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UOL. RLU WAIIfHU X TH, D. 1. FEBRUARY, 1946 II. 2I N 6VESY JQ THERE'S A LAUGH OR TWO

Brother Hoover ho contributed this frst in A LINEMAN'S LIFE A LINEMAN'S PRAYER a sries of pohems hlih he olrs "Rhymres o/ the Times." Glad to ht'e them, Brothe., Send us We get tired loafin' and sittin' around, A lineman on a pole. more! We grab our hooks and head for town A foreman on the ground; We go to our local and get us a card, The lineman said, 'May I quit INTERNATIONAL SPORTS We find us a job and the work is hard. When the sun goes down.?" The foreman did reply. I wonder if the reason Our hooks are rusty, our belts are worn, 'You shall work till dark." That the nations are afraid Yet we climb those poles every morn; "Then I will pack my tools Could be because they're strangers, Yes, they are old, with.out a doubt, And on my way I'l start, That they've never really played But we can take it and stick it out. I'll roam this wide, wide world, The game of peace straight out in front Ill roam from town to town And tried to keep both eyes A lineman's life is a tough old life, Looking for a kitld-hcarted foreman On honest competition, That's why we guys don't need a wife; Who will quit when the sun goes down. Not some up-the-sleeve surprise. 'Cause we work ..ne job then on our way, And when I'm dead just bury me dee, Something about us we can't stay. And place my h..ks upon my feet. If we'll be sparts as nations Place my plierts i my right hand There is coInlnon ground to find. We get our checks and head for town. So I lay stiring wire in the 1'rosisalt Iand." Fingers busy forming handshakes, Itit some "joint'" and buy some rounds; E. I I). .tA, Do not seek a club behind. When we all get together we haven't a care, L. U. No. s835. When the evening is aver our pockets are D. A. HooVn. bIare. L. U. No. 1306, A THOUGHT Of all the jsbn tho t we have seen, Never let your heart grow weary, We think the lineman's is nest keen: If things don't come your way We like this work, and that's no lie, For usually the darkest night THE MAINTENANCE MAN So we'll be lineman till we die. Brings forth the brightest (lay. By the wife of F.iANK neo. In time of true rejoicing HereS to the underpaid son of a gun. L. U. 981. With cessation of cruel war A jack of all trades and master of one. Wer've a countes heap of blesingls le's a motor inspector and carpenter, too, To thank our Maker for. Or a millwright or welder or what have you. BILL linS. Call him on breakdowns of any old kind, L. U. No. 215. And you will discover he's not hard to find. If an armature's gone or a bearing is hot. Or a contactor is lroken or a pinion is shot, Thi po,,I nas ,ri ten b, "Slnth ,'' abo4t If a solenoid valve on a diesel is leaking. L. U. No. 48'n tresatirc Willian Beat. Or a brake hand is binding or something squeaking; LESS WE FORGET If a motor has stopped and refuses to start, Or if sonething is bi"utel and falling apia.rt, I'd like to wrilt if a man you know Doesn't make any difference whatever it is; Who's never trid to I'put on a show, T[he trouble is usually hiu,,ned to be his. A man who's bieen tried through mIany years. Ilis good fellow pals cua tell him just how. And ,ot one of his duties ever did fear, To fix any trouble, for don't they know how? A man who's lone. o re for labors cause lie is usually told his trouble's a "'short," Than the ones who irew up our bylaws. Or a 'blown ftuse," or a thing of that sort. A lot of new members never know To his bosses and others he's just a bull, t, This lan that never puts on a show, This underpaid electrical son of a gun. iHe's an old mrethr with regard to years; He works in the g.reas and grime up to his And has helped to brush away manly tears. neck, Hle's paid the rent, so men could meet In the course if a day lie lay eat a peek And fed meni that were hungry on the street. ie's greasy and dirty and looks like a burn. H's paid nur per capita when we were broke One reason, perhaps, why they think hinm so Front his private aeccount a check he wrote, dumb. le's the daddiiy of tir pinica, once a year- Where everyfhiig is free. except the beer. There are times when he uses his clothes for ('Citi (i;. RiORNDA]L,. a mop, L. U. No.. Ma a widow whose husband has gone And he packs enough tools to start a stid] IElirived a thousand dollars to help her along. shop. I amn sure bhat not many of you know In the shop he's slpposed to supply all 1he ATOMI' QUERY 'Twas this same man, who never acted for- fleefL show, Of his fellow workers, from brass to good They discuss the force atomic, That paid the rent oni our hail; deeids. The formidable power dynamic, Was the daddy of this law that helps us all. It's something they want, perhaps its brand Its hidden mysteries strive to reveal; I am sure I can't write half that he's ldone new. My query though it be ignoranic, That's helped us all, every last one, A piece of lamp cord or maybe a screw; To me it's most economic: lip's wvatrhed our treasury for a iong time; Will atniic age extend my wage Or if some guy's gadget is Tartly askew, ie's always accounted for every. ime, Will he fix it? Anlld hurry! Yes, he'll do that, To fill my stolach with a nourishlig neal? Ii I were at a m eciig, which 1 ieer ai, A Bit o' Luck too. I'd take ty hat off to this union man. Ass; Cric. Wearing his tools he goes plodding along: man another 'onven- L. U. No. 3. If we ever send a to Sometimes with a scowl, more often a song. tion Here's hoping some day they'll be paying I hope to he there, his name to mention. mlore Ilmon" So now I will elose, so a nan you all know To this underpaid electrical son of a gii. We h've omeunew etaribo tors to our page this month. Thanks, iroihers, .nd sncd It ,,ro.. Brother Brust, whonever acts for show, H1.B. F .w.. wo.,, Cane on, all pu, pores and jokesteir. This is an CLINTON StIMi'r, 1-. iU. No. GiD7. S.O.S. We need your rotttribaliongl L. U. No. 48, Eq. M. B& agd 120koo `LeentSt, A V., V4wa4hi4yfan,2h. e.

Contents M44;4214WIS Page Frontispiece-Empiployment Is a Reslpunsibilit of Managenient 42 Public Interest in Management's I'Profits - -. 43 CHAT Will Electrical Workers Become Atomic Workers?.….… 45 Political Issues Underlying Atomic Bomib -... 46 January. lippel in like a h..,b It brought Acts of Menii, Not Fate, Make Wars -. .-- 48 the usual tote of resot itions, aridwoii bad, Science in Government Long a Tradition - - - 49 and incidentally, as far as this itJliation Reconvert Union Label ls Wise Advice - - -- 50 iS concer1ed1, it brought ia al incra sod

Growth of the Labor Movement ..- - . 51 nber of letrtis fluram corresponderints.) Electricity Causes Greatest Fire Loss - - - - 52 Glamorous tollywoodi's Santa Claus Lane .- -.. 53 Long Hours Do Not Pay Industry. - -.. 54 It may well he that IL ol)J faithfulos who Canada Advances Union Managementc Cooperation - -55 sen il cal 1... .ncii'Ie;pti,.lv.l)ce to the Knotty Electrical Problemrn Made Practically Simple - -- 56 JOURNAI, iur not awaIC of the totil effEct Winter Meeting oif Top Executive Council - …-57 of thei, letelr uupon the orgailliz:liin. The Editorial ...... --- 58 letters Seltve to give a seclion,ross of Opinion all a history of the ol'gItillJtioh Woman's Work .....- ….. 60 each month. u.ho the ,ntiie United Correspondence ..- - - 62 States and Cana.tl, Thlis i, valuable Another University Offlers Cour'ses to Workers - … … 71 to our readers. Death Clainms Paid ... 70 In Memoriam - - - .72 Local Union Official IReceil)s ....- - 77 Throughot the 3eHis thlure has heen a * This Jiurnal will not he held resptn'ihlh for views expressed by correspoidents. general rise in tihe tiilldal i f tiese lett.rs The first of each month is the rlosing dale: all copy must he in our hands on or before. so that they have coeic to folfil ot uiiy an interesting pItI of the publication hut a EX(CI TIYVE OFFI('ERS valuable part. Intrnationai President. Enwrnn J lnowN., Interuni hnal Secretalnry, (G M. UGcNIAZZT, 1200 During the last year of the war this cor- 1200 15th St., N. W., Waghinlton 5. 0. C. 15lb St.. N W. Wahington 5. D. C. respondenre Ixgan to Call off Tbis was, in International Treasurer W A HOGN., 64? South Sixih Ave., Mt. Vernon. N. Y. part, due to the lInack of space in the oURNA"L VICE PRISIDENTS INTERNATIONAL and the failrue of tle JOURNAl. tO encourage EXECUTIVE (OUNCIL Firt Ditriit E. Io.eNM and expres ple(ne'itioll for the work of 195 Dundas St., London. Ont.. Canada CmnaRLS M. PAU.S£EN, Cbairman tbe local col-rerponthtlts. Seond D)istrict Jloln J. .C.An 4937 W. Cuyler Ave., Chicago 41. II. Rn]. 239. Park Square. Bldg., Bo onit. Mass. First District-linry VlA AisroarL. JI. Thild District WILIAM I). WAtlER 110 E. 25th St., New York 10. N. Y Room 1102, City Cet e Bids,I 121 N.orth lroad St., Philah piihil 7, Pa. Seond District F. L. K.L..¥ D5 Beacon SI.. Hyde Park 30. Mass. We wish to .I.l. i plllartilinfo this nee- Fourth District GORiON M, FE.MAN 1423 Ilanilton Nal nal Iatnk ilig., Third District WILrIAml( . Snoan ('Slsay ovleriglt iLld express fIll nnd ade- hattanoogi, en ien. 2104-5 Law & Finance Bldg., Pittsburgh 19. Pa. quate appreciation Fifth District C. X. RAS.ER Fourth District C. F. Pa.Lcatr of the local scribes and 900 Watts Bldg., Biiallghanl 3. Ail. 2025 2nd St., N. E., Washington 2. D. C. encourage then, to come back in the publica- Sixth District M. . Bovtr Fifth District I)DANMANNING 4S00 [,ahk Shute Drive, Chblago 13. IH tion IS0 No Wells St., Chicago 6. ill and perform their usual good sevi. Seventh District W.L.1,ITaAM 3641 LIugh ..on St., Forth Writh 4. Texas Sixth District D. WV.T.RCI Eighth District I.I. Dit, Uddystone Apartments, Washington 5, I) ('C 504I i)ner Th.atre .ldg. Igt, p 2everiC Slovlth Distirict Cii&aLt J3.1 Ninth District J. Scor' , 147T 19Ih St, Snn Franirseo 10, Calif Cover: Courtesy Deparitment of A ricul- 910 (1el /I Tower, Sa. 3franci3,(.]Cf. Eighth Dirstrict J. I. MsRnli: ttrte. Riol W.R. SI., ia,.. 600~Chj. S..th I. 6i e'v 1{5Jaims St., abor Temple. 330 South Welln St. Roum 000, (hieago 6. ill Winnipeg, Man.. Canada Frontis piece: Courtesy Fede, I Security Administration. re

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EMPLOYMENT IS A RESPONSIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT THE JOURnAL OP ELECTRICAL WUORKERS Afl OPERATORS OFFICIAL PUSLICATION1 OF TIE Ntt A I N t * O H 5 C O O L C RC L WORICE$ krhCt .t wa.,o .IM a c, O.o~ (. *isY .nw. l.la i t~l. ·@1*( P .t d ~r I lC,a,,t. nr ou .a, iI1 *r( , M.'O fL. I itI IJa. t2OPtWUSI ar)n M nu,a A* v

VOL. XLV WASHINGTON. D. C., FEBRUARY, 1946 NO. 2

Most businesses al . cni ducted on a mass prqo- duction basis. T'i philosophy of mass pro- duction (thib ien ifTects industries wher mass production does not obtain like the building construction business) turns on the following principles. Large volume of pro- P"4MIrc ycpmpn4PROFITS duiction at low prie where good profit, are accumulated by reason of the widespread sales over wide areas; low unit cots; the Mamaq~sme PROFITS payment of good wages ansothat high purchas- ing power is thiceved so that a large,olune Tlie Irouble with the word nlanaeent, of goods will be distributed. If any part of and it iF on neatly everyne's lips today, We are in a period of resurveying this proces is ineglcted. the eonyomic ,r- is that it nlea n mor. than one thing. relations with management. Some tern is penalized and the public and the eon- Mana.gement imay he the Kroup of individ- sumer suffer as a Iresult. If, for instanee, as uals who operate business, o nlanagement fundamentals happened in the period between 1921 anl may mean a group of processes or even a 1929, wages are not properly raised, goods are properly scince. If people are not careful, t le speak Camble CincinnatiCompany, (Ohio. Mi. priced, a jam results that eventuates ija a serious of these two different concnept interchange- Denpree said: crash such as the ably and great crash of 1929 and the subsequent wide- with confusion. loiwevrr, a distinct '"It seems to me that we in naRntllgetent growth is seen spread kporession. It is net easonablie to ex- in the public nmind in respect have to look to steady employm.ent as a peet the public will not be interested ill these to nanageutllt inasmuch as nln'agement is meatis of taking ca]e of a lot of grief and being matters when the failure of the mass pro- distinguished from owne-rhip. There trouble in this country. And I also think we was a time inot so long ago whreu ownership duction systen to operate properly makes have to eoniidler the problem of steady em- the underlying andl management were identifid as the same ployment pu.ndation pay such a tre- front the aspect of boinean econo- mendoues price. group f interests. miea and from the point of view of its Stripped eifect down to the essentials, we have upon our:socirl structure .... in every industry a group Oif nln Studies Made who are "If you can tell me a at Brookings cherged with the operatin nf the iniustry more potent aove and a g..l'Op toward bettering conditions than assutino of men who do IhI actual work. steady jobs Led by Edwin G. Nnorse, the Brookings One is called management for workers., I wonI like to Institt~tion, an.l on is called know what it is. You do Washingto, D. C., has beon the wor-king force. One of the prevailing not have to be a making a series if studies in jal- very wise mnL to see the relation to leiee of the present in ""nI reverlse of this-- price, distribution section ib the that it we conlidnue and rhlationship of wages view that to have great eretninf)tyt if there were no unions there in employment, to price. would be no anargement-Iabor problems. there is untold trouble ahead. I do not think any man can predict ..- advance proof cannot be given as This. of couse, is absurmd. Tlhere would to the relationship of noet, price, volunn probably be more problems how auio , I know that you can say no and oire niald- matter what we do there and technique which can be established in jnstments if there were is trouble ahead. no unio.l. than there That is prob.ably correct. the first or the third, the fifth or the tenth al'e now. But I say, by the And iftel lce there would be no same Ioken, there is no chance year after the close of hostilities. Put we industrial democracy. of correcting it. no chance of having a stable economy believe that the potemtiality of aour tehb- nieal pruodctivity Organizing o Business except as we in some manner are able to in these future years is work out the problem beyond anything with which we have had Generally speaking, of creating reaonably their are only three steady enmployment, previous experience and that the onvrr- ways of ,gani:,ing a business: sion of that putentiality into reality presents 1. On the master-man basis where the two alternatives. Either Steady Employment (a) incomes must whip prevail, and the workers have be high enough to buy at present or prewar nothing to say about their conditions of prices, many "1 feel that this is the job of the manu- more goods than consusnerr work. Luckily, this form of organiza- have previously enjo.ld, factureL. I lhopt. vy much that neither the or, preferably. ton lns all but passed out. (b) prices liust be so imuch lower that state nort the FPed-A.l Ger.nment t temnllts more 2. A eomlbination where tbbr is rnanized goods and seriev.s- a higher scale to guarantee stealdy jobs. I think such a pro- of liv- but has little to say except in a negantive ing-than they have ever enjoyed can lin] is doom.dI to falure beo.re i starts, be way abut condiUltons of work and other purchaed with ibnunne of the and will do nothing but make for trouble. masse at vital imatters. This d.scribes most 1usi- O the acecustoned levels. If the increased pro- " n the Ithlie hand, it is going to be very e.sses today. ductivity is not traniatCid into widejy dis- helpful bi the Administratin at 3. A tniritisowhwelrganized c buiniess Washing- tributed puichasing power, this potentiality and unim a,-e recognized a a lairiler ton if the nmen responnhle for employmentt will not be realized in practice and the pros. can work out in the business and patlicipate in many to a reasonable extiTlL steady Ipets that resiiiptioll of business undr prI- jobs for thei workers vital questions of nolalaenenm. Tiis anp- steady employment. vate enterprise will be effeted on a besrt pears to be a growing trend. "I hlappen to be one of those who believes of full-scalI national production will na What appears to Ie, in the mood of the that if ibis stj(i!ct weve Ihraooghily tackled be bright." peo*he is the glowing conocpt tlbt thare (synmpathetieally, is I must add) by inbdustry This is from a book ealrld "Priice Making pi bl intite-rrst in privatreu lsinea and that such a trem-nd.ous impi-oveme.at woldrc- in a Decaraey" the reahtiontship betweet ,nnlnaeginle]t and suit that hihor Iladiers would see it, labor For the hnndrlied years liebr, tanjd -elationships brlwetn mnanoge- itself wool. d sve it, the Administraionl prio' to l;t, price were supposed to be sot by a "divine ' monit ani the cnnsumer, andi the eIlotin- would see it, and this would be tr-neninialusly economic law called supply and sahil between management n.l ipnofits are helpful to our economy and to oUr. molie.' demand, in attaehbl with public inteirt. the open market. So long as free eompetition One .reasonfor the new interost in man- did work to a dlegre, this was in a measure This view was ably expressed by Richard agerunt andnlmanaeremen's probenles pInt. - true. At least, the public did not need to R. Deupr-e, president of The Procter and ably lies in the nature of prodetion today. worry about some of the problemna it is now The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors

disaster when the bottom fell out of the PERCENTAGE IN(ICREASE IN PROFITS BEFORE INCOME TAXES market.' to inflation, he asserted, FIRST HALF YEAR 1944 OVER HALF-YEAI AVERAGES FOR 1939-1941 Pressures leading of M1ore- LARGE INDUS'ITIAL CORPORATIONS are all inevitable product warfare. AND 19364-1939--1,120 over, history teaches that they do notdissli- I'Percentage Increase in I'rofits Before Taxes pate withll the cessation o5 hostilities but con- Pitst Half nf 1911 over tinue to build up through the next few years Ialf-Year Aveiage THef-Year Average until a breaking point is reached. In the INDUSTRIAL GROUp 19839-1941 I 9;e-1939 wake of the resulting collapse follows a ser- TOTAL OF ALL GROUPS ...... - 83.3% 212.7% ous econri.l.e dlepession. DURABLE-GOODS MANIFA(T'ITURING -- 80.2 256.8 Aftei the Revolutionary War, he pointed NON-DURABLE-GOGODfS MAN FACTUR- oti, tht purchasing Il.o.V r.f [1, Anleiean ING .-...... 93.2 179.3 dlllaJi fli tol:L cent. afti', the Civii War NON-MANUFACTURING.... 64.1 172.4 SSLECTIT CRoItPS to Ii eints,arfe' World War I to 40 cents. Dtr.bih On V-i Dlay it tood at 76 cents. Today we Ensines and Turbil...... 120A1 2,431.3 r- h4,eady well into the foothills of infla- Aireraft and Parts.. 127.1 1,686.4 tkin. Whether or not we permit ourselves Lumbern and Timbre Basic rIoducts---.... 117.5 1,064.4 to e drawn into the dizzy spiral, only to be Motor Vehiel Parts simd Ac', ..s(i.s...... 236.3 896.0 hurled later over the precipice of collapse, Electrlical Mchinery other thai. ihldustrial depends upon what steps we take, in the ian] Co.l.nllf. iea tiol, Equi[lmet-nt 231.3 7722 next few mouths to control illationiary Non-Dl'r,,ou.. etal Productso ,thr tha.l 727.3 pressures. Je'ay, Silverware e te.....- ... - -.. 272.0 to Admhlistra- Metalworking Machinery- ..-..-.... 95.1 527.8 These pressures, according Electrical Communieatihi EqaLipmennt... .. 241.0 520.6 teo Bowle, are of two kinds, eenomie and No,,-D,,abies psychological. "Clearly inflation ary ies- Tanned and Finished Loath-r_ -...... - 229.0 65,403.9 sales at this timne far exced thso which ex- Woolens and Worsteds-.-...... 204.7 1,049.3 isted at the end of World War 1," he de- Cottoll Textiles .-...... -. 187.5 783.0 lared. "'It seems highly probable that aband- Ruhber Products …...... 263.6 697.6 onme.nt of controls at this time would lead Knitted Goors-.-.-.-...... 284.1 533.3 to inflation at least as badl as tlat whichl Non-dfaaufneltu ing brought tragedy to millions after World 204.8 1,148.1 Bituminous a..l ,)ierI Soft Coal ..... War L".' In support of his position he of- Transportation .icci i ding Rsilroads).... 159.9 749.5 fered the following compariso: worrying about. But with the rule of monop- fore of vital importance in shaping the I ?liflio,,n of Dollrs oly and cartels, prices could be sot by owners course of future events. Theirs are the Sor, ce of World World assuring e conomicstability, of fioonomie Pressure War I War II and employers and the free market became problems of Volume of public saving 27 145 a myth. It is because of this tremendous avoiding the pitfalls of postwar inflation. Currency in ireculation: new power of the ownes andil employtrs over During wartime the Otlice of Price Ad- At start of war-..... 3.1 7.2 prices that we have today the widespread ministration was charged with the duty of At end of war-...... l4.9 26.7 public interest in prices. Someone has said establishing and mintaining ceiling prices that price is just another way of funneling on all essential items of production. Today Rise ...... 1.8 19.5 profits into coffers. Other values changel, with Congress faces the choice of prolonging the Balance in checking ac- the chane in price control. For instance, life of the OPA or'allowing it to expire counts at banks: what does managen.ent get plaid for if risk as originally scheduled on the 2oth of next At start of war----- 10.1 27.4 14.8 69.1 ib taken out of business? If the corporation June. At end of war -.. or monopoly or cartel is powerful enough Ealy· in December, 1945, Price Ademinis- Rise ...... 4.7 41.7 to control conditions. stability is achieved. trator Chester Bowles appeared before the Total cost of war ... 32 301 Then risks disappear. Management then gets Small Business Committee of the United Estimated military ex- paid for mIuleting the public and not for tak- States Senate to outline policies and ob- penditures in first ing risks. This is an abrupt and harsh way jectives of his agency in regard to big and year after V-J Day - 41 of painting a condition that has been reached little establishments. Risk capital tends to Since a large proportion of our members' Dangers stemming from psychologieal in some industries. public fear that the disappear. employers-particularly those in the elec- pressut es lie in general It is well to recall that proiits were con- trical construction and manufacturing fields price line will fail to hold. This is evidenced ,iderable under the war years of a con- -belong to the so-called "small business" by increased hoarding, by the buying of class of enterprises (i.e., firms doing an an- unnecessary goods, by the progressive in- trolled economy. uncon- Labor is forced to be interested in the nual business of under $200,000), and since crease of real estate prices where question of the relation between wages and price control is a subject of considerable trolled. by wild scrambles to purchase those and by the bullish prices and wages and profits. The general public concern at the moment, we believe goods which are available public in time also will be forced to be in- that our members will be interested in what condition of the stock market. With many terested in these major problems of our Administrator Bowles had to say to the shares hitting 14-year highs it is becoming time. committee on small business, whether they apparent that today numerous small inves- agree with him or not. tors are taking "fliers" in the market, he stated. PRICESSMALLAND BUSINESS Inflation Is Devastating PRICES AND SMALL BUSINESS Profits Unsurpassed By way of background he first briefly out One of the most highly controversial is- lined the devastating effects of inflation in Profits under price eontrol, Mr. Bowles sues of the postwar transition period is destroying values of savings deposits, bonds, points out t have been unsurpassed at any price control. While recognized as a neces- insurance and other forms of fixed income, tinle. In 1945 corporation profits for all sary accompaniment to effective production how it multiplies business failures, property types of business combined ran to about 22 control during wartime, in peacetime control losses and foreclosures, how it creates unem- billions of dollars before deductions for of prices is viewed by many as wholly for- ployment and decimates earnings of farmers taxes, and are expeted to be around 9.3 eign to American ideals of free economy. and workers. billions after taxes are paid. These figures Recent months have seen it criticized round- "lnthe price rise and collapse of the last compare with 5.3 billions and 4.0 billions ly and frequently in the name of "free enter- war it was not big but little business that before and after taxes, respectively, for the p rise.' suffered most severely," declared Mr. Bowles. pre-war year of 1939; with 9.3 billions and The first 10 to 12 months following V-J "Big business, with its greatel access to eco- 8.1 billions, respectively, in the halcyon days Day will cast the mould of our economic nomic information and greater resources, of 1929. history for the ensuing decade. The role filled inventories in advance of price rises. Small, unincorporated concerns shared the of Congress in making crutcial decisions and It was little business that filled its inven- prosperity evidenced by larger corporations. of the various Federal administrative agen- tories when prices were near the peak. So it 8o did retail and wholesale establishments, cics in effectuating those decisionsa is there- was little busileas that suffered greatest IConltned on page 75) FEBRUARY, 1946 45

k ClATill ATOMI ./oaeu Be~m ATOMIC *'z~ehc? I electical workers become atomic Already the electrical industry w orkers? This may not he a far fethed possibility. During a very ryecnt meet- is trying to piece the picture of ing of the National Association of Manu- facturers in New York a symposium of atomic future together scientists was held which discussed thih point. Dr. James 3. Conant, President of that is, we mlust use uraniumtlhat is the Harvard University, who was one of the material which is our startin point. prineilpal scienit. in the creation If the atomic bomb, acted as ehairman of ite m.eet Workers Need Protection ing. There important scientists took part. Dr. J. A. Wheeler, Profe.russr Granted, then, that the pile of the future .f Physjs, mult Princeton University, had the nlst to say use uraniuu, the real problemm i, to in regard to the conditions of abhor which extend the kind of machinery, the kind of will obutin in the atlmic prodi,uction.. (Chair- so-called pile that we now have so that we man Conant startad lfT the discussion with can take the heat out, feed it through a this remark: turbine and make power out of it, but there i one Chailmail C(olant: Now, as a hasib For very striking feature about this reac- our discussion aboult atllnmi: energy For tion which controls what we can do with it, peacetime uses, I rhoul first of all like to the applications we can make of it. A eac- tion that is ask Polfessot, WVleelkr, who is the expit, onI so energetic as this liberates nlea r physics with us here today, thiis partilesl of a very special type which are question: What are til, basicacts or some. extremely difficull to stop. We have the difi- of tile ba,,ic feets which cotdrol tlht slie arid culty of protecting the work.rs in that weight of any possibli future power, unit? neighborli..d fromn radiations that ...ni, ATOMIC BURST from the rnactiun, and this so called shield- Smoke billwed 20,000 feet above Hiroshima Basic Factors of Power Units inlg property is going to ontr'ol what we car do about tile planL in the future. The shiuld- Professer Wheeler:D )r. Cnanl, it seernl ing problem has to be solved by interposing which you tIOull .se Li atoi...I plaint. and I to me that the logical statrtling point fillr or between the plant and the workers thick believe some o l tI pntel hl.ie ve that is discussion is this: The greatest act bliout bharriers of iron or other materials. possiblI, but I ion't FoIeselthe use of power the whole doveopl ment now is thati it works. There is one thing that we can say about pls illII[ a il ais siniiasd would be al- We actually have a way not nlily f convert this shielding problem, that the prineiples lowed in a lo.ol.o.tive, which nust pass nuclear energyiiitq explosive Core thl.o gh involved in shieldibg are so straightfo ward through bridges nill t.inder tuanileis adI what bombs, hut also il the plant in the State and so simple that there is no tri:k that we iotl.I think that is a lille I.o fantastic. of Washiington, a wor..king I/rocedllr by can us to overcome this difficulty- -simply a Mi. Thomas: l)llely frolI the technical which we nowcnverit iuclar energy into question oi weight of material and thlckneiss side a.lt leavil ouli theecinomics r locom.o- heat. of nmaterial. tives Ire' omi (he borde line. itis true that we stillI hat, to solve two (hairlman (Conant: Hollw about ships? big prohblems beFore we crvert nucleoar c Heavy Weight Per Kilowatt Gener. (ave:I tI ink I can answer that ergy into werthwhile purposes We have to by sayilg that ol.ai.l.re hd shijis of sizn, any- taltke that heat which we producen ow anl I would say Dr. C.onant, that that ques- thing that is iea.i-go.oirg, is probahly the manufacture heat at a higher temropelatu r tion of shielding is the starting point ef our maIllhst nlovinl vehile that can be powered than the temperature at which it no.w .inioes discussion. It imup ies that if we are going to by aitl,ie Inegy. Anythinlg that you stbrt out, a telnper.atule at which it arlhe Iued, build any kind of plant, even a plant giving with, 50 tons is tihe nh inhnui weight, and anid then we have to take that heat .and lIower as low as a hondred kilowatt, that you build it pII niit in pboportiom1, but to convert it imn tualti muchah,ial PI plant must weigh something on the order of some P tilnt as yol go up in power. It ob- electricity, or oth< usable Torles. 50 tons, just from the point of view of a viously requires a Peal ship and one which We have done the finrt part of this pldb- shielding which is absolutely necessary from can ati.rd a er that caln pay for itself. lem. We have convert..ed tulchl. en.rgy into the stanlpoint of protection. These pilesare not going to be operated by heat, and, actual ly at the Inbmfoid pl ants, Chairman Con(ant: Would any member of m/n as we pneat ...il r loctri, refrigerators, the heat was a hbandicial, iathe, thaln smne- the panel, like to a question right lnw by nutrely pluggin thmn in. I think we will thing that was desi red. The Hlanford plants to bilng ont any basic fact? If not, let's still have to lhave physicists, Ilenl trained in were desigled fir. t and foremo s, as a wiat conslidel right ow to bring out any basic science,a l thatilean high wages, judging productleion measulre to lmanufacure piu fact? If not, let's consderii fist of all the fornm my exi' i foe]c. toiiim forIule i ll .ato.nbo:hT is. iarttalunt problinm which has been muchp iiscuissel in Atomic of plutonium to i, urid illrbthese bolbs was the papers. What ale the chances of gettinr Power Plants limited solely by thile ate at, whilh ihe ieat at any time a power plant suitable fiE rull- (Chairntilur Crlelnt: Now. let'sl onsider the of the reaclion coild hIii disslpatd. The iling an automobile or airplane? Who would q(,Istin.. I staI(ati... y puwVr Ilahmts. There. heat was a hin,] ratherdrane than a hell, like to try that? Af COr'se, alt tiit restr.irtilis on wtlight, and But wh we! cl to tohe questin iof the ur Cr( wEfd H. G renewait: I think you tht'Frei ' this ql.(...i.n of shieilin: allnd the future, our whole ihliilsophy will he Il.lred have the ansier. If a powem plant with 100 Wtight aoesn 't l'nl in in around. Then the plhtonilln will II, a by- horse power anlly way. hlut let' wei hs 50 tons, it eemnis thilere in tullk about whet her hey ar( l(ehnically productr and.i he hait will Is the thint we illa very littl, chance of ru.lnning either an auto fellasible on the basi>s urt looking for. We have I,t ay t.ei,, i.,h mohile or plane. As a matter of fact I .shouhld oF preetlt knIlrl-- e!dve. . I ILO woeI] to As D, Wheelr thing, too, thaLt the kind.. rII.ti. ,d think it would bealn mst imnpossile with Lhat again III stat lhatl dslsiion we are going Io use ir the tlturl so far as weirht li]nittiotn imposed. and then] have othe rs join ill aiial agree or disa,Lgrtte wit h him we know now, will b, the s aim, knld roa ('hainanui nlnilt That looks ther, ts tion that we are using it liIil, ord, 1It though the use of this plwer for autonmobihs its tie I)roceeds. lPtofi~s(,r \\'heeler: TIhe ruestiuii of sta- diviblil of the heavy at ..nlic ullo,'L,; into ilin Iit[d es s;'emsnto Be out or th, quetiotnl tionairy p)wrchWpbilil two parts, with dlease if a large aim.oun.t for techlica]l reasoonsIow about a leebmo- bringli p b0,e slhild- ing quUpiorn againl, the of energy, nalyfoold girater tilmul le]easd Div!I)ues somebody think it could be question of building used the bitg barricade and ill any ordinary cheIcai' acti% and .i.. for thel' is another prob- that? lemo about it liso a health problem. That othel thing about thfis reae i an thitI wll Mr. K,1dh: Thli.t i i the twilight zone. carry on ilto the futlur se far as we know-- is the fact that any plant at this time pro- You ou ld con.civably hav, a Ie emlive in (Cotiilnued on page h5) 46 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators

indicated that he might favor outlawing the atomic bomb as an ultimate objective. Ac- cording to the President, "the highest hope of th AmeAeari.an people is that world coop- era ion for peace will soon reach such a state Politi za ZATOMIC$afld.dZa of perfection that atom i. methods of de- struction can be definitely and effectively outlawed forever.' 4ciny ATOMIC 12ortn Outlowing Cannot Control Restlessness of people continues. But the British Prime Minister, Mr. TAfttler,THEAttlerl, British is cofgectcorrect Prime in viewvingMinister,iewing the Clement atonmdeatonic Attiee. does not think that merely outlawing bomb as merely one among many siull- New terrible weapons possible the atomic bomb would solve the problem of tific discoveries of great military potential its control He has pointed out that when a nation finds itself at the extremities of war, that have already been made or are now bringing on World War II. In spite of this, clearly within man's power to make. The sleaddig military spokesmen, supported by the rules of warfare are likely to be swept blh which were dropped on Iliroshinia a strolng seglent of {1ubli ol.inin,pi aread- aside. aid Nagasaki, destructive as they were, ac- vising us to remain arined to the hilt with There is a great deal of truth in Mr. Att- tually were the smallest and least lestruc- leo's point. Outlawing the bomb requires a ilte rewest possible weapons in the futile istrong.ertmment to enforce it. If a world tive that could be prodci'ed. Aeordig to effort to keep ahead of other nations. govrin ment that is both strong and dent- statements made by our scientists and mili- Bred in the traditions of natinoal nilitary tary leaders, the following types of weapsl rrtic can be established through UNO, effort, our mIlitary leaders still seem to feel there is much to be said for outlawing the have already been developed or are definitely that, regardless of thIe cost to our own eoun- atomnic bomb. This can he done by action, possible of sientific attainment: (1) space ltry ani to the rest of the world, we, as an ships travelling at speeds faster than sound, independent nation, can fight anything- through the United Nations Organization, to prohibit any nation or anlly individuals or (2) super-bombers capable of raching prac- even widespread atomic bomlings from an tically any target in the world, (3) radar- group of individuals (such as corporations) unseen, possibly unknown for. Such a Ipoicy fminl, manufacturing or using atonic directed V-2 weapons equipped with atomic runs diilectly counter to the advice of our bombs, (4) extremely deadly poison gases, scientists. who have been teling us that weapons, Slch a move would help to (5) bacteriological warfare made by spread- ther is ,no adequate defense in sight against strengthen international law andi pave the ing such germs as typhoid and anthoax, and way for necessary punitive action by UNO the atonic boWnb and that it is imposs ible in case that law wree violated. (6) death rays. Most devastating qluestion far us to noi.opolize scientific discoveries. yet posed in connection with the atomic orrn military leaders give us no answer Should the United Nations Organization itself be allowed to use the atomic bomb? bomb is the possibility of setting off the to the great dilemma which we, as an indli- nitrogen chain in the air, thus burning up vidral nation in the atohic age, are facing, If a nation or oven a group of deterniined the entire earth. along with every othe, nation in the world. and fanatical individuals is able to evade whatever controls the world establishes over Only a Symbol Thry apparently realize that, in an era of the atomic bomb and starts war by using atomic warfare, if we fail to shoot first, the In a sense, therefore, the atomic bomb is danger of our annihilation will be very great. atomic weapons, should an international merely a symbol of what is to come in the military force operating under UNO he al- On the other hand, if we, as an midividual lowed to use atomic weapons to stop this ag- way of destructive eaponils, and Ithe estab- nation. alied with atomic .weapons , follow lishment of world-wide controls over the their' advice anI do shoot first, then we will gression? bomb will be only the forerunner of further become the aggressol nation an.d destroy The answer to this question depends, in controls over other scientific advances and part, upon the effectiveness of atomic the peace of the world. weapons as a counter-measure against the military weapons dangerous to the peace of In his speech on foreign policy in New sudden use of such bombs by aggressors. If the world. York (City on October 27, 'resjlendt T .r.nl.. Upon the shouilers of our President and it is possible to detect the aggressors first our military ead.rsI must rest the responli- using atonmic bombs, then presumably a bility not only for using the bomb in the UN0 military force could use similar bomts first place hut also for I-rcipitatltgt the mosl to destroy the aggressors and to wipe out dangerous arms race the woreld ever has ex- their launching sites. But what if it proves periened. If reports on this sa secret ialter to he very difficult or impossible to identify are correct, we already have aecnimulated a the aggressors, and what if the UNO mili- large stock pile of the bombs, we still are tary force were unable to detect the launch- manufacturing them. and, on the President's ing sites from which atomic bombs were suggestion, our Nay is planning widespread being sent against the cities of a part of tests of the borab under different eonditions. the worid? Solution to the problem of establishing eontrols over the bomb lies i, the realm of Must Have International Government the political and retuires not only the most These military questions till cannot be statesmanlike efforts of political leaders answered for sure, and they merely tend to throughout the world hut also a public opin- empihasize the necessity for inspection to ion wisely informed alln democratically and prevent the manufacture and use of atomic effectively organizel. Much time.and effort bombs and for the building up of peaceful will he needed to work out the political and means of settlement, through intrnafi4laal public opinion problems involved in con- government, of the disputes which lead to trolling the bomb. But, so far. science, our wars avd which night provoke the use of productive plants, and the military are far atomie bombs or other weapons. outdistancing our efforts in the political Captain Harold E. Stassen, USNR, for- field. mer governor of Minnesota, has it oni- To further widen the gap between political mended the establishment of a United Na- effoits at control of the bomb and the strides tions air force to act as "the stabilization military science is making, our nmilitary force for world order" and has proposed leaders are counselling is to take a course that the be authorized to of action which, judged by the history of manufacture 25 atomic bombs for its use wars throughout the centuries, will not and then stop, nuaing any more. avoid atomic warfare. In the naime of peace, But, even if atomic bombs prove to be they are urging upon ils a .ourse that in- effective counter-weapons in stopping atomie variably has led to war. aggr.ession, is it a wise policy to advocate their use, even in the name of the United The Race of Arms Nations Organization? An arms race between nations precipitated TOTAL AREA DEVASTATED BY ATOMIC BOMB The war-guilt trials now being held in the first World War and eontr-ibuted to STRIKE ON HIROSHIMA Nuremberg, Manila, and elsewhere are FEBRUARY, 19469

Mr. Bevin is correct in pointing out thit inspection alone would nolt plela'ry control the manlfaeturet and use (it atomic energy or prevent the making of atomic hnlbs. In the United States, fir I ldeaicl and a half after the last war, we had plenty of ex- perience with attemnlts tIo eforce a iaw which the majo.ity of the people voted for but were unwillig, inl pieactie, to accept namely, the p1rollhition amn..dlmnet. (Ier- tainliy, unlss Inl ii.rity of peolie and governmentstLhirthollit the wari are deo- tetmnined to reflain ill ia ilhking and using atomic weapons, ciC,ltse, jlent of laws ban- nen thenl worll bh ieffvcive.

Voluntary Compliance Inadequate On tble tibe' hind, Itin..... ownii experi- enee iln g0Iv( nnnieiin it I, haid to ,,e how any law cunltrnllinig the n1,anifatlure and use of atolm. I nlllly nail atoi rewealposc Cuhld safely he left to violunrtary cOllupliance. Even if a najority f people ale willing to support a law, their is aindls Im ldanger that a mnlority will refuse to coipl) un- less the law.. propPaeInf ( rced, ari proper enforceenltllti. ellh(. sunie finii of inspe- tion to iniforni the entloin a..tgency where PRIME MINISTER ATTLEE and how prodnuetkior anliiuse of atomic energy PRESIDENT TRUMAN are being caried on. aimed to place ulton certain individuals the Both atemaie scninit liarolid C. Iirey ani der rules of law aid dni il blaine atd punishlllllt bY UN . not only for dffliberately plant Senator Brien MMahon,, chairman of the of scientific discoveries but aimo ling of idilist ial and startitig Wrlad War II. Such a Senate Coinnittec on Atomlb Energy, have techniques and processes? policy would bie nullified if use of atomic stressired the necessity for an effective in- The only weapons were answer to the first question that prloiteld. The atomic omrahb spction system, That S'riel..t Meclahoat is is eompatible with the ihltl',tt of is destructive beyond anything that the the eni well aware of the resistane which such a ;nonl mian throughout tile wold is obviously. world has ever produced, and it is utterly proposal will encounter is evident from his hindisr ,ininatiang in its detrluctilon. If. in the warning that Atmeiaan concerns probably A clue to effort i PDrevent or to stop aggression the ansWe- to lltheseond que,- a wil try to hile behind the search and seiz- tiaon can be found in a p l UNO n.ilitary force ac etahlir.c ed by used atomic bombs. it ure" provisions of our Bill of Rights in their private business is difficult to see how the guilty could ever iIf. For years private efforts to balk internation l inspecieon. business and ind.ust.ia caronilS be brought to tialt, or, more in their important, how One argnment already made befroe the own interests have been ehxcianging the tchni _ deatruetio, of mally innocent victims, Senate Committee onf Atomic Energy is that cal inforntbi.I. either by inotn along with thile ,iy, eotiil Irloss in- be avoided. inspectors working for 1iNO would retain formal a]rrntgeenniltt Out of the array of rt, by the oeI formal, new wanlporis which their national loyalties even while wik-ing intricate ievice of thell callte sieence airlady lhar podufcedI or has up its for all inite'lllatonal organization and. in So far, these private i ,nternatii bIs- sleeve for early protluetion. it would seen the course of their inspection of Aineican nesS deals have hbee rriedan on b etventhe strange if veappons coubl Inot be founid that factories. would detet faor their own coun- control] of law The laws of iindividual would be na effective in ronbart ins the actual tries prfitable industrial Isecrets on matters tions are ineffective in reaehirig the cartel, aggressors whilIe at the same time inflicting not pertainiug to atoomic enery. anid international law is still so weak that, less widespread devaslation on rnntoc.en peo- Surmounting nationalistloyalties in as a general ruie, the ealrsis have benl free plie. Surely adequale weapons can be found atomie inspectors is, of course, a problem, from any effective public cnt rol whatsoever. for an inter niational niiitary fore enumtru sted but it is not insupitable. The League of Ns- Destroy to Illet and stop aggressioI, , if the waorl is tions had long andi sudc.essful expriene the Secrecy willing to give suc.h an intlrnation al force with administrative peIrsonnel recruited from, the only way to cnt lol tbes, prirate a (lear superiority of inlitary power over many naionsw of the worl d. From file rks business deals across natiirial boriuntlaies is the arninr. navies, arnd air fomres of the in- to top administrators, these niUn,l and women to remove the eilI of see ry which .cnceh.als divdhalnata ion. owed theai loyalties not to the nations of them and subject the i ntcchat ofnge btegh which they were eitieas but to the nical secrets to public control throug'h the An Organization league to Trust itself. The League of Nations failed[ to keep establishment of internatioial law apllicable to them,. Mutal exehange Much diseussi on tinthe control of the the peace not because of any 'onfMict of loy- of iBdustrila in- atomic bomb so far has centered around the alties in itsIt niinistatilve emnpbrtyees formation betsrnlitatiulis mnight prove to but be an question of irilerllnatiilal ilspecction to en- because the nrobnr nathirs on tihe league's aetual ienefilt to Aarica, n ilrl'st[r'y, as force a ba,,L on nanul actete and use of the Council andr AssembIly, the goverllnments of well as to th, industries of other nations. and bombs. British stiatesmen have been inclined nations not memberes of the league. ard a it might help to achieve that expanding to look with lisfavor llpon insmptetion. Both majority of people thrhoughout the wnrld econo.my anld full [riduction i that we talk the British oreinn Seretary Ernest Bevin were not wiling to go far ceitieh in inter about but have yet Itoittani aid Prime Minister Clement Attlee are national govronl. ent to s tabiish aIn,d carry The problenm of the catrrtel and of private agreaed that p oprosiIs for interntionalt in- out policies which could ur.e. . d. business deals iniinternatiional l traie existed spection woubl not solve the prblem of con- a long timie betome Lht,: L.tiit.. bi...nI, burst on the trol over the at rie bomb. In a speech to Questions for Thought world. The discoverv of atomic e..elRIy the House of Commins on November 7, For- only makes the solution ofli lifse plroblem. eilgn BSrretaty Blevi, ibiilcated that moe As for the oppoilintoI, ilternational in- al1 the more urgent. To a large extent, the basic than mterinspect ion was the need to spetIion which Senator McMaIhon antici- same thing can be said of the twvin problems build up confidmene in the ilternational or- pates from Alno'ic,'ll inllstry and which of abolishing war and of stahblishiig an in- gadnisa tih to which the atomic bomb is en- has alireadry been voiced iliretly, a few ternational government strong eritnoh, yet tiru;tired. 'iTie Foreign See'llrtary said that the .uestions may be asked: democratic iteough, to solve picactul ly the goal toward whih the worir should aim was 1. Are privaut prodits of our d.iustries to dispntes between atirins lthat cause war,. to bhild up, in the lnitedi Nations Organiza- be put above the safety not only of our own B.ecause of the discovery of the aomhie tiaon, the kind of international organization nation but also of the elltire world? bomb, nutstanding political leaders and scientists have been doing a great deal which peop ul lldsrust "without having 2. Couldn't the danger of stealing Ameri- of to send a policeman around every thinking about how the world can build the five can industrial serets be obviated by pro- kind ffilrUts." of international government that [t viding for free international exchange, un- (Continled tn page 11 4'49The Jonal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS aid Operalms I

tute of Human Relations, Yale University; O. HR Mowrer, in government service on leave from the )epartment of Education, ACTS OF MEN, yat Harvard; C. C. Pratt, c.airnan of the De- partment of P sychology, ltutgers Univer- sity, New Brunswick, N. J.; W. S. Taylor, professor of Ipychology, Siith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, and E. C. Tal- ia, MAahe Wa-a man, chairman of the D)epartment of Psy- chology, University of , Berkeley, California. EN points of human nature which must 2,000 psychologists agree on IO Humanity's demland for lasting peace be considered in the framing of a lasting leads us as students of human nature to as- peace, as agreed to by more than 2,000 points which must be considered esort 10 pertinent and basic principles which American psychologists, have been sent to all in framing peace should be considered in planning the peace. U. S. Senators and members of the House of Neglect of them may breod new wars, no Representatives to aid them in making plans matter how well-intentioned our political] for an enduring peace, it has been an- responsibility for achieving their political leaders may be. nounced. and economic future. Clear-cut and easily understood definition Ten Points to Keep Peace The statement on "Hunan Nature and the of war-guilt is essential. This is another Pease" wts framed by an iftrmal commit- point made by the psychologists who believe 1. War cn. be anided: War is .ot brn in tee of 13 psychologists beaded jointly by Dr. men; it is built into.n.. No race, nation, or confusion among defeated peoples must be social group is inevitably warlike. The frus- Gordon W. Allport, chairman of the Depart- avoided. ment of Psychology at Harvard University, trations and conficting interests which lie and Dr. Gardner Murphy, chairman of the at the root of aggresive wars can be reduced Department of Psychology of the College of Respect the Common Man and re-directed by social engineering. Men the City of New York, both past presidents can realize their anmbition, within the frame- Safest guide to framing a peace is to be work of human cooperation and can direct of the American Psychological Association, found in the deep desres of the common peo- national professional organization of scien- their aggressions against those natural ob- ple of all lands--annothr point made in the stacles that thwart them in the attainment tists in this field. statement. l"Dis.respct for the common man The statement was sent for approval to of their goals. is characteristic of rascimnl and of all forms 2. hi phnnil,, uor permansen peace, the the total membership of the association, in- of tyranly,'" r.ds the "TbieTiocuBn/n man clnding about 850 members and 2,950 associ- coming generations sho.ld be the6 rin'ary in the street does not claim to understand foums of at.ation.. Children are plastic; they ate members. Of these 3,800, a total of the comrplexities of economics and polities. 2,028 endorsed the statement and only 13 will readily accept sy nlbols of unity .and an but he is clear as to the general directions international way of thinkilng in which the dissented. in xwhiich he wishes to progress. His will can evils of imperiaism. prejudice. inse(urity, be studied by adaptations of the public opin- and illo'ance are miimiruzed. In appealing War Is Not Born in Men ion poll. Ils expressed aspirations should to older people, chief stres should he laid even now be a major guide to policy." upon economic, politial, and educational War is not born in men; it is built into Costs of circulating the document for com plans that are appropriate to a new genera- men. This is the first of ten principles. The maents and signatures by psychologists were tion, for older people, a; a luie, desire above frustration and conflicting interests which borne by the Society for the Psychological all else better conditions and opportunitie s lie at the root of aggressive wars can be re Study of Social Issues. for their children. duced and redirected, the psychologists state Members of the informal comnmittee, in 3. Rso iu, tim, ia.aald group hatreds can, in explaining the first principle. addition to the two chairmen, are: to a considerabe degree, be sotL'ohled. Racial, national and group hatreds can R. S. Crutchaild, now in goverlnent se'v- Through education and experience people also, to a conidelrable degree, be controlled. ice on leave from Swarthmore College, can learn that their prejudiced ideas about "Prejudice," the statement declares, "is a Swnarthnore, Pennsylvania; H. B. English, the English, the Russians, the Japanese. matter of iattitudes, and atlittdes are to a professor of psychology, Ohio State Uni- Catholics, Jews, Negroes, are misleading or considerable extent a matter of training and versity, Columbus, Ohio; Edna Heidbreder. altogether false. They can learn that mere information." chairman of the I)epartment of Psychology, hers of onie racial, national, or cultural group Liberated and enemy peoples must partici- Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachu- are basically similar to those of other pate in planning their own destiny. Com- setts; E. R. Hillard, chairman of the De- groups, and have similar problems, hopes, plete outside authority imposed on liberated partment of Psychology, Stanford lniver- aspirations, and needs. Prejudice is a matter and enemy peoples without any participa- sity, Palo Alto, California; Otto Klineberg, of attitudes, and attitudes are to a consider- tion by them will only lead to further dis- in govelnment service ol leave from Co- able extent a matter of training and infor- rupti.i.as of the peace, the psychologists lumbia University, New York; R. Likert, mation. state. The people of all countries must not head of the Division of Progrmn Surveys, 4. Con desern on tourard '"ierlori' rapa only have hope for themselves and their Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Wash- destroys our chanles for a ashtisg ?pac,. children, but must also feel that they have ington, D. C.; Mark A. May, director, aInsti- (Continued on page 76)

