Some pteridicolous Ascomycetes Lennart Holm and Kerstin Holm zzai

Holm. L. A Holm, K. 197803 31: Some pteridicolous Ascomyceies. Bot. Notistr IS I: 97-115. Stockholm. ISSN 0006-8193. In the course of an inventory of the Ascomycetes found on ferns in Sweden a number of morphological and taxonomie problems were encountered. 16 species are commented on and the following new names are published: Discomycetes: Cryptomycina filicina (Fr.), Naevafaperexigua (Rob. ex Desm.), Nannfetdtia phegopteridis sp. nov., Pseudopeltis gen. nov., Pseudopeltis flUcum sp. nov. - Pyrenomycetes unitunicati: GhmereUa polypodii (Ron.), Monographos fuckeiii nom. nov., Monographos minor sp. nov.. Mycogtaena filicina sp. nov. — Pyrenomyccies bitunicali: Schizothyrium speircum (Fr.), Scirrhia osmundac (Peck A Clinton), Trìcholhyrina fiBcttm sp. nov. Lectoiypes are proposed for Cryptomycina filicina and Monographos fiu ktlii. The genera Mctamcris and Scirrhodothis úňt included hi Scirrhia, because they possess an ascocarp centrum of Dothidea-type. Lennart Nairn and Kerstin Halm, Institute of Systematic Satany, University of Uppsala. P.O. Box 541, 5-75/ 21 Uppsala, Sweden.

Ferns in general harbour a rich and specific VPS). We have also revised the pertinent mate­ mycoflora. This holds true not only for parasitic rial in S and UPS; some type specimens were fungi, such as Taphrina and the rust genera obtained on loan from B, BR, and K. Our IJytthpswti, Milesiu and Uredinopsis. but also sincere thanks are due to the curators of these for saprophytes, the group which concerns us institutions. here. Some ferns* such as Osmunda and PterP ilium, are hosts for very specific fungi only, whereas species of Aihyrium. Dryopteris and Discomycetes Mottenecht seem to harbour much the same mycoflora. These fungi have on the whole been Cryptomydna filicina (Fr. ex Fr.) L. & K. Holm, comb. nov. little studied, although the keen-eyed Mme Libert hud already paid them some attention. Lvptostroma jìlichuim Fr. ex Fr., Syst. Mycol. 2: 399 Bubák also deserves mention, for his excellent (1823) -Lcpiosiroma fdicinum Fr.. Obs. Mycol. I: 197 paper of 1916. (1815)- t.cciotypc: Fr., Stier, tucc. 65 (UPS). Cryptomycina Osnmndae H. Sydow. Ann. Mycol. As a part of our investigation of Swedish 21: 174 (1923) - Typo: Germany, Silberg in Wesi- micro-fungi, especially the Pyrenomycetes, we phalen, Osmunda regali*. V. 1923. Ludwig ( = S>d.. Myc.germ. 1928. UPS). have included a study of this particular sub­ Cryptomyvinn Osmundae tScbw.) Pel rak. Sydow ia stráte. A previous paper (Holm & Holm 1977) 10: 298 (1957), nom. illcg. - HysieHum Osmnndae concerned the Leptopcltidaceae. This is a Schweinitz. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. ser. 2, 4: 246 mainly picrkKoofous family, which includes (1834)-Type: USA. Penn., "In slipilibusOsmundac speciabUts, Salem et Bei hl." (n.v.). some of the most important species of the fungal flora found on ferns. The present paper deals Fig. ID. 2 A.B. with some new or otherwise noteworthy species within various Ascomycete groups. It is based This fungus is apparently confined to the dead mainly on material, collected by us (now in stipes of Osmunda and is very conspicuous because of its large black stromalic crusts. * - fluunitka Notiser Fig. I. Spores. - A: Dangeardiella macrospora. — B: IDangeardiella fusi/orma, aberrant form. -C: D.fusiforma. - D: Cryptomycina filicina. - E: Scirrhia aspidiorum. — F: Ditto, large-snored form on Picridium. —G: Scirrhia osmundae. - H: "Mctameris japonica". - I: Morenoina sp. - J: Pseudopeltis filicum.ascus , spores and paraphyses. - K: Botryosphaeria sp. - L: Nannfeldtia phegopteridis, spores and paraphyses. -M: Monographos fttekelii. - N : M. minor. - O: Glomerella polypodii. - P: Trichothyrina filinoli. - Q: Hysteropeltelia ino ravie a. - All X 1000.

which attain 1 cm or more in length. For a full We think it is appropriate to lectotypify description see Sydow (1923). The asci have an Leptostroma filicinum by Fries's Soler, suec. apical ring which is I +. no. 63, which fixes the name in the sense In spite of its striking appearance this species adopted here. When validly publishing Lepto- has so far been little noticed and in fact may be stroma filicinum in 1823, Fries apparently in­ rare. However, it had already been found by cluded various fungi under this name, since he Fries, as Bubák (1916). who investigated the listed several host plants: "in stipitibus Pteridis. original material of Leptostroma filicinum Fr., Osmundae regal is. Aspidiorum etc/* (p. 599). In made clear. Bubák concluded that the fungus the original publication, however, the Royal fern "keine Leptostromacee ist, sondern ein Asko- is the only host plant to be mentioned specifical­ myzeť" (1916 p. 312), although he did not discuss ly: "In stipitibus Osmundae regalis Etc.'* (Fries its taxonomy more closely in that article 1815 p. 197), and it seems reasonable to infer because he intended to treat the pteridicolous that Fries considered Osmunda to be the prin­ ascomycetes in a later paper, which unfortu­ cipal host. Hg. 2. Ascocarps in surface view. - A: Cryptomycina filicti% * 9. - B: Idem, x 4.5. -C: Scirrhia osmandae. nately never was realized. We can verify his '* -I): Dangcardiella fusiforma. x 18. - E: Idem, x 18. We found the fungus in abundance in the only statement that Fries's fungus is an ascomycete, Osmunda locality which we visited, viz. Swe­ and wc identify it with Cryptomycina osmttndae, den, Göstrtkland, Hille par., Brannsägen, at the described more than a century after Fries by rivuletTestcboän, 2I.V. 1975, 562 b. Sydow. who did not. however, refer to Bubák\s paper. Some pterid'woious Ascomycetes 101 100 Lennon Holm and Kerstin Holm BOT. NOT1SER 131 (1978)

