r ulawuz ron g d ( . ) dal l ah a q (p la- uz ol q ) , y g6st erij i ’ i ah d i or hnumai ol 6st rm ék u e v. ra é g d ( ) hada , y , y g , e ad ill r n kun d élalét ét m ék d ll , y ka da , guilt y mudhnib muqassir qabahat li gulf khalij khalij k6rféz ‘ i l fi t o gun (c annon) mad a (p . t p p ‘ mad afi ) or t 6p l awa (p . t p) ‘ gun (mac hine ) rash sh ash t up-e m usalsal mit ralyiiz

' gunb oat gh anb6t c h i t ii c h i gunner t 6p (pl. p t 6pchiyah ) gunp o wder barud gyp sum j uss

‘ had (I ) kan a ndi d ash t am benim (beade) varid i

i n aliib t r t r o u ha l ( . ) h aga g, aga d l ‘ hair sha r mm sac h hairdresser muzéyyin salmani muzeyin

ri ri ya m, ya , buoh uq i o if waist aan d firma t v. d hal ( ) waga , y g , q ist halt (impen ) o gai bi-ist

t e r n re shmah s r ular hal ( . ) af a y mara ah c hakush c h éki hamme r (n . ) t q j r ad kfibid an kfib c e v. u hamm ( ) daqq , y qq , haqmaq

37 4 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En h Ara c lis bi . an ersi . T r h . g . P u kis

e d d l st hand y or i (p . da ed i) hand gre nade qumbalat e l khumpare - yi él-qumbarasi e d ana st y (pl. q da bil e l- ye d ) n erc ie ke fi ah e n i d ast mal ha dk h f y , m d l ‘ n u awikht an ha g p allaq, , ‘ yu alliq awiz farhan kamran mesrur

r o r in l n r i n ha b u m a (p . ma ba da l ma ni n r wa ) , ba da i s t si t s rt t i qaw akh , f e , qa a bah un ros i fahish é g h j da p , harvest (7a) hasad (se aso n) ; diran ; hasil mah sul (crop) hasil (pro (croP) bichim vaqit i duc e ) (se ason) ‘ bil- aj e l shit abana aj ele ile

sh e fqah kulah sh apqa

‘ t e v ere ikrah karahi at ad avet ét mék ha ( . ) k h , y y , r n ikrah ét mék ka da , , kun s évmémék ' e ronominal s t n d ar ronomznal hav (p da h a , (p sufi zv added sufi x add ed to preposition to the thing and meanin ossessed , g p , wit h f ollowed by var) ' ~im y ai -in var

-i 07 Si V ar ( ) , or si var i ( ) ,

-iniz var -1éri (or lari) V ar ‘ i 8 m na- s t n 6 used like e not 1116 n . hav a d , da h a , y q ( na- d ar var) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 375

K r h S r u dis iac . . y dast idha

n ren t zerr i t roum ha d g ade q p, rrmpag

nd erc ie t ashkina d asmal i alikht a ha k h f g , kaf ya y n u akh el h alawist in t lélé ha g p g , awiz kir ourakh zvart khw6sh d il khad i a , , , y ye rc h anig se vik harbour navahankisd mina

ard zr s t rra e sh a s rt g akh , q q y , a hanra in t so ah ba zanit a g , p q ‘ (po z vulgar) r e st n h ount z rt i s r khizd a ha v ( . ) q , a ha ad , kha un man d irfi n q ,

sh oud ov blazzi , adja barano q klkh ar barnai a o kfi sit a g t , kla franj i e i d izh mi hat e (v. ) ad l wak n suele girt

a it h have onnen l (use prep . )

it ti , it h li it t okh it t é it t ah it t au it t aukhfi it t i it hlhun a ,

’ e not ch ounenal mi n nin &c t t i hav a, la . 76 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Arabic er ian . . . s h g P k is .

‘ ‘ have you ande k ? ayami ~ d arid ~iniz var- mi 2

ish sh ti n i -i ur t ‘ q , b g yah q u o khushkburma

h e h fia 0 ’ ’ e fas l ru iis h ad (p . ) bash ‘ ’ he ada c he waja 1 6 s bash agh risi ’ ’ e n ras ru iis ii h adla d (pl. ) b rii n head - quart ers markaz or du mérkézi

‘ e t mut aafi i t and urust sahlam h al hy , sah , g c h agh k6mah t fid eh yighin kawwam t fid e h r n i h ma , ka da , y g q yukawwim kun ‘ ‘ se i isma sh unidan ishit mék m , y , shunan l dil ék l . iir unn qalb (p y , g qulfib) t mi isit ma e v. u h a ( ) ahma , y h q

rr r r h ararét si a ha , ha a ah , j q t haqil aghir jah e nnam jih e nne m

sakki n‘ sukkan dumen ‘ ‘ s usaid n ard im - ét mék a ad , y madad dada , y d eh ‘ n us ri help ( . ) m a adah yawa - e a - a -a h er h , h ,

‘ er n t i e suru h d ( . ) qa gall h ere in in bfira a r h h a ja y , bu ada i e trans i ukhfi n n kar sa lama h d ( ) akh a , y pa ha q q , d an kun izlémék , g i e intrans ikht afa n n sa lanma h d ( ) , yakh pa ha q q , t i s u n S u izlénmék af h da , ha g ‘ ali buland yiiks ék GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 37 7

K rd h Armenian u is . ‘ ? a11 it h have you 2 ouniq ouniq t ahaya 1 g 6 t ok ‘ t ouq ? it h l6kun P o t fi na i kh d , g la h e an ani a 6 6 , g awa , head kloukh sar résha headac he klkhat sav dardé sar mara d - résha e n sar saravant s t r6mt a h adla d , hakh , hala head - quart ers sbayaguydi va r zorad y , de ghi e arro h s k sahlam sahlam s h althy g j a h , g g , akh

e n t e z u d shke rr kfimah shke rra h ap ( , g y , e u t izel oud a el sar t akwim mkfi wi mlé h ap p , g g da , kir

behist in sh mélé

s r kir m hkh n heat (v. ) d agt nel ga m fis e n é

e d a ut i r h mm h at (n . ) g un ga m k e a heavy d zanr giran yaqfira e t zh kh e hannam ih e o . na h ll q j , g duzha he lm ghe g ‘ e 1) oknel ri m hé ir h lp ( ha da inné , y

e n . o knout lun ri ri h lp ( ) ha , ya h er anor

er n nakhir h d ( . ) ere h os asd h , i e trans t h a t sunel h d ( ) q , d zad zgel i e intrana t h a chil h d ( ) q , d zad zgvil pat t er bilind x rame 37 8 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Ar ian T r abic er . u h . s kis . g . P

hi h road r su ni rah s - rah i ol g da b lta , , hah j dde (y ) t ariq

i t er e el-mo i - i- r i k ami] h ghwa m dd madd da ya , medd y , deniz qabar masi t t e l. uliil kfih t e t ll (p ) , app h epe

t e l ir kfih -i- c t é é ik h u iik l sagh ku hak p j , y dhat t ulfil past 11 buland imi shli yo qushlu him -uh ~hu su x ii -ra-ash ona , ( fi ) , (sufi w) o nu himse lf ne fsuh kh ud ash ke ndi

‘ ‘ in e r e n man r n bra mama h d m a , ka da , q q , ‘ ‘ yinma kun mani olmaq hire (71) karwah kiraya

-uh -h u su x -i-ii -ash su ix onun , ( fi ) , , ( fi ) maluh hit a g r a n zan vurma ( ) _ha ab , y zada , q _d h rab (st rike) ; (st rike) aib oi d eimék of sab , y s ( ( mark) mark) ilahina bfi raya ‘iqal

e se im mft an ir t fit ma i ala m k, y g , g q , y q sak maq ‘ ‘ o c ont in s s un a ish alma si h ld ( a ) wa a , ya a g J y q ; gh s t n d ar t o be da h a , maq ( c ont aine d) o osi ama u ami m ah s t n t fit mac h ld (a p h , y h g da h a , i t ion) d ar o out ad fi m mud awamat d a anma h ld dam, y y q r n kun ka da , ‘ o oi s i r -e kasht i n r h ld ( h p) amba amban , a ba (m) khan-e kasht i GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 379

Armenian .

i ro arah e d h gh ad , arqoum jampa highwat er magunt atsou t iun (part zr c h oni n) out t e rumt a pl lla ,

khfidan c hia qaraj

ni ace -h suf x za ga ( ) , awa , ( fi ) or a an (d t . ) i se no nin n be kh wa h m lf y q , inq nin ‘ ‘ in e r kha ane l man kir mni lé h d p , arkelq linel 1 ire m vart ze l s r ir ir h ( ) , ga ha k a , k e re l

nor i -h su x a d ye , ( fi )

rne léd alékh e st za l ,

it e r a s e lharaléra k h h y d gh , la ha o s v od naab kiib it h bble (n. ) g a k we (t ziou) ol a rrnel e t 11 h d ( ) p ele, a hold (c ont ain) barounagel

hold (a posi krave l mhfimélé t ion) o out t imanal o t h abat m fibéré dimlé h ld , d gal kir , s , dast girt hold (oi ship) bahat e ghi ambar gami (7h )

1 Th e se t wo word s sh ould be we ll pronounc ed in o rd e r t o avoid t h e use of abad word t h e wa t o d o it is t o ski over i and t o st re ss aor é y p . 380 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic .

' iah s r n ug (pl. u akh nugar ) onest i in d o hru h sad q , am g

namfi s ri s s onour n. u r i h ( ) , Sha ha , he e , ikram (re namii s spe c t )

c n l hi gal ( . qullah c hengel c h anagif) ; sh uss (fish h o ok) ri e ml umi u i j a , d m d r ar u umj d s t n umicl ét mék aja , y j da h a , d ar

an 9l u n as at hus (j . h s ) p khayyal suvar at li ‘ ‘ ‘ n nal n at iri a al a al , dem

‘ ' ' os it must e shfa i r- ne st - khané h p al , b ma kha h kha a kh ast akh anah

ost i e mu ad d us n d ush mén h l gfi , d hma d h ud d ban (oi t hings garm or we at h e r) mush awwib (oi p ersons) ‘ ‘ s a ah sa at khane h b 6sh

shl6u sh ad c h e t ur , q a h ow muc h sh q adr ; besh c heh qadar né qaéar ; qa c h (oi pric e ) (oi pric e ) h ow many kam c hand qac h t ané hull (oi ship) j ise d t ana t ékné ‘ hungry j 6 an urasne h ach ‘ g ‘ aale h hurry (n . ajalah j aj ele ‘ ‘ i t as st - ac h e h ét m ék urr v. s h y ( ) a j al , y da ajele ‘ t a il shu(Fan sh au j ,

‘ us n z 6 shauh ar o r h ba d j g ja , e kek

GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic ersian T . ur ish P . k . ri oi r ulubé sa fah ( kappa , kap q mat s) par- e hasir pfish man bén yakh buz r r aga eyi e ‘ i] na- d an bi malfi j ah , ja l , mat siz ‘ marid h n na- us st e i , waj a kh h kha a, k f SlZ ‘ i ness r na- us i khast ali ll ma adh, waj kh h , q bimari ‘ imme diat e ly he ssa bis fauri d er aqab ‘ sa ah

' i ossi e mu all ust a ir mumkin 6lmaz mumkin mp bl h , m gha , hi] or must ahil d éyil i rison s ie s r n s ét mék mp haba , yabb hab ka da , hab , ' kun h absaat m aq i u ent s ii bi éd ébsiz kiis mp d h kh , , sharm t akh d ar - da (sufi x ) inc on enient m ii muwafi na- munasib munasibét siz v q , sikind ili

i afzfidan art irma c h o zad , yaz d , afza q , ghalt maq izd ad azd ad afzii d an art ma c h o , y , afza q , ghalmaq Bilad e l- Hind Hind ust Hindust an Hindli ’ t ukhmah i sfi - i- sui , j al hazm hazm infant ry piyad ah sarbaz - i piyade asker piyad eh ‘ infe ct ious s ri u i s ri bulashi e r ~ a , m d a q (p son) sari (dise ase)

‘ infi e l i e kafir l kuf kafir i ur d ( . . (p . g a non- Moslem) far)

‘ in or r r n bildirmék f m akhba , khaba dada , yukhbir d eh GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 383

an Armeni .

u e ir a rana u rana d ag k p , q p q p

es az min ana y , ' sarout s san bafr sahul d ila , , g if e t e r in y h aga , haka i nor nt d ke d nous n n ni bi g a , a aza haza , j a l

‘ hivant nasakh kfi ha m ri , a a

‘ i ness hivand out iun nasakhi esh kurhana r ll , , ma a im e i t e anmic habe s z ii blaz uic k al m d a ly , , (q alba is u n l rin g y y) ; wa a , h e rist a i ossi e an areli n i nawfi r mp bl g ab , , la ba aya , ghair mumkin na-mumkin i rison and ar el is kir d fi beslé mp p g hap , h sakh kir i u e nt lir anzkam bé a a d - nekh a mp d p, h y la p

i ec niv nao b - o b - , m h , g , gav, b (prefix ) moonve me nt anharmar namunas1b 1amunamb

shad t snel Z iada kir mfi ze d lé

zaid or galak or mazin bfi . Hndgast an Hindust an Hudig Hindi anmarsogh ou in nt r h e d e va e e a ad a ai ad a fa y g, h d p y p y vagazor in e ct ious varaic h s mae iana f g t p ,

infid e l ore n n kafir ir ur ah , a ha , gaw , kap a vad bé-d in inform imat snel khabar da mukhbéré 384 G LOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Arabic . g . informat ion khab r

u is i ri q ddam, p h le

- , u is i 6n su x d q ddam, p h fi ) é fil-must a bi] d ar n e un n sofira q aya d h b da , at ida murakkab miirékkéb

i ir i -i bi o khal j sagh khal j ag z , b ghaz , kii chak q 6i l r n- s r khan (p . ka va a ay khan khanat ) innoc e nt eri bi- un abahat siz b g ah q , ‘ masiim insane maj nfi n divana deli

a d ar r i n iin, d a chind é mulahazakar yo qlamaq d an ; naza rat kardan (ia sense of superint end ins e ct or mufe t t ish n ir mufét t ish o p az , y q lamaji ‘ ‘ inst ruction t a lim t arbiyat t a lim

insu t u n uhin ihane h kar h a are t ét mék l ( ) aha , y q d an n , ku insu1t n ih anah ih aneh h a are t ( . ) q

nt e i ence Dairat e l i r - e Da irat 6 1 I ll g y da a y akh y 1 De part me nt mukh abarat bar mukh abarat

‘ ‘ ‘ int e li e nt . i hfishd ar i a lli l g aq l , aq l q int e n a ad ni at r ni ét su x d qasad , y qs yy ka dan, yy ( fi ) or n kun V ar awa , yauwi r m . a me t u é t mék int er re t . t e r ut e r t r u h é é p iam , y j j im r n kun ' j ka da , int erfirét eru t arjuman mut arjim t érj uman GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 385

Arme n n ia .

d e h e out iun g g , ‘ d zanot out iun arrch e v qamaya arrch ev qam abakayin b -zauna d -at hé

e n h obér mii raken bid fit a m la , y moud kh orsh q ,

nt o ba g, ic h evan innocent anm e h bé unabé kéna d - g g , , la qusiir gnaba ‘ ins ne e ut e d in h é- sh id ana a kh , kh la , aql kar

nersu nersn niv nao e i , , g waye nne l znne l mulaadh aor msakh si q , h mush ahad a kirin

ins ect or d e souoh er n ir mufat m sakh sana p , v a az , gat so u t ish ‘ inst ruc tion t e lat rout iun ifad a t i mal anfit h a , , a l m , p h ramand vou t anbih t iun i ‘ nsu t v. anarke l i r 6t m fi éré l ( ) , khaba g s nakh ad el ‘ ins a i dizhmin i r ult n . nakh d n a 6 ( ) g , sa e kh abarr Int e llige nce Dzanot out iun khabar khana ma nsab d -d fi ' De part me nt ne ri Bash d o rasha naran ‘ ‘ int e i ent oushim i t e zhfam i haunana ll g , aq l , aq l , kh elat si ‘ int en mdat rvil khwast b élé d , , ma gam enal ram kir int erpret t arkmanel t erzumani kir mpiisbiqlé int erpret er t arkman t arjuman t arjaman M ES . 1 B b 386 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En l er a . T r ish Arabic . si n u ish g . P k . ' ' int e r ie muwaaha mulaat 6rush mé v w (n . ) j h q g int o ii ila d ar i ic hiné , dakh l int ri ue n d asisah sis féssad g ( . ) da a inundat ion feyai han sailab eu basmasi (o ve rfl ow) in sion u ‘ hu fim t t a t é avuz va d khul j , akh j u t az ‘ ‘ in e nt ikht ara ikhtira i ad ét mék v , yakh j ‘ t ri a hamudah, numa inve st igat ion t eft ish t ah qiq t eft ish

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ in it e ad fi or t r n t ét mék v da a , y da wa ka da , da ve ‘ azzam kun or mih man r n ka da , kun hadid ahan d émi r min hadid abanin d émlrd én s as i ab n eh sfilama aqa , y q dada , d q ir ire jaz ah (pl. jaz h ada ’ jaza ir) ‘ is t here ? zi i Z hast bulah ar-mu ? var-mi i nom a t . h fi h iiwah i aan 0 0 1 ( ) , , y , it ace -uh - h a -a onu ( ) , )

-uh - h a a ~i-an su az onun , ( ) ( fi ) (suffix ) wawi (pLWawi shugh al yah ) sit r nimt ana s t ri mintan ah e , (Turkish)

ur r c t t i m abba e hel , a l ' Kanfin- as-sani Kyamin-l-sém

iskale h iskele Y ahudi Yahiidi GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 387

Kur i S riac . Armenian . d sh . English . y e sa t sout iun mulaat t at a int ervie w (n . ) d g q p q i i ner s niv b 1 re x int o , k , la (p fi )

m e e na ou fasad i i ( 615, e n . int rigu ( ) q y , ka d 1 av t iun, t i v o h o h e l t fifan sailé s él inundat on g g , , h e gh e ge l avé arshavan h u ii m I barat irt inva sio n q j , g , w a azh fit in ‘ h narel d it kh z élé e we d h lé inve nt , ‘ ikht ira

s i ion kh ouzar ou t a i m sakh sa t a inve t gat g hq q , pé y t iun nnou hiland iné , q t iun

hravirel t mkure mlé invit e dawa kir, , gazi kir q rélé

er at iron (n . ) y g . iron (adj ) yergat i a irrigat e vorroke l av da island ggh zi jazirah is t here ? gaart iog haya Y gall6 it h i nom a n aa t . ( ) y awa , y it (ace ) ad

-wi su x - - su x ( fi ) eh , ah ( fi )

sh nakal c w i t 6rit ha y haqal aw ,

bad moud an s t r élakk u j a a , , g dda ut ikk q , sh apikk m ouraba ur ur jam jam, m abba m abba Jannary H ounvar Kanfi né sani Kanun kharaya

navamad uyt s askalah e ske le h Hria Juh i B ug aya 388 GLOSSARIES DE WORDS

6 r j ha (pl. j awahir) sh u h l' g (pl. ashgh al) najj 61 najj ar d ogh ramaj l se e r s r séfér ol ulu f afa , y j q masrfir farah nak mésrur

u e a ak m v. ri r n muh é é j dg ( ) hakam , y h dava ka da kam ét mék ’ ci i n r is ma i i ( v l , . ) a h qaz hak m kamah re i ious n a i . i u t u t i ( l g , ) q glh m j ah d m f

ibri t e u e d ést i q af ab h , k z h Tammiiz Tammiiz Témmfi z

afaz a fiz st n e h at lama q , y q ja a , j q or n anu att , y tt Haziran Haziran Haziran n is e ormanli ghabah ja gal , b h h q

‘ ‘ in af iu d o h rulu adl , s adl , saf g q , (e quit y) h uqfiq Ji nfas kat t an- e hindi jinfas (or qunnab -e hindi) ‘ ka ab el omurgha mai kab ‘ khalla and ni s t n salama _ , gah da h a , q q ' ‘ yukh alli and d ar o aia r b Q , yahfa_d h_ et t e ke t li i r ab- r - kun n i ri k l , j d ga m , qaza , b g kit ri mift ah kilid anakht ar re fe s irfus h n t é mék t ékmé , y la ad zada , p , zan at maq j e di buzgh aleh oghlaq t a t ul us t n us old iirmék qa al , y q k h a , k h , e e s k d h b h , ké mé yid hbah

3 90 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A a r ian r bic . e s T r h P . u kis . kfirah kfira-ye aj ur ojaq i i r n e i insani ét li lat f m h aba y , y ‘ ’ i s l n s na n n . u év t ur u j (p aj a ) , l , j ins e i l s ra m l k (p . hah q l muliik) kin om me mlekah l mamlakat mémlékét gd (p . mamalik) iss bi s abfi s c v. r n o mék k ( ) , y ma h ka da p

’ kit so iers ah ra l s ( ld ) g i h (p . ) a bab

it c e n ash az - ne t ash k h matbakh p kha h ma bakh , kh ané knapsa ck t orbah a sbab -d an (or c hant a c hant a) ru l zanfi kbah (p . rukub) si in l chaii r bicha kk (p . q , ka d q sakakin) ni e en c h akfi c h t r s k f (p , galem a h knife ) qalam t rash knock at d oor d a ad u kfibid an d ar c h alma ( , qq , y qq , q o) zadan

knot ist nc e mil l mil mil d éniz mi i (d a ) (p . amyal) , l ‘ ‘ kno r arif d anist an d an bilmék w a af, y , , ere ld ri d , y Kurdist an Kurdist an Kurdist an Kurdist an ‘ az afi z s u n si o c v. la k ( ) , v kam h da ek k lmaq shau (t o be d e fic ie nt ) lazim o lmaq (t o be ne c e ssary) ladder nard uban merdiven

' kh at fi n sit t nu ne t un , kha m ha m, kha

bu érah h 6r r c e ol h , da ya h h g al ul an rre u a t i (pl. t y ) ba h q z GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 391

Kurdis r . Ar ni n . S iac h me a h . Englis . y i n oni r kfir t annfir kfira k l p , ad ri d ils6z ebbi mra mana kind ( j ) pa , h h e s ins insa kind (n . ) d ag j g

t akavor sul n u m ta , kh m alka kar

in om t akavorout iun ul t d awe lt a k gd da a , mam , mal lakat ham oure l c irin ashi iss v. n k ( ) p , ma h k , q bakne l b6sakirin ’ kit so iers r zinvorit s s t e sht é c i ( ld ) ba g ( ) a bab , hak ‘ a skar kit c en kh ohanot s ash h matbakh , matbakh khanah knapsack makhagh c h e lt ik

d z oun zh nii k6d k ir g , , b ka zrani

t n zmeli re a ag , ke k

knock at d oor zarne l t oure al- mt a t i ( , ( ) daqq bab p p iri v. n ) k , la darga daqq kirin knot (dist ance) mgh on no kid nal idh élé adh é k w __ , y

Kurdist an Kurdist an Kurdist Kurdist an v aasil azil c . b nv b au abfi sni lé la k ( ) g , h j q

er sant oukh st ir i simalt a ladd a , pa zha, pflakan t n ni kha u , kha kha m nim bahr barkh 392 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Ara . bic . er ian g P s . ‘ lame a raj t c pal (man) ; aqsiyor (horse ) fanfis n i , lampah lampa , qa d l ru l mizra mb (p . q armah) ‘ a n n . r a i r t o m n o . l d ( ) a dh, g za qa a ( pp sea) ; mémlé ket (c ount ry) arazi (lands) l n v ne zze] une zzil bi- us i bi r c i a d ( . ) , y kh hk qa aya h q ne e rfin avard an z l , inzal ia trans r c i y ( ( ) , qa aya h q trans bi- n r intrana . ) ka a ama maq ( ) d ar (intrana) ‘ ‘ landing part y tali in al-barr qaraya chiqan t aqim 1and lord (1and ) mallak malik - e amlak miilk sahibi

sahib malik -e khana év sahibi is n lu hah lu hat n dil is n l a , g g , zaba , l a fanfi s l fanfi s fénér (p . fawanis) kabir buzurg buyuk ' hir i akhir wa- a s6n in se rie s ak ; madh , p ( a ) ; (oi t ime ) sin géc h én ’ mut aakhkhir d ir c , ge h mubti u a d h aak khand id an iilmék la gh ( ) _ h , , g yagfi hak khand

laundry magh saI rakht — sh fi (pla ce ) hu khana dum e l-ghasil (line n) afi l nun q n n (p . qa qawanin) ‘ ’ martial law hukm askari qanfin-e ja ngi id areyi urfiyé

‘ ‘ ‘ law suit da wa murafaa da va la 1ace ut a u uzasht an oma y (p , p ) hatt , y h tt g , q q , guzar yat irmaq

394 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En Araic lish b . er an Tur si . i h g . P k s . keslan t e mbil sust t t lazy , , ambal embel e et min raaa surbi urshfin l ad (m al , s s q ad j . ) rasas qurshfin

’ a fid rah -n i ét irmék i i e v. u r l ad ( ) qad , y q ma g , le r n kun diish mék ka da , r l r a ra t re e wa qah (p . ba g y p q ( ) awraq ) varaq (b ook)

r e akh e n. n s sfir l ak ( ) aqb , a h h

‘ e n ad if n i l a ( j dha , ah f ‘ e rn t aallam l a , ‘ yat aallam e se n mud d at e l l a ( . ) ij ar warqat e l-ij ar e t er ild c r fist l a h j ha m, p e e intrans ra arfi l av ( ) h , y h

e ans t it ru asht an e tr . r k uz l av ( ) a ak, y g , guzar ‘ l alaqah (p . zalu ‘ alaq) , duda

(pl. dud) e t ad s i isar c sol l f ( j h mal , y hap le ri é sa baa g jl p , q ayaq , j q e t ion or Sifarah s r t s séfarét khané L ga ( afa a , afa ( ) Re side ncy) rat -khana ‘ l eisure ly ala kéf bi- faraghat yavash yavash

d é an r n 6 un V érmék yy , qa z dada , d j ‘ yud éyyin d eh or ariyeh or a ra n d e h g fi , dada , u ri b y g i . GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 395