ANCIENT PALACE BECAME PEACE PALACE OF VERSAILLES FEBRUARY, 1946 a

had the urgent demands of Washington, Je- ferson. Frnklin and Adams been put into oaction when the Republic was young. How many milliona of lives would have been saved? What infinite amount of suffering I ~ ~ prevented? What useful wealth created? What waste avoided? What inventions earlier made? What ignorance and supersti- oy9 a TU4ad MIN Lion abolished? What knowledge spread to the rmasrns with consijuent eieaner, better administration of government? By JUDSON KING To be sure, the Government has done some- what in promoting research in various de- partments and in aid of private institutions. N November 11, 1843, our sixth Presi- but not one one-hundredth part of what it (lent, John Quincy Adams, nlade one of John Quincy Adams, should have done to the most noquent aild powerful pleas for sixth President, gave his life to measure up to the public the advancement of scientilic research by the need and changing modern conditions. Government in the whole literature of the promote scientific government subject. The occasion was the delivery of the Why Washington and Adams Failed dedicatory address at the laying of the enjoyament of luman life public institutions cornerstone of an astronomical observatory and seinaries of leanhiltm are essential.' And why were the most honored and far- at Cincinnati the first one huilt on the No wonder that the old Federalist, con- sighted of the Founding Fathers rebuffed? North American continent. servativt as he wus on some hanking and Why did the plans of these master builders It is thrilling to read that it had taken the eonomlnc ilsu.es, but a radical on science ind fail? Answer: because of the greed and fear 76-year-old ex-plresident 15 days to reach the publicly-o..nod anI operated l "ilternal ia- of special economicn iitereLts, plus the sAu- little Ohio ety from his home in Quincy, proment s"' (the TYA'A of that day), pidity and selfishness of the educational Massachusetts, near Boston: by train to seized Ith Cincinnati opp ortuni. ty to strike leaders of that era Adams attributed his Buffalo, by take steamer to Cleveland, by his last blow for scientifie research. Return- failire largely to the "slave oligarchy" canal boat at 2½ miles per hour, and by ing from his trip, he wrote. in his diary, "Tihe which resisted popular education and was, stage to Cincinnati, with stormy wiltel peole of this .co..tryyI o nt suffcinitly esti- of course, the siost powerful economic inter- weather "as cold as Nova Zembla" all the Iate the inh)portane of litlonizing an.d pro- est affecting the Federal Government up to way, lie arrived sick with a heavy eold.Re nmotinig cience a, a principle of politica 1860. Since then, the banking, industrial, turning by way of Pittsburgh after two actilon" and utility interests of the North have been weeks of like travel, he reached hoae, is donminant: likewise have always opposed the his wife wrote, "in a state of debhility and What Might Have Been advance of the public school system. exhaustion beyond desripti. . " He n(ver But there was another factor The men in Adamns saw plainly the job fully reovered. The trip cost him his life. to be dlone, control of Harvard, Yale, Princetn,, and also that it would not ie ( lone propely iun- other private colleges and denominational less Uncle Sam did it himself. Time has schools, opposed the establisllment of a na- Woashingtan's Plea Rejected proved him ight. tional university. They selfishly desired to One w.ondlers what the status of science keep the direction of education in their own And why did this distinguished statesman, and Anmrican civilizetion would he today hands and they feared that sort of compe- then a member of Congress, risk his health tition. to grace a then so-s.ee.ingly unliltpol al. It is not to be gainsaid that applied science occasion? There were no votes to be gained; andi invention have nmade great progress that histing was 800 miles fromn his "dis- dluring tile past century as compared with trict." It was solely his deep, life-long inter- preceding centuries. But when we rejoice est in science. He was a disciple of George aid boast about it in our textbooks and cor- Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Benja- Ipration radio baedcasts (as an accompany- min Franklin who, insofar as I am aware, ment to the musical plograms of great were the only outstanding mIel among the singers). let us not forget what might have Founding Fathers who appreciated scien- been accomplished had the nmvement been tific knowledge enoumgh to do something about adequately financed under wise social plan- it on an adequate scale Jeffermn got his ning without impinging upon the efforts of Universlity of Virginia. Franklin the lJni- private enterprise or of lone individual re- versity of Pennsylvania, but George Wash- searchers. ington, despite his fervent pleas for a na- Let us realize that on the whole, scien- tional university for research and education, tific progress hs been h arnessed to the was turned down by a practical and politi- chariot of private profit, and that while a cally-minded Congress. few have made great fortunes the pace has And so in the next generation John Quincy been slackened to protect their investments, k Adams took up their cause and his. A sub- and the masses have by no means received stantial portion of his first Message to Con- the benefits necessary for the nation's well- gress on Deember 6. 1825, consisted of a being, or even adequate preparation for na- plea not for Federal "aid" but for Federally tilnal defense. established anedfinned institutions for di. We discovered these things, to our aston- reet promotion of scientifc research and ihhnlnt, when world war descended upon education. Amazingly enough, in the light us. The Federal Government then hadll to of what has happened since, he charged in spend millions on a sudden "ientifie mobili- effect that the patent laws bad not "effec- zation" and we were shocked when the draft tively insured to the inventors the reward boards reportedl so large a percentage of destined to them by the constitution." Listen our young men mentally, physically, and to his reasoning as fresh as though delivered morally unfit; this due to poverty, inheri- tI Congress today tance, disease, chronic hblbngl' and crass "No government, in whatsoever form con- ignorance, among other things. The 1940 stituted, can accomplish the lawful ends of census was the first .one (sic) that reported its institution hut in proportion as it im- on the educational status of American praves the condition of those over whm it alults. It showed that out of a total of 75,- is establshed .... Among the first, perhaps 000,.000 adults aged 25 and over, 44,000,000 the very first, instrument for the improve,- had received only an 8th grade schooling or meat. of the condition of men is knowledge, Ies. and 10,000,000 lad had only 4 years or and to the acquisition of much of the knowl- less. And these ate tLhellen and women who John Quincy Adam, gve his life for sadence Inih edge adapted to the wants, the comforts, and ol.t6on *o :vornsmwnt (Continued oi page {0) The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators I

of labor because you can always hire one half to kill off the other hlf." The monu- RECONVERT mental ,ulns of mioney paid out by indus- triali st for spy systei, strike breakers aid oageits [eo\oatleur found ainong the wrkhers, is silu)ing testiiony that labor is, Y4 JAiPe Adice as Gu.lstidtted, its own woast enemy. Our Way Is Cleaor By JAMES PRESTON, International Representatie . B. E. W. So we of organized labor, recognizing most of the elements that cause such unhappiness EW peoph! will ever ralie the great sac- Good to be accomplished by in the worId of today, must not only protect riiesr winlingly i.ir organized labor ,irselves but must perforce do what we can Ia a patritic fillt ing itirng World War proper use and recognition of to protect unorgani.ed labor from evils of II. However. volulas w.u.ii.l be required to label is staggering its own making. It is no mall undertaking properloy x ,loli anti Idontrstrate those sac- Fortunately (oIufobears ill the .iven.ent , rifiees. The total subject must therefore be through past sacril.es greater than we will left to labor historians. One feature, how- from what .o..e pep. e call 'overproduction'. ever realize, have cut a [, that, ii ise- ever, needs immediate attention during the Deprlsshion blo,,ao. unavoidbief'. lowed, will lead us to a better day and that raecoversion of industry from war to peace- The pieit takers, of course, are, or should path is blazed with uninn labels. In handling time production and that feature is rehabili- be, fully aware of these condlitions but quite or using products of any natule thiat doi not tation anl ,restablishment of the union label obviously refuse to do anything about it. bear a union label one cal hnever e sure that as a rctuirenient on alt products handled or Perhaps the prolit takers' equanimity mlay he or she is not contribliing to some or all consumed by members of organized labor. be understood when it is remetbered that of the delinquencies ii our econolic systre . even in the midst of the 1930-40 depression As our own Lnternati l President Ed J. What It Is pa tills registered only ti0 per cent of the Brown so tlenchantly puts it: 192i level while dlivlends and interest pay- "The uion label is a mal-k of distinction The ,ioi labe.i, indaicating that the prod- lments soared to 150 per cent of the same on any product or servie. It is the only au- cnet is manlufaetured pr.ocessed, installed level. thentic assurance to t.ei user that the item aid se rd by organized labor, under It is tIherefore quit. apparemt that if some- is produed uinder standards oif vages, hours wage, hon rs and working conditions thing is to be d.o.e to stave off or minimize and working conditions acceptable to the achieved through collective bargaining, is a a nose dive into another depression that workers. The union label is a fiu ther assur- significant symbol Soniet hiing mnust be done by the workers thenm- ance that the nanufatetuer on whose goods Scientif.ic and technologieal advances her- selves. it appears has coopter d in ace.pting the principles of callaelive. aldingani era of cmfort and luxury are of I Ufotunattcly a l rge bl.agiii g; he takes p roportitn of the pride in the materials no value and may be positively harmful to ,wordkin masses are unable olr unwilling to an I workman ship of the great .ma.s of his iroduct, and is worthy of consideration working people unless be realistic, or, perbhaps in soim cases, too such advanes by the consumie s. On bring with them for the coward]ly, to assert their inalenabl e rights til, other hand, the work.rs absence of a union libel, an equitable share of the wealth to life, liberty end tile pursuit of happinss. shop card or sev- ice hutton niust n.e.essa.ily leave a doubt reatel d so that those who produce the goods Whatever the cause, we seem to be faced in the eonsn /elrs minid is to whether may also enjroy their use. constantly with the p irescripition of thle late or not his It may seem aI art cry from the sub- Jay Gn.oul, top financier of use of the product is a tribute to sweat shop his day, in which practies, impoverished standard 40 cents-an-hour wage ate--paid he advised his profiteers; "Never be afraid workeris ,di all of t) production workersin the illonspleuous the undesirabl and unhappy elements that loft shops of our large cities and the sweat stem from those conditions." shops of orar,aler conmunities to the ravages of worId depression. Xeverthedess, Conference Declaforotions as drops of water combine to create mighty o{eans so the driblet wage rates combine All nnlhe.s of the IBfEW are deeply in- to terestedi aid concerned i engulf the world in the iesistitle tidial wave th ilsmatter alnd a of economic depression. recent cofereince of dele/.ates ttieneI cat- Such is not mIerely ing local unions, mnebllr of which a personal apinhn, nor is ale enl- it merely labo ployed in propaganda. It is a fundamental the Electric Lighting Fiixture belief of branch of out i n laustry, the law makers of the United States as wit- too.k Iry deitiite ness a report and conicrete steps to hring ab,,Ut a postwar of the Conmmitte on Educ, reestablishm.ent tion indl lbor of the I BEEW union label as of the I. S. Senate more the than a decade ago premier rexuirement in handling and in which appears: installing "'Congress ace.pted an acted lighting fixtures by our members upon the everywhere. tested A lllOng the declaration s adopted hypothesis that the depression had by the onfel:enee been provoked and aecentuated were: by a long- 1. To continluel and ainllcreasig bring about a hligher degree of disparity between standards iroduetion and consumption; that this dis- aad uniformity in the wages, hours and working cndiJtios parity halld resulted from a level of melnbers of wages employed that did not permit the masses oif consumers in the manufactu'e and fabrica- tion of lighting to relieve the market of an ever-inereasing fixtures. flow of good,.. , .n 2. To insist upon tihe recognition of the IBEW union label, and the appearance of such label on all fixtures, as a prerequisite Look at the Record to handling or installation by our members. The basis for that tonccption 3. Wiring and assembling of all lighting is found in fixtures the constantly increasing p,.rofit percentage to he ldone only in the shop or ... the premises with canntempprary reduction in the per- wherein the fixtures are manu- cenalage receivled by labor as demonstrated factured or fabricated. by Senator Wagner in tracing (he cause of The question naturally arises as to how the i030-l0f40 depression when be stated: far a local union may legally proceed in carrying "As profits roe,, faster than wages, the out the intent of such a confer- xcess earn.ins wrerivstd i ll n/ore fac- enee. This has received the particular at- tories, turning out an ever-increasing vpol- tention of the Brotherhood's chief legal ume of goods. counsel who, after careful and painstaking "The mass of [onsullers did not receive research, fully documented by rulngs of ilI the Supreme Coert enough il wages I ,if the UITnited States to take these goods off the market, and we found ourselves suffering together with other courts, informs us: Continued on page 810) FEBRUARY, 1946 Si T HE middld and late 1700's were a pro- ductiw, period for inventors of the day. The numb of c..rude inventions that a,- peared on the market brought about what GROWTH o4e is Iwellknown as the Industrial Revolulio. whtr.£by oriititaLittllng rineliois w.r. ri vl-, utilonized and the civilization of the West- ern world was changed. The textile inds- 2ac4 MNoeell try felt the ilrst jl tactof these inven- tions when the n ewlytreated tspilning ma- chilnyi aim li oewe loeins rull by water or Second of a series of articles on many of thbese ais and causes. the early strom power took the place of the hand unionists hal to make ika.ny sacril.rs and the history of the American indur! Illti'N hliatnlshilps. Fol uxanulph-. citi- zeln of Boston tuinlel u1nionilst> deimanding labor movement. Birth of the Ls lf fio'i"rol *ol~ld Effect on Workers taxstip}/or.t ed sch.ohs. A. F. of L. The goldn age of early unionis BWas The Intldtilia] Revoluti.n had its eflect on at its height in I837. The \est was being all classes of society but its most profo.,ld other slilledI hoet o.f Ifhilad phida struck opind, ld ) upnd thousn,ids were moving west- effct was felt by the orkers. Machinle- fon a l(J-hooi day (in oIf thiN u tnifor watl[. INew -i'ords a/nt pllnals ,&el, bh-iug made( goods wihi cilaler lin .e to,h luo hiulld strlik, grew th, MeehaIIld UIlioi of Trade built, money was flowing fromi Europe. production wts lool.ed alid wulklni,. al- Aolialtk an it ih]leid 1. IIrliun$ of Workler s wele i hi dl..miand. -they hal money customd t nwrk with handl .tool. lihi viy f l'lhilanilphia. to suipporlt t aniwiiods brgailn collectively. learned. to n miichines. Oily the moneyved class could tftod Io....to owI .aclhes lid Unionism Is Stimulated Panic and Depression orr[ fore sck4,to hotu the nwriens Then This ,lne otgaIizill iull n.l. i.i to aLt aits a Calli the laice of 187s alid the ter- oand be for jobs, Thus for the irilt tihe a d ihle Iuiiplssiol tha.t follond. Unions lo- arge wage-e, rinhog ctlas was e,,ated. The sinuilns fi u hil&, I.v ii.-ity--wile cal, 4t wide, national all w wiped..I out. erkeIr, tied to his miachine and the lll- unionis s.lii.ig up in iltist.o. New Yitnk. l 3 They had lilt ben i,;!si ized l(lig envough to chilne's owner a he hes s, ad lost indiliido- thlcii ai -ites oiif the U nitd Stats an.d build iip largr finit..ii s..v ..linen.- ality anid sone of his diignit as a human a 1..IIi... ol Iiilioi i] i i...diili the cairp"etel s, phieit iXta ialip;irlt aid ullilon were iu iiiaTIT -I-Is. intal lo inn i¥! VI, lip bciblg. Out of ihe erilse oif thisI os. ca, helpless. niatiolnal orga.ililiins. It as iill 18:14 thit organiation oif uniolns through whih .litany It w:t; lnlti nLtil abolt iSSO that nliOns thr filt ,,iiiJnind el-,1IrNttili ll),n ire-tl could work togethe, sild thiougli their rionipi began to .i-.any etngih again. They effort improve thei way of lite antd bargai itati¥¢ve*'is Iahehl. ia. llaor ogaolziatilt... l¥s fast raehouig ntijitl plotpo-..tio,.. 11>,r c1ni Slowly back. The Typogmaphical Inion on more equal terlms wi th heir enployis. blt'la[nl a,ulinnlo i-gnllliaititn il, ]gf){ and were at th ti,,I of this filst ¢ v tlllion The factoryy l..e.. which griw up1 a a ter- befor. 1857. the Stone Cutters. the Mould- result of the Ilrlustrial lievohbtiyi had a haps 800.(00 ,oriiz/d wtrki-rs. Th, ently }(ass of tio, [8:l)0S wnie good cr Hi t Fishel- nd Mlachliits and terifie inIact on the worinig pleople of Eu Blaehisths had all crIeated national lgan- tilmes fop titu.hl.ists, Til.lns 'ere - lope .d it had its effect in America also izaiti.ns. hen anther d .pi.sshnI OIit .t...I th, io .,Ice,-,- mone,.i.l Io in,- fl.p in 1857 bugh Ioa .l.... lesser diegre, Alth.uiih agclali old-l a .llIsmii.ig rat for the unlion- the 1ofldition of the wae earnelr i thil h sit....it of their i'lol. They fo..... oIut. too. that i, Iood.Ines sttikes f<,r higrlh' ists. IUnied States was superior to til.t of th, It was uphriil-,owhill all the way for our Ei~uropoean wikeli'. his lositicr wits eel. wags and settleanliu of grIievancs h.ave a ,ha.... to ,,,ce{d. lDtlw.ersI. u.if.ni sm. The Ieniefiti ailall of tainly not an envialde one, At the time of tIS rn eljt il . .lO. caml Iro.... the tri.al The.. ,,k..rs IkIelht for a yfi-or the Revohltioni nskHdilled laorer ieceived l. 'faildTp Ih. t.' i.rttht arid disappointt- about 50( ents, da y. This rate inert,,sed T[he fotght tganlst swratshipr ant child lhooPI,. Oh, iti a..I tioe hald1il),s of these bahor, Tiny 1u-r11 foillhr o h,aid l- to 90 cents 'b.out tle tull'll of the entuly. il2nt first BrothiS of ours. The,ote 4 Hours were loig about 70 a wik ail UntIl so>l timeof lt IS20I iily In Ii861-186l5 ale the geat war between .%...... f Dp tO[.I; t.oLlh. 1rVte.) *Inty igtll the work alduon.. Little chilhdren wire e, the State. ThisC(ivil War had strikig e- ployed 12 to 11 hor.s a dar six days it e for frIe education for their FeihePor (Continued on lage 70) at tho i-at. of Molit .,,il dotilr a weck. Orgoaniation--the Answer