I ly stempelt ella moravica Pel rak Ekeby, c. 3 km S of the N end of lake Valien, spruce forest. Maiteuei ia struthiopteris. 9.V. 1975, 507 b and Petrák. Ann. Mycat. 2i: 10< 192$ì- Type: Moravia, pr. 16.VII. 1976, 904 a. - Daiarna. Vika. pr. Trostbäcken. Podhorn, Dryoplcris filix-mas, IV. 1922 (W?). Mtittcuccia struthiopteris, 20.V. 1975. 574c. -Gäsirlk- fig. iQ.4C.fi A. land. Gavlc. Lovuddcn. M. slmthiopieris, 20.V. 1975. J. A. Nannfeldt 23912. Astwarps densely scattered, erumpent. linear, usually 0.2-0.5 mm in length, c. 0.1 mm broad and 50 /xtn high, opening by a longitudinal sift, .N'aevafa perexigua (Rob. ex Desm. ) L. & K. Peridium c. 20 u.m broad, of textura angularis, Holm. comb. nov. ce fis 6-10 jun. Asci numerous, subglobose or oblong to davate, sessile, 30-36 x 12-15 /un, 8- Phacidium perexiguum Roberge ex Desmaziéres, Ann. Sei. Nat. Bot. ter. 3, 11: 362 (1849). sporous, bitunicate? with truncate apex. Ascus wall strongly thickened al apex, turning blue For comments, see under ScMzjothyrium with iodine. Spores irregularly arranged, ì speirettm. {Naevala perexigaa is not pieridi- cuneiform, bicellular usually with a somewhat colous!) supramedian septum, long hyaline and 11-13x5 /im. eventually up to 15x5 jun and the thick spore wall turning brownish. inlerthecUd threads 0. Nannfeldtia phegopteridis L. & K. Holm, sp. nov. No type material was available but we have no hesitation in identifying our fungus with Typus: Succia, Datecarlia, par. Stora Kopparbeoj* Finnbo. 27.V. 1977. K. A L. Holm no. 1057a (UPS). Petrak's; his detailed description matches our Fig. I L. 4 D, 7 A. material perfectly, although he did not notice the I reaction, nor did he observe the fully mature, A pot hec fa solitaria vel ± gregaria, saepe bina con- brownish spores. On the other hand, he reported Auenfia. superncJaJja atra, «cu ta tu. 150-250 $*sn diam.. maturitate c. 50 psn alta. Scuteltum centro ± stcllaiim that the asci are surrounded by "spärlichen, dehiscens. ex hyphis coalitis rad iati m dispositis. Ex- undeutlich faserigen Paraphysoiden". We have cipulum laterale paru m evolutum e textura globulo** not seen any interthecial threads. celhdis minutissimis; excipulum basale 0 sed substrati ceJfcrfae subjectac "hypostromate" replctae. Asci Petrák established the genus Hysteropeltella cylindrico-clavaii, breve stipitati, 65-75 x 10-12 ptn. for this fungus, which certainly merits a genus of apice roiundati, annulu minuto ope Iodi cacrulesccnii. its own. He considered it to be a "typische octosporae. Spante octonae. paratfclae. filiformes, Hypodermiee", which it definitely is not. We basím versus saepe subattenuatte, (20-)25-35(-40i » 2.5-3.5 firn, numero cellularum vaJde variabili seil think that the ascus characters indicate a kinship saepe 7-septatue. hyalinae. Paraphyses ascos sub- with the Lecidcaceae. and HysteropvUvlla may acquante*, septatae, cellula terminali ad 4 ^tm infiala, lie not far distant from e.g. Melaspilett emergens membrana incrassata. (i-r.)Rehm. Habitat in peliolis anni praeteriti Lasireac ph'egpptè- ridi v The fungus is not very conspicuous but it seems quite characteristic and can be recognized This species, like the next one, provides a ne* even under a hand-lens by its elongate streak- example of a superficial Discomycete which shaped apothecia. which open by ä longitudinal externally resembles one of the Microthyriales. slit when wet. cf. Nannfeldt (1976 a). Though limitar in man) Up to now this species was only known from respects^ they are probably a heterogeneous the type collection, but it seems to be rather assemblage. A characteristic common trait is the Fig. 3. Aseocarps in surface view. - A: Sdrrhte aspidiorum. x 18. - B: Idem, x 9. - C: Dangeardiella common on the petioles of larger ferns. We now presence of a ± superficial shield, which covers macrospora, x 9. -D; Idem, x 36. - E: Monographos fuckelii in leaflets, x 9. -F: Idem in petiole, x 9. -G: have eight collections, in some of which the the developing apothecium. The shield texture Siimographos minor, x 18* fungus occurs in abundance. varies a great deal. In the present species il consists of one layer of radiate, coalescent remnants adhering to the hymenial surface like N, phegopteridis is easily recognized by its Swede*: Upptand. Dalby. c. 500 m SW of Högby. in hyphae; in surface view the cells are almost an epithecium. The peripheral part of the shield filiform, pluriseptate spores; the number of cells spruce forest. Athyrium Jtlix-Jemina, 27.1V. 1975. 477squar e at the centre of the shield, elongate and c. - pr. "Jerusalem". Dryopteris spinulosa. 11-VI. & ti firmly attached to the excipulum, which is per spore is quite variable, from 4 to 12, but 8 16.VJ. 1976, 86)a A 873b. - UppsaJa-Nis, 700 m W of often ramified towards the margins (Fig. 7 A). poorly developed, especially basali y, where it is seems to be the most common number. At maturity the shield cracks centrally, it* Högby. Dryopteris filix-mas. 27.1V. 1975 . 479c. - replaced by an intracellular *hypostrema*. We suggest, although with some hesitation. 102 Lennart Holm and Kerstin Holm BOT. NOTI S ER 131 (1978) BOT, NOTI SER 131 (1978) c „ A- , - o om e pteridicolous Ascomycetes 103 that the species be accommodated in Nann- coidca. 