En li h . Ar n r s me ian . Kurd h S iac . g is . y lazy dzuyl t e mbal kislan ' le g m et al ri laziri i su1b min ri l , gaba a q , j , sas gJ o ) gabar (metal) h ramanad a

o t i n r u u , arrac h nor t out ium (oi army) e v re rr c s irt in mfikhwélé l ad ( . ) va l , a a h pe h g , ' mort el rianishan da iirkha ere t ou t c hlfi t e r a d v ; gh , pak , p (folio ) barak (t re e ) r wa aq , kak haz ap e r) ba 1eak n. e h vat s un nn nu ( ) j g q q , k a . q dzag ‘ e n ad ni r rr razhi d ai a i l a ( j ha la , q q , za f e rn sorvil d as irt in ile lé ale l a g p , y p e se n vart zoum i kiré u t l a ( . ) kir , , b ja ’ t a j ir l eat her gashi gilda in ran mnal shwe lé t re klé l eave ( t s ) q , le ave (trans ) t h ogh oul

‘ fi i d izrfik zurfiwa z r , alaq ,

left t zakh c hap c happe le sroun vot sa s g q , pé , q haqa , aqla ‘ e t io n or Te sbanadiun S farat kh ana élch i n L ga ( a , kha a Re side ncy) I lc h ikh ana eisure amat sore n bt anai nikh a l ly g , h ankist ore n

okh bd ain md fi enné p dal , da , y sh norh el bqarz da (mone y) iwellé (general) 396 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

h an Turkis . ic ersi . Arab . P

fil dirazi boi uzunlu t , q a all nai kamt ar az q , q s daha , -d an az et t er t l makt iib mékt fib l mak ub (p . , makat ib n e ) , am h risalah ’ l rasail (p . ) kh e ss kah fi marul ‘ i roun musa a d ii z of round ad l (g d) ; tt h , ( g ) ; mut asawi hamwar d ogh ru (eve n) urri i i uri t azad li h yah zad h ye , q ‘ ist al a ir s i at ma g , waga d az ka h y q nam n d an s , ya am , ka h (rest on be d) lie t o t e a ke h e b d urfi h uit n n s6ilémék ( ll ) i , g g a , yala vikdhab lie n n ( . ) h yala lie ut enant mulazim mulazim miilazim ‘ i e umr t zindai t t l f , haya g , haya haya life -belt hi zam e n kamarband -i yii zméye najat naj at makh siis r an keme , j q urt uran kémér s s i bar sht n aldirma hal , ya h l , da a , q q ‘ ‘ r r d ar afa , ya fa ‘ i t in e ish al r ns n a ma l gh (k dl , y a ha y q q kardan

of sun n nfir ranshanai niir ishi ( , . ) y , q light (oi khafif subuk khafif weight ) i t r n d fibah ma h fi a e . c n l gh ( ) , hayah g light ni ng barq shimsh ék

adh wae of c hir f rl r sili o . . éné é n ( g agh , y ship) anwar (of ship) i e a a ibb d fist s t n sevmék l k ( ) habb , y h da h a

398 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En h h li . n Tur is . s Arabic . ersia k g P . like (similar mit hl misl- e be fizér t o ) like t his hiohi ih - t aur lime (mat e rial) j uss ahak i it l m hadd (pl. hadd hud fid ) ‘ ‘ allama i v. r r lan id an n t o l mp ( ) a aj , ya aj g , la g p q

l kh u sat r t t chi z i khatt (p . kha , g u afi l saf row t t) ; s (p . ( ) suffif) (ro w) khalat (rop e) habl (rop e) s i dual h fah ( . lab shifat én) liquo rice siis

qayimah fe hrist d éft ér

(oi ship) mail namfi égilmé d an— e kasht i bi- t arafi ‘ ist ema e s us n dinlémék , y g h dada , ‘ t e mi d e h qalil (adj ) kam az (m s; bir sh ewéya(7a) ni aq (adj ) ‘ ‘ i e e ist ash is Z ind aani ashama l v ( x ) , ya h g y q r n kun ka da , i e e se ke n iskun or m n i s ot urma l v (dw ll) , y a z l da h q , ‘ ‘ aad t an d ar u i o q , yaq a , m q m lmaq ‘ nashit khush tab janli

live r kebid j lgar qara -nger a r m k o v. b r n iiklé é l ad ( ) hammal , ka da , y yuh ammil kun o n iml bar uk hamulé l ad ( . ) h y , o un t ere s it ras ur r n d old urma l ad (a g ) , y p ka da , q kun mahalli mahalli ye rli GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 399

Kurdi h S ri h Ar n an. s a En lis me i . c. g . y

i e simi r hamanman i md ami a l k ( la , waku, wak , y t o nman be s in n ) , wak , m a a i e t is sor be s sor V i av -d - l k h a , a wak , wak akh aha uma n i e t eri ir i c kilsh a l m (ma al) g ab k , ga h s n senfir t k u ahma hadd , hadd , h ma

h al u bu s i mk e i v. a iil klé l mp ( ) g g k lak , h l bu

réz

v l le , iw

i uorice siis mahik l q ,

t r i r daf a , jad s d a si i wal , ah oi s i d zril i i ( h p) ma l gam , t amayulgami

° fihd arin mfi it hlé g , s

it t e oi s e n e e z6ra l l ( agay, h d k, p , quant it y) sagavat hiv c hak qissa

i e e nail n i kir ske nné l v (dw ll) p g ma z l , sakin bfi ri‘ chas an kashshira gayda , P arruyk liver liart j e rk rrt s bar kir load (v. ) pe nel

rr ar n l oad (n . ) p e b te a o un lt sne l irt in r n md iirmenné l ad (a g ) g , da ma da d e h aan ni firbabi g g wata , ma q halli 400 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A i ersian En li h rab c . g s . P oc n ufl ufl l k ( . ) q q fi afiil ufi n oc v. a al u l k ( ) q , y q q zada , zan ' l o c omot ive jarrarah c hark -e buk lo qomot if h ar- e rah -e l ocust malakh log (o i wo o d) chfib

log (oi ship) qaid el- markab ruz—name -yi jurnal kasht i long (adj ) t awil diraz uzun o o v s ash fif or n ar ni ba ma l k ( . ) haf , y aha ( gah q q ‘ u r n bawa , y ka da ) bawi‘

‘ oo t er d ar mut ava ih 6zét mék l k af bal ala , jj g ‘ yadir bal ala bfi d an

‘ oo at bi i ah r n ba ma l k bawa , p g ka da , q q ‘ yubawi bi kun - a i ris oo o ut n . néb oh ni ban r l k ( ) , ha gah Va da n6bét jisi ‘ l oop - h ole n6c ha sfirzxkh mazghal d éliyi

oose ad mafkfik un sust ush ad a rabt siz l ( j ) ( , g b ound) ; rakh ii (not t ight ) t ni r t ah ma oo n . n l ( ) ahb , gha gha a , yagh y g , mah ma gh animét ‘ h é a u um r n i ét mék i yy , y g ka da , gha b ‘ Qh éyyi kun s r l i n r r t kha a ah (p . z ya za a , zaya ’ khasair) faqd t e lefiyat t alafat t éléfiye t

qamlah shipish a ibb d fi st s t n habb , y h da h a , ashiq bfid an

402 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

low m i i st alc ha as , wat pa q low t er e zr e l-moi azr-i- r ni ézri d é wa j j da ya de z j , niz ch ékilmesi

in l farmanbar-d ar s i am (p . , ad q aminin) shah - parast nasib bakht bakht a h rah k s ash a ésh a g g (p ) a bab , y y

ghada nahar oile yéméyi ‘ m ri s us ri a i ér a laq , yah h h , ya q j g (riyat én) m in s in c r c r ma ina ak ah ma h , ha kh ha kh , q rash shash t iip -e oh and mit ralyfiz lfilage khud ur kun t u p , p e musalsal mad maj niin divana deli magazine makhzan c l makhzan-i barut makh o er barfid bariid e ni éb-kh ané (p wd ) z , j i e idh rat e sh zurrat misr bo h da i ma z g y , sham dari bimbashi sarhang bimbashi

s u sakht an saz a ma awwa , y , y p q saww1 man e re ul l ri r r (mal ) j (p . j al) ma d e kek or ri l j al (p . rijajil) man erson i neier (p ) adam , manager mudir nazir

t ir h e wai kh aili ka h , y

' khari eh rit t , kha a naqshe h rc Farwardin rt Ma h , Ma Azar rc m r t s i b r t ma h ( ) ha aka , ma h a eke (me re ly s Also ma hy) . kiich GLOSSARIES O F WORDS 403

l h Eng is . t sad zr r kfirt kh ét a ir khwa , y , k ya c ri t sad znaln h , d eghad vou t iun havadarim in khud an t it am , ab s 6z u is , m khl akht t ul t i p bakh , Da a qbal aarasi ke lomel asbab mane gah g , , tisht -mi sht michnad ash s t c st sh arut h a j ta h , ha t o su s us r t q ll , h h a a m c ine m e e na m in t s imi a h q ak a , ala ma h machine -gun me qe nagan t 6p khudah t opang ma h rat san c harkh shinaya

‘ e ut d in bé ail sh id ana mad kh , q magazine mt h e ranot s makh zané makhzan (powder) varrot aran barfid é d -barud malze e ki pt at sore n ziirat dhura

h azarabe d i s i i s i , b mba h b mba h maj or ‘ unel shm el c i kir e we d hlé , ha man e rt er6 ia6 D as (mal ) ma m v, p ha

man (pe rson) annt z manage r kord zagad ar sarkird i a mt agberana n ir e s r az , p hka n s azma r ma y had , p galak , zaf, aba t iv z ur irr , p qard e z

March Adhar

rc n e ] e rt al kuoh maf z alt a ma h ( . ) qal , y , t s ir hala , a 404 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ar ic En li h ab . rsian s . g . Pe rc mes imsh i kfi ch id an v. ma h ( ) ha , y ,

qisraq sflah e nd az

éféri n n ( . ) bah rlye (adj ) nis n t r e t mi s n nis n ha ( a g ) ; ha , ha ‘ e t e r e on t t am ha h ( . g . alama g e r ou er pap ) ( pap , m r et su r c rs i r a k q baza ha h , paza ' r sm n nésh e nc h i t ir- n nish an ma k a a daz , p t ufasy- and é z marriage zawaj (st at e ) ; arfisi (we d nikiah ‘ urs (we dding) ding) rs h6r Lahwar c i ma h (p ) khalab , wahal bal h q , bat aqliq mast dugal sut un- i- jahaz direk ’ st er s i r is aa éféndj s i ma ah b , a q , ah b mat ri s sir sir ba a , ba at ha ha t c uci e r i rit s i rit i rit ma h (l f ) k b , hakha k b k b tah t t er it oe s ukh alif aibi na- r d s r r o ma , d ma y da a a a y q not mat t re ss d 6sh e k dushak shilt é Ma Ai r Ai r is y ya , Mayu ya May ' me -ni su x r ni n t o ( fi ) ma a bé , ba a ( m e me alie s id hrah misr bo gh dayi ‘ ‘ ‘ me n si ni ana ni ni s t n né d émék a ( g fy) , ya ma da h a , ‘ d ar what doe s me an ‘ ma na as a is or aimfid an q , y q p , r u i qadda , y pa ma qad d ir (o i si e z ) , kal , yakil (of c a pacit y) ' i s r kél mi zis q ya , qad , qy lahm gusht

406 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Turkish . me dal n shan-e sik nishan ia ‘ me dicine dawa dawa ilaj meet ulai mulaat kar r st élmék laqa , y q q a g , d an kun bulushma , q me lon re ggi (wat e r kharbii za qarpfiz me l on) batikh melt e d but t er dihn raughah eridilmish sai-yaghi ‘ marammat t a mir ét mék r n kun ka da , or d urust r n kun ka da , merc n ise t a ri mal-e t i arat ] émval ha d amwal j a j ma , yah t t u' merc han aj (pl. t ujjar) mercy rahmah rahmat mérhamét mess e ris ai ham khabér e1 m ag alah p g , p a

‘ ‘ ‘ t in l n m h me al ma d (p . ma da a de ‘ ma adin) met alle d road darb muhad sh6ee b dad mi d e s nu oi i n s 6rt a m r d l wa t ; ss ( m ya , wa at , e kez t ime) yari ' ' mil l mil m1l irmi t a a (p . amyal) , y qq ‘ ‘ ‘ mi it r s ri nizami askari askéri ni i l a y a ka ; , zam milk halib Shi r siit i afinah ma s d é irmén m ll t h , t a ya y hanah millet d akh n ‘ mi nd (n aql

mal -i- man lagham

‘ jamad at (pl ) mad én ‘ (better ma d an) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 407

Armenian . S riac . English . y sh ansh an nis n e nishan a me dal q ha , m dal q

‘ icin t e ar n r i n me d e gh d ma , alaj da m a e et hant ibel r st t in kh zélé t ai m a ha , , p q lbe r yak bii e on se t smeron ind 6r ar fis shi t i a m l kh , g g , q p p y , (wat er mel on) bashi lé e t e ut t e r iu h e h run meshkha d u m l d b g , y g , bana ‘ norokel ar in or ru at mrfi élé , g p a q q e kir d firanin gad l ,

erc n ise abran ] ware s t a11ut h a m ha d q , vad ma ( ) ; j jarrq t ijarat (t rade ) erc nt vaarraan bazir an t u 61? t r h r m ha j g g , j aja a , aza ana me rcv vo h ormout iun mar rgkhmé g dad , t k t hama , ba h e ss e r ka u r m ag badkam khaba , kh b a kh az ‘ met al me dagh madan ma dan met alle cl ro ad khjoughi

i e mic in e ch niv nauras m ddl h , m , de gh mgh on mila ‘ zinvoragan askari gat h kh elya ah ori firkhé r e g q , a kh l

‘ fikr aql , , ir bir khat , ims imi ns in yam , emin

‘ han a in m filiz d - ni q y mada , ma da ma‘ dani (adj ) 408 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h Araic ian s b . er g . P s . Minist ry (civil) Nad h arah vazarat

' inut e i d a i eh d ai a t a l. a m daq qah (p q q q q , qq d aq éwq) mlrage sarab sarab serab mirror miraga ayina aine mi ssin maf fid um s u e si i g q g h d h , ek k, gha b naqis sh arir sis u n dhabab , d ma

akhli amikht an arish d irma khalat , y t , q q or e e im amiz m z ] , y zaj Mohammedan Muslim musulman muslim moist ure ratfibah rut fibat rut ubét monast ery d er khanqah t ekke

Monday Y6m e l-it h Dii shambe h Bazar-e rt ési nen fiiis sarraf

monit or monit or monit or séfinési monsoon barasat (pL) bad -e mausim me y sim ruski arl

t s r ish mon h hah (pl. mah h ur) oon r ai mahit ab m gama , (moo nlight ) ne w moon i -e nau i s i i h lal mah a ba h , h lal full moon be d r badr bedi oor t ie u r arba bi-ris n bahlama m ( p) abat , y t ma g q

ore akt h er com zi adt ar zi ad é m ( y y , daha , ‘ an e c e ss p ) , ba ad , fazla ( x ) zayid

4 10, GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish A a c g . r bi . morning sabab sabab mort ar bast an kharj (for c hemic als) havan (mili t ary) or t up- e qumbara and azi ‘ ‘ i me s d s i amj m s i j am , p ma j d j , e j d mosquit o baqq (bug) pashs h eh sivri sinek mos uit o -net ku ash s a- n sineklik ibin q llah p h ba d , j lik

ot er umm ar ana i m h mad , val dé mot or- boat markab gaz kasht iyakhud ravan oun t e t ulfil t a ri t ik hu iik l. é é m d ll (p ) app , khak z p j , y (milit ary) o unt in e e kfih m a j b l (pl. jibal) ount in silsilat bal kiihistan silsilési m a p dagh , range sira d aghlar ou 161 ir n s sic faré se l. u n m (p f a ) m h ha , out 1 l ulfi n ah z m h 1a(p . h q) daha g mout h (oi sadr (e sh -shatt) dahane h (irmaq) aghzi river) o e trans rr k u ar t ri r n n ét mék m v ( ) ha a , y h ab k ka da , aql , rik qimildat maq o e in rans t aarrak t r t kar imildanma t . m v ( h , ya a ha aka q q rr d an kun ha ak , c t ir is t mu h (adj . ) ka h h ya ' muc h (ad v ) kat hir khaili mud in il t , wahl g

muwahhil gil-alfid c hamurli wahl balc hiq

bo hl l ba st r t ir t ir g (p . a a , qa qa ghal) ulet e er mu c r r at ir i m baghghal , ha vada q j kari GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 411

' ard h es S riac . K . y

or in arravod u i su ad amt a be m n g s bah , ba b , spare shaghakh hawan gejkhaq

mos ue mas ld em machid em q l , j , , J a misgaft quit o khep6 haa mosquit o -net shabakaé sha aka d -t an pesha zil ot er d a e m m h da , y y m a mot or-b oat harakat li qayiq mashi gami naya oun t e fila t e l m d p , all t mount ain lerr mount ain lerrnashght a range mouse aqiibra out e om m h k mma , p a ' mout h (of sarakani river) o e trans sharzh el t akandin t a m iiriklé m v ( ) , h h rik kir move (intrans ) sharzhil

uc ad s z6f zfir ir m h ( j ) had galak, , kab a uc ad o s h u zh rraba m h ( ) had , y mud t se di h m en e eri in l kh , g g k, h , t a , wah a , qum t aqna muddy t sh e kh od mud -fiat s d gh mayin ked aperan c ori k6dh e nt a h , kawe d h na

‘ u et e er ch oreban ést e rvan t erc i m l , qa h qat e rchi 4 12 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h Ar aic . g s . b munic ipal bele d i

‘ munit ions mu ad d at s l m uhimmat - e muhimmat harb j a ngi (o r lava zim - e qush ii n)

ust i im er - e i - i m laz m bayad ( p m l , mal sonal) (sufi x to verb root) ; lazim (nec e ssary) ‘ ‘ ‘ mut in m n t -h 6rah n is n t u h a y ( ) asya , asya ya , g y

mutt on lahm gha nam gusht -i q oyun et i gfi sfand -i su cc i -i- man —am ni ~ i1n ( fi ) , mal , be m , (af ter noun) (sufi x ) (sufi x ) ne fsi khadam ke nd im n i iron is r l i c i i i a l ( ) b ma (p . m kh h v , m kh basamir ) n i fin e r hafr nakh un a l ( g ) i (pl. adha fir) n e ism l s i nam ism ad am (p . a am , and isma) ‘ ‘ - ~ 9 what shi em 2 ism ash c hist 2 é né d érlér i narro w dh aiyiq

' napkin pe sh qir d ast mal-e pe shkir sufra nat ionalit y p nsiyah milliyat milliye t vat an (nat ive c ount ry) ibn e l- bilad bfimi ye rli ’ ri r i ri r bah da ya , bah bah yanm e sh i bi qabil - e ubur-e seiri se fayiné ' ’ safmah kasht i musa id n i t e ad el- r s t i r n n a ud anli av ga q ma kab , ka h a da , q p q yaqfid el ran ét mék markab

4 14 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish Arabic P ersian Tur sh g . . . ki . n i t ion i i rah ri- i a ud anli av ga m lahah , q ya ba y q p q d at e l-markab jahaz ' ‘ u iil ri ahazat d onanma st , bah yah j ri or ri nazd nazd ik in j a b qa b , yaq ne ce ss r it i i ast im érék a y ( laz m laz m laz , g is) nec k ruqbah gardan boyun i m m nee v. i t a la u t a sh u uht ao m d ( ) h j , h j j l aq, a t aila d an s u ist émék y h j , ha nee e i r l ih t sfi zan i né dl b ah (p . a ) y nei our ar l ir n h amsaa onshu ghb j (p . j a ) y q neighbourhood mahallah nazd iki (ar q onshuluq (quart e r of ham sayagi) t own) ; qurb i r a- nah ah ne né ne t her no 15, w la n

sh ebe kah dam

(against m os kullah sine klik quit oe s) ne ver abadan (with abadan (f ol hic h (! nega ne ative le zoed b na live g ) y , ) ‘ not jadid nau khabr (sing) akhbar ne s er ri l rfiznameh hazét a w pap ja dah (p . g jarayid ) t hani (of t ime ) digar yand aki (be agrab side ) soh ra (aft er)

i us e i ii zél lat f , kh h y , g , t at li géjé GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 4 15

Ar nian me .

1 navigation navargoutiun

d ormigh mod er , m dz avor ne cess r it anh razh e sht e i r i ki -mwé a y ( laz m, ga ak laz m, is) jib ec viz us t fi i mil fi ala n k , ha k, q al b au ah s i lé nee v. be d ounen n d ( ) q , h j q ge rodil ne e e ase h siizh en d erzi kh maa dl g , t , mkh ata nei our t rat si ir n h an shwawa ghb j a , samal nei our o o sh re h aa i ur iirbabi ghb h d g yg, lad', q b , q t rat smut lun ne ziki neit her nor voch ye v na na la w-la voc h ' rr an s s ou . g habak , dam habakah t sant s

oc e r e hioh n n ic v h y p q , , abada abada , h h pne v

nor nfi nis t , hk kha ha o ur d e h e o u r r t a l , g g khaba khub a kha h t iun ne s t h rt h r t er e l akir . w pap , gaze a

arrac h i a e n g kh a . (pro ximo ) ; git s (adja c e nt ) ; he do (t here aft er) yergrort (se c ondly) azniv n oush s r n , q q ba h , hak a da

kisb er 416 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic r ian . Pe s . nippe rs minqash ambur

na- ir ir o kha kha , y q sh ulfi se s sh t a q , ama nomad

110 0 11 6ilén hic h bir kimsé i di s i y l z , hem l shemali bfirfin yem t orba -si

with na d é il me in ma ( y , ( verbs mfi verbs ) , ) mfi sh

(with adj . ) not at har iz ol ic assla both all la la g (f h h , ( lowed by ne f ollowed by ne gatioe) gative) ‘ ' not e et t e r t e ske rah ru m ekt ub (l ) , mak q a t fib (pro missory) kampiyalah t am assuk- e qambial n i or hu aqd , j jat not e - b o o k de ft e r d aft arch a d e ft er not in 16 sh e ic ic with ic bir s e i h g , h h h h ( h h h negative) not in for bi- lfish muft or i- h g , maj bad hava (grat is) j ana n ot t lis- si ol t a-bi- al d é i] n ye ma (f h daha y , lowed b verb be n6 d é il y ) , z y mfi ba ‘ ad Nove mber Tish rin e t h Tish rin-i -sani Tésh rin i-sani t hani ‘ ' I10 W e ss i aknim n sh 1md i h a ; ga d , ala (bef ore verb) nowh e re 1115 (with verb) hic h ja hic h bir yérd e fi ai makan

4 18 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

‘ ‘ ‘ nu b r m e . ad e d mi d ar m ( ) adad adad , q nut 6zah l 6z u j (p . j ) j a z findiq

wahah sabza-zar d ar c h 6lin arasind a biyaban c hairliq pat ii kiirék d ausar yulaf

‘ o b edie nt it aat li

‘ ‘ o st c e i m i b a l man (pl. an mani mawani) ‘ ’ o st in t e ni sar- s b a a d ka h , khud -sar zabt - e mulk

uqyanfi s bahr-i-muhit ‘ ‘ sé at - e se at

Tish rin-i Tésh rin-i évvél auwal daft ar- kh6na (pla c e ) o ffic e r (mili d h abit t ary) ’ ‘ o fli c e r (0 1v1l) mamfir sahib mansib me mur or ahl -e qalam

t ir rr t r u r c h o kerré ka h ma a ba ha, m ka q , ‘ raran c h oq defa oil zet i n ro n , d h gha yagh oil et ro eu az nafadh n t or ra (p l m) g , af , ghaz ghan-e sa ng o e 2 lh u ah va i a o a k ( % . ) h gg q y q ‘ old ncie nt t i i o ne s i i (a ) a q, qad m k h h e k , qad m o ld orn ban o ne far s i (w ) k h h , e k siid e h ' old man shaib i ti r y , kh ya GLOSSARI ES OF WORDS 4 19

h ac Kurdis . S ri . Armenian . y ‘ hi azh mar min ana nu er n . t v mb ( ) adad , y nut ahin e n u z fi nii uz 6za g g , g y q , g , g gwiz o vasis r 6518 6 r ma j , ma ga

‘ ‘ ‘ o e ie nt h nazant ai at i rmu i mshu b d t , t , bd ha

‘ ' o st c e o c arke l ni maklét am ni b a l kh h , q ma , a l

‘ ‘ o st in t e rt kalahishk ni asi b a hama , a d , ‘ anid d ira e t out iun zab t t d wa t abi p t , ah q ze bt yit q osh o n o v iano s o ian6s r fi anfi s g q , bah qy ‘ ‘ zham s é at s a at H ogt e mpe r Te sh rini auwal Chéri qamaya

bash d o n ost i i an i b (p ) ; waz fa , kh d m s krase nyag mat (pre mise s) o ffic er i i sba zinvora i (m l , zab t t ary) gan offic e r (c ivil) bash d o nya m ust akh d amé m amiir u t h kuma , sahibé wazifa urr aran ir ah at ha p j , kab e g , galak j ars rabagah i oil t zet iu h rfiné zait it , g za ha

’ oil et ro e u araiu h nift az n iit a iit (p l m) q g , g y , z oke (2 2 16 ) okha waqiya waqiya ‘ ' ‘ old ncie nt hin k6h n t i t i (a ) , a q a qa old orn mash ad z ir ar et i 1 a (w ) p a , p p ] q old man er i t i r ir s dz kh a , p awa 420 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

' En i h 4 r l s ab1e . g .

