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“I Caratteri Ecosistemici Del Paesaggio”

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“I Caratteri Ecosistemici Del Paesaggio” Comune di Collesalvetti Provincia di Livorno, Regione Toscana NUOVO PIANO STRUTTURALE COMUNE DI COLLESALVETTI ANALISI DELLA II INVARIANTE STRUTTURALE “I CARATTERI ECOSISTEMICI DEL PAESAGGIO” NEMO srl Firenze Firenze, gennaio 2018 Nuovo Piano Strutturale comunale – II Invariante strutturale “I caratteri ecosistemici del paesaggio” INDICE 1 INTRODUZIONE ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2 ANALISI DELLA II INVARIANTE: ASPETTI METODOLOGICI .................................................................... 6 3 INQUADRAMENTO VEGETAZIONALE E FLORISTICO ............................................................................. 8 3.1 INQUADRAMENTO GENERALE DEL PAESAGGIO VEGETALE ............................................................................ 8 3.2 ANALISI E DESCRIZIONE DELLE UNITÀ DI VEGETAZIONE E RELATIVA CARATTERIZZAZIONE FLORISTICA ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1 Formazioni forestali e macchie alte ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Macchie basse, arbusteti, garighe e prati aridi ........................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 Ecosistemi palustri e lacustri ................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Agroecosistemi ........................................................................................................................................ 28 4 INQUADRAMENTO FAUNISTICO .............................................................................................................. 38 4.1 INVERTEBRATI ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2 VERTEBRATI .......................................................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Ittiofauna .................................................................................................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Anfibi ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.3 Rettili ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.4 Uccelli ...................................................................................................................................................... 54 4.2.5 Teriofauna ............................................................................................................................................... 63 5 MORFOTIPI ECOSISTEMICI E RETE ECOLOGICA COMUNALE: VALORI, CRITICITÀ E INDIRIZZI PER LA PIANIFICAZIONE .......................................................................................................................... 66 5.1 MORFOTIPI ECOSISTEMICI .................................................................................................................................. 66 5.2 DAI MORFOTIPI ECOSISTEMICI ALLA RETE ECOLOGICA COMUNALE ........................................................... 66 5.3 RETE ECOLOGICA COMUNALE: DESCRIZIONE DEGLI ELEMENTI STRUTTURALI E FUNZIONALI ............... 69 5.3.1 Elementi strutturali: valori, dinamiche, criticità indirizzi per le azioni........................................................ 69 5.3.2 Elementi funzionali: descrizione e indirizzi per le azioni .......................................................................... 95 6 AREE DI VALORE CONSERVAZIONISTICO: DAI VALORI AGLI INDIRIZZI PER LA PIANIFICAZIONE106 6.1 INTRODUZIONE ................................................................................................................................................... 106 6.2 AREE DI VALORE CONSERVAZIONISTICO “RICONOSCIUTE” ........................................................................ 106 6.3 ULTERIORI AREE DI VALORE CONSERVAZIONISTICO ................................................................................... 114 7 CONCLUSIONI .......................................................................................................................................... 117 8 BIBLIOGRAFIA ......................................................................................................................................... 118 9 ELENCO ESPERTI .................................................................................................................................... 122 2 Nuovo Piano Strutturale comunale – II Invariante strutturale “I caratteri ecosistemici del paesaggio” INDICE TABELLE Tabella 1 Tipologie vegetazionali, e relative superfici, presenti nel territorio comunale di Collesalvetti. ....................... 30 Tabella 2 Habitat di interesse comunitario, e relative superfici, presenti nel territorio comunale di Collesalvetti. .......... 33 Tabella 3 Specie vegetali di interesse conservazionistico presenti nel territorio comunale. .......................................... 36 Tabella 4 – Elenco di Invertebrati di rilevante interesse conservazionistico segnalati per il Comune di Collesalvetti. ... 39 Tabella 5 – Elenco Coleotteri rilevati per la Piana di Guasticce (Fonte Bordoni et al., 2006). ....................................... 41 Tabella 6 – Elenco specie ittiche presenti nel Comune di Collesalvetti. ........................................................................ 49 Tabella 7 - Elenco specie di Anfibi presenti nel Comune di Collesalvetti. ...................................................................... 51 Tabella 8 – Elenco specie di Rettili presenti nel Comune di Collesalvetti. (* specie alloctona di origine americana) .... 52 Tabella 9 – Elenco delle specie ornitiche presenti nel Comune di Collesalvetti con popolazioni nidificanti, estivanti e svernanti. (W=svernante; B=nidificante; R=sedentaria; E=estivante). ........................................................................... 54 Tabella 10 – Elenco delle specie di Mammiferi presenti nel Comune di Collesalvetti (Presenza: C=Certa, PROB= Probabile; POSS=Possibile). ......................................................................................................................................... 63 Tabella 11 Rapporto tra morfotipi ecosistemici, rete ecologica ed elementi strutturali. ................................................. 67 Tabella 12 Elementi funzionali della rete ecologica e loro localizzazione. ..................................................................... 68 Tabella 13 Aree protette, Siti Natura 2000 e altri strumenti di tutela presenti nel territorio comunale di Collesalvetti. 107 INDICE FOTO Foto 1 Cerreta delle basse colline di Nugola, già nodo della rete ecologica forestale. .................................................. 13 Foto 2 Lecceta mesofila di Colognole, nell’alta Valle del torrente Morra, con presenza di latifoglie (ad es. Fraxinus ornus e Sorbus torminalis) e ricco sottobosco con Ruscus aculeatus. In primo piano un tratto dell’acquedotto leopoldino di Colognole. ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Foto 3 Boschi misti di roverella (Quercus pubescens) e leccio (Q.ilex) nell’ambito del paesaggio rurale delle basse colline presso Parrana San Martino (loc. Pian Alto). ..................................................................................................... 16 Foto 4 Formazioni miste di conifere e, secondariamente di latifoglie e sclerofille, nell’alta Valle del Rio Savalano (versanti settentrionali del Poggio Gabbruccio), attribuibili all’habitat di interesse comunitario delle Pinete mediterranee di pini mesogeni endemici. ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Foto 5 Formazioni arboree ripariali lineari a Salix sp.pl. e Populus sp.pl. presenti lungo il Fosso dell’Acqua salsa (sx) e presso le sponde del torrente Isola (dx). ........................................................................................................................ 20 Foto 6 Vegetazione ripariale arborea e arbustiva, a dominanza di Salix alba e Populus alba, lungo il Rio delle Mignatte, affluente del torrente Ugione. Presenza di forti alterazioni della qualità ecosistemica complessiva co scarsa qualità delle acque e alterazione della vegetazione ripariale. ........................................................................................ 20 Foto 7 Vegetazione ofiolitica con rade garighe (cava La Focerella, a sx), macchie basse e prati aridi (Poggio alle Fate, a dx), ginepreti a ginepro rosso (Valle del torrente Ugione, a sx) e caratteristica flora di serpentinofite (ad es. in foto Onosma echioides e Alyssum bertolonii, in loc. Focerella). .......................................................................................... 22 Foto 8 Stadi di ricolonizzazione arbustiva e arborea su ex pascoli e coltivi (con roveti, ginestreti, pruneti) presso Colognole (loc. Poggio del Granduca). .........................................................................................................................
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