0.1-0.3 mm diam., c. 50 /un alta, scuiellu J eldt ta. a genus so far comprising only the type radiato stellatim fisso e cellulis serialiter dispositi* species. /V. atra Petrák, found on dead leaves of desuper visi s subquadratis, e. 5 asti latia. Asci cylin- Carex firma. There are evident resemblances in drico-clavatì, brevissime stipitati, c. 40 x 10 /un, octo- spori. annulo apicalì ope lodi et sohitionc KOH the asci, paraphyses and shield structure. It is cae rule se enti, apice lenite t acuti paride incrassatu true, though, that the shield has a distinct, Sporae anguste cllipsoideae. vulgo 10-12x3.5-4 fan. circular margin in A', atra, while it grades biccllulares, hyalinae. plurìguitoìlMAc. Paraphyses uni- irregularly info a sparse, superficial mycelium in vel hiseptatae. saepc ramo sac, apice incrassatac Exc/puiurn proprium nullum, hypothec kirn vu /V. phegopteridls. The spores are certainly very e volu tum. dissimilar, bui this difference is hardly an es­ Habitat in lamina foliorum emortuorum filicum. sential one: cf. the discomyçcte genus Lavhnel- hda s. lat., whose spores also vary widely, but The scutcllate, ± superficial Discomycetes have uh ich. nevertheless, is a very natural genus. been much neglected and misunderstood, cf. the Mkrothyrium pkegopteridts Magnus (in Abh. preceding species. The present fungus is an Nai.-Hist. Ges. Nürnberg 16: 262, 1906) might extreme representative of that group, in which be a possible synonym, though improbable, the excipulum is virtually absent, being replaced since that fungus is said to occur on (he leaflets by the scutellum. The structure of the latter is of Lastrea phegopteris — we have never found strongly reminiscent of Leptopeltis. hence the our species on any other substrate than the generic name. petioles. Xticrathyritim pňegitpteridís was de­ This highly-reduced species hardly fits into scribed on the basis of immature material (not any genus so far described, bue ft is possine seen by us), bearing no spores of any kind; we related to the Naevioideae. In general ap­ rather think that it belonged to a Leptothyrium, pearance the mature, opened apothecia are which is common on the lamina of this host. similar to Naevala perexlgua ( = N. minutissima) Nannfeldtia phegopteridis is probably com­ and the microscopic characters are also com­ mon in Scandinavia and is not seldom found in patible vvilb thai group. The resemblance with abundance. We have 6 collections from Sweden, Leptopeltis may be more than a mere coin­ Dalarna, and one from Norway, More og Roms- cidence, but the centrum structure is different, dal. The petioles of Lastrea phegopteris are often cf. Holm & Holm (1977 p. 216). A kinship with heavily infested by Leptopeltis gregaria (cf. Phacidhut gracilis, on Lycopodittm. although Holm & Holm 1977) and these two species seem conceivable, would be rather remote. to be ± vicarious. Of course. Pscndopeitis filicttm is easily over­ An apparently related fungus is present in a looked, but we do not have the impression that it collection ol Mottem eia strutliiopteris (Sweden, is a common fungus. So far we have only seen it Gävle, Lövuddcn. 20.V.I975. J. A. Nannfeldt on laminae, never on petioles. Apart from the 23912e). Unfortunately the material is scanty very rich type collection we only have 3 other and immature. packets of rather scanty material:

Sweden: Uppland. Dalby, c. 500 m SE of 'Jerusalem*. Pseudopeltls L. & K. Holm, gen. nov. Dryopteris filix-mas. I5.VI.I975, 590b. - Dalarna. Gailenberg. Realsbo, D. spinulosa. 29.111.1974.350. - Typus: Pseudopellis filicum. Sundborn, pr. Mjötnarvallen, Athyrium fììix-fvm'mu. 22.VI. 1974. 275d. Genus novum Discomycetum ex afïinitait- dubia sed Fig. 4. Ascocarps in surface view. - A: Mycoglaena filicina. x36. - B: Idem, confettai state x36 C textura scutelli Leptopehidi persimile: ab ilio genere Hysterapeltella moravica. x 18. - D: Nannfeldtia phegopteridis, x 18. - E: Tru hot h vrina filicmt x IX F- differì í.a. paraphysibus veri*». Pyrenomycetes un it unie ali Morenoma sp., x 36. -G: Pseudopeltisfilicum. x 36.

(;imnerella polvpodii (Roll.) L. & K. Holm, Pseudopellis filicum L. & K. Holm, sp. nov. comb, nov, Typus: Succia. Uplandia. par. Dalby, in loco c. 200 m Exs.: (Karst. F. fenn. 669= Myeosphaerclla sp.) - For a full synonymy see von Arx & Müller (I9S4). ab villa "Jerusalem" inter sepientrinnes et occasum Sphneria Poly podii Rabcnhorsi. Herb. Mycol. II: 533 (1857) - Plectosphaeria pofypodU von Arx & Müller Rbh..Herb. Myc. II: 533. B -(Roumcg., F.Gall. 2295, solis spcctantc, in laminis stecis Dryopteridis fi liei s- immat. in UPS)-D. Sacc.. Myc. «al. 845. S -Thum., maris. I0.VI.I976, K. & L. Holm no. 854b (UPS). 1954 p. 208 - Type: Germany. Saxony. Polypodnim vulgare, 1856, leg. Rbh. (»Herb. Myc. 11:333, JJJ). r^tr lOSiTveriri This fungus may occur as ft true parasite, Fig. 1 J.4G.7B. Laestadia Polvpodii Sace. & Maunus ap. Sacc. & Vgr. Mkrr. f489 sub nom. Mycosphaerella tyrolenxls. forming very distinct, dark spots in living fronds Beri., Aiti Ut. Ven. Sci. Lett. Arti ser. 6.3:737(1884)- Apoihecia sparsa, amphìgett&t subcuticulari&, dis- UPS. of Poly podium vulgare. It can be saprobic, too. Type; řtaíy. Ařbano. /eg. Magnus (S!). Fig. 10.7 C. in dead fronds, forming barely visible spots. It is possible that infection always takes place in because of the loculate stroma, as did Bubák living tissues. The perithecia are mainly epi- (1916). Theissen & Sydow (1915 p. 189). how­ phyllous, rather crowded, c. 150 u,m diam., ever, demonstrated the presence of an iodine globose when wet, collapsed when dry. Asci ± positive ring in the ascus apex (cf. below), and fusiform, c. 50 x 10 /tm. with an apical refractive considered it to be a sphaeriaceous species, an annulas, turning dark, but not blue, with iodine. opinion also held by Obrist ( 1959 p. 375) and by Spores ellipsoid, hyaline, one-celled, generally Müller & von Arx (1973 p. 120). Certainly with two large oil drops and one cyanophilous Monographos is unitunicate; we will discuss its body (nucleus?). 15-20 x 5-6 pm. affinities more closely in a forthcoming paper.