‘ " old wo man ajii z pire h zan q oja qari V olde r akbar d ah aeski

e h e ski khagine h qaighana

’ i ust und é bala , uzérind é er rr ak (16 mar bir kérré iki f d ma ah , y , , marrat én t e seh kérré iic , ab h , , h t halat h mart ab e h kerre marr at ‘ at o nc e bis-sé ah c habuq halan o io e b l so h a n n b sla (p . g n basal) only (adj ) wahid (o ne ) vahid or ya yah m z n ga a , ' a s at end an a ah mz faq t ba ( ) j q , y maft ii kushad c i h , , maf a h q mafkii k t ii h , waz sh ude h fe kk afukk k sh adan ach ma O e n v. u p ( ) , y , q e t e i t kushad f h , y f ah o pe rat ion barakah amaliyat - e bareket (milit ary) j angi o ppo sit e qubal muqabil qarshi

O re ssi e t h a il s i s t ir pp v q had d , akh agh (he at ) or au or y6 w ora nge port ugalah port uqal ra port aqal ranj

r am r farmfi d an émr ét mék or er v. u d ( ) ama , y , , farma buyfirmaq ' m awa r n amr émr firman a 1 l. or er n . d ( ) (p fa ma , , mir)

42 2 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En l A i h . rabic s . ersian . g P Turkish . ‘ or e r s st e ni 1h am t e rt ib aid a usfil ni d ( y m , g__ , q , zam n . )

o bir i r , d ge

-i- ma (sufi x ) bizim mal -i- ma bizimki birfin az ~d an - d an di , ah , d arfi n Shari ‘ out p ost tali ah qarawul ileri q ol

rr n birfin dishard a ba a , kha ] oven t anniir t annfir furun ’ o er o r ila l- r ila d ar ab uft ad e h ém zé us v b a d bah , d d h ’ l-moi miish o verflow a fad h afidh labriz s u n t ash ma ( ) , y h da q or azkanar o in t o be mi n se beb az r i -ic in d olai w g , ba ay h , f y , c ause of sébébilé o wl biimah bum t aavuz bai ush , j q kardan t h 6r nar gau o pac k -saddl e khurj ol-j e me l khurj in-i d évé kh amfit l (c ame l) shut ur - - - - i s r pac k saddl e khurj e l b oghl khurj in i qat r . e m e (mule ) e n rr arfi kiirék paddl ( . ) gha afah p . paddl e - Whee l parwanah c harkh - e ka sh - pervane t iye bukhar

oc ufl ufl padl k q q , i i sal ' pa l bald , t dalv

int n b6 a r n o pa ( . ) y , sabagh a g b ya 3 ' P e st ine Filist in Esh Filist in Filist in al , Sham t r e n l n k ur palm ( e ) akhlah (p . a hl kh ma agha nakhl) c h i GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 423

or er s st e r t rout iun t art ib usliib ri t art ib d ( y m, ga k , , , za , n arkat rout iun . ) g , sist e m ayl khéna

mer ~ ma (sufi ) - ah (sufi x ) ern m en nn fi an m , yama , malema y arda o t ours zh re x min q , (p fi )

‘ out p ost arrach abah peshe askaré qamayfit ha ‘ (zorq) d - askar t oursn de ri bari ye ourr ffiri t annfir t aniira p , n e n t ours labar é b - o av , h g yama d zov angial overflow a h ort il irr - av b6in s i ( ) p , hap kh t afih biiin o in t o be bad arrav lbar b6 min sabab w g , j , c ause of owl bfim bai fish , q

ye z t aura o - s e n e pa k addl pala , ham d (c amel) c -s e n e urt n n rashwana kur pa k addl pala , ham d k a , pala , (mul e ) t ana e n ia mi d af ru . t paddl ( ) g q , pa paddl e - whe e l t iagi- aniv t afi t aé d ii ~ c h ar é labe , kh ’ gami padlo c k goghbanq qifl q upla ' i t ou l or t oui sat l6k n d 6lc h a pa l y ( l) , laga , c hild 6sh ‘ is n r a h , zha , ma a dard int n r n na ish r n pa ( . ) a g, q a g Pal e stine Bagh esdin Filist in Fillistin

pa1u1 (t re e ) . armave ni d arékh urma khurma 424 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

nnier 2 se a l l u or k fé pa ll h (p , a da zam ii

’ e slal) bil (ve ry large

“ and mad e oi wo o d) paper kaghaz

er 1 pap ) paraso l sh e m sivah c hat t sh e msiyé

mudh akarah mukyalémé

l ~ ‘ - r ro e m k sharf - - e so z ro pa l ( ) alam va da y baz , pa la

‘ rt inne r i zi afat zi afét pa y (d ) az mah y , y ss d efile i t n r ne o c i pa ( ) madh q a g, ga da h b ghaz , ge h d

fi - h passage (an T1 mur r guzar ga géohmé act ) ‘ passage (way) maj az ma bar géc h éj ék yer; ge c hid

‘ ' ss e -m one n6l u rat - e ubiir navlun ol pa ag y j , y or u rat - e r si j 1 pa a safar-e darya ’ a rt ass or a s r , sa o a t as o t fi 1 p P p p , p p , t eskerah t éskéré

’ password ism e lllélah ism -i- shab g parola

‘ st ur e r alafz ar ot la c 1r pa ag ma a q , ha , yaila i rah -i- c a z s k s ( l. kfi h k i mé lé kkah p , , si et r k ) , da b ’ durfib (pl. ) ’ ‘ pat rol d awwariyah pasbzi n

s asbani kar -d olash ma t ro v. r r pa l ( ) dawwa , ha a p q a d n, kun ‘ ‘ maash s u reh maash aili , hah j , mawa ; q “ riyah jib (mont hly) ; gund e lik (daily)

426 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h rabic an r . u h . g s A ; Persi . T kis ‘ ‘ a v idfa r n arasini vér p y ( dafa , y ada ka da , p ‘ kun maash mek, V érmék e ce ul s ulb sulh p a s b, alam s

pe ar arm6t gulabi ‘ p e a sant fe llah de h at i or zira at - kar qalam

midad qurshun qalém

pennant béraq filand éré

e r u e os o u p f m h h q q , rayiha e r s imkin i i sh aad e i p hap y , b lk y b lk erisco e e ris o ris o p p p k p pe k p, ' durbi n permi ssion . rukhsah izin

‘ ‘ Pe rsia Bilad el- Ajam Iran Ajemist an ‘ ‘ Persi n A i Ir ni Ir ni A e mi a jam , a a ' j e o e nas mard um b i p pl khalq , e al ' P9 PP? 1 filfil filfil bibér , ‘ ‘ e t lt lo n m ist id ri arzuhal ist id a‘ p ( ) a a za ,

qarq avul suilun qusha x phot ogr aph f fot ograf (m) p1ck-ax e qazma ic et n p k ( . )

ict ure sfirah re sm r - e na résim t asvir p , pa da y q , ' qashi iec e n walah l t i p ( . ) s (p . kka wasl) e ske lah iskaleh iskele GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 42 7

En s Arm n an li h . i g e .

a af a m z l iwell vo V e l ur é é é p y ( ) j h q da , haq

e c e khahah ou 0 1 1 ul shlama p a g g f $ 1 s b, t iun

e r e ut rc in rmii kamit ra p a d z ka h , a e s nt kiu hat si rain bar fal bnémat afe llah p a a g j , , 6t r lah , 1 ya

qalam, khama qalama

i ri e nsila mad d qalam sas , p , qalam k_h o nwi ss d -risis pennant d rosha (arr a t ro sh a navi vra) ‘ er u e o r anoush a be n i t rikh a p f m p y , h , t h o d

‘ t e r e vs out s bal l ni e i y , k e g , bala b lk perisc oP t id ag e r ission h raman t oui ruk sat d as riikh sat p m , l _h , e i t fir iz d vout un , n ‘ ‘ Bars ast an A r n A g jam , I a jam ‘ ' ‘ Barsig Ajami Ajamaya zh o h ovourt mir6van s g khalq , a he bghbe gh filfil filfil ‘ a h e rsakir arzah al bafit h a g , , agh ac hanq arzahal e s nt si n t r n t ai ph a a pa a u a g , h fi c h phot ograph lousangar

(n . ) ‘ l ck- ax e brric h u n n r p k la g, mawal ma wal a a ic t n arrachako nd e . u p k ( ) ,

ic t ure e r sh ikla firt a p badg , s

ie c e n d or mas rc ar s p ( . ) g , pa ha , p ama

askalah askalah 42 8 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS‘

“ c e T r ish rabi rsia k . A . P n. u k n ir kh fik in ir d omii z ha z (pl. , kh z khanazir) pilgrim hajj i ; zayir zavv ar ; (t o Kerbe la) zayir (pl; ziwar) pilgrimage ha” ziyyarah ziyarat (t o Kerb e la)

‘ makhadd ah mukhad d e asdi h, y q balish

‘ pil ot (n ) rabban rah numa qulawuz (~yi-jahaz) pil ot age qiyad ah ujrat - i- kasht i qulawuz q et i bani d e mbiis sanj aq t oplu (iyne )

kelabat én ambur i e e l p p (t ub ) ambubah (p . a nabib )

’ s i u r i c hibu nar ilé ab l a gh q , g le h (hubbl e ~ bubble )

‘ warwar (re pisht av t abanja vo lver) ' qir or ziit ziit

m e skh e nah ibri t e st i kuza , q (Ar ab)

l. r c e n. n n a é pla ( ) maka (p maka , j y amakin) i barri e h c o s t r n n. ova pla ( ) y , h l , da h , sah a s ahl lan sche me fikr t ad blr t ad bir r n d ush nmék p ( , , ka da u v . ) t n t naba (pl. aba nabat at ) a n l bfish ab r t s h (p . q , za f abaq subiin) ‘ ‘ ab i r inama v. il d n o play ( ) la ab , y baz ka a , q kun

430 GLOSSARI ES OF WORDS

A a r bic .

e s nt if ush i pl a a lat kh , lat f ple ase t afad h dhal (ih c o urt e sy) min fad h le k (asking ia vour) ' e se t o be imbasa am m srur sh u s év mmék pl a d , t , y a , si sat d an s u mémnfi n ol ba t ; , ha maq s1r mlmnun e sure kéf wunsah us i pl a , kh h

n sh ukh m s pl ough ( . ) faddan aban ou ab is siir mé v. r ikr n k pl gh ( ) ka ab , y kh h zada u - ine sh ah fil sh a fil sh ah fil s u pl mb l , q haq l

ch aid an ah ma m un er v. ne h e e n ét ék pl d ( ) b , y p , y g h e b c hab or t araj r n kun ka da , éb l uy fi i j (p . j b) ja b se mm zahr ' murdi (oi b o at ) mardi ‘ ‘ e id fa r i n d fa , y ma d zada

o is ab s i e r i n . h p l h ( ) s g a qal p dah , J la

’ mu ad d ab t érbiyéli

’ ’ ‘ m amiir siyasi mamfir az me mur siyasi j anib - e daulat ] lSl‘ naqqal jisr t o mbe z d fibah kidish ; b ogh l yabfi yiik be igiri e l—haml ir audh u b kah , h ha z

akhir e l- mar arsha kab GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 431

’ En k gh s .

3 e s nt hae li khwash r n os pl a a j , a da , h h ’ ple ase k aghach e m in basm alfik

e se t o be koh linel kh wash bii ikhlé pl a d , , ps ' kaifawi h at

e sure h ad u s i i aziiit h a pl a j yq k_hwa h , ka f , r rahat aror j6t pd hana a ose l ere 6t irin re d ana g , h l j k t a p o u h ha- kid z d irist r st i d -rais g g , , a k pa s sh id ag ' h obd el t kll‘ nhiblé un e r v. o n pl d ( ) g g ala , nahb kit

krban j aib j iba t oyn (or t oniul zhahr s ama t zo h siun m ard i mid ra~ l g , , ja a t zo h e l t iava i is n g , gam k ha re l ma o e d in i d ar , g yg , gam t zogh ov q sh e l inaud in o is i i e r ik ar a ma ri t a n . r fin d b p l h ( ) ab g p , p q , q dakh b6yakh (Turkish) (o i sh o e s ‘ ' are irt i i m ari at i p g , ad b , aq l , p , ad b qaghaqavar shiriné akhlaq ’ a ha a an zabi ré u 1 r élc h i q g q g m lk mamu , bash d onia

ont oun nava rt isr u ri ish ra e sr p , p , j , k p g , J gamourch r st bar il bar il id ish k a g g , g

b6rr ir ir , b kah , b ke haue kh e lk nayon pish t é gami 432 GLOSSARIES O Fi WORDS

' L fa ir e s in d arvish miskin u r _ q , m k , f qa a lahm khanzir gfisht ~i~kh fik i do muz eti

‘ p o pulat ion adad e u— nuffis adad - i-sukkan ebali mamlakat n er mi n n r i n ba d , a ba da l ma m ni (pl. awa ) port (of ship) yisar géminin iskele t arafi hard a-port t ammam lil alabandaiskel e yisar port er (do or) bawwab darban

l 1 a h ma p ort er hammal (y . hamm l am l ' (c arrier) hamamil) p ort hole shubbak lumbar d éliyi

p ort mant e au jant ah j ama - d an c ha nt a p o ssibly yimkin mumkin belki

post o ffic e postakhaneh p6st - khaneh post a -khé né pot (for c o o k j idr d ig or pat fla t énj ing)

' ot for te r i lar e i 1 i t e st 1 c h u1nlek p ( wa ) h bb ( g j b g , " ot te r fakh arah uru - e ch 1n1 c h ana la1 p y z f q , or kuzamii za c h iim ekle 1 ’ ‘ ’ pot at oe s 1 patétahé sib- i- zamin pat at es

' o o ut a- u rikht an 11z d okmék ur , y , p sa‘ bb s bb

' powd e1 (gun barfid bariid barfit me d e i1n sit d an si médh ét mék r ise v. ii t p a ( ) h, y , a d ah ‘ r wors i u i n kafd an d u aét m ék p ay ( h p , salla , y sall amaz

o . ) ‘ e l n d u a pray r sala (p . sala amaz Wat ) fad h d h al t r i n t ér ih ét mék , a j h dada , j yufadh dh il d e h

434 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

fe are mns adh dh ar u amfid an ama azirlama . or h p p u ) h , y , q ah d ir ir r n h i h haz ka da , kun ‘ re re ia ist aad d p pa ( , ‘ trans ast aid d . ) y re re a ir h azirlanmish p pa d h dh , hazir re se nt e re maw iid burad am év ud p (h ) j , j re se nt i t i i p (g f ) had yah , hed ye bakhshis h u u i ii zél i r h l , jam l g , d lbe

risoner of sir l us r p a (p . a a) war privat e (soldier) ri t e room khu ii i sha~ khu fi i khusfisi p va ( , s s , s s ‘ &c k . ) hsi proce e ding muhakamah muh akama muh akamé

‘ proc lamat ion i lan manshiir ‘ (writ t e n) 1Ian ‘ n i 1611 ama , product ive mukhsib hasil - khiz mah suld ar

‘ ’ r af i r i ofit ma fil, n k p hs a , fa de ‘ ‘ prohibit e d me m nfi mamnfi yassaq

u kh um are h mérmi g llah (pl. p gule l) ‘ ‘ vad so z wa d va da , ‘ ‘ ‘ waad uwaid wad e h so z vérmék , y da , ‘ e vad ét mék d an, d h propeller parwaneh c harkh vapo un per 1 . mesu 1s 1u va , q ro ert ] u vari e t p p y ma , m lk mal mal , y (est at e ) 4 5 GLOSSARIES OF - WORDS 3

K rd h ia u is . Syr c .

re rans bad rasd el aikina ir e we d h lé prepa (t ) p , haz pek, kir miihgh éré prepare (in bad rasd ve l r ns t a . ) pre pare d bad rast mt 6rsa

' pre se nt (here ) nerga hazu lakha ' re se nt i t e n e r e i ri a e shke sh p (g f ) dz , ba k y d ya , b kh p shish siroun c l und aa hak, dala j y , shapira ‘ kin arzh e im t i , q baha, q a haqq , t me nt s irt i s pa ba , g hap kgana prisoner of ke ri girt i d wiqab-plasha war privat e zinvor (soldier) ri t e roo arrant zin kh u fi i khu fi i p va ( m , s s s s pro ce e ding t ad vare l e n (l gal , . )

roc t io n h rre ha h a raam p lama g, y q d araro ut iun

ro uc t i e arkasavor wash ad t afi na p d v kh r , y musmir ma fil azan z 6d un a hs , q j y ‘ mam nfi miikliyé haram proj e ct ile raz magndak gulla gunbilt a

ro mi se n k h os o um anl la . d r 6 p ( ) q , bawa q ‘ romi s m i p e (v. ) kh osd anal wfi dlé qanl da ro e er vanic h n i p p ll , av bd oud ag ' 1°o ert alvad z se u ni ma] p p y g q , pa kh da , kha anout iun n i u k g wa d , m l E e 2 ~436 G LOSSARIES OF . WORDS

Ara bic . English . proprie t or sahib

prot e ct ion (oi himayah h imayat himayé we ak St at e s)

pro vince wilayah vilayat vilayet ro ision wa t i t e m o muva at s imd ilik ic in p v al q ( p q q i = h h

i i rfit (c ond " t ional 1 ) u ic n e u- nas el e m p bl ( , khalq mah ' pulse (wrist ) nabd h nab z nabz n rambah ulumbe h t pump ( . ) t t ulumba unis u asis sazfi n mu azat ét mék p h qasas , y q dada , j d e h ormujazat n d eh dada , ‘ ‘ punit ive t aqibi t ambih i m uj azat ic hin pupil (sc holar) t elmid h shagird shagird ure i of wat er is t i safi p saf ( ) khal pak , em z , saf

urse kis 6zd an is p , j k a

‘ ‘ ‘ ursue t e it t aa ub kar o halama p ba y ba qq q g q , ‘ ‘ or t aa ab d an kun t a ib ét mék qq , , q ‘ yat aaqqab a u uz ash t an oma hatt , y h tt g , q q ‘ or u r wai ha , g za ‘ yo dha ' ut out i t afla u afii s kar v sund ur m ék p (l gh ) t , y t khamu h d an liiafat er-rijl bast an-i-pé d olaq

u it m s in kh asi at kh assi e t lns q al y j (k d) ; y y , j sifah (at t ri b ut e ) quant it y miqd ar miqd ar miq d ar

' quarant ine qarant q arantin I qarant ina ‘ u rre n nlza h h a. q a l ( . ) k h g a

438 GLOSSARIES DE WORDS

En i A ic rab . gl sh . quarry (m) mahjar

‘ uart e r art ru c e ir q (p , ba h ek

n . ) oi t o n e ( w , mahallah mahalla mahal u rt er v ne zzel une zzil n i n oturt ma q a ( . ) , y ma z l dada , q d eh ’ quart er- mast er mamiir arz aq mubashir-e alai e mini manazil - e qush fi n

e skelah iskale h

‘ ue st io n n suw l su su q ( . ) al (p . al walat ) ‘ uic s ri u c u t ez q k a z d hab k , ‘ uic bil- e zfid bi-zfid i c u q kly aj l , hab k

uiet s kit r r6 t fislii q a , a am ha ,

ke e p quiet iskut aram bash . sus (impen )

l quilt 131151 1111111 yorgh an ui nine kinakinah in - in ina ina sol q k a k a q q , fat o r it rn l kh ar fi sh t avsh ani abb a ab (p . q ada aranib) r c e orse n s r us as - ni a (h , . ) ha t , m aba p dava qah race -c ourse méd an maidan- e asp me idan davani t urab or t urb t urp sal kalak kelek , yurish aqim ‘ ’ amud - ha-yi rai rah - i- ahan r i rah -i- n démir ol a lway aha y , m sha and efér, t rén iskélé mahattah mahattah , ist asion GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 439

En n an rdish lish . Arme i . Ku g . ‘ ‘ arah a d a d - i u rr n . n n n i q a y ( ) q q ma , ma da k p maqta‘ uart e r art c h orrort mas c ri q (p , ( ) ha k , ’ n c h wzi rik . ) o i t o n t t ( w , agh mahalla mahal ‘ rt r d e havorel n il mu méré m s u e v. q a ( ) g , ma z da , u pnaget snel kenne ‘ quart e r- ma st e r zo rabe d nazire ma ’ s r u ir a ka , m d ‘ umure as kariya qarap askalah askalah

’ ' ' ue st io n 71 hart soum irs ar su mbaart a q ( ) p y , al q

r shdab zii se e ur alfilazs a ak , , v k, g j q shd abav alfila , q sh oud ov

uie t handard i s it nikha bi q had , ak , dya e e uie t lrré h ant ard be sakkina s i sht ii k p q , , hl , q i er e t sir r na-ka ( mp . ) g ha ak (m o ve me nt ) la éf ur h an la éfa h , g h uinine kanakina in in q , k ak a kimina d akar n s ke rwishk ke rwish j , aba , d ag kargu ra c e t ziarsh av asl (line age ) rikht a baz rae e - c ourse asbare z m usabaqa maida n

o h t ur fi l 61 p g g p , j , p lasd kalak asbad a out iun r h azfi g kha a , g t s n nt a g, va a gahad railway ye rgat o ugh i 11apap6re firkhad -prizla

gayaran 40 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

a T r i h n u s . Persi . k baran yaghmur kish mish quru uzum

am u ad im kfibid an kfib basma r v. ( ) s dam , y s , q masafah e masafat t i e n i am j , a m , m z l

r n osi rit bah r rut rut bé a k (p da aj a , ba , t io n , j ah r re nair i nadiran n ir az a ly d , qal l , ad ah ,

' uréd i u16 mfi sh - e u ur iri sic n j (pl. j b z g ha diyab) r a ra khand an khan o uma qa a , y q , q q

re 6? ad ir e ir ir ady 1 h h amad h , haz haz ‘ re r r ir éri r a wa a , akh aqab g , a qa

’ ‘ re arguard mu akhkhar aqab - i- lashkar dumdar ‘ e l- askar se e h l as e bat i se re sonc u se . a ( a , b (p j , muj b : beh b ab) sabab ‘ ' ai l ai in i asi or s (p . s y ) yagh ! , z ba

‘ re e io n t h 6rah t u h an is n t u h an b ll g y ya , g y

° re c e ipt wusfil maqbuz sénéd i ’ re c ei e a akh ad h é alma v ( ) , y q kh ud h re c e ss is asfi r e sur i it kl tay h , j j , y g re c oi of un r s éri t é 1sh l ( g , af ah g : p 7h ) ' re c o mme nd a t awsiyah (le t sifarish t avsiyé t io n t e r) re c o nnoit re ke sh sh e f ; j e sse s ist iksh af ke shi ét mék (oi e spio na e ) karda n ' g ‘ ‘ re c ruit s e r i s r -i-t e ni ur a k jad d a baz az h ye q a , ‘ ajami (néfér) r irmiz sur ahma q , kh qirmizi r i nai is qasbah , ba d qam h

442 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En h A abic li . r g s . re fuge e Shari r s afadh arfad h i kar r is m m e u e v. r n n t é é ék f ( ) , y ka da , kun re giment alal fauj ’ e e sse f afs s t re ret v. t fi hur n e éssuf ét mék g ( ) , k da , ’ ye t e e sse f khur re gular ni d h ami sarbaz - e nizam nizami (so ldier) re u t ion anfin l anfin ai e mzam g la q (p . q , q d h , qawanin) usfil re in orc e ent s i u i f m mdad madad , q mdad , shfi n- i-t azeh istinad at ‘ ‘ su iir in n ina-n aishi y , a gem q y , dizgin re t ions araib u - u s khisimlar sin . i la q y ( g qa m kh h , (kindre d) qarib) aqriba re s v ala li rahani d n saliv rmék e e . u é l a ( ) t q , y t q a, or fe kk r n , aha yafukk re lie fs t e bd ilat madad t ébd ilat

d in mazh ab d in ib a n n man baqa , y q ma da , qalmaq , ahall d urma dhall , y i q re e er t e d h e kke r ad s t n kh at irlama m mb , y da h a , q , ye t e gme kke r d ar o nut mamaq - e firis h awalih t ah hawalah vaj h , t wil olit sha ada , p i r karwah ir ir j a , k aya q a e rre r t akrar r n t ékrar s6ilémék k , ka da , kun javab j e vah ‘ i ila n t a rir ét mék tt dada , q , u arrir d e h is r ét mék y q ha e , khaber vérmék re ort n t a rirat p ( . ) q

i re p rese nt at ive wakil (age nt ) namayanda. vek l ' vakil GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 443

K rd h S riac E l h n an u is . n Arme i . g is . y re u e e akh e sd aan u ir f g p g m haj , dak h il

s m rzh el abiil n ir billé rfizlé re u e v. e f ( ) q ak la q ,

zorakount alai ’ ’ t savil a sosal asafi kir m us liflé , p , ' t e ngi ‘ ‘ ' gano navor a ska r nazami askai aya (zork) or khalis r non aniin n6n ga k , ga q qa a

i ri a rein orc e e nt s nor u zh er f m y mdad , ha m dad

' erasan s nt li hau lé h éma y , a z g g re tions azkaanner kh izm kh iz é la g , ahl m (kindre d) ‘ r s art za el az kir er n e we dh lé e e e v. l a ( ) g , b da aza

‘ re ie s zoravik 1s 1 r r aun l f , baha a , ha , hawa , gapokh out iun hawar zorat s re ligion gro nq d in t 6d it h a re in mnal in rawast in ishlé ma ma , p re e er bis e hir t in it hélé l- m mb h l la ha balé , t khéré re mit t nc e t r mi okh ana n t t as a a p ama a , (mo ney t soum lim haq re nt n vart z ir ir iri ( . ) q k a , k e k re pe at grgnel t akrar kir t nélé e bad askh an h r ply (n . ) j awab j uwa ~ d al d h e i r r kir e we dh lé i rar re ort v. our e a p ( ) l , g q q gakrel shid hlé r d e h e akir t a rir i r r sahd fi e ort n . p ( ) g g q g a , t ha re re se nt t i e ne r a at sout i na1b i p a v g y wak l , wak l sic okh a h , p nort 444 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

r T r sh . Arabic e sian . u ki English . . P

’ re public j ambi niyah j u mbur j umh uriyét

‘ re pul se (a) difa magh lubiyé t (de fe at ) ‘ is id akh ahis ri re ue st n . t h q ( ) talbab , j a

re ser e r ii i t i t v ed , h ya i i t r n . (m l a y, ) ‘ re se r o ir 6dh ab - r n sarni v h amba khaz a , j

‘ ‘ ‘ i f s ist i fa re signat io n ist a i t l 15, re sist nc e mu awamah mu awam eh mu avémé a q , q q difa ‘ ‘ re so ut e mu irr t it h é s it m l s , hab , azm ab qade , ‘ azim j e sfi r ‘ re sp e c t (7a) 1t ibar iht iram h urm ét

ist r aramid an ist irahat ét rest v. ( ) a ab, , yast arih 616111 re st urant sufrakhanah ash az - ne lo and a a , p kha h q lo qandah yém ékkh ané result natijah natij e h nét ij e

‘ insih ab is ohikilish ret re t n . n a ( ) aqab ha geri , ‘ st an rlj at ‘ f i c hikilm ék ret re t o . rat an r a ( ) aqab , ge , ‘ rau rij at ét m ék ' t r v d onmék re u n . n ( ) baz amada , , geri ai élmék avd ét g , ét mék re ve ille (m ) bfi q - e bidan yat buf a si

‘ re e nue m ali at irt ifair varid at v y , ad

Re ve nue Idarah maliyah I d é ra- ye mali Idare - i- maliye Depart me nt yat ‘ re verse (m ) aks (o pp osit e ) sh ikast

re ie t ro o s munadh arah s én- ini résmi c i v w ( p , b ge h d

n . )

446 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A a Turkish En lish r bic . ersian . g . P ,

re o ut ion t h 6rah t haure t ehavvul v l h , haya (re volt ) jan

re o er r r s is -liileh t i- at lar v lv wa wa h h al p , revolver rheumat ism dard -i-mafasil yél

‘ l ust u n-i ur dhal (p . kha qab gha ‘ d h ulii ) pahlu t imm en shileb irin irin , b j p j ni en in t awan ar z én in gha , z g g , g mut amauwal

re ke b irkab su r s u n binmék at ile , y wa h da , , shau git mék khayyal suvar at li

ri in - orse i n e r as - i- su ri binék at at d g h h sa p wa , rukfib

ri fle t ui kah t , ma li rifle man t ufi ak

ri t i n in gh y m a , yam (right hand) t ammam (c orre c t ) right away yallah ri fin e r s n n . g ( g , ) mahba , kha t im (se al)

' must awi re si e 6lm ush d h , pukh t e h s s rfid - ne néhir sii c i hat , hatt , kha h , , ha n r (s irmaq ah mall) 0 r ri rah vol da b , ta q

' ro ad (c ame l) tariq el- j lmal road (mule ) tariq e l-baghal road t ariq min ‘ (me t alle d) ma dan ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ri ir rah - i- ir adi ol r road ta q wa wa y , a aba (unmet alle d) yolu GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 447

A rmenian .