AiS iltist' y cntiatred, to develop ando x- paod the 'oIzkers iealized mlo, dnr that oi.a llatlon wlas the only anlist. to the,, j"o e ir ifOf ecrllorn.c d,.p lessloD ..I

that the only lr5 i, sahu i the eaith they were crerstilai in the sweat of their browswa.wa s by ilsorinl,Unlio.s.. Arid so thoes aeDw orkers bInalne. the first nionists alnhonce il-gl/aizd, they sit ot itbnimeiiattly to htail beWer wages and conditions. f work. These filrst unilonists seos learned that the strike was their most effective weapon. Because employers tried to break up the ul, ios by setting .. n- unlon wrl-'rS againsl t)..he a[n.i1. .l..n,.l]'rs and also hBe ausesome if their e.l..b.ers. were only too willibiu o aecpt£ the hioetLfits of unionism without sharing any if thl work or hardship entailed; th, un..inists, soon aftehr o'rgtnizatoio, began to fight ionlA and earnestly for it "losed shop," with li hbelonging to tthe.inl.. is- aillI sharint the responsibilily. In the early years af the IStO ee..tin.y. there were htlily local uos scattered throughout the country. bhuti it was rIit Until 1827 that a real labo nmovement began in the United States. in this year, the car- Cubritt' ., uuf Sotu nlii lidumz. penters, bricklayers, glaziors, printers and MILLING MACHINE BUILT IN 1818 BY ELI WHITNEY, INVENTOR OF THE COTTON GIN Ibe ournal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors

tionIl authorities are now begi .riing, more than ever before. to examine these "informa- tory'" codes as they come from the hands of ELECTRICITY Caase such informator.:omnittees. and to 'sepa- rate the wheat from the chaff" and, on ex- aminiation, they find some "chaff." Some provisions of such informatory codes are good-some not good eso.ugh- some defi- nitely badagainst public interest. It is the J.QByW.CANADA, Consulting Engineera duty and is becoming the practice of au- By W. J. CANADA. Consulting Engineer thorities to use only the wheat. Divide Wheat from Chaff LECTRICAL energy is a very important Unless properly curbed, man's servant of mankind. But we mi are- As criteria in their examinaionl of such Efully police it and watchfully keep it a "greatest servant" becomes "foreign made" "informatory" codes and in servant by well safeguarding our life andi greatest foe. their responsible separation of wheat from property from its possible harmful effects 1944 figures cited chaff, before their acceptance and adoption and especially by keeping it where it be- of any of the provisions of these informa- longs. It is an agency of great power. When cnusesF ggreater number of fires than any tory codes, these jurisdictional authorities safeguards, in accord with principles, are other listed cause with but one exception, are now beginning to insist upon consistent not taken, as when this agency is not care- and causes a much greater monetary fit, adherence to correct code principle for all fully paliced andi kept in correct electrical loss than any other listed cause, without parts of these informatory codes which are pathways-onductors and equipment cor- exeeption. Evidently those responsible have to be used by them. Where the informatory retedy designed and maintained so as to not lone a good enough job in erecting code codes do not state clearly their governing handle this powerful agency safely--it be- tandalrds anrd enforcing their observance. code principles, or if the jurisdictional au- comes a dangerous agency, as court de- Thi anieal fir loss from electrical defects thoritie do not find that these "'informa- cisions have consistently stated. When leic- is listed as exceeding $53,580,000.00, plus tory" codes have enough such prineilles or trical curr.ent escapes from electrical path- a ceosiderable percentage (probably over not enough correct ones, or do not find strict ways because they are not correct pathways 13 per cent or $20,000,000) of the "fires from adherence to them the jurisdictional au- -not .correctly designed and maintained p ,unknown,causea-$153,000,000i.00. thorities are now proceeding to set up their -this places great and unwarranted bur- Jurisdictional authorities-states, ities own additional correct code principles, or dens on the general public andl on those and others-have the duty to require all to enunciate existing ones more clearly or many non-electrical portions of the public citizens to do their parts in getting and more correctly. And, what is equally in- which are responsible for safe non-electrical keeping this property and life hazard as low portant, the jurisdictional authorties are operations of such useful objects as water is practicable. Hazard in such exessive new beginning to consider every provision piping and attachments. which objects are degree as now exists is not a desirable nor of a proposed edition of any "inforniatory" of course not designled for, nor rightly to be aeptahible by-product of electrical service. code of "foreign" origin. in the light of subjected to, carrying current which has These authorities also have the duty to pro- these principles, as adopted by these au- been allowed, carelessly or wilfully, to es- tert all the citizens within their jurisdic- thorities. And no permission or require- cape to them from the electrical pathways, tions from encroachment of electrical cur- ment in any provision of such an infor.le- because these pathways have not been made nmt upon the non-electrical facilities and tory code will be allowed to "get by" in and kept correct- so as to safely guard non- objects within private premises, which en- future (as in the past) ul.ess the jurisdic- electrical objects from invasion by this dan- croachment is canused by failures to adhere tional authority concerned and responsible gerous agency, electricity. to correct designs of electrical conductors, to and for its citizens, finds the provision ad- equipment and installations which will keep heres to the correct code principles adopted Who Is Responsible? electrical current safely within, andi from by the jurisdietion. escaping from, such equipment and installa- No informatory code.committee nor its in- The burdens which incorrect electrical tions formstory conductors, equipment and installations code product will. in future, be may considered sacrosanct Nor will any such and do impose on an innocent and unmsuspect- How to Curb Electrical Fires "foreign" code be deemed or stated by a ing public appear, then, both in property jurisdictions law or code to be "prima facie" and life losses by fires caused by the danger- These authorities are becoming aware evidence of (most) approved construction ous agency, electricity, and in the way of that an insuffiiently effective job is being requirements. Nor will any such unjustifi- imposing an invadling electrical current on done to keep electrical hazards within bounds able presumption be stated by a ju'isdie- innocent non-electrical objects within pri- and to keep electrical energy within bounds, vate premises. Who, in addition to those sup- tion's law or orders. Individual members, in private premises. And these authorities choice of members and balance of represen- plying this agency to private premises, is are earnestly seeking correct information tation on such committees--all are now responsible for keeping this powerful agency as to how to keep down electrically-caused known to be subject to human frailties from becoming a dangerous one, and one fires, and how to keep electrical current from which frailties do exist. The individual juris- truculently invading peaceful objects which escaping from electrical it should not invade? Anyone who assumes installations to non- dictional authority will do the deciding as to electrical objects. what are "approved construction require- to participate in the making of standards meats." It is responsible fr electrical installations, and who willfully Informatory, advisory codes have long to its citizens No longer will the jurisdictional authority "Let or carelessly participates in so making thorse been offered to such authorities by various standards that thte, standards contain agencies and in the absence of better in- the (informatory) code decide"-a dis- credited slogan. Let it assist (its correct provisions--larnrmissimo s or requirements formation or advice. sonme such much adver- tised informatory code (whether good function, to just the extent that it is good which allow that powerful agency, electrical enough), but not decide. eelney, to becomse a dangerous or escaping enough or not) has tended to be used by the agency-is not serving the public, but is authorities, with comparatively little re- Besides doing its best to supply correct injuring the public. The International view and without desirable changes. The a- substitutes for any informatory code provi- Brotherhood of Electrical Workers will not thorities, now becoming wiser, however, have sions which the jurisdictional authority finds approve any such prostitution of the stand- come to know that these informatory codes to violate its adopted correct code prin- ards for electrical installations. are not perfect or sacrsanct, but are mere- ciples, the authority-as an addithional avail- ly products of committees of human beings. able means of reducing the unwarrantedly Electricity as Fire Cause which committees are inescapably domi- large fire and life loss from electrical haz- nated by certain groups or bundles of groups ards--will place in its code or its law or The records of the National Fire Protec- of human beings whose motives and motions orders, in future, the evidently needed clear tion Association show that electricity has are not free from, domination in turn by and ample requirements for the making been an increasing fire cause (with increase special rather than public interests. Indeed. of recorded reinspections of existing electri- of course. in deaths from such fires). for special interests consciously have sought cal installations at sufficiently frequent years, both absolutely and in proportion and obtained large predominance in voting stated intervals, by suitably qualified and to fires from other causes, until now numhers -"interlocking directorate" voting responsible persons. There will also be cor- (N.F.P.A, figures for 1944) electricity control--of such committees. And jurildie- (Continued on page 73) FEBRUARY, 1946 53

est order. The details of this accomplish- ment are not given here as in the course of events they will probably be obsolete for the next "Santa Claus Lane." L. U. No. 11 Performs the Miracle Pioneer Otto K. Olesen and Company were ealld on to perform yet another miracle of lighting and decoration. This company born with and servicing the mo- tion picture industry has been under agree- mert with the i. B. E. W. for many years. Fabrication of the many parts of the dec orations shown in the accompanying photos were done in the shops of this company. All work in connection with this display was done by members of Local B 11. Installation work was directly under the supervision of Brother Leo Geasland, a member since 1917. He has behind him a long record of spectacular lighting, haing designed the installation of lighting eiects in world famous auditoriums and dance halls. Fabrication of the various parts was done C IA at several locations and the details of each would prove SANTA CLAUS LANE, HOLLYWOOD EOULEVARD, HOLLYWOOD, CALIORNIA to he of interest, if this article were intended as a technical report. Brother Geasland was supported by BRothers Farley, .arris, Dottie and Weath- erby as forem.n. on the various portions of Q la&sO-' a 04(la~iaoac the undertaking. They in turn are unani- mous in praise of Business Representative Peabody in securih g the issar y man- power in putting over this program. L. U. No. 1i's famous Santa Claus Lan, ByFaA.BUSSEY, LaUNo II even mlade the radio cilcuit. W, heard our By F. A. BUSSEY L. U. No II comeIdian friend, Bob Hope, sometime after New Year's and he said that a friend had been talking to him that day about the trees OLLYWOOD, that fabulous city of ro- They do things in a big and decorations on the Hollywood lane and H 11.llywood the the "electrical way" in the saying how attractive they were but he city of drtaIs,,Hiiywood, the home of thought it was time they were taking them the super-colossal takes her position seri- movie capital down. Then Bob quipped: "Why ously. they can't Each outstanding achievement is but take them down because of the housing a challenge to surpass not only efforts on tioll take on astronomical proportions. There shrtaget they stairted to take a few down the part of other communities but on each were over 17,000 lights. The problem of dis last week and three veterans and their occasion to surpass her own accomplish- tribution required engineering of the high- families fell out." mnents. "Santa Claus Lane'" is a tradition with Hollywood. Annually, famous "Hollywood Boulevard" is decorated with lights and trees and nightly during the holiday season. world famous glamorous cinema figures ride in floats along "Santa Claus ane." The streets are thronged with not only visitors but the stars of stage, seceen and radio. This institution is a part of Califmornia, as much a part as the Rose Bowl Game at Pasadena on New Year's Day. Each Year Presents Challenge Following the tradition of Hollywood there is no resting on laurels won. Last year's accomplishments sere only as a basis to measure this year's presentation. The challenge to this year has been well met. The committee in charge authoriaed well over a quarter million dollars to brilliantly light Hollywood Boulevard to pr'ovide a fitting background for the galaxy of stars, to fur- ther enhance the glamour of this occasion beloved by the folks and their children from all sections of the nation. Recent news reel presentations shown throughout the nation are climaxed by the gorgeous spectacle of Santa Claus Lane in Hollywood. The "lane" proper is slightly over a mile in length. Statistcs covering the installs- SANTA CLAUS LANE BY NIGHT 64 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators LONG HOURS bo A't Palj Y daHat