This fungus was formerly regarded as a sphaerel- laceous species, until von Höhnet (1918 p. 55) recognized its true affinities, von Arx & Müller Monographos fuckelii L. & K. Holm, nom. nov. (1954) referred it to Plectosp/taera, with the Monographos aspidiorum sensu Fuckel, Jahrb. Nass. comment that it was transitional to Phyllachora, Ver. Naturk. 29/30: 24 (1876) et auct. ree. non which must be due to some misunderstanding. Sphaeria aspidiorum Libert, q.e. Sdrrhìa aspidiorum The generic limits within the Physosporellaceae - Lectotype: Fuckel, F. rhen. 2665 (S). are very vague and it seems doubtful whether Matrix: Pteridium aqiiiUntun, in the petioles and Plectosphaera can be upheld: it is closely related (rarely?) in the lamina. to G'lomerelia, a name which has priority. In any Exs.: Fuckel, F. rhen. 2665 (S) - Krieger, F. sax. case our fungus closely matches G lorn e rei la 288 (S). 730 (S) - Petrák, Fl. Bohem. Mor. 11:1:2056 (S); Myc. carp. 461 (S) - Rehm. Asc. 838(S). 932(S) - annidata and G. sesleriae, and seems very well Syd., Myc. germ. 2143 (S) - Except for Krieger, F. accommodated among them. sax. 730 V'ÌMetasphaeria epipteridea') all issued as Monographos aspidiorum. Glomerellu polypodii has been little collected, despite the fact that the parasitic stage is quite Fig. IM, 3 E. F. 6 E. conspicuous. It has also been confused with a parasitic My< osphae relia. As a saprophyte it is The general appearance of this species depends easily overlooked, but probably not rare. We very much on the substrate. When growing in have seen 9 collections, from Germany. Austria, the lamina the ascocarps resemble (always?) Bohemia, Italy and Sweden. The 5 Swedish epiphyllous spots, but in the stipe they appear as collections arc all from the province of Uppland. narrow streaks. In the former case they are rather variable in form and size, from circular, c. 0.1 mm diam., to elliptic and 0.5 mm long. They are about 150 usn high, with 1-4 loculi. In the Monographos Fuckel petioles the individual ascocarps are about 1 mm Fuckel. Jahrb. Nass. Ver. Naturk. 29/30: 24 (1876) - long, but only 0.1-0.2 mm broad. They are very Type: M. aspidiorum sensu Fuckel I. c. i^M.fuckelii flattened, being only 60-75 pm in height, with nom. nov., vide infra). several loculi. Several ascocarps often unite to form large crusts. This genus is one of those which have been founded on a misidentified species. Fuckel The stroma pseudoparenchyma is mainly considered that the fungus which he studied was composed of a small-celled textura angularis and Sphaeria aspidiorum Libert, which it is not. as is hyaline, except the uppermost part. The first shown by Bubák ( 1916 p. 324 seq.). Accord­ loculi, generally 100-125 pm diam., often seem ing to some nomenclaturalists, Monographos to be provided with a perithecial wall, which, should under all circumstances be typified on however, consists of compressed stromal tissue, Sphaeria aspidiornm: i.e. it would then re­ often of longitudinally elongated cells. The loculi present an obligate younger synonym for Scir- are filled with numerous, multiseptate interascal rhia. However, the name Monographos has threads. Asci cylindric, very shortly stipitate, c. consistently been used for Fuckel's fungus and 70 x 7 pm9 8-spored, with an a pica II y somewhat we think it wisest to follow established practice. thickened wall and an annulus which is I + after The taxonomie position of the genus has been treatment with KOH. Spores almost cylindrical, Fig. 5. A: St irrititi osmundae, section of loculate stroma, x 210. -B: Idem, asci and spores, *5M-C'5<"^ a matter of dispute. Fuckel (1876) and Winter often slightly allantoid: 25-28(-30) x 3-4 pm, aspidiorum. section of loculate stroma, x 210. -D: "Metarnvrisjaponiva , sectioni of pseudoparenchymalous loculus, x530. - E: Idem, section of biloculate stroma, x 80. - F: Cryptomycina filicina, asci with apical ring. (1887 p. 914) referred it to the Dothideaceae, finally 3-septate, hyaline. M x 530. KM Lennart Holm and Kerstin Holm

BOT. NOTISER 131 (1978) 0 . ... . Some ptertdtcolous Ascomycetes 107 A fairly good description was given by Winter This species occurs on several of the larger (1887 p. 914) though his spore measurements are ferns, including bracken, although the sole col­ loo low. bused us they are on immature type lection from that host deviates in certain material. There has been some disagreement respects and is treated separately below. The about the iodine reaction of the asci: a blueing of 'main form* can be characterized as follows: the ascus 'pore* was first reported by Theissen & Sydow (1915 p. 190) and more recently by Ascocarps scattered, innatc-erumpent. usually Oblisi U959 p. I7||. On the other hand Bubák Í00-J50 pm diam., collapsed when dry. ap- (1916 p. 327) failed to gel any reaction. The planate-globose when wet (or elongate when dissension is apparently explained by a differ­ growing in the stipe), uniloculate. Peridium of a ence in method used: we can confirm that the textura angularis* oís/na// cells (generally c. 5 ptn ascus plug colours strongly with iodine, nota diam.), for the most part c. 10-15 /.tin broad, but bene after treatment with KOH. This phe­ basalíy often thinner and round, the porvs often nomenon was recently reviewed by Nunnfcldi thicker and heavily pigmented, often with a trace ( 1976 b). and Monographos can thus be added to of a clypeus. Asci cylindric. subsessile, about his other examples of this particular response to 45-50x4-5 /xm. 8-snored, with a somewhat iodine. thickened apex, containing a ring which is I • after treatment with KOH. Spores distichous, Fuckel identified the fungus with Sphaeria with obtuse ends, elliptic-fusiform, 10-12 aspidiorum Liberi, as did Winter. However, as (-15) x 2.5-3.5 pm, hyaline, uniseptate, gut- first shown by Bubák (1916 