‘ ‘ re volut ion h e ghapokh ou asawat qarpi isyan re o t t iun absd am nat ( v l ) , pout iun revolver vet sharvad zian warwar warwar r eu t is rh omat ism h ma m , vosgrat sav o h arsii arasfi arasfiwa g g q p , p p

rinj rizza ‘ gaulamand t t ir u , a a , da la zengin mand Suwar bfi‘ rkiilé

s u r r wa , khay akawa yal riding-h orse h ed zelat zi aspe suwa n sfisad -raka wiit ha rifle h rat san t ufak t ie n t fakt a , g rifie man h rat sanagir t fe nkj i yamina right ach (right ras t (right hand) hand) ; t fipangc h i oughigh drest (st raight ) ‘ right away on arrac h harra ! birau ! si ql6 ! yalla ‘ rin fin er n ni h an ust ir zi t h a g ( g , . ) mada g , i q 6st irik g , amuswan hasoun e i ahish ~ s i g h a , g b h la t ii c i , heb a av rfibar néhra s , , hatta

m h r ou hi rré riar ai a firkh a ja a a , g , , r g jampa road (c amel) ough d i jampa road (mule ) ch orii jampa ro kh ou hi ad j g , (met alle d) shose road 1 hasarag jampa (unme t alle d) 44s GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

E n li h Arabic . g s . ro e r r i u bb ha am (pl. d zd haramiye h ) ro er sir ah t e slib d uz i kh irsizlik bb y q , d

c n s ro ]: l. n k ( . ) sakh (p a g sukhfir) musakhkhar sang - lakh s sa f ath , g bam (c e iling) ubbeh 6 h iit a g , dha q ‘ irq bikh i is i t c l. r n e habl (p h bal) ma p , hala ( abl ) fasid sme in fisid e h c hiiriik ( ll g) , p kharban s in urus t zibr uruzlu sért kha h d h , p , d alghali (se a) roun ad u r mud auwar uvarla d ( j ) m dawwa , y q , gird d éyirmi row e dh e f i dh af arfi n ~ kiirék j , y j p zada , zan c h ékmék rubbish z abalah kha s - u kha supurunt u shak or khak rfiba rudde r sukkan sukkah d umén

r mi zi ahma qir , surkh ru n z li ah rs alic h a i i c . fi g ( ) y fa h , q k l m ke he

(for praye r) sajad ah ja- namaz se jjad é

r t wairanh a ir n ore n kha aba V a e , ' r i ri d awidan d au osh ma ja a , y j , q q qasab nai qarnish

Russia Rfisiyah Russian Musk6f1

450 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic a Tur h . ersi n kis P . Sabbat h se bt s abt pazar-gii nii

sac k kis (small) j uwal t orba go niyah (large) s cre m u ad d as mu ad d as mu ad d e s a d q q q , shérif ham in miikéd d ér g g , mah ziin eyer ' zin r n é érlémék r ka da , y , eye vurmaq saddle bag kh urj m hd bé

’ safe (adj ) amin bi- salamat sagh s i in - esse safinah s ti - i- i n émisi a l g v l , ka h y bad yelke g mahailah s i or e s t i- ban émi i a l m llah ka h , g j khalasi (ou mallah rive r st e amer) ‘ ‘ s uru -ban s ir élké lér h bad , h a y n ‘ ‘ maash mavajib ma ash ailiq (m o nt hly) salt milh namak t uz s t n e a i e h u e . t e m nni t se al ( ) ; h y , lam ‘ t ad h im salam i it (m l . ) s ut e a s s r n selamlama al ( ) allam, alam ka da , q yusallim kun f s t ri s c h1 lsh ét mék ou v. r u n ally ( ) kha aj ala , kha j h da , q ‘ yakh ruj ala shau s e i er in r bir far siz am wah d, f d ham , ba a , q , ’ ‘ sliikl bar aini it is all t h e ma yukh alif hami n-ast ikisi bir sam e ' t his is t h e hadha mit hl in baan yakist ikisi bir same as t hat dhak sand raml GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 45 1

Arme nian Kurdi h . s .

’ ' (Sunday) Gi Sabt shabt a ragi ; (7 t h

d ay = Sat ur d ay ) Shapat r o r uwal is ba g , d b ag j , k a

e s r sr azan r m ii ish s cr ou u . d a a d p, p ha am , q qad d as d kh our i d il 6t i in dama , s , ghab a, khamin pshima zin sarga zin kir ms fire glé saddlebag khurj in s e ad in n af ( j ) am , pa a sailing- ve sse l arrakasd anav s i or n st i a ic i a l ava mallah, g gam h mic hi

arrakast q t osh a vart z a h aiv m iiwaib g, q h q , , j m ah ngana salt agh khwe me lkha h c h s s s ut e n. vo u n e lav shlama al ( ) g y alam , o

s t v o h c h o n l m alu e (v. ) g u e selav da d rélé shlaa s out o kh o anal r h at n i lé f ally ( y , zhda va p q ba aye hart zagel s e nu n wak n ir m ukhd ai id am y , az g

it is all t h e huynu e h ar au bukh awabigiané same waya t his is t h e j 1sd ador bes e e u wak awa adhi mukh same as t hat d aigid 1 413 1 ‘ s n i r khizé e r a d avaz kh z , aml , p a F f Z 452 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A er an a i . T r bic . s urkish P . s n n 1 r i us t e - i-ri si hli a dba k haw , aml , p h y g g q j urf ‘ ‘ ‘ s n n l na51 nal c ru c ri a dal a al (p . ) , ha q ha q sandy ramali rigi qiimlu ‘ Sat urday Y6m e s-se bt Shamb eh J um a-ért ési

I ‘ I I tawah digche h t enj é ré ‘ ‘ n nalbaki or fin an t abahi sah , ma j g nalbaki s us e bas armah sasisam c r su u d r a ag t , ha j q ( y) ; hand a or rii u t g , b mba da - q e aga nda (fre sh) s e khallas rah anid an urt arma av , q q ukhallis 1 n or naat y O aha j rescue d ad an ‘ d e h ( ) , sa n i s rr w ( . ) m n har a e h

al a ii l ui t n fii s6ilémék d e g , y g g a , g , mek anaagfil mi- guyam d éyon m

t hou sayest int a t agfil mi-gu 1 d éyorsin

h e says hua yagiil mi -gfiyad deyor

we say ihnanagfil mi- gu 1m d éyoriz

you say int u t agiilfi n mi -gu 1d d éyorsiniz

t hey say hum yagfilfin mi-gfiyand d éyorlar

I shall say anaagiil kh aham guft d éyéjeyim

I said anagult g uft am d édim

' sc ale s balance i n i kifia t r i i n ( , m za p lla , e az , m za n . ) sc r il- bi-d ush wari n ir h é a ce ly b kad ad ah , ‘ i- fi e h man ii ch b sa b , g (wit h diffi hal ile c ult y)

454 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish A a c bi ersian . . r Tur i h . g . P k s sc t t er sh e t t e t ashid an d ahit ma a , p , g q , yush et t it pash sachmaq sc oo m e d resah makt ab ~ t h l , , mad mek eb me kt e b rase h scissors maqass miqraz maqass n h ah l ' a e sc out . kash s af aaad r iz i s ( ) t y j , k haf (PL) sab barah (pl) scre w (pro parwanah c harkh pell et ) sea bahr se st u r al ( amp , m h se aling -wax lukk searc hlight nfir barqi

se son mfi sim mévs1m a fasl , fasl

sea-wall musannayah deniz rikh t eme , dalgha qiran se c o nd (num t hani d uvum ikinj i be r) s n sirr l s r 8 1113 1 62 ecret . . r ( ) . (p a a ) , secre t ad sirri sirri sirr izli ( j ) , g s c t i d abir t i aib i r e ret r l. k t s r a y ka b (p , ka b y ; kut t ab) kyat ibi (privat e se cret ary)

‘ se cret sirran khuf a i izli ly , y makhf , g t an panhan se curit y e mniyah ; kafa aman e mniyet lah (pl e dge )

s ash fi f or i n bin orm ék haf , y d da , g ’ raay r , a a GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 455

K dish . riac Arme nian . ur S y . sc t t er t srvel u kir wa mburbizlé a bla , randi n sc hool t brot s makt ab madrasah scissors mgrad miqash sc out n . t e d bahaban asiis ( ) , j

scre ro bd oud a bur h i e harkh bur hi c r w (p g g , g , ha kh pell er) sea d zov ba ré r m h , da ya ya a se al st am n ni u r mfir 1116h r ( p, . g q m h , se aling- wax gnqam o m lak lak searchlight lousakh uyz (parosne ren yey naveren art zagvad z kh ouzargou luys) season ye ghanag faslé salé sea-wall d zova-bad nesh

se c ond num er rort d fii d fiani t ré ana ( y g , , y be r) si ni

se cret n . kah d ni sirr enh ani r ( ) g q , p aza secret (adj ) kagh dni se cret r art ou har ti t i a y q g , ka b ka ba krakir

se cre t ka hd na ar bd izi z hé ani b- r ly g p , p aza , b-tush wa se curit abah ovout iun n an ilt izam sala y , ama , p , e rashkh avo b ni am niat mat fit h a y a , rout iun d e snel dit in c u kh zélé , ha pai kir 456 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ara c bi . ersia P n. ‘ r ust n ii dawwa ala , j a , j '‘ yudawwn ala fet t esh or , yufe t t ish a irift an it ze t ét mék y g , g b , kudh d h or t fit ma irift q , g le zem ilz am ét mé , y k f n ffis is ne s l. u u n i (p ) kh d , kh h ke d

‘ ‘ ba i furfikht an sat ma , yab , q furiish se maphore simafor ish are h sémafor ’ nama i

‘ ‘ t ib at h firist ad an ba a h , y , or rs ] ursil firist a a , y n6baohi lf r u (p qa aw l , n6bac hiyah ) pasban farra t afri e h kar a irma q , q y q ufarri d an kun y q , j uda -j uda airi airi

‘ s ep oy a sker hindi sipahi- ye hind sipahi

Se t e er Ailiil i r- Eilfil p mb M h mah , s erge ant c hawush wakil c h awfis h ' s e rge ant - maj or bash c h awfi sh vakil - e avval ba sh c havush

i n u r hizm t i s ervant khad m (pl. a ka é j kh ud d am) s er e khid mat kar hizmét étmék v khadam, , ikh d am d an kun ishini brmék y , g ’ s et t e ah ao se asid d ta i anamfi hissablash ma l ( dd , y d y q c ount ) d an or kar s azi karda n d fikh t an d iiz d ikmék s ew v. ( ) khayyat , , yukhayyit

458 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

ersian Turkish P . . se xt ant

ul 16 s e iil é s Q , ay h g g , aye rr u r t n i n sarsma s ha ak , y ba aka d da , q , alla rik o nafadh d h r , e yanfud h s o es m oi hall w g h , ( ) payab qalil ‘ s me n aib s r i i ha ( . ) ha m h j ab , ay b

z i ashi n t r s ét m ék s e v. é in uzé t r d a hav ( ) yy , y y , a h yin t irash shee p ghanam gfis fand goyun she et (be d) c hare haf c hadar c harshaf she e t (o f pape r)warqah varaq t abaqa s e n ulle h l u e kh um areh mérmi um h ll ( . ) g (p . g l l) p , q bara s v d h aa i- khum are h umbara e . r b b 6 h ll ( ) t p , p ah q a h rab bi d akht an e m at ma y g , q t 6p daz r s t i séfiné ma kab ka h , jahaz , gémi qamis t h 6b pirahan g6mlék (out e r shi rt ) sh e lh ah st si er si hli da a gh y , g q

s oe n and arah s ine a ush un' h ( . ) q , kaf h , p h p p , q papfi sh dura “ ‘ ‘ s v i nal n kar naalama oe . n un l h ( ) a al , y a ba d q d an , kun s o ot r r i ulfile h an~ t ufénk at ma h ama , ya m g q or d h arab bi d akht an , ah r adh rab or t ir an asas , y daz d akh t an , andaz u n l u n d uk an d kka (p . d kka y d ukakin) s ore kin r s i s i sii ké ari h a , ah l ah l , n GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 459

A me a Kurdi h i r S ac . ni n s . r . y

se t nt x a , angiunae hap s on sd ve r si e re si h k, , k t snt se l t akand in u , , j ' sharzh e l n in we ma d , shamdin s o d zand zah orr orr d fikt ha hall w g b b é, ‘ di -psaa ‘ s e m ot s r ruswai i ham ( ) am ha m , , a ba hishmat ‘ s e v. ad zile l biri s kir kfir r hav ( ) h , g e le

‘ s e e vochkhar méh e r h p , paz ba s e e t be d s n aim c r aim h ( ) ava j j , ha ghata, j j c haf she e t (of paper)t er t kagh az t abaqa s n rro m il a - 6 he ll ( . ) u p gunb t d t pe she ll (5 ) rrmpaharel

i r markwa gam , ma kab ' k1ras siid ra

‘ t z neram at urfih umsal g jama , g q (c ro wd) ; na kfir na- 61 , q 2 b6rr (shallo w) ‘ ‘ s oe n . oshi 61 élav nal ul n h ( ) g g $ , p , sa e, a la

‘ ‘ s o e v. b a d el nalel nal kir mnu e llé h ( ) y ,

knd aah arel avit in ta n t r ni s n g , , qa we e ha zarne l din

khanout i d ikkana , d kkah krbag a ezer néziké avé sé si t h ad - p, y q , p maya 460 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ara P r n bic . i h e sia . Tur k s . sh ort qasir kiit ah qissa sh ot act r c hélah t ir uliile h ursh un ( ) amyah , , g q , sach ma s hot (bullet s) se ch e m s houlder kit if (dual diish o muz kit ifén) - h s out y . a ai n a n ba irma h ( ) s h , y s h ba g z da , g q zan mijraf parfi s u m n 6st érmék hawwaf , y amuda , g shawwif ; béy mm e n ubé e y , y yy n (pro ve ) s hrapne l shrapnel shrapnel shrapnel

shrine mazar (pla c e of mazar ziyare t visit at ion) s ut see c ose se asid d st an n a ama h ( l ) dd , y ba , ba d q p q

‘ maridh n i r na st ke ifse z , waj a b ma , kha a , khush sic kle d as

ni 6b ahlii an ni j a b , s p y , j a b muhasarah muh asareh muh aséré mankhal ir élék albur , gh bal , q gharbal sight (oi gun) nésh e ngah nishangah nishan-gyah

isharah ish arat ish aret si ent t o be se ke t iskut kh amfish sh u siis lma or l , , y q d an s u or sukfit ét m ék , ha s it s u n ak h da , shau r di lah il- n um y é cha adm, h g ba d q mur seddi " 7 min fidh dh ah gumiish fidh dh ah giimiish

462 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A e En li h rabic . r T r h i n u kis . s s a . g . P

sinc re o min t aaz wa t i - d an béri su x e s . (p p ) , q ( fi ) k h é e sinc e (adv) ba ad sinc e e c use li- e u min ét h (b a ) , h sinful khati gunah qar gunahh sin nn h a hir o . u n n t ur u o g ( ) gha a , y g avaz kha da , k g ha nni sarayid an maq sin trans h arra u r r n bat irma k ( ) g q , y gha q ka da , q gh arriq kun sin intrans ri r s u n bat ma k ( ) gha q gha q h da , q yagh raq shau sir t o n t i e e fi e nd im aa e fi e nd im ( a v ) q , agha t o Euro e n s i aam fi s fi be e fi e nd i ( p a ) ah b q , q y , c helebi t r iz~ ard ash u l. a kh (p kh ha , q q akhawat ) hamshire h ‘ ‘ ' a ad nish ash t an 6t u1ma ga ad , y q , q ele s i lis nis in j , y j h kub r andaza buyukh k s i u ir h unarmand hii nérli k lf l mah , zaring s in inflat e d arbah s t filfim kélék k ( ) g ma hk , s ir is munawash ah - u ur c h erkha k m h zad kh d , qaravuli sky e s- se ma asman gok slaught e r (m) t bh kasht ar qirim

- s u t er v. d h e be kush t an us késmék la gh ( ) h , , k h , helak yifi bah ét mék s e e n u6m h ai a fi ii l p ( . ) k b d n yq

am n h id a fi fima s e e v. 1i k ab n l p ( ) , ya am , y q khab s e e e u l st i l v k mm (p . a n akmam ru n ) , d bati ; mut a yawash yavash ’ akh khar (oi wat c h) awash ahist eh s s y , yava h yava h ‘ ala kéf ir kfi chak ni kii c huk sagh aq , A 0 F S 463 GLOSS RIES , WORD

Armenian . n . K E lish urdish . S riac g y . sinc e(prepos ) horme he de zhwakht min

i v inc s nc e (ad . ) m h smce (be c ause) kanzi min sabab sinful m e gh avor gunahkar kh ilt ana kh ud an sfij sin v y erke l ist iran in ir g ( . ) bezh , zam ban kirin sin trans sou e mu h ri lé k ( ) z l , g q unggh mel sin intrans souzil hin or bin hari lé k ( ) , da da g q unggh mil av c h 6 ' si1 t o nat ive ro n e f e n i ( ) ba khwaja , agha f d t o Euro e n ro n i ba s i ( p a ) ba ba g, g ah b

us t kh hk , kha ha khung rfinisht in it filé

c s mazinat i firfit h a hap , ha ag , g aurai r g , qada skil u ard ar h moud i t ézhfah m s ir ir f l j , aq l , hat , mah s in inflat e d di r c r zi zi a k ( ) g, ba g ha m , qq qq . skirmish t e t e v grri v sharr sk e r in ot s n r 1 a y y g q , a ma q t od orad z slaugh er (n . ) g nkh ara s u t er v. od orel s t n zab nkh éré la gh ( ) g , ku h a , h sbanel

s ee n . oun n shi nt ha l p ( ) q khawa , kha , dma kha s lee p (v. ) qnanal newe stin d mj khlé s ee e h fi ohik d ar ilt a r i l v bal , p , b a d h at ha

~ amat s é iran a a fira g p g , y y q wash

gamat soug yawash ya h édi hedi wash ' o r nr b echfik hiu: z6ra p q , ma , 464 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En i i Arabic . ers an l sh . T . ur g P kish . smaller asghar kfi chakt ar daha kiichuk

‘ smallpo x jid ri c hic hek illét i

s r h bii me ll (n. ) iha q oqfi sme trans isht e mm bfi r n o lama ll ( ) , ka da , q q q yasht e mm kun ‘ s e t o stin nt n unt in mut aaffin o ma m ll ( k) a a , y q q q s u n s u h da , ha s n ii moke ( . ) dukhan d d d uman s o e t o s r t it en t ut iin s i t iit iin iohmék m k ( ha ab , ka h cc o v ish rab t it e n d an s ba , . ) y , ka h s oot is r d uz m h mal saf , hamwa smuggling t e h rib t ah rib az gum qac hirma ruk or az gum ruk gurizan d an snake hayyah mar yila n snow (m) t h e lj barf (161 so (t hus) hic hi c huniu or in b 6ilé t aur so and so (71 fulan fulan saban sabfi n 6rib l u r j (p . j wa j u ab rib) soft léyyin narm soil (e art h) t r ab khak ‘ soldier aske r sarbaz so i i i mu assam l d qaw , j am d j so me sh wéya qadri

some b ody ferd wahid sh akh si bir kimsé somet hing fe rd sh e c hizi bir she i ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ so et i es e l i u t i kérré m m ba dh ba z a qa , ba z awqat ahyanan so e ere fi e r n ak a bir re bir m wh f d maka y j ye , yérd e ibn l e nin is r o hl (p . b ) p a g in t iirkii s r i gh a , awaz , ha q naghmah

466 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic n a . . ersi T i h P urk s . ‘ 8 0 0 11 ri ii zfid c u t éz ah qa b , hab k , awwal wa t O q , ‘ bil- aj e l so one r ab] ziit t ai: c h abu g daha q , daha erken so ie - rt n . kh urfi h u e kh uru u u ( ) j , j hamla y j , h j m mah kh urfij soun ad i i s sahlam d ( j ) sah h Sal m agh , g sound (noise ) sada sés hiss sounding ghumq ol- m oi miqyas isqandi] ét mési (wat er) c horba ékshi yoghurt énfib i j , q bla jénfibi j énubd an e se ruzkiar ‘ ‘ sow izra s ékmék o . r i t n ( ) za a , y k h a

' mis mi far bil bel w ha , h , k ek

s r r akh ar ha a ah g , sharareh ‘ ‘ s rro affir kun ishk pa w s (pl. asa j fir) a ki or uit an m soflémék haka y h g , g t e k llam e , yet ekellam s e r n ram l ar n i h ar hi i r p a ( . ) h (p . a za g g , m z a mah) Spe cially khasfisan kh usfisan b ashlija makhsfi s mu n e s iu qud aqd , m k kiat Sp e c t a c le s mandh arat ainak gbzlik

‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ sur sur t sur t ah , aj alah a a GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 467

n i Ar n n K rdi h riac . E l sh . me ia u s S g . . y soo n sh oud qalfila

so o ne r ave li sh oud zii t ir bush z 6d a sort ie (n h art z agoum huj um plat t ale plash a (azad ve lou ) soumi (ad j ) arrogh c h sakh soun noise t zan n d ( ) y , da g h nohiun soundi ng d zovac hapou (wat er) t iun soup abour sh 6rba sh 6rba sour t ht h ou t e rsh khamfisa sour milk mad zoun mast mast a sout r unfib iblat unfib t aimna h ha af j , q j , sout he rn h araiayin t are fe qiblat é sout h wind h aravayin h ov b aé j unfib p6kh at ém naya sow v t u aV 1t 1n kil re ( . ) , za n in c n a d , ha d in

ric i bér rr r6sht a p h , pah b al , , ma mawal , , marra ris c h risk sh ararit h a p k , , pall rro n h o n oh fiki si r Spa w j jg g , ma p a ' u c c ii i l hka , h l kh osel 6t in akh aft in mu kélé g , h

s e r n m a . e r r ii ( ) z ga , h ‘ p a

eci had abes kh u fi an a Sp ally g s s , g lagt -e r h nc h o un t r ziv am naqd ,

e c t c e s anot s aine ki c h a c s i Sp a l g , ha hm wank ‘ ‘ arakout iun i sur t sur laz , a ah , qalu liit ha 468 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

an T Arabic . ersi ur i h k s . P .

r arif s r r n s r ét mék sa af , y s a f ka da a f e nfe unfi r ét m ek q , y q kha j ‘ araq raqi

spo on khashfigal qashfi q qas hi q ‘ ' spring (se ason) rabi bahar ilk bahar ‘ s rin of ain moi c s e un r c e s p g ( ha hm h p a , h hme wat er) Spur shabfir mihmiz mah mfi z s n asfi s esii s asus py ( . ) j j j s u ron fir ah st e - i- s d onanma filo q ad q da y ka hf , naut ic al) t iha-yi- jangi

squall (wind) d harbah bad -i-t und b ora

‘ ‘ square (adj ) murabba murabba d ort kushéli

st able t6lah tawile h akhur st afi oi r r n e l- r sar- kard a an e rkian- i- r ( a my, a ka ha b g ha b n e ush fi n . ) q st n nt oi is waif ist ad a d ur h un a ag a ( khay , g g , q wat e r) maz

st irc se d ere m r h n mérdi vén a a j a d a , palle h ' st alks (oi saq shakhe h saplar millet or maize ) t i l f fil as -i-nar ai hir at s on . u all fahl (p h ) p g ,

st amp t ambr ost e (p ag , af f st a a d a d ur st n v. wa o a or ist ad an i a d ( ) g , y g , y q a iim dikilmék qam, y q maq , ne ma sit areh i i j h (pl. y ld z nuj fi m) s t r o r i s n lhe t i a b a d yam n a jaq j , sanj aq t arafi hard a- st ar t ammam alaband ayali b oard lil-yamin

470 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

E li Ara n h . bic . r an i h s T r s . g Pe si . u k

‘ ‘ ’ st r t ion fi m t fi urusna i ali a va (n . ) j 6 j g g j q

st t e c on i al l a a ( d h (p . hwal) t ion) st at ion (rail mahattah mahattah mahat t a (in wa S ri is y) y a) , kele , ist asion

abii ch alma baq , y q q st e u r isht im u u u r am b kha , b gh , b kha st e ame r markab bu kasht i- yi-bu vapor ' r ri kha , kha bakhirah st n fiiladh e e l ( . ) st e e l (adj ) min fiilad h st e e ring- ge ar alat e l- idarah st e ersman sukkanchi d umand fi d uménji st e m (oi ship) sadr e l pishi- yi- jahaz géminin bashi markab st e rn akhir pusht —i-jahaz géminin qichi e l- markab st e wa rd khadim qamarot

‘ ‘ st ic n fi d ah c h iib -i- st i k ( . ) asa , da ’ st i oi ila l- an haniiz t abi ll ( , t ime ) st irrups rikab st i und a a o c k (o a g un) q q (pl. q nadi q) st o e r n ri t s i oran k a , a a h vap waqqad at éshjisi ‘ ‘ ‘ st o c n shikam i rin mi d é ma h bat , ma dah , m da qa , s t on r l 11 51 s n t s e haja (p . 1 3 ) a g a h st ony hajari sang- sar t ashli ' st 0 intrana waaf o af ist eid an ist d urma p ( ) g , y g , q GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 47 1