THE U. S. Department of Labor published U. S. Department of Labor two bulletins late in 944 showing the ETffoets of fatigue, throughh, ong workiig shows non-economic factors in hour,. on total ouitput. p rdl.ouctiVt, tlhiniic' 7-day week, and other excesses. and other factors affect ing olkrl> trian tihei waok. The prinlary ,coclulsion of the sl.rv.. Fatigue takes toll is: "It appears that lihours worked beyond i40) a ail al 1w day was about as g.o.d as any or 48 per wveek result in additional output, other ay. W et a sixth lay was idded, the but at the price of contiBnuoeus dcrepan, in effiiency and marked increases in absentee- lile of produptlon rema, ,dinedlit. hut droppled ism as hours rise. A point is finally reached tI a ower level. The data indicattd clearly at which the longer ('ork schedule is no that workes adjust themselves to longerI mure productive, and actually nay he less hours by slowing down, not because they productive than a shorter work schelule. want to, hut hetesre thby have to..' "W With few exceptions the lonIer vorking The primnary effect of lengtheninig daily time in the plants studied resulted in a gen- hours tflo workers on the lay shilft is thus eral slowing down, not only diuring th, addld hotrns but throughout the entire woiktewo k funid to wipe out the gai ill iplductive Materials Spoiled "Another point illustrated by the survey output associated withll the "midweek Spllt' Fulthe- losses in total output occur is that the seven-day week as a steady which normnally appears with a shorter through a coil'r'esp.lding rise in the amount program, is uneconomic and may actually working day. l)ily efIiieney p for,attiir of spoilage of niatrials as a result of production thil result in less the six-day i]ce nl1vte-w ae g workers on the second and fatigue and the pressure for speed. week. ' * light shifts reveal noI suich nidwek spurt; jieak ,iduefe i kiie. ncy aplpe Sr al the he- Wari-tihu Iressui'e for .naxhnuni plodue- Five-Day Week Most Efficient ginfing of the weIk and dcclines steadily tion tended to lead to a iengthening of the "The available evidence indicate, that, on throughout the week. Th, report fin ds that wokweek. "By drawing on the reserve the whole. the five-day wek anI eighthoeb they rl'e "not is efreshedl when they cOlle strength of the workrs, latories may ob- day ale more epilcient than a work schedule on the job." tain greatly increased output for hrief with longer hou s. That does not .meia , how periods of time. Over extended perIiods, ever, that longer hours are not pindrctive Fatigue Pattern however, very long working schedules do not There is little sacrifie in efficiency, for in- necessarily yield the greatest output. Ab- stance, if a sixth day of eight hours or less The analysis of "fatigue patterns" for in- senteeisn i·ncriases, injuries occur more fLe is added. The sharper beak cones when eniitiv workers showed that in general a quently, and hourly efficiency declines until daily hours are raised from 8 to 9% or 10 shift from a eJight-hour day, 40-honir week the total output fromn long hours of work or 1I. " ' to a 10-huar day, 50-hour week results in a may be actually less than, could he ob- These findings are based onIl the study and drop ili e4fiicicy of aIbut 5 per ,,LA: the tained frllom a shorter working schedule," analysis of the experience of 12 metalwork- further addition of a sixth day, aisring the thi Departinent of Labor declares. 58 lowers efficiency ing plants in which two or more ,.orkwteks workweek to or ft hours, The report cautions, "There is no such had been pltaed in operation for lon noughll by 7 to I0 per ent while a ii-hour work- week nay result in an efficiency decline of thing us an optimum hour schedule' for all periuds of time to 1permit valid comparison industry."' A satisfactory schedule of hours of the effects of longer' antd shrter working as much as 20 per eelt. for a plant with light machining operations weeks. The study was conducted under the The D epartment of Labor ha ws attention may be economically wasteful in one re- supervision of Mr. Max Kossoris, chief of to the shap distinction between "total plant quiring heavy operations, such as a foundry, the Industrial .HazardsDivision of the Bu- otput" anid "effiiency" ol' output per man- where working conditions are to be hot, reau of Labor Statistics, and published un- horn-). The efficiency rate is a measure of dusty and noisy with the air filled with der, the title of 'Studies of the Effects of the output of oiplioyts who are actually fumes. Long Working Hours."' working. Total output deIpends not only on Analysis of plant production records the efticieney late but ilso on absenteeism Worker elffciency arid operational results showed that the addition of a sixth and mnyv other fctors resulting in loss or are affcetcd not only by the sehedule of but also by working cnnditions and dlay of work is more effective, on the whole, waste of iroductive time. hours. than the maintenance of a five-day week with lahbor-management relatios, which vary a iengtheing of daily working hours. This The I)epart.llnlt reports that as hnur of fromIn plant to p,1ant. "Much dpends on the was found to he particularly true for ineen- work increased either daily o' weekly, ab- type of worlk and the requienImentts it exacts tive wage workers, less significant for work- senteistn also arrkdlv pincr.easd. "Sonic of from workers, the degree to which workers ers oi straight day rates. the data suggest a higher incidence of idle- can control the speed of operations, and the ness. In some instances it was quite clear incenitivs which motivate thpem-whether The "Midweek Spurt" that work*rs wanted or requ.ir.d more time vlume of pay, participatuion in the war ef- foi linsure or to attlid to p)ersonal miatters. fort, labor relatioas, or workilig conditions Ince.ntivewage workers on a daytime shift It is also likely that the strain of longer gne--allgy,' declares the repop. under a 40- or 48-hour schedule were found hours and the fact that the weekly piy en- normally to build up hourly efficienciea to a velole was higher lhan it had bheen for years All in all, the lindings of the survey amply "midweek spurt,' with peak efftieneles on inildc& workers to play at-tore supply the age-old contention of labor that combined to long extended hours of work are in the end the third and fourth days of the week and a tentiln to thir health and wellbeing." slight drop thereafter. "When daily hours unproductive. In additi to lo sses in total outlput due w'ere lengtheswd to 9½ or nore. however,' The Department of Labor it Canada has the Department of Labor found "this peak to greater absenteeism, the labor D)epart- ment found increased losses due to a higher endorsed the findings of the U. S. Depart- disappeared, The production culve for the ment of Labor by summarizing the report successive days of the week flattened out, incidencehboth in frequency and in severity of industrial aeeidents with the lengthening of fatigue studios published by the latter I BLS Bulletin No 191-A, PD. I and 2 of daily or weekly working hours, quoted here in its official monthly journal, Part i, BLS Bulletin No. I1nd Part 2. BLS The Laborur Gaeltto for October 1945. Buliltin No 791-A. CPart I siim l lnres andliOlsl based on the fist six pianis sUlveyed: Part 2 in* - mBLSBu1lltin NO, 791-A. p. 2. igrs baIsd on the full 12 plants studied.) 13.LS}u l]l.i No, 791-A, p. 3. BLS ullitIln No. 791, p. 1. FEBRUARy, 1946 15 ANADA took ]lng steps forward induS- ;lit]y rdurllilg the war through the pro- C i...li ofi uiion"ll-naoagemelnt uile _- tnon. With the objiecti es f imfirpivi Io CANADA 4duances Win,~ ductive Nlcicc¢y, advarleiTg mutual iliielr- standing and coni diene betwveen walrk(s aR.d thdir elpllOyes and maintaining a hibgh level of 0orhle amon g~ war wor kers, thli gy- erllnillt olf thl I)4lninini of Canada early AfanaFseme4 Cooropt~ion i 193 .tl up ai illthideTarrmlentaI com- mittee on alhoy-malnagement. The ,(oii..itte was tdeveoled bthough Almost 400 joint committees be the gateway to satisiy ing tbh ino nral Ie comllhined iqDonrs;hip of the Canadian Rlin- site of f.orke,.r to lpliy a .lial.. active part istry estebiished. ilf Munltion and Supply and the Mi) Movement grows in the wtar efrti than the mlorneoptratium, itrty of La.ahoiti The expressed poicy o)f fabrication or 11aittenaree of productive this Iody was to encaour..age the formation of ulmittemI, sthte ban graB.. , ;lvi, lrtg fion ,quip men. Beyond that. it .eolglizesthe joint lnidon al.tI n alangemnt il .. l.t.(il i tijgss honii w,,l, kiba eunlfituon. While mtrintrie fact that pIltiduntiti depen'lds as oelnllttees inihlidIstlies sserltial to the war Io ctbt'ivc,bl irriaiitlrl the Dpru l and mc(*- nunch upoil labor as it does Diirlag(e-oipipn effort. e-ptcdi prul·c~ llue f ituulah nngr vngei, ho rns aad m'k''ing endl bhmnand ajsilnr l In Jrtiialyv 1941 thle temporary init(llt arll-rr Labor-nlauallgie et c .e. .ll es ilerr e as a pa.trittFleiid colllliltte. was 'epllacil by tilhe 'lte", il inuin[, it is not n.cess.arily the twIo-waI halnlnel for the exthante of lieas, mnot, fiel'll lrnl't'iMral Produc.tion C o.p.la- iasl wi . iii aibol-- rloanagcnmntl. o.cu. et.ioi L iland the fiank di.scussio o f ilili. 1[iril Iuc- titillo B[°Ird. I llder Ihe atlspices of the boIaId 1,have to gO a sp furtheI,r tlon problems. Esserial to succeesrul opera- rearly Ph)0 labo..r....aerlonag ent crmiihitt(,s "Ctdhtive hargailting, as the te, i . tion is a spi[rit o)fparitiership adhmo. have. ilur ien established. plies. involves two opposite sides trying to The most imnr.li;iat probiliis with which Thloinh the princess of joint consultation clle to an agreenln t. anti to gtg ti e nost they have ' Concerie d Ithemse.lv,, it, ( a.nallll, Wo rkeist itd their (i[p)loyciF to;ether ha ve for the pIeople tthey rpresent. BIoth larties as elsewh eie, hae cetter.i Ill i.nId seICh been abir to * 4smoothout the rough p]ahls anil are i a suoit of defensive role. It is Iow topics as: lu wilidly elib ilaLt 011ellalof the khiks impedingp n axi hlhlI, h w.r... that the defen vie role Imprvinig efficiency Iuitm phlnt ilicitwicy. is not enough and that labor should also he I l inicasoinmg plant output ive ia lre po.sitive role ii idiustry. That Conserving materials, tools and. ti..Iirelt Precepts for the Guideposts is the purpose1 of the new mlaihinerby of eno Full utilization of skillI and .. nipowcet operation !lpl sen.oelld by lah.l.--i.laagei.len The I r.llstrhil P]oduction C(oopelatio Mininil zig absenteeism ,olnliittn's Ili thse- coninittN es, hlbol neetsi Bliminating Board has laiM dowll a set accident haznmls of brnadi beits with banttAgenue1ni for tihe solttiall of ]uqb- Precepts to seIve as tiidpbosts Maintilling worker noleb forT the ~; len[]] which co/nleell not one side or tablishleitf c .such tieu tiLLher Promoting educational , weI[llf. ai.ld. ee- organizations for .nu- alone, built which ane the coil eli. if the tuial Xcihlsige reatilnal acivitiles i' idCas all sug'gestions, l'he plant Ior inidustry as such funldalln'iettd pri,,iJples Building lip fuller nutual I. ililllsaidialg inelude: "The icinripl of joint son.llstati..n oin Tite, iihille ptuppose Of .heolalinit.. and collfliene between woiker and prLtluctioui pioiblhens involve s1ahain.lhe o)f should botexam ine 2and consIlr /meanllsto thhen lt ployels aI~[iltlthd both on thepart of inanaliamnitllt ani of labe, *** Tbis irinciple gives the woker Effective Procedure 2 Thu iiiolnlittP(I should he cOm..Iposed of sensc of responsibility and miaks bil, f((d 'el"blenititivts, preferably in equal mlml- Ihat he is i.re I than a mereIog in the whet'! bers, tforo Label and inollatgnil t direte5y The lindustlial ProductioI Cooperation Of iildistily, It isstlnies that the nll, Itthe Board of amnad-a outlines engag{d Inilio.ldtiti.i. inl the particular unit in a bo)kielt,"Vic- l niat hine cIIc contribute advic.e o1/ the best toly or plat s in the Making)", the plolPledule,. which il whicth the eommittee is to funle- lnutIhod of oprating that machine. hbew litl, tiOl. it has found to bhe most effectiv inl formu labol relilnelltati.ves should be ehost!. it bhe( saved, uinllee ,nSsy o[Ia,l iOlls .lHni- ]ating a joint co.sultative algeily Nion t sl"ad in ia lollUrall( iialannel' from the varinious tlatu~d muIaduatrial con..er.ved.' departmenits. o ,natural] diviions within the working basis. The boald stiongly Urges the adoption of a written constitution delineat- 1int Ol Ialuit Cooperation Brings Records :I. T]he mllittte shouild ig the slecifie obj,,ectives if the eoll/iitte; serte in all ,i- the scope of problems which it souhli Co,- Vioy nn1l eorsuItati, e calqadtty. Recli, Thll tppiliatti n fi the pToincitilt if u oth- sider, su defined as to Jlinsto agaiinst anll~hatit in lioan StiggesftOln s shoul he, -al. nuimlgtla9£qlmmlt cnoo)lration bils h,,Ii footed to fully ,xhnd"'\ Whellme they are not a.cept- tCon htl,1'e d O nsjugl 0 80) 1 8 [4Llalleju it ItloIbtlllions should Iel in...- vidledas 1iii thirl inilasibility; whre eln- doi}iN bl Ihlb t[t1,lhiittse nlidadteiliil by maliIalteliiitti hillhIid should [o-$eaon, iil Idle. etee tuatn lgr .... 4I Tli comm ittee, "should thli-,concern ,selvesexuirleh q with problenis of pirdluc- Lolm tu thlh [11dbillvtve pm olbenul iatiiiz ti wie%, wlkihl c..r.dlld itins aridsili nili unitb tell, ilcihig rliu toelnates. the applu iat, eoIlet, lt ILt aittlnir pltenlt' A Ilnlr hlle of d.remark.ation is tirs drawn betlwtoel lhe amino of sutilcctimatters uittaile for lit....l. n la. ce bargaining prou-iuIaes and til- attIa II I;bor+rmuanatgenent diase stins (ie all Ither peoh"Ims falling wihin the gti,rinl cattl,,y of prodlution... Th, t tvo stts if ...ii-hilm-y ill uo way ovel]ip in fulnItionl/ or ;Iet'fli'e iln the activrtiel of lecb obherl A New Approach

"Th, onhIlihtes lnvido a new approach htow l loon "i'll lnllattgenlent," declares 5It. IL CaIl (iihhlbuelg. (haiialn, of the In- dusrial Prodilh tO.n Cooperation Board. "They ilovidine a frrani channel of commUni. cation on pr-ohlents of pioduetion, that is, on BIG INDUSTRY IN CANADA ad Operlors '5Iii~~~~~~~~~~~ ~The Jouroal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS voltage between each hot wire and neutral is 120. The center of the circle represents the neutral, the three equally spaced points Kno4tELECTRICAL P%4lem on the cir'le represent the hot or line wires, nnrl the three lines out from the center reple- sent tile voltage from neutral to each lilne wire -- 120 in this case. This is called the Mafe BcyticalET4. SiAple phase voltage. To Find the Line Voltoge L. U. 683 By ROBERT F. WALLACE, The seondl part of our observation of three-phase faour-wire star connecited sy- If you can figure tems is that there is an E.M.F. of 208 volts journey- of "hot" wires. Irt us worried about becoming good your paycheck, you can become between each pair S men because they are weak on mathe- draw llthree lines as shown in Figure 2, one ,natics. I encourage them by telling them a good journeyman betwen each pair of hot wires. The length that if they have enough math to figure of each of these lines is 13 inches and with subtract the their paycheck and add and lin fro-m our mark on the left hand edge the scale of 16 volts to the inch these lines their six-foot rule, they have a readings on center, it will be 7t represent 208 volts each, which was the ob- good chance. of the circle to the and if we adopt a scale of 16 served value. This is the line vol.ge. this point home I show them how inches long, To drive will represent 120 three-phase voltages "add up" by using the volts to the inch, this Thus we see that the reason three-phase rule to draw a diagram to scale. A lot of volts. The voltages in a three-phase system voltages don't seem to add up is because them have been bothered by the fact that are so arranged that first one line wire they aren't lined up, but work at an angle on star-onnected three-phase four-wire sys- reaches its mnaximum llpositive voltage with of 120 degrees to each other, and when this any pair of tems the voltage is 208 between respect to the neutral and then one of the is taken into consideration it works out all "hot" wire is line or "hot" wires, but each other two. Next the last wire reaches its right, to the grounded neutral. The usual 120ivolts ma,,,imum or peak value and then the first idea of tills explanation of this fact is that the two volt- To see if I've put across the wire again. This series of occurrences is re- three- ages are at 30 degrees to each other, andi a diagranm method of working out over and over andi the peaks are generurs amount of trigonometry and even peoted phase problemls, try this one. Two lamps of giving three peaks per cycle. calculus is dragged in, either to explain it or equally spaced, umnqual wattages rated at 250 volts each to cover up how obscure the situation is to If the cycle is repeated 60 timeis ia Isecond arc wired in series across a pair of hot wires of 60 cycle. The the explainer. the voltage has a frequency ill a three-phase four-wire star colinoted compasses are set I can represent tilhe In my method a pair of circle we drew in Figure system. The voltage between the junallper be- and a circle drawn. A point represented by at 7l4 inches cyle. The first peak will be twveen the two lamps and the neutrial was is marked on the left hand edge of this circle drew f(om the center. Since there the line we observled to be the same as the voltage across and five more marks are spaced off from this peaks to he drawn in, and they are two more If the line voltage is 208, point with the compasses still set at the same spacedl, they will he represented one of the lamps. are equally each of the lamps? distance. It will be found that six spaces from the center to alternate marks what is the voltage across by lines jumnper be- around the circle will come out even. In of the ones we spaced off evenly on the cir- What is the voltage from the hot wire2 other words the circle is divided up into six cle, skipping the ones next to the ones we tweer the two lamps and the third equal parts. This is shown in Figure 1. use. These are shown in Figure 1. Since the I get 138 2-3 volts across one lamp, 691-8 of scale is still 16 volts to the inch and each across the other and 183 volts from the Applying Our Knowledge lines is 7/ inches long, each of these these jumper between the two lamps and the third lines represents 120 volts. This agrees with Now let us apply our knowledge of three- hot wire. the first part of our observation-that the phase voltage to this diagram. If we draw a

A,

A

Em ~-h l -.------C* ~ NA, NB nod NC-plase. NA, NB and NC-phks. N-neuralt N-oeurl A A, d C-I.i voitaget A, B and C-ln;e w res voltages A,~~~FGRn -ln le 2 FIGURE 2 FIGURE FEBRUARY, 1946 I7

L. U. No. 1037 Dusablon, Arthur 1037 Thibault, Napoleon Winae" Meeic4f o 1037 Woodmall, John U. 1245 Geiston, Eidwin H. 1245 Moore, Jay E. AHl the aforementioned applications were made in accordance with th, prvisions of Tosp CAecatoe COUNCIL the International Cuotilual t, and the offi- cial records show that the applienlits have sufficient continuouse n.lhership ill the HE meeting was aIlled to order by Chair- Minutes of the 1945 Fourth Brotherhood t conform Io the pension laws; Tllar Paulsen. On roll al all ,,members re therefore, the names of thes applicmnts ported present, tI-wit: Quarterly Mee+ting of Internationai were ordered placed on the Brotherhood C. M. Paulson Executive Council pens ion rolls, and the paymerit of pes;ion William (. Shord hbnefits to these pen siolners will be made D. W. Tracy after they. notify the Inll ,roatralSecreta ry. L. N, Herr3 Van Amrsdmae,Jr. by the proper mnclhod, that they have ceased C. F. Piroler 4> \Wllia~I'] Vrnk B doing eleetrical wirk. Cha rins ,. F'nehn The followbig members appeled to the Haimku~, Alfred 'l F. I. KelII iOS1,x Internainl Soettearvy who Ievfrred their D. A. Mannming 6* appeals toi tile ,imUll for treclioell in J. L. McBride W AIkal, r their mem bership snimdlig il ilS,t ,D T e. h Tie ]iniltes of the ihbid .juarterl meet- 98 .rd NIA, L. U ing were reald illd ilpproVd. D~qUltiLVit irald lol t 'Inik ii F. iush $0535i2 463 ii3 William E. A:,thony 7t03214 1M,; Council M,-embers Willuna Shotd and Erwln A nuri X 1117 1247 Charbls IFoebh, ,ll appointid by the chair Willi, (;u I ]Pt Ralph Cart, 772l42 77 to xani;e thile audit for the third quarter 114 SCo....k , .larvu, K. Willia.", ]. g a.¢tcel 143089 472 of 194.5, and to, repor.t back befell adjourn 108 ih,l,. Mpw;ll K R S Friclks