p. 324 seq.). these lulate when immature, interascal filamenti species are very different. Bubák proposed that pfuríseptate. Fuckers taxon should be named 'Monographos aspidiorum Fuckel'. a reasonable idea which has This fungus is generally recognizable even subsequently been accepted by several workers. macroscopica J Jy, by its collapsed ascocarps Of course, that name is nomenclaturally in- which look like a 'Naevia'. They occur on both correct und we think that M.fuckelU would form sides of the lamina, as well as on the rachis and an appropriate substitute; on the petiole — on the latter substrate the A conidial form is said often lo be found ascocarps become somewhat elongate. As foi intermixed: it was fully described by Bubák Monographos fucketii, an iodine reaction l'­ (1916 p. 297) as Sphaeriostromeiia pteridina obi ai ned only afier treatment with a strong (Sace. & Roum.) Bubák. hydroxide solution. M. fin kcIiì is scarcely a common fungus, and An imperfect form, macroscopically indistin­ we have not found it in Scandinavia, ft is the guishable, is often found intermixed and is in all common host plants which may harbour the rare probability connected. It is scolecosporous and fungi. Several of the cited exsiccata are dupli­ apparently very similar to Sphaeriostromellu cates, and we have seen material from only five pteridina, the imperfect form of M.fuckehl. localities. As mentioned above, a somewhat deviant form has been found in the lamina of bracken. It Germany; Rheinland, Ostrich (Fuekel). - Wcstphatcn, Oechelhausen (Sydow), Sachsen. Königs! ein may be rare on this host, since we have onl> (Krieger). - Luxemburg: Baumbusch (Feltgen). - found it once, intermixed in Rehm. Asc. 370 Czcchaslovakia; Moravia, Wsetin (PcIrak). Vllypoderma aquilinum'. i.e. Leptopeltis pteď dis, cf. Holm & Holm 1977 p. 220), although ii was rather abundant, at least in the UPS copy In this material the ascocarps are considerably gɧ .section of uniloculate aseocarp. x 530. - B: Idem, section of pluriloeulate Monographos minor L. & K. Holm, sp. nov. larger than those of the 'main form*, attaining a avcoearp. x210. - C: dem. asci in lactic blue, x 530. -D: Idem, asci in iodine, x 530. - E: Mon~hos Slr0mi U X F: diameter of at least 300 /xm and possessing up te Se Typus: Succia. Upland ja, par. Dalby. in loco c. 750 m St x5°30 * § •HB nuurospora. spore in lactic blue, with Ä, ab villa 'Jerusalem* inter septentriones et occasum 3 loculi. The peridium is also stronger. As a sol i s spoetante, in frondibus Athyrii filicis-feminae, matter of fact, in general appearance these 20.VJ. J976. K. ei L. WoJm no. 907a OJPS). ascocarps are strongly reminiscent of the lami- Fig. I N.3G.6A-D. nicolous ascocarps of M. fuckeliì. Asci and collection on Pteridium should be referred to but it can be quite abundant, as in 855c and 907a. spores, however, fully agree with those ol this species. Species a praecedenie imprimis sporis valde minorìbus The 'main form" can easily be mistaken for a differì. normal M. minor, so we think that the funga* Monographos minor is scarcely a common Myeosphaerella at First sight. Besides the type, species. We have found it in 5 collections only. we have also seen the following material. Sweden: Uppland. Dalby. c. 200 m NW of'Jerusalem', base of two-years old petioles of some larger 10.VI.I976. Alhxrium fdix-femina. 855c. - Uppsala- ferns: we have found it on A thy riunì filix~fe mina Näs. c. 500 m N of S. Focksta. 7.V.I975. A. fdix- femina, 502c. - Gäslrikland. Hille, c. 500 m SE of and Dryopteris filix-mas. Brännsagen, Laslrea phegopteris. 21 .V. 1975. 560c. Norway: Mori' og Romsdal. c. 4 km NE of Gjöra, near Driva. Dryopteris filix-mas, I .VII. 1976. 666b. Pyrenomycetes bitunicati Germany: Bavaria. Bayreuth. Pi eridi um aquìlinum, IV. 1874, leg. Thümen (intermixed in Rehm, Asc. 270). Botryosphaeria sp. Fig. I K. Mycoglaena filicina L. & K. Holm, sp. nov. Ascocarps rather crowded, immersed-erum- Typus: Succia. Uplandia. par. Dalby, pr. "Jerusa­ pent, c. 100 /xni diam., collapsed, almost without lem", in stipitibus emortuis Athyrii filieis-fcminac. 3I.V.I976. K. & L. Holm 848a tUPS>. papillae. Asci subsaccate-cylindric, bitunicate. c. 50x10 urn, very shortly pedicellate, 8- Fig. 4A.B.8B. spored. Spores elliptico-fusiform, terminally Aseoearpia solitaria vel bina aggregata, 150-200 pm obtuse, continuous, hyaline, 13-18x5-6 um. diam.. 50 pm alta, superne clypeo virido-atro tenuo. Interthecial threads absent. 0.3-0.5 mm longo, conjuncta. Peridium c. 10 usti latum, e textura pro maxima parte hyalina, apice viridula. colini is minutissimis (maxime c. 5 /un). Asci This fungus is without doubt a member of subcylindracei. ad 75 x 10 /im, unitunicati?, apice Botryosphaeria s.lat. (including Guignardia I en i 1er ingrassati, annulo minuto ope iodi fuscato sensu von Arx & Müller). It is possibly an instruct!, oclospori. Sporae irregulariter biseriatae, undescribed pteridicolous species, but it may ellipsoideae vel panilo cuneatae, 3-septatae, cellula seeunda vulgo majore, hyalinae. 