En li Ar ian Kur sh men . dis g . h . st arvat io n ansva out iun birsit i birc h i ki a n . n ( ) g , , , p anot out e nné z hblrsam 1

m errnil riné ir ni , g a st at e (c ondi Vi j ag hal t ion) st t ion r i n a ( a l gaya , gaya way) ran

kogh nal dizin st e u r u r hau am b kha b kha , hara st eame r sh okenav

st e e l (71 ) boghbad piila st e e l (adj boghbad ia st e e ring- ge ar sh arzhic h kort zi aniv q , st e ersma n gh e gavarioh d umanc h i d fimanc hi st e m (oi ship) klkh ad zayr (navi) st ern verc had zayr (navi) st e r d nd e s sbasav or i i u wa d , khad m , kh z gh lama (navi) mat kar st ic m kavazan d ar o al t t k ( ) , g P qa a st ill (ad v ) d agavin hat t a nuha h ul daha st irru s asbant a auzfim en i zan iil p g , z g g ' st ock (oi a gun) got h (h 1at sani) qund akh qiind akh a st oke ]: naV i-gragarar

‘ st o m c orr st amox zik s a h p , , mada ma dah , ka a , ist iimka st one qar kepa st ony qaro d mari kipi st o intrana u arrnel rawust an klélé smikhlé p ( ) ga k , , 4 72 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En Ara er ian h bic . s lis . . Turkish g P . st ores arza Q a ire t éd ariik ét q , h zakh h y , kh air s lé azi y , alwa v mat (grain) e e e i l gl g laqlaq, laklak l ylek , haj baba st orm d h arbah tiifan firt ina

tfif ani firt inali hikayat hikyayé st o e 6 u ri u ri v s pa , b kha b kha

‘ st r i t i fibal a gh ad l , g (st raight on) ‘ ri i ri aban i rib gha b , aj b gha b y j , gha sér t asme h qaish fann ol-harb fann-i- muha sévq él- j e ish rab e h t ibn kah ' n r e r fii ah , m j a j ' ‘ s n r i n ha , da b kh yaba quwah ziir st re t c he r se dyah t akht a st ret c he r sh ayyal hamil - e t akht a b e are r st ri e d arab n zan vurma k h , zada , q ya_d_h rib ‘ st rike c amp qala ol-khi c h adirh a ‘ am akhla n n kun y , y ka da , e l- khiyam i sfit li ris n i kha t , ma p ' qawi q uvvét li ‘ t h a il i a lsiz q , bal d q , shashqin nayib mulazim ’ ghauwaseh t aht u l-bahr zafar muvafaqiyét n a- ansiz bir agah p , d én-bire su r and shakar shékér ga q ,

47 4 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ar i r i En lish ab c . e s an . h T is . g . P urk sugar -c ane qasab e sh nai-shakar sh ékér gamishi

I suit e muwafi munasib munasib i abl q , la q

summer t abist an yaz aft ab Y e ksh ambe h ‘ tulfi -i- aft ab gun d ogh usu

sunset h urfib —i- t h urfib un g af ab g , g bat isi ‘ supp er sham aq sh am t aami su ie s arza ire lévazimat ppl q , zakh h muhimmat surge on jarrah jarrah j érrah ' surre n e r se e uso si urdan t s i ét mék d ll m, y l p , e l m trans See lim si r ( ) . pa also give in misfiha kar aazi i o o sur e v. e n e s u e n t r v y ( ) h d , y b ( y ) l h d is d an mek surve yor muh e nd is ma ssah mp h e nd is sus e ct e mashbiih maznfin shubh éli p d , maznfi n ‘ s eet ulu a b s irin t t li w h , fi h a (oi wat e r) s e in n wurfim s s is shish lik w ll g ( . ) ama h h ,

s i v se e isba s in ri kar uzmék w m ( . ) b h , y h h awa y n d a , kun

‘ swit c h (of 1 ail maqass m il- e naqq zila wa e rah - e n y, y aha s or séf l su fif s s ir i i w d (p . y ) ham h q l j s i is fre n i it fre n l é fre n yph l g ku g , j

Esh - S S S ham, ham ham Suriya t e m ez t rébézé so r abl , f a ‘ t ac tics harakat t ad abir-i-har t a biye e l-j e ish harbiyah biye h GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 475

En K r i d sh . li Armenian . u g sh . sugar- c ane shaqare gh e k s uit e r r munasib an si i abl ha ma , leha m a b , la q t in summer amarr h avin qaita t av t au sh msha are v , e Giragi Y e ksh amb Kh aush aba are vad zak rfihalat u isaad - u , s q ya ma bahi sunset are vamo ud khwarawa naad - au , g y y ma gh urfib su e r s i c is kh aramsha pp h v , ha h t ash av supplie s bash are gh e n zakhira zakhira sur e o n Vira u zh rr i rr i g p y ja ah , hak m ja ah, hak m surre nder h ant znel t eslim kir msule mlé e (trans ) . S e also give in sur ve y (a) ke d nach ape l masah at or makhi-t a nap hand asat kirin surve yor ye rgrac h ap muhand is t anap c hi sus e ct e as aelzeli bsh ubh a ii shubha p d g g , kh bguman s we et anoush shiriu s e in n ourru t sk bairt iné w ll g ( . ) y g , panamiani swim loghal malavan skh élé s it c oi r i 1u a d zan w h ( a l j gh , q wa n y, . ) s o r sour t our ir w d , h Sh s i is fransaan akh d r n i r yph l g fa a g , ma az khabis S S ri S ham u ya , ham

se h an mez i r i r g , s f a mez , s f a rrazmakha h g , t act is 476 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

A rabic .

d hél l d h u (p . yi l) ; liyah (of she e p) khayyat khaiya t t erzi akh adh irift an ir alma __ , g , g q ’ yakh ud h t a ki r h v. n onfis alk ( ) haka , y h ha f zada , q maq zan or guft - u- gu r n kun ka da , ‘ i ali u n e u un boilu taw l , b la d bal z alif dast - amfi z alishmish d ar aoha u sarni y , ha z j qir qir qat ran nishan nishan nishan

‘ ‘ t arpaulin mush e mma mush amma m ushamba

t st e a h ad hfi c h ash id an t at ma a ( ) d ag, y q , q c hash t ax iri re s n. ( ) m , m , baj ‘ o sh or t it e ( h ) , kh umas (4) ohai piyalah kfi ri

‘ ‘ t e c t i n 6 rét mék a h allam, a l m dada , g ‘ yu allim d e h or amfikht an , amfi z t e r s ash u re r n irt ma a (a) haqq , y qq pa h ka da , y q kun t e e r n t e e r t ele h raf t r l g aph ( . ) l g af g eleg af t e le graph t e le graf t e le ghraf t elegraf - kh ané o ffic e khanah khane h ‘ t el e sc ope darbin d firbin buzurg d firbin t e li a fil li uit n fii s6ilémék ll qal y q g a , g

47 8 GLOSS ARIES OF WORDS

A c rabi . ersian P . ’ ’ must a j ir must a jir c ir kh e mah e i e had , kh m h , c hadir t e nt - e wat ad l i c ir zi h i p g (p . m kh had qag aut ad ) ' t e nt -i o e e l- c ir r s n anab c ir i i p habl had a a , t had p

min - d an (sufi w) s e e r s u r r n t ésh ékkiir h k , h k ka da , yishkur kun ét mék t t on ann ki ha (c j . ) ki t t rom ha hak em an 0 0 1 ha (p ) d (f . , baghik) ' t n d h awaban - i- rlarin rim si haw ( . ) gud az yakh qa é é t - e k em - e ki t -r s n s m he e (f . u a a a é or - e 0 h ) (accus ) - h u1n (sufi x ) - i- ishan (sufi x ) onlarin m alhum mal-i- ishan onlarin- ki -h um (sufi x ) ishan-ra onlara onlari (accus ) t he n (at t hat had hak el- waqt d ar an waqt 0 1vaqit t ime ) ‘ t he n (aft er t h umma ba d az an ondan s6fira t hat ) t h e nc e min binak az anj a orad an

anj a orada hast or man] ud var ast t hermo me t er miqyas - i mlzan—i bararat h ararét t hese (prom) inha bunlar t he y ishan o nlar t ic kuluft ambiih in h k , qal oi t re e s &c ( , r i u ha am , d zd bawwaq kusht iban angusht ane h ‘ 1 i i r n i aq q , dh a f , lagha , az k khafif e em -i-t u s éninki mal k (f . mal male ki) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Ar di riac . menian Kur sh . S . y

vart saal kirc h i kirikir 1 r r g , ja ada r n 11161 kfin c h a in c er v a , , kw a , had d ir t e nt - e vranat sit s se n i p g , k , m kh vrani t sit s ' t e nt -1 0 e r ni lar n rist khaulad e p v a ba g, kwina qan zh la min sh norhaal shiker kir shkéré t ne n g , a line l mint a t h e zi vor d , , at a t a n 6 , y , y awa , t n t so h av u n ishrana haw ( . ) g b ya p t e e ke z ske z t at a - 6kh em - h , , (f akh)

anont s wan awan ~waihi anont sn yawan d iyaihi an n - - i i z o q (aeous . ) wan na b ano nt s cla ( t . ) t e n at t t ah - e n av ar wé aré ai ah h ( ha ad j , j g t ime ) t e n t er e o h (af aba , h d t hat ) t e nc e n i n e zh wéd aré min t h a d , a d , ama ghe n zh éra a n- e ant aud aré or t y d gh , , a a ama ga haya it h t he rmo met er c h ermach ap

- t e se aso n 97 on . van n ani h (3 ) q , ama t e ano n V an n ani h y q , awa t ic t ant zr i ust r t ir h ali g ish a h k , kh d u , g , q y (of liquid) (oi liquid) o avaza d iz n k gh , g ga awa

mad not s kisht abani kisht abani

nosr r zrava 1am: ra , ba ag , qiqa t t d 6kh ya a , male a y 480 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

Arabic er an Tur i h si k s . . P . sh é c hiz shei ift e ke r af ind asht an diishunmék ’ , y p , , t e kir pindar zann ét mék i ‘ ‘ ‘ t rst v. is a ash t ish neh sh u sii suz o h ( ) at h , y t lmaq n s n da , ha ‘ atshan t ish neh ' h ag a e i h (f m . n i h e l hadh ) , ilabinak sh6k c ame l -t horn agfil khar- e shut ur d eve dikeni t ose rom hadh 6lak m n nh on r h (p ) a a , a a la h ad h ik (oi t hings) e nt a or int a e nt i (f em . ) t re i l n risht eh i i h ad kha t (p . akh , pl k kh uyfit ) t re t en be e u t ahd id r n t éh d id ét mék h a dd d , y ka da , , h e d did kun q orq ut maq t hre shing d 6s khirman kfibi kharma n (ét mek) t hroat b oghaz t rou ii bi az i n- e - d an su x h gh , m ya ( fi )

‘ ‘ ‘ t n e r rad arai rad ok ii rlémési hu d , q q g g

Thursday Y6m e l Panj shambeh Pérsh émbé khami s -e k m -e ki (f e . or - e 0 h) t ic k (inse ct ) qarad

482 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h Ar ic r ian Turkish . s ab . e s g . P . t ic e t t e ske rah it t i t i t t s r k bal , ka b lle , e ke e

dh fi me dd sahib - i- madd m e dd ve fi jazar j e zr- d e n

me dd wa- j lzr madd fi jazar sfiyun q abar masi ve chehil

flood t ide me dd me dd medd

e bb t ide j 1zr t ie a s e st n n bahlama ( ) h dd , ba a , ba d g q yashid d m ash d fi d si t t n si i f , a g q

Tigris Ed -Dijl e Dijle

’ t i e 71 armid fiat su armid kirémid t u hla l ( ) q ( fal , q , g shap e d) hat t a t a ~é ~ qadar wa t l wa t ah it q (p . q , g , vag a uqat ) zaman ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ t t ime is bésh e ss aah 2 c h e s t ast saat c d ir wha a a , qa h ? ‘ it or s a at c hand ast 2 ‘ ‘ nu e r n rr n bat afaat d éf a . t 6 d ( mb ) ma a , t i i if t rs n t arsii or a m d khay , a a , q q q khawwaf ‘ t ire d t a ban khast e h yorghun t it e - a 0 nd ali ush r n. o sh or khu k h ( ) dah y q , m s (11 ila bi - é - a su x , ( fi ) t it e m ak t iit iin n t a b fi , t ut un t o - d ay e l-y6fn imrfi z bfi gun ‘ ' t oe usbu e r- 1 1j l angusht —i- pé ayaq parmaghi - t o orro bu r h c e r fard fi, rin m w k a , ba h ya GLOSSARIES ‘ OF WORDS 48 3

l Arme nian rdish n Ku . E ish . g . t ic et d omsa s n i e t ilit k g a ad , b ll , b t ikat d eghad vayin yey magn t at sayin magnt at sou t iun ye v - de gh ad vout iun (flo w and e bb) flood t i e e art z e re d hadj l , p madd bah ranal (c ho ur d z ovi) e bb t ide nvazil (c hour jazré bahré d zovi) t ie a e kir sha i r ( ) gab l giri , se e dandin in ir an azi a b d , b g t g h q , be z zfiqa Ti ris R Dikris Avé a in B i t g ( ) m z , gla Dijlah t i e n h mind r kar éo h hai a h . ir k r éc l ( ) gg p , j p

minc h e v t t t a h fil ha a , zhamana n t z un g zama , wakh a a

‘ ' what t ime is zhame ka ni é c h i wakhta s a at k- ma ‘ it 2 ile h ?

‘ nu e r a kam e are a la a. n n r n i ( mb , ) j , q gah t i i er ch od t ers6 ke md il 6 m d y g k, zad a t ire h oknad z st mani lh a d wa a , g j y ‘ t it e n d asano rt d e h - ék ush r sir h ( . ) , aya

arr - é su x a1 re x , i la , ( fi ) t , (p fi )

d zkhako t , t u t ut un t ut un t un

a sor avr6 amr6 id 6 y , y v od qi mad t e l pé subétacl-aqla n u i i ni r vagh s bah , ba a sap a

H h 2 484 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

ish . Arabic . ermian Turk P .

s n dil t ongue li an (pl. zaba alsinah ) t o -night h el-lélah imsh ab bii géjé t o nnage m ihmal e l mahmfil gémini n markab t o nélat asi aid han h um i , ham dakh t t alét alah (pl. ala ) ala sinn sn n n n is (pl. a a da da d h or sinfi n ) J ‘ waja sinn dard - i-dandan dish - agh n s1 jazmah c hakme h c hizmé lughm (pl: t orpil algham) t o uc a e ss amiss st n d o unma h ( ) m , y da zada , q q zan or lams r n kun ka da , i si t sért t i qaw f , qa a la kashid an c h ékm ék galas , y g s

t o r s n u ila t arafina ater wa d ah , (f the word) t o e eshkir d ast mal u i ésh ir w l p ha l , p g t o er ur bur bur w b j (pl. iij) ] m aft fil (Arab wat c h t o we r) t o n e e s r e sh éhir w b l d hah , qasab h (small) t r c e t er ri r c e ol iz a k h , ta q ah h h y , t r e c o m t aarah t i arat t i are t is ad ( j j j , al h

erc e n . V e n sh m , ) t r e r t ir t u r t ir t u r ad aj (pl. jj a ) aj jja t r in r il ar i ar it ar- e rah - e t rén a ( a way, q t , q t q n ir . n t n ) aha , a t r ns t e t er am t ar um e h kar t ér umé ét mék a la j , j j ut er lm d an kun y j , t ranslat ion: t erjumah t arj um e h t érjumé

486 GLOSSARIES DE WORDS

ian T ers . u ish P rk .

r ns h aml-u n n ét mék t ort v. n n a p ( ) aqal , ya qal aql aql kardan t r e e fi s r r ol ulu ét mék v. s r usar n av l ( ) af , y afa ka da y j q t rave lle r musafir musafir yolj u t re ac herous khayin gh ad d ar khain ‘ ‘ ‘ t re t mu ahad ah mu ahad a -namé a y ahd , ‘ mu ah éd é

sh e erah ir t c j (pl. d akh agha h sh ej e r) t re nch k n u hénd é si r l. ha daq (p ga dal , q , pe khanadiq) khandaq ‘ ‘ il l 11 ile abilé ashirét qab ah (p . , qab h q , abail q y ) , ‘ s ir l a h ah (p . ‘ as hayir) ‘ t ribut ary (oi shadi be h shu ba - ye riid c hai diger bir st re am) khana c haia mun~ sabb ola n n ist anak t e tik za ad p , shait anak

. dh s t t rot v 1 h e e b luk luk raft an ri i mék ( . ) , g , ye h ghe b ilgar git mék t rou e n e r kalfifah zah mat zah mét si ind i bl ( . ) k d , , q

t rou oi 6dh u n ‘ avla gh ( h ha z , ava q t er n better is wa , . ) ( , ab h ahur) t rousers (Eur6 pant al6n pant al6n pant al o n p e an) rie nt sir s r t um s r (O al) wal halva , halva ban t ruc e h ud nah hid nat t r - i mut éréké , a k aslihah ‘ t ruc k arabiye h vagon

ad i rast érc hék s q , sah b g , d 0 hru s hi g , a h GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

’

ac . Armenian Kurdish . b m . y t ra s t ourish e n irin i n or v. p ( ) d gh aql k , lab l ni h aml irin da l k , birrin ‘ t r am ort e l s r irin i s r e v. av l ( ) j p afa k , aw d apa t r e er am ort re ni re wanc hi fi rkh ac hi av ll j p , , rébuar t re c e rous ne n av or h ad d ar in had d ar kh aiu a h g g , kha g , t re at y t ash nakrout iun ahd sharat nama

t re nc h khram khandaq

‘ ‘ t se h o ashire t 11151 s ir g , d hm , a h ah

t ribut ary (oi hargad on ke-d rfibar ha c ha st re am)

t zkan c ~ u lad - t o n paya , haq q pa g maq t rot v su r e rakn luk 16k oh 6 mlu li lé ( . ) y , y q q t hat s t rou vish h o k zamat e ri zahma e n. d t bl ( ) , , , p " ne h out iun ni t i i g Sha , k l , khud fik our ourt s n g , a gav

t rousers Euro ant ravard i ant aliin ant fil ( q , p , p p e an) pant al o n shall rie nt vard i d ar é s s r (O al) q p , hall , halwa pe sh m a t ruc e zinat at ar havaliyé it hayali- kh d ha d h e pat s pe rrna n s ga g, ayl r s i a i hmar d 15s t d rest a s rast . ay , j , , , h q , oughigh 1 sarast t rfi sa “ 4 88 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En l h Arabic ersian is . . Turkish g P . .

‘ arrab u ar kfishid an c h alish ma j , y j , q rib kush (e nde avour) t éj ribé ét mék (e xp e riment ) Tue sday Y 6m e t h Se h sh ambeh Sali- gunii ' t halat ha t u o t r rr r - s re or ueur g (b a ) ma kab ja a j ahaz ka h m q , c hat ana t n e sir l e st n - e rah - e t un u n l (n. ) b (p . ab) aqb el aha n (a rail way t unne l) ‘ ur n le fiah ima i t ba , mama mah ‘ ‘ ‘ s nli Tur s ni s n i Tur O ma k , O ma O ma l , k

' Tur e Turki a Rfim K - i Mémalik-i k y y , hak ‘ ‘ s ni os ni O ma ma ye, Turkiya ‘ ‘ t urn c r ir a bar ard id an ri d ii nmék ba k aja , y j g , ge gard ur l ur kun nre h t o i b j (p . b uj ) g p qulés kafir no n kafir 1aur d insi 1 ( g , z Mo sle m) unc e rt ain mashkfik mashkfik shubhéli unc ivilize d mfi m ut e m e d vahshi méd éniyét siz e n wa shi d , h unc onscious a iss bi-hfish bai hin bekh fid ma y h g , (inse ns ibl e ; khabéri o lma yan (unaware) unc ult ivat e d c h 611ik unde r alt ind a u n erst n is e ifham fah mi d an anlama d a d h m, y , q fahm u nde r way musafir rawane h harékét d é olan (gémi) ' ‘ u nd ress 0 neself ne u u r t n n so unma za h d m , akh ka da , y q ‘ yinza hudu111 kan or lukht s hudan shau

490 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En li h h i . s . i ersian urk s g Arab c . P . T une xp ec t e d mii munt azar nagahan umfilmamish

‘ k s ah aska rakh -i- n am u or i w ri t iz i nif ma ,

yah forma. d h élim bi -in éf a s , z lim , sit amkfir inséfsiz u d m fi i Eé si né - me h rbé n m erham ét siz nkin Iat f, l , j e fakiar un o r nafad an kh a r n os -lt ma l ad . _b, y li ka da , b ha q ‘ fad h or bér péyin avard an ’ u u k m ash fim - t bakht siz nl c y bad bakh , z évali ' unple asant mli latif népasand nakh osh

- akh dh ar narasid a. olmamush

' unsafe mukhtir nzL- amu t éhlikéli

‘ u o d i é -barahna naalsiz nsh h fi p , ‘ bi - nal

unsuit abl m fi muwéfi nEi - muwiifi r p q q ya amaz , muné se be t siz unt ue m u d urfi h lie n lie r sahib, g ( ) yala ( ) kid hb d oghrad eyil u of mo on ilaf u aria u p ( ti ) fiq y q , y qarid a

’ ‘ zarfiri ; fauri mustaj él (sudde n) b61 sh fish sidik - na 1115331 bizé (sufi x ) 5, i i accus b z ( . ) ‘ ‘ ist ama] s ist i mél kar ullanma use v. a ( ) , y q q ‘ am d an kun or t il , , i n b kér burd a , ar b , GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 491

i Armen an . une ect e ansbaseli lanishkiwé d - id hat haor xp d , la zhgh aflé int izér gh afla~ t an

hamazke sd ul ke n fillé j , j j

anart ar z élim be - u zélim h é- in éf , i saf , , s unk nd ankout d mart i béra mat bé bi r k i , , h , a hmi go sht murfiwat o e a ai unl ad (p re )b rbe l bar d nfin mréipé tang,

un uc k an akht béris hé d - ris l y p q , la q bakht un e asan anh ao nékh wo sh nékhwosh d - Ia pl t j , , lutf s k na- c h ébia na kél dha , hag , na gehia , gaisht i uns e anabah ov h é- é na- salémét af am n , mukh ir t , daraki uns o anba d ai- rfit ai - lé sfili h d y p , p d t é zi ai , p ai o s - kha , p Iuit unsu ab e anh armar -lé e 15 it l lak y q , munfisib un ue r st d a éla d fi la tr a a , gg , g néd re st ‘ u oi mo on ve r zh 6r bar l- p ( ti ) , , hal ulul

vra. are v or sd i wé ib g , lazim, j bogh agan me z sh e r mis , r miz , m e z da ( t . ) sm e z a ( ccus . ) ‘ us v kord zad ze isti mfil kir e ( . ) l 492 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En lish a i i . . u i h g , Ar b c Pers an T rk s ’ ’ g f m bfi f id e h s d fé i li u e ul ufi d fi , fi d é mand ’ ’ use e ss i d bi-faid eh ffi id é- siz bo l b la fayi ah , sh , yaramaz ‘ ‘ ‘ us a d t é dat an éd et an u lly a a an ; éksériya ' ré s kabir bibi da ; khud maghrur i-l s n ro (proud ) ; b fi. pa a d (p ud) fayid ah (fu r (pro ud ) bo sh (futile ) t ile ) ‘ ‘ v in abat ha abat h néfilé bihfi d é ain , n ,

Wadi arre h d éré t hamin qimatd ér qimét li ‘ t i d mu ad ar v l alé amu ad d imét aw , q q gy g m y q damah ‘ lahm ijl gfisht -i dana ét i gfiséle h khadh rawfit sabzi sébzévi t fi sh i a ah rfiband ashma p , p rd y q

’ ve nge anc e t hé r int-iqfi m int iqi m e r n r aiv é n bar ust ii a ali v a dah t a mah , q p é mad a balq fin

’ ve rbally sbifé han zahawi shiffihan vermin qaml (lic e ) kirm (wo rm s) ; kéhlé- piré h asharét maqulési ‘ kah kfillis h bis zi r ék c h o t ir , y p , q halbah u rah t halabe h nusrét halébé g m s fa h , g , g

‘ ic t u s a mah kh urd ani é é ék ic hé v al t i , y y j é gfiqah j ék m n h r o i n r n re t v. view ( ) a d a ( ma za , aza ’ s c e ne r rai c h s -and é z y) ; i , a hm fikr (opinion) ‘ am a oi e h oi h u s kol é rié j ah ( d ( t ) ; , q h ut s) ; qar kapport ia-ye f a a m u askar 1 y h (pl. q ) vine t isléqah

494 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

aic . E i h . i Tur l ers an . kish ng s Ar b P . io ent s i an sakh t un shid d étli v l had d , kh ] t , d

ziyarat ziyérét ’ ziyézrat kar ziyérét ét mék d an kun isit o r r s and 1119 t musafi v khatta ( . 11 r pl ) ’ awt l awéit éwamz s s s (p . s ) é ramyah sh alik yayilim ‘ ’ ‘ mut atawwa d au- t alab giifiiilhi askér

r ei- r - - d éniz s f ri voyage sefe bah s afar i daryfi, é é

’ kh édh d ar ah rah sfi - in‘ fimék _ , da y akh iidh raft an rau y , e i m a z u li wag (da ly) yé iy h rfi éna, g nd é k (monthly) shahriyah méhiyé na ailiq

hizém kamar bél ist an ar i d man béklémék fi , m n an , yast and h ir “ Wake trans d u id bid ér k n o and irma ( ) ga a , y ga arda , y q kun ' ' e u ss ai ss bid e u‘ uda o anma wak p ba , y b sh n , y q (intrana) sh au k e s im aft an ézmék a n w v. rah r al ( ) m ha , y , g , y ya s h i rau or gardish git mék rd n kun ka a , é i l i ér h y t (p . d w hitén) wanting (miss né qis ing) war arb mu éra an b , h j g bah ‘ W r ou m ambéir l r -e a eh se ( ) (p . amba ‘ ‘ anébin amt i a Warm garm (mo de rat e ly) GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 495

men an rdish i . Ku . Ar i . Syr ac io e nt ourrn sasdi h ma n zarbéna akh v l p , g tiz , zi , z

ma,

s n a t selo ut iun r t r f fid a vi it ( . ) y zya a zia a , q isit v a t selel aa kir f e dlé v ( . ) y zy r t q

’ isit or h our a t se r me h wén firkh fi. v y , y za i , , lou m évé n voic e t zayn dang o n h rat zkout iun sh élik v lley ( 1 ) ‘ o u t r am avor zin aska b -riz éi é d fit fi v l n ee g ( r bekh y , o d r m Wast iné or (s l ie , ) lab bd ilé voyage d z o vaknat sou safar t un d zo v i , ant sq

” ant snel ke d ar av Ch hid hlé ( , d e) k c hour) w e i a - m é a d h fi fi, d é ag (da ly) h q , m z q y mon h amsa a h aiv a é mfi wé ib d - e r ( t ly) g n , h q j y (vart z) h éiva kha m e c h q pisht névt anga sbasel int izér kir h mellé , k ,

’ chaw kir hm e llé art e t s el l min ke trans . z n hish ér kir mu im é wa ( ) , q art nt snel shint ha ' ' zart no ul hish zu bfi imlé min , q art nnal shint h a al l el 15, c an b za rkhish é q p h , lémi c h é n

bad (oi ah ous e diwar or garde n) want ing (mis s bagas mg) war bad e razm shan e n Sh an e , ] g

‘ r ou m t er -not s an ér ma umbérkh é nfi wa eh se ( ) m a b , L z an

’ ‘ r d a er m kh amima Wa m q , j m gar ' 496 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

ai Ar b c .

arn r u é éhi i n ikht iir ét m ék w khatta , y g d da , , khattir d e h khaber vérmék ash trans hassal u shust an sh u i ama w ( ) g , y , i y q q gh assil ash o i ht asal khu r i d é, anma w neself g , y q q aht asil shas an sh u y t , i zam?) ur w ésh ék arisi zanabir) zambfir- e kha r ‘ ‘ st e n d h a a zé i r t m tra s . n r é ék wa ( ) yy , y ka da , is af ‘ yui hayyi or kun ' e t le f ut lif , y ' la as e v rr uk kh arzib r n r ét mék y w t ( . ) kha ab , y ka da kha ab h arrib

t c m a i éh t n zl m k v. rus n s fi é é wa h ( ) ha s , y h g da h a , g , or naa d ér bék ilik ét mék t r , j yambur ‘ t c n saah wa h ( . ) watc h (ou ship) naubah

‘ ac hman nobé c hi didabi n nébét i be k i w t j , j

wate r wat e r- bot t le mast ara

t er- c rrie r Sal wa a saqqa , j wat e r- c l oset abd ést -kh finé wate r -skin sii t ulumu

‘ wat e r- Whe e l né fir d filéb d o lah (for irrigat ion) a e n m6 l am u w v ( . ) j (p . ma j Wai)

ehnaor ihna m 5. biz ‘ ‘ d h aif zaif quvvét siz za‘ if ' e t e n n d aulat mand r w al hy z gi ; ghani zengin , pa ali l a h ni é or mut amarvil (p . g y )

498 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En h Turkish lis . i . g Arab c . e silé si w apon h (pl. esli lah bah )

e r re ss e e s ilbas fishid an eimék 1 w a (d ) l b , y p , g pfi sh ‘ w e ath e r hawa h awé havé we dge ginah mikh qama

‘ ' We dne sday Y6m e ] Chah érsham Charshamba a ‘ rbafi, beh ' ‘ is bli l h at e h (p . f ‘ asébi ) ei trans w n o zin san id an s n t art ma w gh ( ) aza , y j , a j q ei t wazn s n wazn ahirli w gh a g, g q

‘ ' e t mut aéfi kh fib e i well (h al hy) , y , sagh kéfuh z é'n

e n bi r r i w ll ( . ) (pl. abya ) ch h ‘ we ll (Pe rsian né fir Wheel ) we ll - known mashhfi r mashh fir mééhh fir

a r un bat lsl m gh ib g , gharb gh arbi maghribi gharbi m ubelle l oi t ar namnék ashli d a ( , y ( y) t hi n némli is n g) , la m um ir ri m sh t h n b , mat i ( i g) (of d ay) anc he h (t hat né Whic h ) ‘ ‘ W t shinfi shlc m c e 2 ha , , h h ésh hanbah gandum c harkh c harkh c h fin wa t i lemma , q ke h i a m e t a, or y mt a? k i ? ‘ min én az kujat yimt ama har gah Wén én ku é , j

Where ver Wénma. har kuj a GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 499 g

E l h . m ng is Ar enian . a k o z e n c h k s ilé c é, weap n q , h hak

e r d r baknel or bar lweshlé w a ( ess) libas , kir

e t e r ot e hana hawé rfi ér ankha w a h , y g g , jg p w d se b se éna e ge , kam pp ’ ' Wed nesday Ch ore q shapt i Ch arsh amb ArbauSh éba

s h abt ha

‘ e tram s sh rre l ivzi n kish é n w igh ( ) g , e i t shirr n Eish iré ni t u la w gh g , dza , g q rout iun

el t a h e s w l (heal hy) lav, g g akh

’ bir kémi béra e n . h or w ll ( ) , we ll (Pe rsian Ch rh ori aniv Whe e l) ‘ - o wn aad zanot mashh fi r id h i amash fi r well kn q j , , h amvani ' are vm o ud r ru é ma a r q magh ib , j rw , gha b

We st e rn are vmd ian ” wet ad ! c t s s t rt t alfla t ( j ) ha , hil , a , alla t h rc h vad z what

‘ ‘ t nc ah m 7 Wha i h m é. 2 i wh eat t sore n wheel whe n (ad v. ) ye rp

" ‘ Whe n y e rp ? ke ngi ? lman 7

e c e o usdi lakfi zh e kfi min a, wh n , aik ' ' Wh e ne ver ye rp - e v- it se h ar jar kull gaha (1 Wh e re o ur aika

- Wh ere ve r o ur yev it se h arjé, aika d I 500 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS a an . . ersi T i h Ar bic P urk s .

whet h e r or idha. yé or kh fih khéh yé yfikh od au

‘ Wh c h e ° ah u 9 2 a . kud ém i , y y hangi (without noun) h n amc h 1 zi ' w . t é éne h ip ( ) q y , qamchi shalliiq Whirlpool kh éra gird éb

abya51h safi d li - wén bi ku1a e lle d h i ke h , elli me n ke h t ku im t amém bit un h é isi ammam , ll Sal , , p (all) m i l m e n m él- e ki kimifi

lésh c hirfi nic h un

sh air shé éi s r , t n harir féna

‘ ' aridh pabn r -za a malah (pl. biveh n arémil) zfi ah r h zan zan eh éri re j ; ha ma , j q , ha m (Arab) wahshi ; barri bl ah (of fruit ) wahshi ‘ ’ réd h i ré zi gunfillu

h h s u n azanma ghala , yagh g alib h da , q q lib (o ver shau c o e as a m ) ; h s l , yuhassil (gain) hawa bi d ruzgyér ’ r u ich id an ic fir ma dawwa ; y p , p h , q q kfik kard zm d aWWir , kun (a watch) in o sh ubbék ric e én éré W d w da h h , p j rauzan bi- w i i ruzkiérli élli ha a b d , y

sh r khamr mai sh ra aéb , é b

502 GLOSSARIES OF : WORDS

En lish abi ia g , Ar c Pers n . Turkish . ‘ anfi ar bi l n t énfih j h p , qa a ; j (oi army)

‘ shit é wamist ‘ i fin . , q sh t él hadid Sim t él

t e le gréf hb lé t e le g1éf-i- bi t élsiz télé Sim graf ‘ ' ‘ ‘ é il i i il d éna, a lli q , fah m q , q

ad ari h t wis v. r d k as an kh éh ist émék h ( ) , y , wit h (inst ru bi -ilé (sufi x ) ' Lm e nt al) ‘ it e c o a ilé b rfib r W h (a m ma a , wiy é é pany mg)

‘ it r w 1ns1 éb t akhh a bé z uzlét W hd a al h y , i it r s t (m l a y) ga h , aqab nishast an

ith out ré z min- dfin bi bI bid fin- ia ~siz su x W (p p ) , ( fi ) d fi n bi- lé i , (bel ) ss n s i sh éh ld sh fihid ne . i l wit ( ) h h d (p . sh uhfi d ) i ’ b l u fi x (p . g rg

m r r zan nu wo an ha mah , ma ah kha m (lady) , an f in é i l, n s r (p i w ) qad , q W ood (fuel) 1 hat ab hizam Q d un W0 0 d f0 1:e st h z 6r is e nrmén ( ) ;ghaba , b h h

khashab

mj n sfif pash min : yunlu fi

. ; kalimah i e s iiz l . (p . kal m h

kalimét ) ; or n s u ] w k ( . ) h gh wor in ran i ht ahal ’ kér r n ishlémék c h a t a s . k ( ) g , a ka da , , yasht aghfl k lish maq world dunya d unyi dunya bad t ar h féna , 1 ” ada a , ‘ n l bad t- rin én féna a dwa ; a ta , a ‘ e ] ata] S GLOSSARIES OF . WORD 503

i Kurdish S r ac . i Armen an . y ,

t e v el s rr b l , ba k pa a

t zm er ze we st é n

m e d a h at el g , h e rrakir ant e] h e rrakir

‘ ‘ imast oun é il i fahima , q , zana aq l , ’ kh e lat si koné nzi i is v. t sah al khwé z n msh uh élé W h ( ) g , ma wit h (inst ru (not in use b (prefix ) mental) separately) ‘ it o ~ h e d imm W h (aec m gal , lagal pany mg) it r e d ash viI ésh - s mad irt a W hd awal y q , p pa h ' i it r nahanc h e l c 6in bar (m l a y) h , spé sh c hain it o ut arrant z h é d - hé w h (prep ) la ,

it i n ss n . s s b W e ( ) vga. hah d a da

gurg

m ni i in zhin t wo an g g, d g bakh a (lady) wood (fue l) payd q aisé or t and aar h éba awi a wood (f es ) g , b g

prt e gh en zhh eri min amr a rr kh os ét a S62 2 511: t anait h a pa , q g , , , khabra »

‘ work kord z sh ] sh u h ul lkh n. fi fi e mé ( , , k p sbagh oum ’ k intrims ashkh ad e l sh fil kir kéu‘ wor ( ) , kort se l kir ‘ ‘ s r d un é élam d un é world a hkha y , alma , y orse o s e i e s kharébt er e s kharéba w , w r t av l k h , b h ame nake sh 504 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

'

En lish . Arabic . ersian urkzsh g P . T . wort be s is wa arzid an arz imét i it s h ( ) awa , y , q ( wort h is

oun v. rr u arr i zakh m kard an aralama w d ( ) ja ah , y j h , y q kun

o n n ur l. ur za w u d ( . ) j h (p j fih) kh m yat a wound - dre sser~ rabbfit} jurfih marham guzér t imarp wounde d maj rab zakhm yaralanmish khurde h n r s t i - wre c k ( . ) ma kab mad ka h yi mfir habém shikast e h wre ckage kh urd ah é -yi kasht i wrist muc h

e t e h ikt ub navisht an azma k , y , y q navis mi - navis am yazarim mi- me v m yazarsin mi-navisad yazar mi— navwlm yazariz mi-navisid yazarsiniz mi- navisand yazarlar kh fiham yazajagh m navisht t hou wilt t ikt ub kh éhi navisht yazajaqsin writ e ' h e will writ e yazajaq

we shall writ e nikt ub yazajaghiz

you will writ e t ikt ubfin yazajaqsiniz

t h e y will yikt ubfi n yazajaqlar write I “Wrot e anake t ebe t t hou w mt e st int a ket ébe t h e wrot e hfiakét e b sh e wrot e hiya két e be t

506 GLOSSARIES OF WORDS

En l h A ab an is . x ib. ersi Turki g P sh , i we rot e 1 i nake t ébn navisht im az w h a, y d q

yo u wrot e int u ke t ébt um navisht id yazdiniz t hey wrot e h um ket e bfi navisht aud yazd ilar

‘ I d o not writ e ma ikt ub nami- navisam yazmam ' - lh e d oes not ma yilit ub nai ni navisad az writ e - f we d o not 1115 nikhuh . nami navisim yazmaiz writ e ' you d o not ma t ikt ubfin naini— navisid yazmasiniz writ e

- - t he y d o not m e yikt ubfi n nami navi p yazmazlar writ e sand d o yo u writ e ? t ikt ubfi n ? yazar- misini z?

“ r ad ma i alai d o h ru d il o . h év w ng ( j ) sah b, g t g khatiyah (sin) t ol sir émisi h l. yak (p y , g , yukh fit ) t énézzuh vaporu ‘

ard . measure dh rfi, rs in rd . y ( ) a h , ya a

‘

se n l. si l saneh séué ah (p , siniu) ye ll ow asfar zard ‘ i es H n em e e i y a , b ll b l ye st e rday e mbérha d irfi z ‘ et oi t i e bad e n y ( m ) h uz , ‘ e v rt h e hé dh a wu ii d (n e ma hé. j l ess ) ’ lur e nt um - k um sh mai you (p . ) ; u

jawén -kum su x -i- s u § ( fi y h m , ’ - atém (sufiix )

mi l é - - si in - ki our . kum mél i sh umfi, y s , z yourse lf ne fse k khud - e sh um é ke nd iii

’

. a azi t fi i fi, cut z inc n . fi k ( ) fq gy , h t y j gy zone (oi fire) mintaqah mintaqah mint age GLOSSARIES OF WORDS 507

‘ ' we wrot e m e nq kre -f e m niwie t in kt h xilan t sinq ou rot e t ou kre t si biim niwist in kt h filaukh u y w q q, ' t he y wro te anonq kret sin“ wan 111 t i n kt hfilai

‘ I d o not writ e ye s c he m h e r az 11a111w18 1m‘ lak - kat hwe n h e oe s not an ch krer e u nfi niWisa 3 - t d , lak ka hu writ e

’ ‘ “ um 11 niwisin - at h we d o not me ng c h e nq 5, lak k wokh kre t ’ yo u d o not t ouq c h e q lak - kathwfit fi writ e kre t ’ ' t hey d o not anonq c h e n wé n 115 niw1 lak - kathwi writ e kre r sin ‘ ’ d o you writ e 2 t ouq g kre q h fin niwisin gall o kat h ‘ art ioq 7 wut u ad k al n h ro s h fi t a el a. w ng ( j ) khalat , g t

zposanav

‘ rd e sure r kan" az d r ya (m a ) ya da , g a a koun dari Shi t a

‘ ye ll ow ganach zar 4 shafit h a

‘ e s ay o r a ' e y ha é , b lé hé , bal e st e r e re u i d Waika t i e y day y g d h , mm l

’ ’ et oi t i e t err d aavin hézh hizh i h ésh y ( m ) , g , ‘ (ne ve rt h e -r sagayn ye v walau imme d é d hi ' l e ss) aynh eS 5 you (plan ) t ouq ~ akht un

ye rid asart j uwan jwanqa t ze r wa(sufi x ) khu (sufi x )

our t zern t zerinn m éléwa d i aukhfi y s , y ourse t ou in nit t ubikh wa é n y lf q q , _ _ ga ukh t ouq t ze zi Z in t fit fij alé t ut g y , q ya ‘ shrchan odi ard é h n d ukt ha -sh , k S a e d arré 508 NU MERALS

Arabic ersian Tur ish k . . P . wi hid yak bir it h nén d fi

t halét ah seh uc h ‘ arba ah c h ah ér dort khamsah pani besh sit t ah shish alt i ‘ se b ah he ft yedi t hamé niyah hasht sékiz ‘ t is ah nuh d o quz ‘ ashe rah dah o n ‘ id a é sh yé zd e h o u- bir ‘ it h né i sh d uwé zd e h on-iki . t hali t hat sizd e h ou- ii c h ‘ fis h ‘ arba at c hahérd e h o u- d o rt ‘ 5 sh khamsat pfinzd eh ou-b ésh ‘ i sh ‘ sit t ash shfinzd e h o u- alt i ‘ ‘ se b at ash hifd e h 0 n-yed 1 ‘ t hamé nat ash hizhd eh o u- sékl z ‘ ‘ t is e t i sh nuzde h ‘ ash rin bist yirmi wahid wa bist -fi - yak yirmi - bir ‘ ashrin ' t halzit hin Si ot uz ‘ arba in c hihil qirq khamsin panjéh élli ‘ sit t in shast alt mi sh ‘ se b in haft fid yét mish ‘ t hamzinin hasht fid s eksen ‘ t is in ne we d d o q san ’ mi ah sad yuz ’ ' - - mi ah we . sad fi -yak yuz bir ' weihid ’ mi ah wa sad -fi -dah yuz-on ‘ ashe rah ’ mi ah wa sad -fi -yé zd e h yuz— ou-bir ‘ id a é sh ’ 120 mi ah wa sad -ii -bist yuz-yirmi ‘ ashrin

NU MERAL S

d c T r Ar bi . ki h u s .

‘ ’ mi ah wa sad - fi - bist - fi yiiz -yirmi- bir wahid war yak ‘ ash rin ’ mi ah wa sad - fi - si yuz -ot uz t h e li t hin d iwist i ki-yuz

“ mit eh wa d iwist - fi -yak iki- yuz - bir

m it eh wa d iwist - fi - dah iki-yuz-o n ‘ asherah mit em wa- id a d iwist - fi -yaz iki- yuz - o n- bir ‘ i sh d e h mit én wa d iwist - ii -bist iki— yuz - yirmi ‘ ash rin mi t eh wa d iwist - fi - bist iki- yuz -yirmi ' wzt hid wa fi - yak bir ‘ ash rin ' mit em wa d iwist - ii - si iki- yuz -ot uz t hali t h in

’ t halat - mi ah sisad ‘ ’ a rba - mi ah c habi r sad ’ khams - mi ah pause d

’ f sit t - mi ah shish sad ‘ '’ se b - mi ah hafsad ’ ’ t h am ém mi ah has hsad ‘ ’ t is a - mi ah nuhsad e lf hazé r e lf wa- wéhid hazé r- fi - yak ‘ e lf wa- ashe hazé r- fi - dah rah “ e lf wa-id a 53h hazér- u- yaz bin-o u- bir dah ‘ ‘ e lf wa- ash rin hazér- fi - bist bin- yirmi e lf wa- wéhid hazér- fi — bist bm - yi rm1- b1r ‘ wa- ashrin fi - yak ’ e li _wa - mi ah hazé r-fi -sad ’ e lf wa- mi ah hazér- fi - Sad wa- wéhid fi - yak ‘ ’ - 7 - elf wami ah hazi rr fi 3$ad bin yuz o n ‘ wa- ashe rah fi -dah NU MERALS 5 11

i n Kurdi sh: S r ac . Arme nia . y

‘ 121 he t iur q san sad fibist fiyak e mma wisri m e g fikh é

' 130 h ariur ye re sad useh Emma fitlét hi s oun yergou han ur d fisad t rée mma ye rgou h e t iur z d fiead fiyak t rée mma fikhfi m e g ye rgou h ariur d fisad udah t rée mmawiera d asn ye rgou hariur d fisad fi yé zd fi t rée mmaukha d asnm e g d ésar ye rgou hariur d usad {ibist t rée mmaW18 1‘1 q san ‘ ye rgou hariur d fisad fibist t rée mmawisri q sanm e g uyak

ye rgou h ariur t rée mma wi ye re soun t lét hi yere q he t iur t e ll e t h e mma ‘ c hors hariur arbé e mma hink h ariur khamm esh

e mma. vet s hariur e sh sh et e mma yot h ariur e sh wé e mma o ut h ariur t mé née mma ‘ inn hariur t ish fi e mma hazar alpa hazar m e g alpa {ikhi r d as i haza n alpa w sra.

hazar d asnm e g hazar fiyé zd é alpa fikh ad ésar

hazar q san hazéir fibist alpa wisri hazar q sanm e g hazér fibist alpa Wisri ukha uyak hazar hariur hazér use d alpa fi e mme ~ z m hazar h ariur h aér use d alpa. fi e m a m e g fiyak ukha ’ ' hazar hariur haz au use d alpe fi e mma d asn fid ah 5 12 NU MERALS

' Pier an h aic sz . Turkis Ar b . . ’ ' e lf wa- mi ah haz5r-ii - sad bin- yuz - yirmi wa- id awa ii - bist -fi -yak bir ‘ ashrin e lfén d ii haz5 r iki bin t hal5t 5151 ‘ ashrat 5151 dah haz5r on bin ’ mi at e lf sad haz5r yuz bin l t iim ni ri and 2 , sf ya m ; buch u O q ‘ ‘ ’ 2 rub rub c h 5r ak c e ire 1 , y h k b ot h (oi t he m) it hnéne h um har d fi ikisi

nukh ust blrln awwal , p auwal d iiwum

sivum

Q UESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. TI M E AN D P LA CE

Wh ere are you going

- “ Wén t arfi arii lm Arabic . h (t h ) '' e an Ku 5 -rav1d P rsi . j urki h Néré é id i ors1mz ? T s . y g y ’ Our e rt a Arm . g q urd i d r t c in K . Lak a é h r ac i bzalaukh fi Sy i . La ka

Wh ere h ave you come from Wh ere are th ey ’ ’ i 1 t fi M n 611 1 t l. Ara . (p ) a Wén h um ? bic 3 3 Ar bic . ’ e n Az ku 5 mi - 5 id P rsia . j ers an Ku 5 and or P i . j y ? r Néréd én éld iniz Tu kish . g h ast and Oust i e a Arm . y g q r h Néréd é d irl r Tu kis . é ‘ Hfin zhkfi d r t én Kurd . a é Z Our e n . y Arm Min i kit h fit fi S riac . a ka r d aréna y Ku d . Ku Aikailai ‘ Syriac . 2 I am going h ome.

Anar5 i ila-bét i Arabic . y h

Th are h ere . ey - sian Bi- 5ue - i u Per . kh y kh d H m in . u . Arabic h a rav5 m . er ian 1 and or 1n h st s . n 5 a and 5 . i i rim rk h Ev é d o . P j y j Tu is . g y l ’ Turkish . Bur d dirlér. am D ou ert . a a Arm . n g

. H os e n . m5] rd Azé c i . Arm y Ku . h m urd Lhara 5 - . n . r ac 611 hi 5 l it . K Sy i . 11 z la ba ha ac S ri . é i 5 y H la kha . m h m We have come fro o e. ’ He i not th re - s e . i n min bét na Arabic . J a Hfiamfi i an Az 5ue - i- h u 5 Arabic . h n5k Persi . kh y k d ’ an An i e 5 ist . rsi . n P j . da m r E l i h O d d h vd én é d . Turkis . i k é l Turkis . a a y . g

an . . H D o une n e on e h e . Arm . Arm g q i sh m51 5t n. d . N5 lh r d m ur aa a ur . A K y . K h

Lail t kh min baithan. . hu S riac é S riac . Ki y 5kha . y ND ANSWERS 5 15

Wait f r m o e.

I st a dhir - . n ui Arabic . ersian Munt azir-i- a . m n b5sh P . Tur h ni b kis ékl . . Bé é baset se i t . S n z Arm q . mi urd . Bé n e h 5v vak5 K . ac m l l i r H e . Sy i . fi l

Come ith m w e . ‘ ‘ Ta5l 5 - . wi i l t a Arabic y (p . e an 5 mr - - rsi . 5h i man bi 5 P H y . Turkish ni ile él . Be m g . Y e e int z h e d Arm . g q . urd i war K . Lagal m n 5 . ‘

S riac . mi y Hayy5 e m .

G o a way. a c R R bi . u l fi fi . Ar b (p . h ) er an Bi- rau um s P si . ! g hau T rki h Haid é it c u s . g , qa h . H erra t se . Arm . q

urd . 115 11 5 K .

S ria Si . y c .

In which direction

a Min ai r Ar bic . ta f ersian Bi- kud 5m r P . ta af T r h n i t r u kis . Ha g a afa “ Vo r ou h h o ut iam 7 Arm . g g p ' r c i r 5 7 Ku d . La h akh ‘ r Sfib i 3 Sy iac . a ka

‘ In that direction .

a Min d h 5k e - r Ar bic . t ta f ersian Bi— 5n r P . ta af .

Turkish O t arafa, ‘ h A t o u o utiam . Arm . y ghg p a L r kk é. Kurd . avé h S m r ac . ub t 5 a y i S . 2 ' 5 15 QuEsTI ONs AND ANSWERS

’ far ix c ock How is it At s o l . ‘ ‘ Es - s5 ah sit t c Sh ad i i . Arabi . q ba d Arab c ah ‘ - - a - - ? an Bi s5 at i shish a Chi r r ast ersi . . ersi n . 5h P P qada ' 5 ‘ at alt i a Né d r uza dir T urkish . S d . Turkish . qa a q '

ve t sin . Vor ah errou e . Z Arm . q b Arm ham ‘ r n urd . is5 t s s . Ku d . Cha d haya la K B a ha h ‘ ’ " 5 ah b e sh sh et . Kmailé rahfiqa2 Syriac . S

I t is not far ! In th e morning. ‘ i Mfi i 1 - . Bis ab5 Arab c ba d Arabic . s h . er an Dfir nist si . S i er an u . P P si . bh U za d é il 1 Turkish . r h Sab5h1é in . q y Tu kis . y H errou oh e 1 . a a A r v odi n . Arm . ' Arm r N5 iira urd . d u i . K Kurd . S bah i rahfi a m a Bi aré or ada t . La le q Syriac . sp q

’ Two h ours dist nce a . At oon. ‘ n Mas5fat s5 t én Arabic . a . a c Ed h - d huh r Ar bi ; . ers a Bi s5ie - - 8 at 0 7 i n. d u 5 P ma yi , Z ersian u r . P . h D1 8 5 5 1) 1 511 1 . i - i Tur i h O lé n . ‘ k s . y T r h I ki s5 5 t li y kis . ol u . q G e s orin Arm . . Ye r ou zhamva am a Arm . g j p . urd . d R1 ‘at K ur . 5 d fi s5 K . S riac Pal ed uma. y . g ya S r ac rkh a t t t S fl d e 5 é. y i . e

I n th e e enin . Wh en Will h e come v g Bil- e s Yim t a i i . Arabic . y j Arabic m a W5 - an S ni t ers an Kai mi 5 ad ersi . ( ) ; P i . y P hab gh se t Turki h 5u élé ék gh urfib (sun ) . s . Né zem g j ? h mlé in Tur i h Ak sha . Yer i i ka k s . y Arm . p b d ’ I ri van ere o an. Kan é d é ét . , Kurd . Arm g y g y g ' ’ E 5I S riac Iman be d 5t h é urd . V . y . K ‘ a A e rt . Syriac . s

’ At wh at o clock ‘ “ a A_i s5 ah Ver e r y. Ar bic . y a l i at ir ers an Chi a t r . i . w P q Arabic . Bad k h ‘ aili zi d T r 5 at ac h a e an Kh . u ish . r k S q d P si .