12-17x4-5 asti. also be a question of an incidental occurrence on Filamento intertheeialia absentia? bracken of a species which normally inhabits some unrelated host. We leave this problem to a This fungus is apparently undescribed, despite future monographer of the genus. being common and characteristic as well. It is We have encountered this fungus once only, even recognizable macroscopieally. by its but the collection is fairly rich: Sweden, Upp­ clypeus. which forms a more or less greenish, land, Dalby, c. 500 m SSW of 'Jerusalem*, in elongate spot; opening by a pore or a longitu­ dead fronds of Pteridium aquUinum, 8.V.I976. dinal slit. 804 g. When wet it has a particularly conspicuous Dangeardiella Sacc. & P. Sydow colour which reminds one of Mycoglaena suh- caerulescens (Nyl.) Rehm, and Winteria liche­ Saec. & P. Sydow. Syll. Fung. 14: 683 (1899) -Type: noides (Rehm) Sacc both of which occur on D. maerospora. coniferous wood. All these fungi are certainly The genus was erected with the short diagnosis: closely allied. The spore type recalls "Odonto- "A Monographo differì imprimis sporidiis trenta inclusimi" (Karst.) Karst., a species elongatis, pluri (6-8-)cellularibus". However, ii which ought perhaps to be referred to Myco­ is certainly not related to Monographos, in glaena. The more well-known name Winteria whatever sense this genus is conceived, but Rehm ex Sacc. must unfortunately be aban­ probably lies closest to certain Lophiostomata- doned as illegitimate, cf. Holm 1975 p. 486. ceae, as already pointed out by Rostrup (1904). An imperfect form is often found intermixed Dangeardiella so far comprises two species, and is without doubt connected. It is similar in both of which were thoroughly dealt with b\ appearance (Fig. 4 B). but instead of asci conidia Obrist (1959); we refer to his paper in the main, are formed; they are rodlike. 2-cclled. hyaline. merely adding some complementary data. 10-12 x 1.5-2 urn, produced from a basal layer of pyriform conidiogenous cells. Apart from the clypeus. this form could be ascribed to Diplo- Dangeardiella fusi forma Obrist dina. Obrist. Phytopath. Zeitschrift 35: 381 (1959) - Type: Mycoglaena filicina is probably widespread, Switzerland, Graubünden. Val Tuors, "abgestorbene Blattstiele von Dryopteris filix-mas". E. Müller (ZT). Fig. 7. A: Nannfeldtia phegopleridis, ascocarp in surface view. - B: Pseudopettis filicum, part of shield, and but so far we have only collected it in Sweden. 4*i. -C: (ilomerella poly podii, asci and spores, in lactic blue. -D: Trichothyrina filtcum, mature ascocarp in Uppland. where it seems to be common at the Fig. IC, B.2D. E. surface view, with asci in lactic blue. - K: Idem, immature ascocarp. - All x 530. Ascocarps immersed—eru mpent , simple or com­ The ascocarps of this species are generally larger pound. In the former case they consist of a and more conspicuous than those of D. fusí' single pscudothecium. c. 250 pm diam,. with a forma. Simple ascocarps are about 450 urn diam. distinct, somewhat flattened papilla. The com­ with a strong papilla and quite similar to those of pound ascocarps attain a size of I mm, and a Lophiostoma. They not only occur in the leaf contain up to at least 3 "loculi* with very reduced veins but also on the slipes. The compound fruii- partition walls. These ascocarps may fuse to bodies have a long 'crest'. The spores are very form siili larger fruii bodies. The simple asco­ characteristic: large, fusiform, 65-75 x carps occur in the nerves of the lamina, the 10-11 pm. mostly 10-celled, constricted below larger ones in the petioles. the 5th cell, which is inflated. (Obrist's figures The spores display a wide variation, and the represent inverted spores). The terminai, baM- species is probably heterogeneous. Obrist shaped dilatations are a very peculiar feature, ( J 959) reported the spores to be 30-40 x 8-11 f*m, first noticed by Obrist, who states that they 6-8(-IOKelled. We found them to be 25-50 x finally become delimited by a septum forming a 6-10 /mi. 5-12-cellcd. Most of our material is separate "Kugelzelle". The asci are almost rather uniform, with short spores, about 25-30 x cylindrical, about 225 x 25 pan diam. 7.5-9 //in. 6-8-celled, elliptico-fusiform. asci D. macrospora definitely prefers Athyrium almost cyl'mdric, 80-100x12-15 pm. Three alpestre ( = disientifolium ) and has been found collections from Norway on Dryopteris ftlix- on that host in Scandinavia, the Alps and the mas, however, are remarkably different (nos. Riesengebirge. It seems to be rather common in 639b, 642 and 664b). The spores (Fig. I B) are Scandinavia. Rostrup M 904 p. 12) recorded it fusiform. 42-50 x 9-10 /*m. with 10-12 cells, the from Norway on Dryopteris spinulosa, and we asci rather saccate, c. 110-135 x 25 pro* This have found it on Athyrium filix-femina in a form recalls D. macrospora, but the spores are lowland locality in Norway: More og Romsdal. obtuse and lack the peculiar terminal "balls". It c. 4 km NE of Gjöra. about 200 m. seems rather intermediate. It is noteworthy that Obrist's measurements fall between those of our two forms, and that they refer to material found on Dryopteris filix-mas. Dangeurdtelltt fusi' Seirrhia Nitschke ex Fuckel forma is so far known only from the type Fuckel. Symb. Mycol. 220 (1870) - Leciocype Fig. 8. Asci and snores in lactic blue, - A: Hysteropeltelïa moravica. - B: Mycoglaena filicina. - All x 530. material. Wc have id collections, from 4 differ­ (selected by Clements & Shear 1931 p. 294): S. rimase ent hosts: (Alb. & Schwein, ex Fr.)Nitschke ex Fuckel. Metamern TheIss. & Sydow. Ann. Mycol. 13: 342 (1915) -Type: M.japoniea (Syd.)Syd. asmundae the centrum is composed of smaller Scirrhia aspidiorum (Lib.) Bubák Sweden: Skane. Skfiralid, I3.VI.I974. 216a. Dryopte- Scìrrhodothis Theiss. & Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 13: cells, more like the centrum of 5. rimosa. ris dilatala. - Uppland. Ekeby. E of lake Valien. 415 - Lee toi y pe (selected by Clements & Shear 1931 p Accordingly, Metameris s.lat. must be referred Bubák. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 34: 328 (1916) - 9.V.I975, 517b. Athyrium filix-femlna and 518b. 294):5. vonjluens (Starb.)Theiss. A Sydow. Sphaeria Aspldhrum Libert. PI. Crypt. Ard. 342 Scirrhophragma Theiss. A Sydow, Ann. Mycol. 13: to the Dothideaceae. It is perhaps questionable (1837) - Scirrhodothis Aspidiorum von Höhnet. Oryoptvris filix-mas. - Pularna. Sundborn, Gröps. wJieilier or not it should be included in Scirrhia 22.VI. 1974. 275b, Athyrium filix-femina. - Gröps. 423 -Type: S. regatls Theiss. & Sydow. Fragni. Mykol. 1185 (1919) - Monographos aspidio­ IH V. 1975. 555a, Dryopteris dilatata. - Gröps. 23. as done by Müder & von Arx (1962 p. 379). We rum sensu auet. nonnull.. non sensu Fuckel —Type: Belgium, "in stipitibus Aspidiorum. Vere." Vil. 1975. 707a. D. dilatata. - Logärdsdammcn. 27. The above synonymy is to some extent con­ cannot see any convincing reason why not. VI. 1976.883b. O. spinulosa. troversial. No doubt Metameria. Scirrhodothis Certain differences do exist in stromatic texture, Sphaeria pteridìcola Berk. &Curtis.Grevillc;i 4:145 Norway: Sör-Trondetag. Oppdal, pr. Gjevilsvass- (1876) C pt v riduoli') — Didvmella pi e ridicola Sacc., and Scirrhophragma are closely allied, and were but they are evidently immaterial. In Scirrhia Syll. Fung. 1:561 ( IKH2)-Type: USA. South Carolina. hytta. c. 800 m. 29.Vf. 1975, 639b & 642. Dryttpttris aspidhmim the stroma is composed of almost fllix-mas. - Möre og Romsdal. Gjöra. I.VII. 1975, united, rightly we think, by von Arx & Müller Pteridium aipiilinum, Curiis (K! UPS!). 664b. D. fllix-mas. (1975 p. 80) who used the name Metamern for rectangular cells (seen in section), disposed in Monographos microsporia Niessl in Krieger. F. the combined taxon. These authors, however, distinct vertical rows, whereas in the closely sax. 240 (1887) - Scirrhia microspora Sacc.« Syll- referred it to the Pleosporaceae, as also did Barr related "Metameris japonica" the stromatic Fung. 9: 1040 (1891),-. Type: Germany. Königstein. Dangeardlella macrospora (Schrot.) Sacc. & P. Athyriumfilix-femina. Krieger |S!>. (1972 p. 564), thus separating it far apart from cells are isodiametric and not serially arranged. Sydow Scirrhia confluens Starback. Bih. K. Sv. Vei.-Akad. the dothideaceous Se irrida. We cannot follow We would also cite 5. castagne! as a further Handl, 15. 3(2): 18 (1889) - Scirrhodothis confinais Sacc. A P. Sydow, Syll. Fung. 14: 683 (1899) - this classification, because Metameris, too. has argument for this presumed kinship: mor­ Theissen & Sydow. Ann. Mycol. 13: 415.(1915) - Monographus mucrosporus Schröter» Pilze Schlesiens an ascocarp centrum of Dothidea type. This is phologically it matches 5. rimosa very closely, Type: Sweden, öland. Ottcnbylund. Athyrium filix- 2: 477 (1X97) - Type: Germany. Silesia. Hirschberg. femina, l7.VI.I888.Siarbäck(UPS!). Athyrium ulprstre. particularly apparent in M. juponka. where the hut is biologically more similar to Metameris. centrum consists of large, broad cells, about since it also grows on a ptcridophyte viz. K\.\.: Krieger. F. sax. 240 ('Mo/i

3966 CM. micr.'. S) - Rehm, Asc. 931. 1064 CM. var. strulhiopteris Krieger ex Rehm. Hedwigb micr:. S) (non 932 g.e. M. fuckeiii) - Syd.. Myc. For a detailed description we refer to Obrist 31: 303 (1892); type: Saxony, Mottetti eia stru- posed, about ellipsoid, with one median septum, march. 2066 (S, UPS) (2183? vetusta» in S. UPS), non 1959 (though his Fig. 17 a represents inverted Syd., Myc. germ. 2143. q.e. M. fuckeiii). thiopteris -Rehm, Asc. 1064 (S!) According lo the upper ceJ) somewhat broader, elongate spores!). The synonymy given above is also hyaline, lastly faintly brownish, when young FiK. 1 E.F.3 A. B.5C. Rehm, the spores are "grösser und breiter als II based on his paper. He suggested Metameris bei der Stammform"« This seems very doubtful, with conspicuous oil droplets, K-fO x 3-4 pan. f japonica as a probable synonym, and it is no For a detailed description of this well-known but nevertheless Matteuccia may possibly have At the base of dead petioles of various ferns. I doubt very closely related, although some minor species we refer to Ohrisl (1959 p. 373), who. a form of its own: the imperfect state Sphaerith differences exist. In European material, the however, was apparently not fully aware of the thyrium Jtlicinum Bubák does seem to have a Sweden: Uppland. Uppsala-Nas. c. 700 m W of the : stromata are larger, up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm farm Högby. Dryopteris filix-mas. 27.IV. 1975,47%. - great variation which exists in its stroma mor­ marked preference for this host; e.g. we have 4 , broad, with numerous loculi, c. 100 urn dium.. Härjedalen. Tannas, Mt Hamrafjällei. SW slope, phology, which is quite noteworthy. When well- collections from Matteuccia, but only I (un­ arranged in up to 3 parallel rows. The spores are uppermost part of regio subalpina. 27. VI. 1975, Lastrea developed, (he stromata may attain 5 mm in certain) from another host i A thyrium filix- dryopteris. 605c, and Palystlehum lonchitis. 609c. 15-18x4 u.m. The type of Metameris japonica length and I mm in breadth, being composed of femina). Norway: Hedmark. pr. Trysil, ì.VII. 1975. Athyriam vertical series of ± cubic cells and containing (Fig, lH.5D.E)has smaller stromata, 0.3-0.6 filix-femina. 699b. numerous separate loculi. This type of stroma Scirrhia aspidiorum is common in Sweden, at mm, with only 1-3 loculi, which are larger, c. may perhaps be considered the basic one, from least Jn the lowlands, in the leaves of the larger 150 pxn diam. The spores are larger, and often which the others can be derived along two lines ferns, mainly on the petioles. It is perhaps broader, up to 26x6 u,m, but are of the same Schirothyrium spein-um (Fr. ex Fr.) L. & K. of evolution: (I) the fusion of adjacent loculi particularly common on A thyrium fiBx-femina» characteristic type. We leave the question open Holm. comb. nov. through reduction of the intermediate wall; but we have also found it on Dryopteris dilatata» whether or not the Japanese fungus is con- Sclerotium? speireum Fr. ex Fr.. Syst. Mycol. 2: 261 (2) the dismemberment of the stroma into smal­ D. spinulosa, D. filix-mas, Lastrea dryopteris specific with ours. (1822) - Sphaeria speirea Fr.. Obs. Mycol. I: 185 (new host?), L. thelypteris, Matteuccia stru- (1815) - Myiocopraloa speirea Ciferri. Atti Ist. Bot. ler discrete bodies with fewer loculi, ultimately Scirrhia osmundae was not known from thiopteris and Pteridium aquiUmtm. Lab. Critt. Univ. Pavia ser. 5. 15: 19 (1957) - Type: leading to the formation of uniloculate dolhi- Europe until 1915, when it was reported from N "In fnliis vivis Acgopodii Podagrariae*' (Scler. suec. thecia. This variability was rightly emphasized Germany by Theissen & Sydow. Since then no 206. UPS!). by Petrak