~ Vor zhami r ish Pék érkén . n Tu k . Arm . ? ‘ a kh S nou . qamlu 2 Arm . had g ‘

urd . hi s5 at urd zfi . K C K . Galak ’ ‘ ‘ - al fi mae B i s 5 r ac Kabh a fi a. . 5 h S i y a ma Z y , j q l

' Q UESTIONS AND ANSWERS

THE D 3 . ROA

Where does this road go Is it safe on th e road

- - ra c E ar1 amin Arabic Ed d r h 5dh 5 5 d d1 A bi . t t . a b q q

- r ian D5 1 1n 1 5h 5 111n1 5 t e s . li wén . P y

- h Y ol or usuzmu d ur a 1 1 h 5 m1 15 V 5 d Turkis . ersi n. n 5 ku P j . q q n 5 1t io 5 b5 h 0 T r h B11 ol néré é id ér Arm . u kis . y y g Jampa q ’ Arm Our e 1t 5 a s 5 n 5 n e . g y j p é amina Kurd Av 115 kfid 5 1é t e et Kurd . Av r . b ‘ firkh 5 5 111111115 2 r L5 ik5 1112 5 5 d h firkh a S riac . o Sy iac . y Gall

How many h ours is it to Does this road l ead to Arabi c K5 m 5 5 115 . ah f Ara w H e d - d 5 1b be wad d l 11 ‘ b . n s5 5 t -5 st bi Persian . Cha d er ian In 1 5h bi mi - 15 v5 d ‘ P s . h é éch s 5 5 tle Turkis . q q Turkish R1 ol é id ér-mi . y g Arm A S 5 111 15 11 5 11510 1 . 1 1 1 1 ni h e minc h e V Z Arm. Qa z am ‘ t . g e r a n 8 5 5 t h 5 5 15 Kurd . Cha d y “ ‘ Kurd . Av 115 t ebet 15 ac KmaS é it h t a. 2 S ri . ' y riac o iz 5 h fi rkh 5 l Sy . Gall k a d

Take me to

Which road lead s to Arabic; Wad d1- ui 115

- e an M5 1 5 bi bi b5 1 . Ara Y5 1b rsi . bic . d 5 be wad d i li P

Be m é 5t ii r. ersian Kud 5m 1 i Turkish . g P . 5h b 1111 Dare int z mi nc h e v 15 V 5 d Arm . q

9 Kurd . N18 h 5mi n bed é 15 Turkish . n i l 5 i i éha g yo d n g t mél . ’ ‘ iac N5 ubelli l Arm Vor S r . . janp5 n g ert a Z y Kurd Chi 115 t c h t ? . e 15 Wh ere is th ere drinkin ter on th is re r ac Ai ur z g wa Sy i . m5 kh aki 5 1 a c Wén e l- m oi is - s Ar bi . l h ’ h 5 dh 5 t —t 5 11q Which is th e sh ortest way an D 5 1 1n 1 5h 5b - i- kh Persi . Arabic Y 5 d 5 1 b r 5 u 5st . ag ab d n1 k 1 ' ersia Kud 5 m z 1 - ol- ic hilé k n. 1 5h n5 d k t ar h B1 P Turkis . y da jé ‘ ‘ ast 3 néréd é dir Z

Turk h E i a isi ir h m elo c our is . u ss ol h n d Arm Our k u q a y g . h Arm Vor e 5 me n5 5 1 a s 5 u on v15 . n g j jam y j p 5 n K5né 5 V é p Kurd . M d Oh 1 11 é nézikt e ra ‘ bvi 115 K . S ria Ai 5 i15 111kh5 e s 1111 Aik5 i15 i m5 r ac . y c. m b h Sy i y t ha? QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS 519

Is it acam r el oad Is it only fit for men on foot Arabi E - ar1 c . m uw5fi 11 Afabic 11115 fa a t t q q ] . q t muw5fiq lil im 51 j me shi er ian E5h -i- s t ast s . u u1 ersian F5 5 5 z P h P . q t b5 1 5yi piy5 Tur ish Dévé o - mi d ir k . y lu d ag5u kh fibast Arm h di e 5 1t io . Ou g jampa g Turkish . Yalini z y5y5 n giden K r A 1 - u d . V 1 5 be h sht r b5 sh 5 e e léré e yi mi d ir

S riac Kkh askh a 5 d h fi rkhat a. A m y r . Mi t h e mi5 yn h e diod n gfi mlé mart ot s h 5 1 m 5 1 e Kurd s it only amule road . Av ré bas pay5 15 S ria Ara c 111 5 15 i - c . o h as kkh ashkha t a bi . 1151; 11bagh5L? y Gall ' er an Fa a 5 z 5 5 i n5sh é 1 5 kh 5shé P si . q t b 1 yi q 5t 1h 5 kh fibast

Turkish Y alini z at ir o u-mi r . q y l di Arm Mi5 n c h orii 5 m 5 e . y j p ' 5 1t io A 1 Kurd . v 1 5 5 8 b5 h e st e 15115

S riac G5 110 fi rk - l y . had kawe d h né a fibass

4 . A VI LLAG E OR TOWN What is this place called Wh ere is th e post Arab a 3 118 111 1 115 5115 15 5 15 ? Ara c Wén e - s i 9 1 1 bi . l po t akh 5n5 h ? e 1 1 ah l m1- u 5 nd P rsm n. B 1 5 ? 3 1 g y e an ost ? P rsi . P kh 5neh kuj5st O c hi d 5rad f Turkish . Post akh 5né néréd é d ir T r h Eu e11n i s m m d ll‘ u kzs . e ? y Ar m . Our e m5 1 o n5 5 d ounn ’ g Arm I nc h be s g eoc h w ays Kurd . 1 55 5 115 115 11 15 15 1 (15 h n g ré “ ' “ y Kard q5 ve 5 17 5 1 aoh 15 1 S ’ m ‘ 11115 115 OS akhanah y P t ° S riac i s i (1- 5 11 d fi ~ y . M le h mma 11 k ‘ t h 5 2

Sh m h o e t e te egraph oth ee . How many h ouses in this village w l ‘ ’ 5 m 11 - e ? Arabic u - ui 5 1 - e e Arab c K bét 1 e . 5 t t 1 1 5 i . b l d D ll g f

ers an D 5 1 ih d e h c h 5 nd kh 5ne h kh5 n5 h . P i . ersian Te le h r5f — e - 1 d 5rad P . g kh5u 5 h B1 i c bi- m 5 n ni sh 5 bi- i 1 Turkis . 5 e év v5 r ? n d h d k d qa h . - Arm ani d ou 5 a s kiu hin Turkish . B5 n5 t élé hraf kh 5né i . Q n g y g g y st 1 me c h g5 é .

Kurd Ch 5 d 5 a. 15 V1 Arm . Our e h e 11 5 k15 d o . n un m l hay n . l h 1 gund Kurd . Te e g 5f kh 5n5 h nish5 a - - min e S ri K b5t e 1t h b 5 dh m5 . y c . ma b da ‘ akh z li l t ha S riac . M é t e e h 15f kh 5n 2 y g 5 . 20 N AND NS Q UESTIO S , A WERS

Is th ere a teleph one office h ere Wh ere is th e inn

‘ Akam 5 1 5 1t alffin in ? r W511 e l- Kh 5n ? 1 1 h a A abic . ers an 1 t f 1 ar5i i . 11 5 ele fin d 5 5 d P erszan Kh 5n k5rw5 ns P j . ( , Tur h B rd t él f r i 5rkh 5ne ku 5st kis . u é on ch 5 a me kez p h) j , ‘ V 51 111i T h Kh5 n néréd é (111 2 ? urkis .

Arm H os h e 115 t 2 5 a. Arm r 6 ot e vann . n Ou y g . 5 1t io K Kh 5n l5 ud 5 1 é 5 q ? urd . k y

Kurd . T on kh 5n5 h 15 h 5 15 S riac Ai 5 i15 h 5 n ? elef y . k k

r We are going to stay thé nigh t h e e . S ri ac 1t h 5 h 5 fikt h t t r y . k d a élé ‘ - l in A a c I b5t e l lé ah . r bi . ion 2 n h a - ersian I m shab in 5 mi m5n1m . P . j Biz é é urd Turkish . g j b a i j ay z . Arm shern . Ki urd v v 5 m 15 h é15 K . A sba a h h 15 15 1515 11 Syriac . Bd rfik ék 5

5 A1 A IVER . R What is this river called ? Wh ere is the hearest bridge ? ‘ ‘ Arabic Shi ‘ - Am in o Wén 5 5 isr P sm h . b . . e l shatt 1 g1 j an I rfi - P ers an Ku 5 ersi n d kh z . d m ul n z d 1kt 5 P . 5ne h ch i n p 5 ra 9 5 st d5 d . ' Turkish Eu irm a Turkzsh En en o iu 11 . gh en ismi né yaq k p ‘ ‘ i ir 7 d r 2 d . ’ Ar I n rm Our 6 ame am m o b s . n od . h e g goch vi ays A ke du ourebi Kurd z Kurd . Nav a . e 1kt er r1 15 1111 é 51V hia, v . q N p

S riac Milé s i - ré a y . h mma d 5d h y ‘ 2 S r ac ail i i néh 15 y i . Aik é g shra 5u b s q 5 11W5 How d eep is th e river ?

Araic h ad u - 9 b . S e sh s q gh mq hatt . an Ru ersi . d kh 5ne T ke me th ere P h c hi q5 d 5 1 a . ‘ ‘ 5 1111 ast 3 Arabic Wad d - mi 1i- in5 q . i h k . Tur h S1 n kis . é adar d ri é n d ir P ex swn M5 1 5 5.11 5 bi bar q . j .

Arm . Vore h a kh or e a s ke n? Tur i h ni or5 o k s . 5 t iir _ p y d Bé y g . Kur d . V1 5v c n 111115 or Arm H o d are zis ha d . n q . 111 5 1 1 5 . 1 Kurd . L5 5 11 r mis 5mi , da é h ‘ r m S iac . K ailé 11 5 dh e 5 y am qa b d , néh ra? S r a a lli - m i c . u e 1 t 5 a y N b .

522 QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What lies on th e other side Is it far to th e mouth

‘ ‘ Ar Esh - fi 5 15 h e dh 5k e 5 - s bic . Fis d 1 li e a Ara c r s. s bi . h q ad sfib n C111 5 ac e or sh 5 111 z ki ersia . P er n A 1n 5 5n 5 P 3 (pl ) sm . j j (cit y) d ar 5n 135 15 1 ast ? d ary5 mi- 11Z 5 d d i1r f r h U t é t 5 15 1d 5 né V 51 i i z - mi Tu s . u a ki Turkish . Cha aghz q Arm nc h d e h e t imat si rm Ke da e rann h e rrou . I g A . p goghmn 5 rt io q rd a e arafé chi h 5 5 Z - 5 5 d Ku . L v t y h h 1 v1 av c r M5 it h l5n b515 khinna a d 1 ra Sy iac . h bré G 5 110 rahfiqt aila min 5kh 5 hul d 5 w1 5 d h néhra1-y5m 5 ?

6 U N IN OR HILL . A MO TA

Wh at is this big mountain called Wh at is th e easiest way up th e hill ’ ‘ - - b 1 5 1 - 1 it - e Z Am bit Shism 1 e e e l k5 1 Arabic . Y5 d b 5 3 h 5 l . j b l ( ) t ll ersian In kfih -i- u ur chi 1111 ersian Bi— kud 5m 1 5h bi- 5s5n1 P . b z g P . gfiyand mi- t uw5 n bi- q1111e - yi- 5n h B1 bu iik d 5 hin ismi k1 h 1 5 3111 Turkis . y g n d ir h Yu 5ri 5 én ( 0 15 1 é Turkis . q y 1 ’ Arm I nchbes och vi a s han isi ir . g g y g fl

m e d z 1e 11 11 Vo n ~e 5 m e n5 h e shd 5 Arm. r j urd N5V é vi c h15 in 0 1115 5 n t e b lourn K . maz - p i p ‘ 11é s i d - 5 dh i1ra Ch1 ré 5 s5nt i15 15 8 5 113 S riac M Kurd . y . h mma t ‘ r5b5 2 c h 15 i c Aim5 115 1 rkh a ai be Syr a. s5n5h1 t ad 5 sqokh 15 $1115 How high is th e mountain ‘ Ara c E8 11 e 11 e - e e 1 bi . j j b r ian In kfih c hi- adar buland Pe s . q Is it er stee 5 3 1; v y p ‘ A a Ta e -hu 5 w1 e h Turkish D5gh né qad ar yuksék r bic . l t q y ‘ er ian Khaili 8 5 1 - 5 -b5l5st 3 d ir ? P s . k d ik dir ? Arm Vorc ha 5 1t z1 e a s Turkish . Pé mi . p p y had zarrive r e 5 1t i0 16 1111 ? Arm. S q i za mat a 1 ch 15 ch an bilind a Kurd . h Kurd . V d Galak ‘ ‘ 5 b115 5 s 5 11é 2 S riac Kmailé r5ma5 d h 1111 5 Y S riac . o k y . 9 y Gall q QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS 523

1 Yes but th ey cannot be got do n on the I s it dangerous , w ide oth er s . a c 111 5 mukh ir Ar bi . t ‘ Arabi c 1511111 m fish u r-n5k ast . Na am , m m Persian. Khata kin t anzfl — h um 111111 135 1 1 or ulu mu d ir Turkish . Q q -t h 5ui e t h . Vd 5 nk5 vor e art io ? Arm . q ersian B 5 5 5 z 5n 55 1 5 1 P . ali , mm 1 d Kh aar t ed 5 . Kur . t haya ’ nami sh 5 V5 d 5 in riac o mar d arak ile p Sy . Gall

5 Vard an .

r h Evv ét 5 5 6t é 15 1 5 1115 Tu kis . , mm

indiriléméz .

m A o at s c h e are li Ar . y , p y g zanonq V 5 1 ic h et sne l m mius gogh n. h ac Can one get up on o se b H r 5 1111115 5 m nik511n r k Kurd . a é , ‘ a c Mumkin e l- 5 i u la 155 V e re fé W5n akh Ar bi . W h d y t t l ‘ ’ i 1 5 kib 2 W51 be st in n . ‘ an Suw51 mi- sh avad a Nam 1115 laiban d - man Persi . r ft , ‘3 At - ilé c hikilabilirmi kht h ukhlai m5 u b515 Turkish . i re i e ve r a r Tz iov art o kh e um . A m . q ga l e lnel k5 rin bechim 15 35 1 Kurd . Am t b e sw5 11 Are th ere several W5 ys down 7 G 1b5 n as okh b - raka 3 S riac . q Arabi c 1 1 1111 im15t n5 2 15t y allo . j Wfit h a A 5 c h and 1 5h bi- a111 ersian . P y , p d 5rad

T r ish As h 5 hi a. bir ac h u k . g y q yol V5I 1111 rm Art io s 5 m 5 ne r A . q had 1 p gan t e bi V 5 1 K rd G 5 15 11 115 h 5 5 1vé1é u . y Can 1h e guns be got up iac a o 1t h kabire 111kh5t h 5 S r . G ll ‘ y Mumkin e - 5 t e a Arabic . t taw p tl 111111h 5t h 5 ers ian Tfi - h 5 - r5 mi - sh 5 V 5 d P . p 5nj5 burd T r To lar 11 511 5 Chi r Are th e e any obbers about u kish . p y q y ka r r 115 bilirmi A1111 15 1 5m1 5 h Arabic . 1 y Arm Art io re i e t nt anot e ian D 5 1 111 5 - h 5 u d 5rad ? rs . . q ga l P j d zd v r e] Et rafd a irsi V 5 1 mi ne rn e han Turkish. kh z

Kurd . Am i 51in 6 5 15 S5 1 Arm Avaza ne r an 5 1tio a s d k t p . g g q y h elinin gogh m e rn iac o 1115 - m s kh S r . 11 d a fi 6 Kurd Diz h 5 5 y Gall q t . y at h a r ac a o it h 5 n5 wé p Sy i . G ll g 52 4 QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS

FOREST

How big is th e forest Can mounted troops get through the forest

- Ara c Esh e e - bi . u r I h 5b z rabi c Mumkin 111kh 5 1 51 k b g ( A . y 5 ‘ ' 2 61 t 5 b 11 l- h e z - ) ' 1 e g 5b ( zfir) ’

i 1 b sh o an al - - - ers an. 11 eh r c hi ersian ush fi i 51 m t a P i ( j g ) P . Q n suw j 1 ad ar b - ast q uzurg W5n5 d 5 z bish e h bi T r m 5 d 5 1 u ki h. 0 1 n é u u s 5 n q b y k guzarad dir Tur h Orm 5nd 5 suv5 ri c h kis . n gé é Arm And arrn rcha me d z . vo p b1111 mi e Arm H e d ze lazor rna5 1t io . q g q Kurd V h 5b5 h c n in . A g ha d maz a? ant snel 5 nd 5 11 1m e c h e n?

S riac . Km 5 115 1 5 bt h 5 5 d Kurd Dik511n s 11 h y h . uw5 dec in ‘ h5b5 g 3 111175 vi gh5b5 h S riac 1hai 1 5 15 5 3 - 11 y . 1 Wé 11 1 b 5d gh 5b5 1 How wide is it ‘ ra ES11 ardh -h u A bic . ?

ersian P5 h n5sh c hi- 5 d 5 1 P . q buzurg - ast

’ h é a r énish d ir Turkis . N q d 5 g ? a 5 Arm . Vorc h 1 n e ’ p y Yes but I don t th ] one an et th rou h , in; c g g u ; Peh néwi 07 fe 11 5 héw1 K rd ( ) with th e guns c 5 ? hand ‘ 111 m Arabic . 15 11 5 5 zunn m5 11 h ha Na am, Syriac . K 5 pet yfit h e 0 35 117 5 ) t 5 11 t t; 1 1 . P ersian B5 11 5 5 um5n nami . , mm g -11un5 m 111t fi bi-1 5 V 5 d p p . Wh ere does th e road go through th e forest Turkish Evvét 15 5 t aun ét mém . , q z W5n 5k1 d 5 1b bil- h5b ‘ Arabic . i é c hil bilir g 111 t op l gé é . - biz z61 ) 2 y o t s c h e m ard ze r ( A , p5 y g an 1 1 5h 111 5 z 5 n 5 1 mi e i . 11 P rs j g gare li e t nt anot nerov uzarad ku 5 m1- 15 V 5 d ? g j 5 nt zne l m e ch e n . h Turkish . B1 q rm 5nd 5 n éq én ol i 1n , H5 1 é 5 5 16 5 n k51 Kurd . g y , mm 9 9 néré é i r y g de h e chin . ’ a am a 5 ‘ ' Arm . Our e n n Nam 1115 15 11z5 1n1n fi S riac . g rt j p y , : t ’ rri m e c h e n ai ri da p5t h 5 ib d 5 u . r bvi h b5 h 15 k11 d 5 1 é Ku d . Ré g 5 y5 A1 5 115 111 115 b -5dh h5 Syriac . k 11 g ba

526 Q UESTIONS AN D ANSWERS

9 N U I RI ES B U . I Q A O T TROOP S

Have you seen our troops What sort of troops and h owmany are they

‘ a - a hu t asékir na, . Esh shike l aske wa Ar bic S f Arabic . r e s an ush fin - i- mé ré i -id P r i . Q d da ‘ ’ s rimizi or z Tu k sh . A ké d im u P e s an h l ur sh h . C u fin c a r i g r i J q , ‘ mii nafar 3 ‘ D e sa art io m r z or . e Tu h d u ask k s . ur r dir Arm q q r i Né l e , ‘ qe ru ad d é né qadar ‘ ' As r m a it . kaet é t d Ar c d sa zor e Kurd m. In h e g q r y ‘ o kh zél s r Syriac . Gall ékh a ka di qani had ye n ‘ an K rd Chi t 6v askarin fi c ha y y . d in ‘ Mai t fikh mad - askarilai Syriac . D u kn h h o yo ow w ere t e troops are wukmailé miniénaihi

‘ ‘ T r Wén e l- aske Arabic . a af r e s an Mi- d énid ki sh . u fi ku n Fi e th ousand th caa and uns . P r i q v , wi v lry g é st ‘ ’ j Arab Khams at alfif ma 1-kha ic . ‘ i As kéri n r u k sh . n é éd é old u T r i l h a - awé yé a w t t p . hunu bilirmis1mz ' g P e s an P n hazér bat suwér r i . a j , Kid e art io r Arm . q q ou yen fi t p . m er zor ern q h B sh bi ar suvarl 1 u k s . é n v ‘ T r i , T t zéni as a la Kurd . u k r kfi d a t e plar . ré a - y H nk haa h e d ze lazor x ‘ Arm . i z r , G adh -ét aikaila as Syriac . allo y v e v t nt anot nerov q o y . kar P e n hazér suwér 6 5 . Kurd . j mp ‘ r Kham sh aal é mm ed Sy iac . p i arl é fi é ét h a Y s aw h em th sw . e , I s t by e wood . y t p

‘ sh ui t hum . ar Arabic Na am , g i H ow lo h ae th e een th e e e l- h éb e z - zér ng v y b r g ( ) . e an i fi -h é - rfi -i A a c Kam 6m le hum s . n bi P r i Bal , dam r . y baqa b sh eh d d hinék i i am . ' Ev t i ‘ z c hi a b e h h . v m a i e A ii fid Tu k s é or zm n n nd a P rszan . r i , y w gt a ord ii m and g . ' a it - d an- b ri or A o n i mo Tu kish . v é . n d d esa Arm y , a da r Né q ada ‘ zanon d irlér 2 q . H r m a aw Ye r e n i ver h o en . én né . n Kurd a é , dit Arm p y ' ziké h ébah t hi akh t W5 n lav vi . g . Kurd w ‘ Nam ke mkh é ze nnai or d aréna Syriac . q ' bad - et h h éba i Min imanilai i me ? gl g . Syr ac . t Q UESTIONS AND ANSWERS 52 7

n I n which direction h ave th ey march ed Take me to th e Colo el . — - i i mi ila mlra,la. a . W a M in 6 a ré fi Ar bic add Ar bic . b rf h r a r ish ~ i~sart i bi P e s n. a Ri- u aa rawéneh i Ma a p p P ersi n. k dam t r f

bar. sh ud eh -and

B miri lé a ét iir . Turkish . h Hah i ih ét é harékét éni y g Turkis . g j i e d in Dare z s knd ab . ét dilér Arm . q i h é . Pésh é ir m n or o h m ale t sin ? Kurd m alai Arm . V g g q ‘ b n a. ach arafé c h é e n 2 i Kurd . L i t y - - au e lli l ébe d m r . G fib i aaf Syriac . N b g i alai Syriac . allo s a ma t r zellai fr m ur G ne a I h ave aletter o o e r l . ‘ i And makt ab mi n mu Arab c . i sh -na ir .

e an aha d éram az sard ar. P rsi . K g zi oménd é nimizd an bénd é Turkish . Q Wh e e is an offi cer r i m fi ar b r ékt b V .

Wén e d h - d bébi ama o unim m e r or t Arm . N g z a ib - rrian abi k s e e é u éi t b d n . Persian . S h s j ? ‘ ‘ Z ébit néréd é di l? 3 Ké h azak zh sar aska u k sh . T r i Kurd . g a a Our ami sba réma e min h a. Arm . g l g l y ‘ Z ébi , lakii d aré a it h i i kh a kt hé wa Kurd . t y Syriac . mm ‘ r Aikailé ab in se aske d an Sy iac . z it m r r iy .

F OD AND DRI NK 10 . O

am h I un r sh to eat am th rst sh to dr nk. g y, I wi I i y, I wi i

‘ Ana O an ri sbé Ana ash én ri - li sh é J , a d Arabic . t , a d ’ b é kul ish ra . .

e s an Guras h -afn ~ ish ne h - am mi - kh fiham . m kh iiham n T ne i P ers a . P r i , i , i- k i- h am b h am b nfis . ur .

urk sh ar im ach ir fis zim su leh mék ist é . n é é ék b Tu k sh . S u T i Q , y y j r i ,

sh e ist rim rim . i é . ’ m avi m . t i z ar e khme Ano e m oud el ou e . Dz Arm y , g Arm . y , l ’

. AZ b rsima ma. t isht k ze m e a ou . Kurd , g t vét Az t éh nim vakhwan ne . Kurd . , K i - t ét naiwin kibain d akh ma v . p , 1m ai kibain d -sh n . i ih Win . a Syr ac S y , ti ’ 52 s QU ESTI ONS AND ANSWERS

Wh ere can I get food Haire you enough for 9211mymen ‘ ‘ - e A abic Wén a a i] e l e kl ? Arab c . And k sh é afi r . h ss i k li

- e s an Az ku ami t awé nam A P r i . j ? e an A i az bari i h e m e id un P s . kh urd ani pa fi, k am r i y , y

‘ T h Néréd é é é ék bfilabi ad amhé - i- afi urkis . y y j y man k ]irim rid ' ' f rlérimi h é i sm e Oui rnam oud eli Tu k sh . é é n Arm . g q r i N p kd nal t éjék qadar V ar- mi ? 1 ‘ Aft io z aaana Te sht ak b6 kh Wériné . v Kurd . Arm q p g z id oune olor ma o lakfi d aré a pa é. q p rt t bikim h amar ?‘ a sh S ac o min kh ii zin . Laalt a ha e yri . Gall aika Kurd g y t t kham i t a khaa h ammfi mérémin ind i l ' S r ac o it t okh mi i y i . Gall nd kmélé t a kallai ‘ nés di ?

Innk e ant amea e e we . p r, w l Is th e water good here an ' A a c Ya. kh nurid e kl b . . r i ji , A a c l- m o i h na r bi . E tayyib i ' an — kh ahim i i i e s . b P r i Mi ch z e s an Ah d ar in ét khfib - ast ? P r i . j kh fi rim . Turk sh Bu e sfi u e i i . r nin y y Kh é n l ém k is Tu k sh . é t ériz r i j , y . dir Bant o abe d e ra our Arm . g , Ch ourn art io lav e h g g Arm . q o z n ‘ g u e q AV lah érakhwash aZ Kurd . hauchi m a e sh t vét ‘ Kurd . K , t t . i o d - et kha1 a Syr ac . Gall maya S ac Khanch 1 kibokh khaa ‘ yri . , i l . délai Z

Have you fresh 'eggs

‘ ‘ A a c ” And kum t ézi a r bi . baidh G e me someth n t° d i k iv i g r n . e s an Tukhm -i-mu h -i-t é ze P r i . rg ‘ ' A ab c A ini sh é sh ah d érid r i . t i r . ' e s an} C i i nfi shid ani bi- in h Té zé umurt aniz P r i h z an Turkis . y bi dibi d ' Tu k h n ic h ék bir sh e V ér Art io o n t he s . é . u e r i Ba a j i Arm . q q

i 0 Kh me l mi a d ve . hav t Arm . ou n q g ? i ‘ laal sh 6 algh r n . 1 h ékzi wah Kurd . Te t ak b v wa é hé Kurd N g i o i m n be d a. ac t t aukhfi S ri . all ' ' y G a li mindi t asht é a rand é n o. al kha Sg H y .