Desm., a species also present on the same oak common in the Uppsala area and certainly hast 1953: Ergebnisse einer Revision der Grundtypen Theissen. F. & Sydow. H. 1915: Die Dothideales. I verschiedener Gattungen der Askomyzeten und Annal. Mycol. 13: 149-746. leaf material and which is conspecific with our wide distribution: we have collected it in the ' Fungi imperfecti. Sydowia 7: 295-308. Winter. G. 1884-1887: Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen fungus. In consequence, we have to find another subalpine region of Mt Hamrafjället in Härje- Intrup. E. 1904: Norské AscomycetÎç. Christiania und Pyrenomyceten. In L. Rabenhorst (ed.), epithet for it. We consider that the best solution dalen, Sweden, and have also found it jo Vulenskahs-Setek. Skr.. Maih.-Naittrv. Kl. No. 4. Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Oesterreich is to adopt the old name Sphaeria speirea Fr., as Norway (Oppdal) and Iceland (Olafstjaröar- Sufci«. H. 1923: Myeolheca germanica Fase. und der Schweiz, 2. Aufl.. Bd 1(2). Leipzig. was done by Ciferri et al. (1957). Authentic múli). XXXVII-XLI ( no. 1801-2050). Annal. Mycol. 21: material is present in Scler. suec. no. 206; 165-181. although sterile, at least in the UPS copy, it is otherwise typical. References The following pteridicolous specimens have Arx, J. A. von & Müller, E. 1954: Die Gattungen de amerosporcn Pyrenomyceten. Beitr. Krypt.-t. been seen. Schweiz IKl). - - 1975: A re-evaluation of the bitunicate As*., Sweden: Uppland. Vus te raker, moist forest with mycetes with keys of families and genera. Studiu Daphne, on dead petioles of Dryopteris filìx-mus. i'/ì Mycology 9. 20.VI.t976. 889a. -Güstriktand. Hille. Brânnsâgen, at Barr, M. E. 1972: Preliminary studies on the Doth. the rivulet Tcsicboàn, on dead petioles of Osnuaidu dcales in temperate North America. Contr. Um* refaits, 2I.V. 1975. 562b. Mich. Herb. 9: 523-638. Booth. C. 1958: Two new species of Microlhyriclû The epithet perexigua should be transferred to the in Britain. Ken-Bull. 1957:423-424. discomycetc, called Nacvia minutissima (Awd) Rchm: Bubák, F. 1916: Systematische Untersuchung As Nacvia is illegitimate when used in this sense, the einiger Farne bewohnenden Pilze. Ber. Dettisi: name was recently replaced by Naevula Hein (1976 p. Bot. Ges. 34: 295-332. 83): the correct name for the fungus thus becomes Ciferri, R., Corte. A. & Montemariini. A. 195* Naevala perexigua (Rob. ex Desm.) L. & K. Holm, Myiocopraloa speirea (Fries) Cif. agente díl comb. nov. • Phucidium perexiguam Robergc ex * "croste puntiformi" delle mele. Atti Ist. Bot. Luh Desmazières, Ann. Sei. Nat. Bot. scr. 3; 11 ; 362 Crin. Univ. Pavia, ser. 5. 15: 10-20. (1849). Clements, F. E. & Shear, C. L. 1931: The genera]*/ fungi. New York. Desmazières, J. B. H. J. 1849: Dix-septième notu. Trichothyrina filicum L. & K. Holm, sp. nov. sur les plantes cryptogames récemment découvert* en France. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, H: 339-365 Typus: Suecia. Uplandia, par. Dalby, pr. "Jerusa­ Fries, E. M. 1815: Observations mycologicue • lem", 7.X. 1976. Pteridium aquilinum. in frondibus anni praeteriti. K. & L. Holm, no. 931a (UPS). Hauniae. Fuckel, L. 1876: Symbolac mycologicae. Nachtrag 111 Fig. I P. 7 D. E. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturkunde 29-30: 1-39. Hein, B. 1976: Revision der Gattung Laelinuct Species Triehothyrinae pinophyllae affinis. sed ab ea Nannf. (Ascomycetes) und Neuordnung der Nae* differì imprimis sporis eguttulaiis. cellula superiori basi oideae. Willdenowia, Beiheft 9. infiala. Höhnet, F. von 1917: Mykologische Fragmente CXN CXC. Annal. Mycol. 15: 293-383. Ascocurps scattered, =S 100 pm diam., flattened - 1918: Mykologische Fragmente CXC1-CCXC. Ai with a distinct pore. Asci rather numerous, c. 25, nal. Myeol. 16: 35-174. elongate-pyriform. sessile, 8-spored. Spores Holm, L. 1975: Nomenclatura! notes on Pyrer fusiform, obtuse, 2-celled, distinctly inflated mycetes. Taxon 24: 475-488. - & Holm, K. 1977: A study of the l.cptopeltidacc- above the median septum, 8-12x2.5-3 p.m. Bot. Notisrr 130: 215-229. hyaline, eguttulate. No interthecial threads Müller. E. & Arx. J. A. von 1962: Die Gattungen § present, and apparently no superficial myce­ didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitr. Krypt.-l lium. Schweiz 11(2). 1973: Meliolales, Coronophorales, SphacnaK On dead leaves of various ferns, growing on In G. C. Ainsworth. F. K. Sparrow & A. S. Sussm.. the petiole as well as on the lamina, particularly (eds.). The Fungi4 A, Chapter 6. New York. on the upper surface. Nannfeldt. J. A. 1976 a: MicropezizaFuck. and Scu: mollisia Nannf. nov. gen. (Discomycetes Inopi' cufaìi).Boii'Notiser 129: 323-340. This minute fungus has evidently not been - 1976 b: lodine reactions in ascus plugs and IIH reported before; nevertheless it seems to be taxonomie significance. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. à quite common on several ferns. We have found 283-287. it on Athyrium filix-femina. Dryopleris dilatata. Obrist, W. 1959: Untersuchungen über einige „dort deaie"GMungfin. Phytopath.Zeiischr.35: 357-3S* D. filix-mas, Matteuccia strttthiopteris. Polysti- Petrák, F. 1927: Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Sternbci ( hum lonchitis and Pteridium ae/uilinum. It is in Mähren. II. Annal. Mycol. 25: 344-388.