530 Q U ESTI ONS AND ANSWERS

11. BI LLETS OD G I NG AND , L STAB LI NG

ant uar s for 50 men I w q ter . Wh ere is th e owner of th e h ouse

A abic r mak - . én kh étir A a c W6 e r A id li r bi . 11 s5hib I be t kham s n ne ier ‘ ‘ . e an -i- e h i s . 5 b inkh5n u 5 st P r i S hi k 1 . P er ian Az a an éh s . urk sh EV s5h b ré bar yi p j adam T i . i i né d é - ma. n mi kh éham . Ar r ' zil m . Ou e ays d an d e rn Turk sh E éf r r . n é chun é Kurd Kh d 5né m l la fi i lli i y . u vi 5 k ist érim . d aré a7 y . Ar m . i H soun ma h amar S r ac Aikailé m -ah ai rti y i . 5re d d b ’ h o ze m ‘ e u . d g g t h e. 2 ‘ Kurd . Az ard d ikh wfizim bf) e p nji zalam . S r ibain d y iac . K fikt hat akham

shi nésh é.

L ht th e fire ease . ig , pl

‘ A ab sh a e - 5r G e me etter ua c ; n n . iv b q rters. r i I l ' P er L fa 5t sh 1 bi fr z ‘ ’ sim ut n a 5 a ii . A abic A maket a sa . n u n r ti i h . Tu k sh Kérém ét at éshi a . r i . , y q P ers an Manzili biht ar az i . in b i Arm Haet se a e . j g gragn v rr l . man bi- dih . m ' i K r kara ét a 5 . u d . B il , g b ka Tu k sh bfind an i bir r . n e é r i Ba a y y ac Kmar n min okh e W S . n yri p , ver . a nfir . Ar m. A e lav d e h i t z v li g d ve q n . K ‘ urd . Ard khwalsht er bf) min

b e da . S ac Ha ha a . d fikt be sh yri lli t uta. n n r 6 h or I wat stabli g fo 1 ses.

a c Yilz am -li m akéin kha Ar bi . t Hae ou f n m arters e ‘ y ou d e qu y t ? - v zerabét li sit t ash ‘ A a H a alt -li maké b c . n e an r i ss 2 P rsi . ’ i i- m e s a Manzil az arami m awile h m kh 5ha . P r i n. b y an t hanii z aid a h - at 51; c hu 5 k u fi. k d e i h O n P r d Turkis . u l i i h ki h Bizim i c h i rim u s . un l: st é T r yé d aha. . ‘ u d u mu 2 Arm Dasnvet s t zu hama b l n . r ' '’ Arm t z ham r1 0 o ze m I n a d e 5 o u . . r gh kd aq kh ‘ t h e oc h Kurd Ard b6 sh 5zd 5 as d ikh v . p a‘ Kurd . T ar ma i 1m W5 z . d b6 pad é. ke ri ? S ac G allo kh zélokh fikt ha yri . d i QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS 53 1

ar oin t Thanks we ant noth n mo e. C ea th ose h ouse s ; we e g g o , w i g r l r

uarte our men in th em. ’ q r Arab c Mimnfi nin m5 h e hér i . , rid g Farri h eLbu fit h e d shé g y ; ri . ' il 1i 51na. b nune zz i a. e s an u - i-sh um 5 zi 5d a _ j f P r i . L tf y , dig r ’ e s an Ah kh 5ue -h 5 -r5 kh 5 i i nad 5 rim P r i . l c h izi l5z m . kun mi- kh 5him u sh Téshékkiir éd érim bash 5 ; T rki . , q 5 dam -h5 - i kh ud - r5 i h e ist émé iz y b r s i y . bi- ih 5 11 5 m d im . Arm Shno rha alo ut iun a e j anzil . g , v li Sh u évlérd én éh 5li i o zer Turki sh . y 5 11 c h e nq u . c hi 5 r néférat imiz i 0 1 5 hukur lat esht ak q , , di

da. t rt aahiz na o u j . haujani . g A Ma ret se a t d oune rn S iac Sh akrinnokh lak san okh rm. q q y yr . , q amont s m e c h - i kh e nn idi l mind a. b d e ghavore nq mer mar t i n q . Kurd V5 n m515 kh51i amé . bika , mérékh walavéd aré dai Te all eo e not to be arad nin . ll p pl f i . ac Msa ii a b5 té ~ S r . n b ed A ab c l 1i - y i pq , r 1 . u 11 n5s 15 akh f Q y 5 fi . mat wokh n5 shan b - a~ e s an Bi- mard um i- g P r i . b fi na g Wah t ars an i i . d . Bit un éh 5liyasoilé q orq mazsinlar .

Arm Ame n mart o t s . ase q vor ’ c h a h a v k n n . Kurd B6 hammu kha . lq khabar 115t e rsi bida n . S iac Makhbe r ll i - yr . ku a n5sh é d la a i I s th ere smallpox in this village z d .

A a Ak 1 - r bic . a3 d1 i fil be le d ers1a11 Dar in d e 5b e h d P . h il 5 1 5 d ? u Bfi k id i k sh . o é c h c h ék has T r i k t a, Wh ere is there some clean water b V5 1 mi ' lig i Am b1c A am i ? . k o ne d h if Arm z h . D ag gakhd ga art io q e a A — - ‘ s n . h i 5k k11 5st ? P r i p j a, ys kiughi m e c h 2

° Tu k sh . Témi z sfi néréd é bulumar? Kurd Awlek 01 ri r i . ( kh fi ) lav rm A . Our ama our c h ou iind ha g q r g ya. K r ‘ u d . Lakfi r 5v kh wash S rwc G allo it h shal da é y . q t) (or h a a. y shikh na) b 5 d h S ac . Ai it h m5 ran yri ka ya. d e t ha 532 QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS

'

Teil me the h ouse ere th re are sie men. Is it e e sh here 9 wh e k f v ri , ' rab c Akh bir 11i Wén e l ésh e l s h h fi - ké A i . a fi e l h Arabic. Aka; k ° a m ‘ 1e ! 1h i 11 mad h d h 5 5 5 r a. 115 3 M5 1 5 kh 5ne -r5 nish 5 e rsian. 11 n P 5 0 0 0 A d eh ki mard um - i- 115 15si sit m5 li 111i dir Tuékegshi Bu kh ush d am 5n 5 h a Avr Art o c h e m o d h j m. i q r d eg

st and . h Turkish . I c ind é 11115 3135 ulu h b nan t r 1 1 it h 5t ha b -a vi n iis l 3 11 . é ba a g é . 11 416 65152 h s ’ Arm sat se int z a n d oun n ( 511 ? . A q y 1 1115 0 111" h ivant mart iq an g . ‘ K rd Ard é 115s5kh 5 ish mi u . n 5 n

e . b da Is it h ealth y h ere Makh zéli diikt had -it h b5 a c H 5 W5 h el m5 k5n Ar bi . tayyib an 1n 5 s5 i ast P ersi . j l m h avési e i Turkis . h y mi d ir Arm Art ioq arrogh ch de gh h os Kurd B5yé vi 5 t akhW5 sh 5 ? riac 615 110 1 15 115kh d 5 d h Sy . 1 i 9 t h 5 rand alé .

STRANG ERs on SU S PE CTS

’ h t Don t move from the sot . Stop ! or l shall s oo ? p ' - 5 at ah arrak mi A a c O af 5 iii5 idh rabe k Arabi c . L bi . r g , W t ' bi—itasf - - ‘ Z 1 ki ti ersian Ri i t wa1115 1311 mi P 5 35 5 A 5 . hag P s , , m

and 5 zam .

1 5 5 n imild 5 nm 5 . h D r ! o sa at ésh Turkish . 0 d T111k1§ . u y q q ° ‘ rm Mi sharzhip d e h e d e dérim A . g ’ ’ ch sh 5 rzhi d e G et s ! e h e voc h zar 3111 . q Arm. eq y t g ( 9

he nne ( l. ne m . d p

1 Z h d af é n5 c h 5 . or 11185 11111115 Kurd . vé Kurd Rawust 5 . ; ( ) ' 115 11 1 min d ii m S ac . L5 11 ; y5n az t akuzhi . ym 1 11

1110 1111 . H mol 1115 bed m5khin . Syriac. .

534 Q UESTIONS AND ANSWERS

You are a s Tak 11 our e py ! e 0 y b lt. i e m t Fukk z5m k. i Ent a5 3 5 8 1 . h Arab c . 1 A bi - K5 m 5 1b5 nd kh u 1 ersian J 5 8 118 11 r a . d P . Pe si n i 5 i én 5s fis si bar d r d . Turkish . S j n i i i hi ar a sh c . Arm e e s e ! Turkish . Q n q . q y

a et se t zer kod n . i . Q Kurd . Tu j5sfis ! Arm g q i Pisht ét a or ia Gash fish aiwet . ( Syr c . Kurd Vaka kam

rét ad 5 1n5 ) .

S i shib5 okh . Syriac . hr q

If you beh ave you will be safe . ‘ l d e i i aék Ar bic . Idha m sh t tayy b , m 5m 5 .

a bi ur- i- m Persian . Ag r ta ' ' ’ r t 51 uni Z 5 15 1 1 af k , You are un arrest ’ der . - k h 5 i n5 h 5 d ras d . 5 1 15 118 A a c Ent t t . r bi . h 1 a a r h E ér é i Tu kis . y y - i- if i er Z ir t au . P sian . q hast i . ' q orqusuz 0 15 bilirs n Turk13h . T bb t év ifd é . a i q sin Y e t e kh elo Arm . h q gena 15 5 vor e ’ G5 n . Arm . q n5 5 nvd 5 nk g m q . i t ié ‘ Tu r . Kurd . g A bik5 fi t u kha15 i . ’ Kurd . qil sbik i okh ‘ K 5r 11n . Syriac . S riac Hwi 5 bedkhal it . y . q s

. S 13 WOU N D OR SI CKNESS D u f l bet er o yo ee t Wh at is th e matter ' Kéfek 5 18 5 11 . Am Arabic 1 b1c . M5 15 k ' - i- i - s . A w5l s u 5 b ht er ia Chi r r d 15d Per ian h h m ar P s n . (za a ) 5 5 st Turkish V 5 1 . Né 0 n d 5 h l u i Turkish . Kénd u 5 e nc 5 nc h y g r Arm . I h g I o . msm yor1 b5 d 5 h 5 d z ’ ‘ A h 15 V zka art l o 2 ‘ . h i 5 Arm ve g g g Kurd . C h y5 3 h asht eré . k w Tu g e M5, it h Kurd Syn , Syriac ; Gallo besh rand aiwet

Do you feel worse Kéfe k ard 5 Arabic .

i 51- i-s t I am ounded . Pers an . Ah w h um5 bad ar w s t A115 m 5 1u a Arabic . ] h . ' a Z akh m khu d h -am h Kénd ini d 5 h 5 f n5 ersi n. e . . é , P r Turkis ' i h -im r si k s Y . gii yormi n Tur i . arali ’ ira orvad z m e ad zka art io Arm . V v e . Arm . Av li V g g g y ! ' ‘ ' z i d 51im A br n . Tu kh 5 15bt e 1é . Kurd . Z Kurd ai n riac Ga o kh 5 15b5 iwet S riac . Jri wi . Sy . ll besh y h QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS 535

he e are ou ounded Sit do n lie do n W r y w w , w . ‘ ‘ Ara A a d ii d l u u . bic . a Wén ur e k . ) Ar bic . j h q (p q - - - ? ersian Bi i i kh b ersian Z akh m at u 5st . , b 5 . P . k 1 P ' nish n Turk1 h t s . u at Turkish Néréd é yarah sin O r , y . Nsd et se ban et se Arm Vor d o Vir5 vorvad z Arm . q , g q . ghen ' R is ina or . fina b t e q Kurd , r izh Br ét alakfi d 5 1 é 5 d a . Kurd . in y biba ri Aikai et i . Syriac . w ir ba Sy ac

Undr ess yourse lf. abi 18 11 5 1 hud iim e k Ar c . 1 1 . I n th e nee e oot . k , th f ersian R5 kht -i- u - r5 bi- k5 n P . kh d ’ Ri- r kbat i bi-r flj a . u . lukh t s hau Ar bic , u or . D 5 1 z5 nfi (15 1 5 . , . Tur h So n kis . u Persian p y . T kish Dizimd én 5 5 him 5 ur d n . . , Hanve t se y g Arm . q .

D zoun e s e s . . , vod ilkét a s al a . J be h in Arm g q Kurd . Lazh nfi or 15 Z 5 r5ni 15 hl ll , ékh okh . ( ) Syriac . S ju ’ Péo ‘ S riac B 6 birk5 b c1 y . , a la . Giv m wat r g g q e e e . ‘ - i A lm m o . Arabic . t a A i- e h b . P rsi n. dih K u et . Tur ish B5 n5 sfi V ér. eep q i k . ’ Ch ou d ve i t z . n sku d on l Arm r q . Arabic . I t ( t ta k) 15 ’ AV bid 5 15 135 15 115 11 e Kurd . min . 1 (don t mov . ) a H i m5 . er ian Asfid e h s Syriac . all y s . b5 h P . T r imild a m u kish . Q n 5 . i Waer an and Arm 5 t He e s t d b y. H n ar . . d ge t se q r r ’ 0 H5 dh moi W5 kun Arab1 . 5 5k . N5kh éV 5 d on t t l . Kurd ( a k) , y ’ a 1n5 k 5 5 1 5 115 P ers1 n . b on 5 . 11 1; naka (d on t , k y k ht s s il n 5 s an5 u o . ov Turk1sh . I é é m e) . q y q ’ Ah 5 c h ou e o a ac h t . v c ni c . S ri . S é d on t l 15 y q ( ta k) , Arm r y ’ m arkit n u d . Ava5 V fikon 5k . b (do t move) . K r y H5 m5 afi 6n 5 Syriac . y k y k .

Give me 5 bandage . ’ You mustn t s ea ‘ p k . A ini 15 b5 5 h Arabic . t 1 . ’ ‘ ‘ m e L5 t e a i a11 5 e - i bi- m 5 n bi d ih . ers1 . A bi h k . P . Is b y N5 - B5 n5 bir 1 ar hi . b5 5 d r i z Turk1sh . 5 5 s si Persian ; y ba f b anid . y g

L i i r . . 5 rd ét mémélisin v e Turkish q . B iraab d ve i t . e d c h e k r V n z h si A m. . Arm q o q . g q N5kh é P 135 h é min bin5 . 5 5 . Kurd V . Kurd .

S riac . L5 ma kit i H i kh d15 15515 y h . Syr ac . all __1_ 1 ; 536 Q UESTI ONS AND ANSWERS

Hel me th th e b dain Tae th s med c ne p wi an g g. k i i i . ‘ ' ai S5 id - ni i — 1 b a . b 5 Ar b c r 5t h . Arab1o Kh d is r h d - . aw fi e d 5 . ‘ h a

e rsian. D5 i 5beh 35 8 15 11 115 1 5 P 1 s 1 1 ersian In (15 1 5 -1 5 bi- ur P . kh . ari ‘ y5w kun. T r h h i 5 i o u ki s . S u l j i h Ban sa hi i sa a rg y rmada A e s t e h q Arm . rr a n g y g . ar i y d m ét . Vi rm s na d a be . Kurd . 5u ti u . k e int z l Arm D ne ts q V raa S riac h l m g . dh d 1 y S qé 5 5 5n5 . ont i m p a p, Lash Kurd . 5 d 5ndiné h 5rémin W5 15

Go to th e Doctor and tell him to comé at Take th s man to hos ita. once. i p l

A bic Ru 111-1 5 1115 1 W5 - ul Ar b W h e r-11 51 111- 11115 3 ra b 1 q aic. addi 1 ‘ luh i i - el t akh5n5 h y j bil aj . . 5 i -r5 bi- zfi er i n: I n 111 1d - 15 bi m Persian . H k m gfi d bi P s a 5 ariz 5 5 d kh 5ne h bi — y y . bar . H ekim i ~ f i has a- h a T i h . e t i r h Bfi né ér k k ne é urk s g 8 6 lé ki Tu kis . t y him di a ét iir. s buray gélsin . g rm Knat se zhish i Hivanla ot s d are as A n ev . n . q p g y Arm g y asat s mi ma n e 5 n c h 5 be s k5 rt . q . akh ast akh5n5 u . H5 11 5 111k 15 111111 fi éz V mér K rd 1 b ha Kurd . i l

bGWI (15 mi biberra.

i i l- ébe d - S riac 5 dh 15sh 5 lkhas . 5 i 5 111 153 anb Syr ac S g h k m 6 y . N il 1

— d 5t h é ( 5 15 15 t akh5n5 . 1 .

, 14 EN E R L P R SES . G A H A

' G d n ht mad am G d morn n mad m oo . oo a . ig , i g,

’ rab o M- A11 h bi-k ér sit t 5 b5 1 111-A115 h bi- kh r A 1 . 5 é h y5 Arabic . $ 1 ,

‘ b ~i~ sh i- i 5 sit . Sha um5 t z Persian b kha r, y ' h m u - - bi- xr k zum , . S h i s u 5 kha . Persia'n b h m ’ ' i a s r h ab5 i iz kha T r 1 h . Gé én z kh ol n Tu k1s . S h 11 r o lsun u k s j ii u , i , '

h an m fié i. 5 ne m e ffe ndi . h e e nd ' ‘ 1 is er P5 11 s i . 5 1 . u . Arm P k b , digin , Arm I y , dig n i d : Sub5 h bk115 ir i . , Kurd S ré c fis -sh 5 15 k 811 111 a am h ha . . 15 5 kh n . y a. P b y1 nam Syriac

538 Q UESTIONS AND ANSWERS

I t is true P ease l . A ab c T&fad h dh r i . al (See Vocab e s an Lu fa P r i . t n . Tu k h Kérém t s . é r i . Ha t s . e e khnt re m Arm j q , .

. Bkhair t a Kurd é . ac S . Min d h d i okh yri fa l y .

Wh at are your wish es Mim nfi n or ket ht h e Es kh ire k i . h ét Arab c khaire k . - er ian Chi kh éhid ’ P s . mi - - I lt ifélt i sh umé . zi zi d ‘ y . T rkish Né ist rsiniz u . é Z Tésh ékkiir d rim é é .

. nc t zer Arm I h e papakh Sh norhaal e m t z z g y e . i o zi Kurd . Tach t vet ( r d kh wé ) ? Min zht a. m na i ta. M5 i t Syriac . k b e Mint a minnokh (0 r ksh a h krennok ) . m ll Thank God ! I a we .

El- amd u lill o E Do you u d erst d Arabic . h éh ( r 1 n an m il a A bic Tifham a d l h an . a, bi h ) , ra kh e sian A afah mi ér ! . di ? P r y , - Tu A lad i mi e Al amd u lilléh a k sh . n n rsian. wél P h , h r i ’ - G has na am kh fib ast ! Arm . g q ' - Tur i h Al hamd a e i ! . Tu e i k s . u lill h , y yim Kurd fahm d k ah mi ‘ Parr Asd oud zo lav . o kf t 2 Arm . q , Syriac Gall ye m !

ukur lakhud é az sé ’ Kurd . Sh , d on t und stand I er . i ! kh m 111 ift ahim And 5, Arabic . . Ksh a rin lah a sa . k Ei kh Syriac , —f h m m e s an . a a P r i Nami . i in ! w Anl m m u h a a . T rkis . C has nar Arm . hem g . You are e come . w l Az nak m Kurd . fahm i .

- Ardbic M r e e n wa . Lak {11t . . a haba ; hl se h Syriac le n .

e an h sh m i All h t . rsi . u é ad d P K . rig Turkish K o éldiniz ! . h sh g Safa Arabic . Tayyib .

’ éldi niz ! Kh aili khfib e sian . g P r . ‘ Paro . v e h Pék ék e i u k s . . Arm y ga T r i ala , p y

. a aba! t u kh wash S ! Kurd M rh Arm . had lav or Kurd . Chaka (

. r ! a a c nd . Syriac Ma haba Syria . R QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS 539

Th e is no news. an th a er R i re tens. a Mékfi kh ab Ed - n ma érah A . u c . . bic Ar bi r ra d ya tt . r st - K n an Dérad bérén bi r . . . ersi Persian haba i i P . ba ad h Khaber o Y ur a haa u k s . . Turkish T r i y q . aghm y g j q gibi ’ ’ o c h a z sbarr a . Ant re v . n . Arm L ur g Arm . g ‘ fi haba n na ama Ch . n 5. bér u . Kurd . k r i Kurd . D y it c hfi r mi anit aila S o . Dun é r h . gria . La h khab a Syriac . y t

I t is moonlight . How d o you know - E . mar d d u nfir a . ‘ . a ShlGn t a Arabic nya q Ar bic . rif ersian Maht fib - ast P . . a Az ku é mi - d énid Pers i n . j ahit é ar T h M b b i v . urkis . av si u k sh s bilirsiniz T r i . Na l L ousn a e lousnia . g , g I nc hbe s kid e inc e n Arm Arm . q h kisber e . kid e q R zh néhié h aiva o . ? Kurd . Tu ch éwa or kusfi. t zéini Kurd . ( ) h r - s rail Bé a. d é é Syriac . . Min i k ad h - e t Syriac . a ka y

How old are you as ‘ It is e . Kam se nah umrak f l Arabic .

’ i Mfi 0 7 kidh b . . C d s i ri Arab c sahib Persian . han alag da d a rfi h - ast ers n . Du . ur c ashind asin ? P i g T kish . Qa h y ‘ u k sh . Y i . ni re n e 2 T r i al n dir Arm . Qa da ga q ‘ Skhal e so d e ? . a . U mrét a C n 0 7 t Arm , u Kurd . ha da ( awa Dr . Kurd . c hand sél haya ‘ ‘ ac Du lailé S i . Kmailé umr d i okh 2 yr g Syriac . y

I must go.

Li arfi . Arabic . zim h - El hamd u lillfih . bi- rawam Persian . Bayad - am - d h ush i . K m yaya Git méli im . . m fi um Turkish y Mé n n . Yert alou h r i Arm . yem, a d m Q ur koh e m . akh yem , y ba ye r l . h washi Az k m .

i az d éc h e m . i Kurd . Laz ma Psikhawin . Lazim t ad - zali;

Is h e at h ome

- Hfia, bi bét M mkin . l u . Arabic ar kh i e - ast i . D n Mumk n . Persian ‘ Ev d é mi dj r Mdmkin olabilir u . 2 ; . T rkish ‘ a art i 2 r . nn e o Ga eli . Arm D q

mkina o d bit . Au 11115121 Mu ( r ) . Kurd — ait hailé m i ré . B o b Mu k n (or kbé ) . Syriac g 5 40 QU ESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Wh o is it Pleas t o n an j ur ey. ‘ ’ e nfi abic Ma s - se c M a 15,m Arabi . Ar . ah . e s an Kist ers an Pi n 111 11 . 5 P r i P i . ama . k sh Kim d ir Tu ish Sélamét l h la- u k . é o ur r ol T r i . r , g Ov e sun Arm . .

’

. Au kié P ri an rt out iun . o Kurd Arm a j p . i a ilé ‘ afa ’ i n . r ta ir z Syr ac . M 3 Kurd S é p é b t . r a . d l Okh é b kh h Wé . Let h im enter. Syriac Safa Y ri

hal - idkh ul Arabic . K li y . o rs Bi Oi c e. é ad . Persian. y y u ‘ Malfim or he lb t B rs . e . u u un. Turkish . y Arabic ' e sian Albat t e h . e rs t h o h ka r . . Arm N g . P Tur ish Elb t t il k . é é. B fi bét . Kurd .

’ Arm Ansh ht a . ous c hu wer. . Syria . S d ‘ K d Mé lum h r b i ur . . Does t e ate o l ‘ w ‘ l m r a. Ma fi Sy i c . El- m oi t e hli Arabic . g Ah fish mi - kh urad Persian . j eae e ‘ P s t ll me ‘ l . h Si aina o r mu 2 Turkis . q y ’ Arabic Tafad h dh a] ul- li Arm Ch ourn g erra art ioq . q . ersian Lu fan ré bi- fi Av k l bfi P . t ma g . Kurd . u ?

‘ ‘ Turkish i éd érim a, soilé all 111 a birt h éi ai‘ . R ja ban . . o 5 kh Syriac G y ‘ Kh t m i t z Arm. n re n ; la-i aseq t aram K d . ét a r e ur , khaba b da o - G od bye. ‘ A ab c Audanékum or F1 aman . Kmai ln minnokh r i Syriac q ,

A115h f see Voca b . ma h ri ( ) k bé . i K ud éfiz Pers an . h a h n u kish Alléhaismarlad i T r . q . Wh at did you say Mna aro v Arm . q p fi s lilt i Arabic . h q r t a. . Bkhét é Kurd er ian Chi uft id P s . g is a Posh b shlélm . ‘ r sh d édiniz 2 Tu ki . Né h si nch as t si Au voi . nc u e re r. Arm I q i q ‘ Tac hi ab ? Ard bic Insha ah ne sh fife k an K d . . ll ur g M mérokh a1 ib . E1 q . Syriac

‘ Dfib e u‘ e h sh umé -ré kh 5 Persian . What did h e say E8 11 él s Ya ind a orushfi rii z in . Turki h . q g Arabic q C11 uf § ha 5h n. t H . Persia 1 g sh d éd i rt a arov urki . Y e . T Arm . q p Né Az arak d i d e binim nc h sav nc h aset s Kurd . j . Arm . I u , i ‘ z Chi ét Syriac : Bid khamnokh gaha Kurd . g

b r a M5. iméré ? k i t . Syriac .

THI S B OOK I S DU E ON THE LAST D ATE STANIP ED BEL OW

, AN I N ITIAL F I N E OF 2 5 CENTS W I L L B E ASS ES S ED FO R FA I L U RE TO RETU RN H I S B O O K O TH E D A D U TH P N A L T N : TE E. E E TY W I L L I N C REAS E TO s o C EN TS O N THE FO U RTH D AY A N D TO O N TH E S EV EN TH D AY O V RD U E E .

AUG 8 1 1935