What D)o According to the American Library Assoc- Management From years of experience we have devel- Gl's Read? atioln, careers and big money dol't interesl on Itself oped an inmplicit faith in our ability to thie oining veteran :is muchi as security and handle technical details, but we are scared independence. Th,i is ithe report onil 1!945 readiiginIeres ts stiff about our ilndustrinl relations. received by the American Library Association from 150 Our problems today are no longer our lathes, our public iibraries in communities of all sizes and Iypes, and boilers, ou caliculators; our predominiait iproblems are in all parls of the United States. D)scharged selvimcnel John Doe, Marm~ Soithl, Joe Jones alnld Mildred Brow. are (coming to the library for vocalional inlfnr ipaion at the The most complicated machine suddeniy seems simple rate of ot) a week in Boston. The Detroit Public Library compared to the fellow whom we hired to run it. l'epotYs Ifrno 65 to 75 calls a day for infornmaloin onil the While iour mlllaterial efficiency has been increasing for (GI Bill of Rights, suitable training schools, college en- more that a centulry, our humanl capacity for working trance requirements. The general inipression of liibrarians together has cotinuially decreased in the identical period. reporting is that the veterans are taking time to make up We have become experts in results, in mechanics, in ef- their minds. Even the men and women who have made fects, but wve have failed to even appllroach a solution to plans while in service are checking carefully in books and the dynamies of human behavior. other reference tools to be sure about their personal quali- We have committed the Golden Rule of life to memory, fieations, equipment needed, and prospects for success. but we have neglected to apply it to every day practice. Small business and farming aire the two predominante If we are honest, we must admit that the development interests. Libraries have found it impossible to meet the of the science of living and working togethlier is lagging demand for books in these fields. There is a special appeal dangerously far behind our science of productiont. In the in narratives relating the experiences of indlividual farm- science of physics we haive inally succeeded in creatinlg a ers who have succeeded in making a living on the land. monster we are afraid of. We spent two billion doltilrs to According to some librarians, the interest is il farming develop it, yel not one red penny has been allocated for as a waILy of life rather than as a way of makiang a living. the erealion of a scientific world wide study of how to live The GI wants the secure feeling of living oil his own land, and work together. and his interest is il the small farm. Books on specialty While we have been growing closer together on the farming are l)opular; those on ranching, large-scale enter- assemlbly line as a result of excellent planning and layoult, prises are not. The same principle applies to business. The we have grown farther and farther apart as human be- ex-serviceman's demand is for information on repair ings who must work together in the development of a shops, bowling alleys, small stores and public services. As formula for industrial peace and survival. the librarian of Dallas puts it, "Those who really believe -Modern Manag reent. 60 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors dtnwOMMt4'~ WORK CALLING ALL AUXILIARIES By A WORKER'S WIFE

ELLOW workers' wives, sTince the war L. U. No. 716. Houston, Texas The next step is to gather together a com- has beenover these several months and L. U. No. 738,. Omaha, Nebraska mittee of welea sentively interested in start- Fhome goods call nee again take their L. U. Nos. 765 and.558, Sheffield, Alabama ing an auil 5ary. This committee will make place instead of ,muuion.sas rtlrst" itelis L. Uii.No. 876, (hand Rapids, Michigan altl..gtilnents for in or'anzat..io meeting, as many eligible rwomnen as possible, rontsl, with illcreased L. U. No. 903, GuifpertI, Mississippi notify on our production teing plae, etc. The active co- JOURNAL is Igoing back to L. U. No. 917, Meridian, lMississippi btdain a n paper supply, the is also es- its prowar size of 56 pages ,r.d what is L. U. No. 923, Augusta, Georgia ojpr,,,tm of local unh"b officers important to us, we get our two lges hback L. U. No. 995, Baton Rouge, Louisiana sential in getting started. for "Woman's Work"' instead of the mleasiy L. U. No. 1010, New York, New York Wives of local unlion members in good little one we've had since February 9!43. L. U. No. 1112, Jonesboro, Indiana standing will form the backbone of the or- And that measll we want to nconurage our ganization. It is usually agreed also that again and to eneour- There is ou list any additions or , rrec- daughtrsa, mothers or sisters of members auxiliaries to write in tions? Just write in and let us know. And age the formation of new auxiliaries and shall also be eligible provided that the when you ido,why not let us know the types daughter or sister is unmarried or widowed. urge them to Icrrespond with us. It's three of articles you'd like to have appear on these our regular auxil- At the organization meeting, the purpose years since we published paues. Would you like mote rc'ipes? More iary correspoIdnce but we do hope you'll of tie gathering is set foth--usualiy by housekeeping hints? More artides on seif- an oficer of thb local unin. A temporary start right in again. There must be many would you prefer articles inmprovment? ,Or ehairnan and telpolrary secretary are hom- of your activities during the war days that on important women of the trade union will make interesting reading for all our minted andl elected. A committee is named world? Or what? We'd weleoni your sug- to draw up a constitution and bylaws. An- wonlen. gestiols. You name it and we'll do our best Here is a partial list of our I..E.W. aux- other comnmittee may be appointed to put be many more and to oblige. on a membership drive. Still another could iliaries. There must fo, some information for those of like to hear from them so, that we nay Now be appointed to serve as a nominating eom- we'd a ladies' auxiliary and up-todate list. you who do not have mittee for permanent oflerls. The meeting maintain a corpleote and would like to know more about them. We would like to have the names and ad- may then be thrown open for discussion on the wome,' ,aux- dresses of the presidents of the auxiliaries Just What Is anAuxiliary? the aims and program of also. iliary and if possible the meeting should First, what is the purpose of wom.en.s conclude with reflrshments and a social I.B.E.W. Auxiliaries auxiliaries to local unions of the I.B.E.W.? hour to promote friendliness and get every- They are what their name implies--fa help- body acquainted. L. U. No. 5, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ing agent of the i.B.E.W. They are organ- You nay be wondering what is the amount L. U. No. Ii, Los Angeles, California ized to work in conjunction with the locals of dues paid. That is determined by a ma- L. U. No. 17, Detroit, Michigan of the I.B.E.W. to encourage the demand jority vote of .auxillry members. L. U. No, 18, Los Angeles, Calliforiea for the union lahel of every nature, to en- L. U. No. 26, Washington, D. C. courage the purchase of union-made goods. Auxiliaries Fulfill Their Purpose L. I. No. 52, Newark, New Jersey and to help to organize workers, men and L. U. No. 60, San Antonio, Texas women of every trade or calling, and en- Auxiliaries must continually hear in mind L. U. No. 79, Syracuse, New York courage organized labor generally. their main object as an auxiliary to be a L. U. No. 100, lFresno, California The i.B.E.W. International Office does helpimeet to the local and always to work L UI. No. 106, Jamestown, New Y.ork not issue charters for women's auxiliaries in cooperation with it. The authorization L. U. No. 108, Tampa, Florida nor does it issue membership blanks or other for a,, auxiliry comes from the local union L. U. No. 131, Kalamazoo, Michigan forms. However, the 1.0. will be glad to send and if its original purpose is lost sight of L. U. No. 160, Minneapolis, Minnesota simlipe copies of constitution ani by-laws and it becomes a cause for discord in the L. U. Nos. 177 and 862, Jacksonville, for women's auxiliaries. The auxiliary is un- local, the local may order it disbanded. Florida tier no obligation to follow this sample con- theauxiliaries of the I.B.E.W. have a L. U. No. 265, Lincoln, Nebraska stitution and bylaws, but it has been used fine record. They have always borne in mind L. U. No. 278, Corpus Christi, Texas and considered successful by many women' the interests of their locals and of organ- L. U. No. 28, Waterloo, Iowa auxiliaries il the I.B.E.W. and is offered ized labor, thus fulfilling their purpose and L. 1. No. 295, Little Rock, Arkansas simply as a pattern to follow. in which inv being truly valuable assets to the I.R.E.W. L. U. No. 304, Topeka, Kansas changes may be made that the group wishes. We would like to mention at this time L. U. No. 398, Charleston, South Carolina Pins for memhbers of auxiliaries are also that even during the war when space limita- L. U. No. 447, El Centre, California available from the International Office for tions prevented our publishing any of our L.U. N,. 465, San Diego, California 50 cents. auxiliary letters, some of our faithful L. U. No. 474. Memlphis, Tennessee groups wrote in from time to time to tell us L. IT. No. 477, San Bernardino, California How to Organire of their activities. L. U. No, 496, Silv'r City, New Mexico L. U. No, 500, San Antonio, Texas Since the 1.0. does not give the author- Our Auxiliaries Report L. IU. No. 512, Grand Falls, Newfounl1and ization to organize auxiliaries, you will L. U. No. 520, Austin, Texas want to know from whence the permission The auxiliary of L. U. No. 520 of Austin, L. U. No. 569, San Diego, California comes. It is obtained directly from the Texas, wrote in, telling us of their Red L. II. No. 589, Jamaica, Long Islasad. New I.B.E.W. local union. The question should Cross work and other war activities. York be brought up at a local union meeting for L. U. No. 465's auxiliary of San Diego, L. I. No. 940, Phoenix, Avizwna discussion and vote. If the I.B.E.W. mnem- California, also reported. In spite of the L. U. No. 644, Goose (reek, Texas bets approve the auxiliary then the organ- war and shopping difficulties, they remaineA L. I. No. 702, West Frankfort, Illinois ization may proceed, often with a committee true to urion principles and purchased only L. U. No. 705, Lincol.n. Nebraska ero.n the local to give aid. union label merchandise. FEBRUARY, 1946 61

The auxiliary of L. U. No, 11, Los An- geles, California, wrote us that they wee organizing an educational program so that they might become a more valsable part of organized labor. Ladies of the auxiliary of L. U. No. 496, Silver City, New Mexico, carried on novel and interestlng affairs to raise money for war relief soietSies, U.SO., Red Cross and other worthy causes. L. U. No. 304's auxiliary, Topeka, Kansas, wrote us that they missed. the auxiliary cor- respondence very miu.h and hoped it would be continued soonall of which was very encouraging to us. The members of the auxiliary of L. U. No. 640, Phoenix, Arizona, call themselves the Ibew's and they wrote us with enthusiasm of tileir fine peroram. We hope all of these and many more will write in soon telling us of their activities 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and letting us know the kil.d of Woman'm Page they want in their magazine and we hope, tao, that lots of new auxiliaries will 4'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z appear on tie horizon of our .orrespondence column. How About a Party? The thought occurred to mie as I was set- ting down the mplrpse arid activities of the I.B.E.W, auxiliaries that one activity, very enjoyable and much appreeiated by your husband I.B.E.W. nmemhers, would be the holding of an occasional dinner or bullet supper tgether, with you auxiliaries pre- GOOD OLD AMERICAN DESSERT paring the meal. So many of our letters from our press secretaries speak of varius Baow b,>ut eMlebrating the 22l,d of February and hol..... r the lirst President of ~ social events held by the union nIembers. our eonntrwy in a gamd oMlli-fashionead culu.ry way this year by baking the traditional II These affairs are costly when held at res- American dessert glorious herrh y pit -in hol... of the tcasdon. Canned.. ie cherrie * taut-ants and hotels thn too there is often are ... rce just at this time it', Ogle. but perhaps you havr some hom.e-ca.ned ones difficulty, in the case of large local unllins, to find a hotel] or restaurant that has room lurking on , pan.try shelf or perbipsyou canobtpain same luscious fresh frozen ones. to provide privacy for such al affair. But However .sineem heeries. are little dilficult to obtain and ,eause they do require perhaps you could ulse the local union hall or other large room lid prepare a snipper quite a bit of I.re.idgus euag whe n Ised alone, h..r. are somt. leeipes whichcombine party yourselves. It really isn't difficult with :hedrdrs with uther fruit for delicious .iquan.t flvor. a simple menu and propelr planning and or- ganization. I can give you on our page later Cherry-Mincemeat Pie o recipesp, for quantities of 50 or 100 with d . 1%ll ak l c IsiiI .o 2 ,,lnl elctlemt some ideas on the planning and organiza- ",k"Cgil " ea 'I'd le lt 1 iriree 2I ldd(i1Pdd . crdn 1o tion, plans for decorations, etc. There is a gret' deal of satisfaction in IIrcparillg anmd Place inke...... in inlinked pi, shell. Then caver with layer of ch.rries . arsh serving a meal yo-urselves-and --b6ieve it or nota lot of fun gettiing it ready. A.dl herriesr with the corn syrup. Bake at 400'F. for 15 rningut(s Then reduce heat te it's a wonderful way to get to know people. it}s and ... nthinue baking for :I to 40 minutmes. If passible brush the hcheries fix- You find out how interesting Ars. Brown Il,,,,,y with tht turn syll, during the baking period. is while the two of you are cho.pping onions for the potato sal ad and you find out how friendly and charming Ms. Smnithb is as Cherry-Peach Pie you arrange the candles and flowers on your I da ¢ldP. shle ql, serving table. I kagee flnll Prtallrt chddefld lafleetI may b~.etksed--n.haw and dra.)l You wouldn't hayv to limit your culinary I e l.,,ie cd I,, hijes ifamid m., be eeed-,. and drmain efforts just to puttin on an afair fo- repauiux-corit ,age lapioe; your men folks. You gils could have a C.o..binre filling inmgrdlents. Ple. i, unbkiedpit shell-tap with full crust, criss- luncheon or supper meeting just for your- selves evr so oftfn per-haps to initiate cross or cut-uts. Bake at 401' F. for 15 minutes. Then reduce heat to 350'F. for 30 to new nmembers or celebrate the andive.'sary 45 mnivte,. of your founding- y'o. can find lots Of ex- cuses for a party. Cherry-Apple Cobbler Well, these are just suggestions for now and we'll have. nore to say about these mat- Cobbler, f·r~*l: Any favlite baking. powderbiscuit dough may be used. This ters in a subse(r!etll issue. may be ,ladta li~Lth sherter fla this pusp0se, if dashiled, by sdiling 2 adlitional table- Here's to bigger .. d better auxiliaries oin.... f slert'ein]ln. per uIo, P did, f-ressd a layer nf the d I.otb ilto a greaed bak in 1946! s hig dish. then add fliilg and toI with ramainin dough. Bake at 400°F. about 25 minutes. or untit crust is brown an fillisg is tender. /olae4a Al dl .qt o,an A beatiful littie pin IIn blue I coU sugar and white eniarel on gilt (te- 1 cu a1 p t:mk Peoledle. ilicld IE fLic teg"Inderr Ao Migried Especially £o, I ] Y W Combi.le sulgar and flour, then mix well with the cherries and apples. women's autxiliary .. m.r.. =Complet $ 50 0. with safety catch. The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators

L. U. NO. 1, Editor: The writer had the late President Rli iselu(tile great war. 1he mrajurity of Am.iriecan uloters prr] ST. LOUIS, MO. reels illly proud of lieessity for reconver.ion ]lgislh iolL. The bill itnaClhy ill builels ald in world affairs. That the fact he belongs to must tiressod was the onHe ibest irown as the 1lea0ls they ire welkilg for bigger depressions Loral No. 1; the facts set forth below bPlear l lull Einphlym,,enut Bill." 'or thLe beneit of those .inl Iligger wars We iust PLAN or PERISH. out. The Education olnitee ha bullt I Tve- that '..ay not hove rill.wed thie actiities (?) of "Ithor is prior to anl indlepenlent of capital room house with the Contractors Asscintion (iongress. the Seate whittled down Presildent Capital is only the fruit of labor. could n ev- fuCrilshig the necessary materials forr a eln 'I'.r..I.ai,' ,lggestio..m IJUl ansgotld to pass a have existed if laionr had .ut first existed. Labor pleto wiring job and Frank Adams Manufatrie fairly respiectaible bill. is the superoior of capital and Ieserves niuch the ing Company furnishing free all types of cal- The bill thenwent t the lIouse o(fRl...seat.c.tu- higher rricnlderalioen.' nets and range service devices, Local No. I fur- iveds whor, it was turned over to the llouis Ex The above is not a quotation from Karl Marx nihes wiremien as teachers. lhi s school is for Ierlii.tires commiftee. This rorlniltldh hia itllch- but wis sail by a Iman whose birthday falls this lourplant nmaintenance andi "'B" charter inellt ¢red the bill to such an extent ihilt it it weak illonith. Abraham ]ileoln, the getatest of Amnenl returned veterans to learn residential wiring. intl ineainigle*os aIid to cap aIl this arid I. nt..k ans, hlad nune af the quaClities which make for a C(lasses are held at tilt twice a weeIk, lastisg the bill a,,aol tely useless, poor as it is,. fr a tycoon, lIe was entirely licking in greed. As I 90 days. We expect a residential building boom rronrv'inrmun' I.aeasure, they propose thail it in.t write these words the western werrl is cele- next spring and we shall be able to furnish the go into efect ui il 147. It is exleteeit that Ihe cratin Lthe birth f a mlan who certailily had men from our own ranks. [[.use will 1lasst thitls h and thatl ssi1l whn in ie of the qualities of a success in husinless. Happy to report Brother Roy Zeli is recover- it g to the con0eenee cnamittopes of the St-c. Thereaclist, have leern successful businessmen in ing from his serious auto accident. Also to give ate iiod Ilouse a soinethal hltter bill will de- his lday. (i yollu nlame onlle credlit where credit is dce, i.other,Zell is a velop. ''he chasces for this are extnrmly lia The ilu PInts cave suffered a loss in Germany me.mber of the Contractors' Bowling League so beasrae several of the most rabid opporienti o[ when the Army dynslniiteCl a big plant which Brother olerte BrCsrnan, the captain of the the orii nal FullEmploym ent Bill are mebioirs was awaed in part by them. It was well known Flank Adlanll hihampion team. madilCe a Chrisl- of the olouse tilference (!oallnittee. that iliHel rwa plainning war,. That did Itot stop lina rard al elaborate affair showing all the AS statel i, pr .uS lhtters oingress had Aclerica ii big iusiles heelpin the war makers. teams in the lrague. Also 5.00 was, olleeted ial]e proivlsion for protetlring bulinoss ilecestL Plliits oe.llurf, fislt. tioiaso a lior sronid. firom, the fehlows for a present for Brother Zell, dluring he leconveruiorl period yet the nli cot lWeare no ifferenr t rom the lalogring len of These are the trle marks of a good union mart. of ',resident iruman's roe~nlenrndatilns mi-teed Irent [litain,'' said Williacm Gl'neIl to a group "Good work. George!" ipo.ntei near.ly four moinths betweell (o'on of Rernesenltatives last week. \When driven to We hope llI you fellows had Ilen njoyahle greoss ret...lotlilg in S~(ptenlhe and goiot, ou .es.llel.tiuiiwe too will turn to the ]left." ('iiristimas-the first "peaee-on-earth-o-lnenl-of- Its (h.lst.m vratli. , has bheel Io, Iass the, I hope we have brains cnough not to wait good will" Christmas for the past five yeara. reductionbill which pirovids orl stilil g irler .ltlili we are d enyitdesperait. Arid those of us who were iceky enough to get i.erulits forl.C Idi. try nd! the wCCalthy. Of all the t Ihrislia, countries Spain alone has our heroes back shouldi never forget the one] lss Imortantt hills reeonhlenlnetdl hy the Pele- .no Cr.llpulor eCnlplr.tn. ry e.lucatlin. Fascilsl torttinate. detrt anl NOT acted upon by ICo.gr.ssa it: The not igloracile gotogethert. Franco's friends in We have lnnishei fu r seven elemenitarry elases $21.011 per wdeek .. WlnccutDnVlneclpleylneIat (Oo,, thi .,unltry thinik he has a haIII. That i not on electron.hs. i'Each class had about 411 .i.... peLrual imon Bllh. the (l lueints l h.e Miliejil ..in. I1rue. Hi, ihpns olinit iwardl and to his ten- These classes were well attenddii and he nlon Wage Bill, th liousig Bill, the Nat.ionail iHeilih tally cockeyed friends it looks like a halt. surely rcoei ved a whale of krliwledge from themn. Bill 'ad bric!. l e q r-erity Law Revi.iri.n. i. S. GORDON, P. S. Both the oficers ill charge of the work Iandth Onll oflhe maill reason fr all this talhnig orl iltrutctrs along with the men deserve lotsr of the Ir..it of (iolgross ils du( to lhe fIct that it is eretlit for their work in this matter. Eleotrolics i.ilo.c.i.d of ton dailly hdoyll ers fromI. the time is goiing io be the maini ithig in our huloincs. whec lu liirCess wias the igodi to be W wioslhlipl L. II. NO. 58, Edior: I hope I'll We are nrw starting adlati.r c-lasses ill this in rleililer nf (ongres that hlo ed to I.. i.ke UDETROlIT, MICII. nt leto with 'ly lit work. Starting right ifter the New Year them politis acarer. Oe edy fill ths isIo give every omastelpipeCe this lasses are for the "A, .oB," and "C' groulps of tiBoo ( otrl ssllerli a hut foot in the hp oi f nlonh Ilrcause I wouid like to thank Brother Ilurfird of local Union No, 103 for senlitg in our local union. letters re/lmindin them that evorywhere, oscecil thut addless inl the ieeiliber The oCiers of No. I wish to ail of you a i.appy i lbe few renllhlirLf poll tax states, it ix the issue to Boston's New Year one filled with lots or jobs anCd good woticg eloaItl n m bigiot, business lhat ELTCI'IS city enilcoyee s hy the Reverendl Crashing. If I coull haveeoellleiveuld and written that essay, I tilmes. tlhen to oilirnnrd also pally their salaries ftr wIIuhi icc altisfied nover to write ltother pars- L.. KILItAN, P. S. which a little aeiont InlLtbehl if of lt wBillkii gra~lh. Ilallis In I order, Such deliveranees icy n.our of the clergy have It is not l.o early toL. gin toPrepare for he beln ilat, ill coming to the forefront. Too long L. U. NO. 3, Editor: This letter fall elections by aqluaintilg yourself with y"ur ('on'gresunari'S reord l arid if h, has .u.t ploycIl andci tiol often have thase gentlemnen of the frock NEW YORK CITY, i bieing writtten New gospel Isquare put il someoer that iwill,instead of vot- peaelhemld tie of catering to privilege. N. Y. Year's lver nid will bIe "Poverty is no is.racet'i they have cha ted be ringIs youl distriCt olhllt~ee.l..an tells you to. read, if at all, after tween hi tes on tllhe drustick, "Be mod est he Cne-welfth of the year has pInsseod into history. There are ateoether too, many RaFckmil, Iblff- mans(MiCligat, Tarts adl the lilke in. Cn- pelnitentl Iie qIuiet! Rcsides, we ned a stianed Nevertheless we lbeyeve a little retrospection of g9lss willlow fiot the north wall." Labor takes gross ncw fot the w kinkig c .nlI t get ',h eb f ] the past yeal's cogtirelsicon} activities will not grei heart when it reads such a clea r-coL and rinok and they will go bae-k be ou of place. net tall ulhess we easily unerl.stoold omposilton. If you have not do seclulnirso l iuboatit by dtigging up somll - The sudrden erd of the war with .lapan found lle it.. o if yIou just skipped through it, please the Nation totally unp epared CortheOetonlivl.- rear it now. l~~cmut•V. The. . S. sion pCLoil, that inevitably would fiollow. iheatse l'hlrc is a dead no bligger than a lian's hand of the soenitgly delifberate p'oe rastina tion or plearillrgi In the hurist of n1946which may lie Co(ngress. Lregislatin to enable the Nation to that long-hioeil-for inluitrial l.emnoracy which weather thlis period without hardship or Iunrle L. U. NO. 7, Editn.: Whl at.e .r we have envisioined so long. We hope it is not like essary unemlpl oyent had leor reque sted of SPIRINGPIELID, beretits Sjc, n gfleld peame. After listening to all that holiday stuff Congress, early in 1944, ly the late Preidern MASS. will get fro..e the ap- . Ipeace, one stollps between roundis to won. F ranklih 1). Roosevelt Nothing Ia ogill hald prentice ys tenll we der jiust who is kiddllin whom. "Blessed ane the been acomplished up to the end of July 1945 have aIdpted will le due to our Ceomlittee; the peace-m akers; for they shall be called the ehii- ,wheno Congress deided it erdedl a vacationt contraietors had to be Iragged mito it. The need dren of God ,' we use to recite ill Sunday school. worse than the Nation needed legialation to fLor ripprentices is Cvidelt in a period of full em- Then we would sit down and discover that some- eliminate a very possible 1erlod of sufasoi igad pklryluenunt. In ..uInlal Limes hie, ried< is not so nne hal swiped our orange. wallt. plain. If industry cannot usC the available work- Pewae is Iot the only mirage that is bffling With the month of August callh "V-J ldays cr, why tlaill Ile1-? To uce all wIorkers re- union nlet these y. Ihere is that gallant new and Preosidenl Truman called Congress to report qiares planning ant that IS not popular with elfnonlny whereunder efficiency appear like a back to work early ill Septeilber., Presidet 'I ru- "itoe raltclprisevs" who aret an..ri.hists lIt h(art. lighting battleshi It bllast poverty right out of Ilan i ilils message to the (ongress urged, as An rethy ii susi.ress makes for deptression andl the se, of doespoulence we hope., NYciImind the FEBBU AY, 1946 65 costd; and if the eletric iceboxeI all I.ok the stepping out to bE in a social wLy allnd perhaps stn.The imporan... n LTill wIIA IIe thtat Ill each I shoul d hIve waIIde the itLm differently. Any- have one You can always hiow your brains out READ waY Bill h.. .,othen L, "*te out?Ihi h wheni InI Ie tired nf looking at them and the timteOf ion the. cmnit eor T lChe Ih dhlnersenn g~oernmental .ir..tives for tomorrow 's dinner. Summar)' of 1945 iu (.ongre.s by sored by tha Union t.abl Illegaol and plnilied The fliianllt Illba...e Ito I fairpotilon arid L. U. No. 3 for .ranOk S. Lereh who ix probably the oldest olltrEl~e~llS illiSU~ el~)[ rivate inltliatlve are the What a great American thought of of the old-timers in thar moem.nt.I AiT,. two enemie ~, s pae lwA the old year labor and capital by L. U1. No. 7 Ar.prp lLtil, Local 70 wil1G., (baiirlie Seger la wned.weh. oped.. tui hisibusiness woui se the L. U. No. 79 ,ullI sume worisof wis- good union ann. if there... rwas I onel ),a d Ker light .f lxation an.d ildl;k it contrhtutive move me; b. Ehly, our rcrding .er...ary,y. HLLv i towar d headlag off th, tlighi IL seelslima- But dom fromg blal ~ar'. wmepdprldl,,lEC nice tintl. you guys. L. [I. No. 103 formulates apprentice like all true fascits, they prefer toI hrling lhb Below, I i ,i1 s¢s, ome,e ry had hlle for temple of deneayc.a.hing .... dn . 1940 coldi standards 1949 that nlemhers11 migOhthecdl aL,,ordin$-4: s~lI bring allsealer ad defea Lo Areeries. If The annl T.V.. confren ce if 1. TlhIet eviL tlenOd yea.,r tee/fints. but if you <;,Gene Iralers wins. IL lose. If Ieither wins. summed ua iBy L. [I.No. 316 do, l"itr JaIe. we ILse Ah, file saL..eareal AFt lea.der Ta. step Aunion i. Barn h, . iT. No. 601 2. Be gate ).la ] lfa,,hererr, the {neeilia is fnrwrd~l and.i lead both nf thea., and] ua. out of the Private Harr aero tellst ff N.A.M. by closed. wideriness 1L, I, No. 6907 3. Never have anything contir.,e tn sy This whnilahle induction into mlr Untons of durin g the Inlinfg; wa it l..Ill Ille o.l..,d,. With the I.ILE.W*. inl Arabi. I~) L. U. 4. If yLu Id ltkeL Ihe ion..r,L.I .r.. thilat you w .... b.eirsuith nIL.. o.reIllforality than sign No. 1245 ins a Owlee f.. ILLbarwill eventually lea.d O,> tro~uble. Thee wasft when each and every speli- Our aler. correspondents mis. n.thing cant repeatedi ai so.lonto oh~igatlon before he got in thiO giddy h arid of itutresl tolabor. Bnthr~5. · atWhen (... at liptll,ILmeeings .In fLlrL tI... In dloeveeythlng: a card. !n this dlay lad ae.. Isuh ceremony mLY theni "let George do it " he Jnlpraetieldlle Old, the clan-cut economic 6. Take no part in the affir nfI your ocal, fighting sprit uf Sqanlel .. Gomperst ,hich still is as all oirtaaiza. a it is ILL In..olY atoLIaui llous Iht .ILL nlikllmnI th e iatehspef ...raI urni ... sm in AmericaL D ~ will never r ILL,"hihe n'ew ind uniless some tiln, n I sai.l, 7. Be eli II sit ill the IItk o. iltha yOUl elIt thing ...l.i .lll.... peL, thll sigtnla a arOd forms "Yes. thais reed' talk shop with your fellow Bro.ther l uring the tile ncsaryI steps. (Oul trade S"hoolssimi set "Well, Ile ate ILIJ I I'O .....ehing" says this meetings. their lightl frSxanlillt/tkln il Amelrian trade fells. "Ymlir stuff sinks! Andyou eIlaa patl thMi 8. Get all yo1u van, but aid neffting. in the lob NsaLa,? D. Never, OIL. NEVER!iIlI athing,rea abouti union hat.v andistr hlhlkphy - = "-Ma) I ILoteUon thait?" Iuskcd. sollac " soc %tolilg,IIo, o weeh LEONAn [AS[llT P. S. poilitical I r "yes," Ieple dn il ly ... ndid erLitc. "I bar, y..!" nopog1: yon mally r e ...... enlighlened; just As it tu.rnedout. my ererlncic wfa (C J. keep re-h ahrth jobs youfee hoetl nn, Z[nnnl'nIan.antiL htlv senetll' tt III I)I tlIpseI be- 1110 I o ap C. Ge .... ¢olqn.. ttce ve gimi, L. U. NO. 70, ea...e ill tilel,, NoIeLIlar J!a.. o f the J,, L... I any thne Or service to thai, ii .....lttee 'te it die WASTUI wroN, 1,izatil inf PEPCO did not give 1"01' ILLttl¢R. M.M ionnrhie a natural dleath D). C. LIprorty continush tL ennu...gh {If It wr-itep.q, u~ teta write a 1i. Talk opepjaklien. hut coperate.,on't gaii. We report 100 whole lot about [;eothie if you.. nna have me 12. D..'. ie L aoyllhg IllO.... l II1.. youG h.,ve to; per eent tmebership.... hii] e-illl ra, anti a rea. your stuffll was Ztnili. I hitill adgmonish lald whenf tiu, ,thes, ,w1illigy ILnd neselfidhly, Sirdat hnil healthy mallint ill the eletrlial. Iont. I fatnA do, iT; hilistim, Zimmie. All ] }lave de*Yote the~ir tabl(el andl thilitlesr~ t0)]J1l'trllls1 Ll distriblutionand 0petL~ilt dHv~sLn.L on "ScLttie" ntOf bl, 1lnrIL t tfiL ; thein he il n e I HL we wanLt ito IhII nk Fredk Ki.l.l.rI . bhLi- debi ll, ts~e.l leudalld h ...tLeee wor~kin o, ],,N],o MeIaho'I ob Army Mapl i,; be~ingf FunI a cliquehy hess mnageI] r, .eel BU-699, All.exnrllri Viinia. . Servic, IIaleear Ilba, Maryland ]3i Il~I poiseIt. S",A STATNI ,~ for hi, iLL in 5ding ns puller ourIII wlyt a wllre iOtlrnln onl thO deedsi andi misideedls of "Ryood quired juriLLlctio n Iqharlb a lot, FBrd. Won't oVl SactleL",, a soonas I can get [[y d]()pleF.- yondrp itn on Is some, I hmsdny ,eeting night? gethe, L. Il* NO. 79, E Edlrr: Dalue the Y.ou k..... ynu'li Ioee ,lha.eL.e...n. SYRA(U[SE, N. Y. Lat uLh I if W. fl. L. eK.·rly, Elwoo1d Wi. lertiog. Jack A~~Ill manyholfiday g... lire, I {*u4 the· liDclit" Ilollr Lerhman.C. M.Quile an.Il tile other /di~ If crdli thill sid. wThih is nne of ly, faildingpeause i hpe" t ears who Fl. ,da l I....an, Washrlnon hy con- "HaIIppyHoiiidayp I:~(etings to yourself nand ha I. sohmeting nOlt the o.ld ILL ,,ite ahna.. L I rllhuitil lheir skllIL uii.. Lne theI n ma lufac failed eonpel Lo l ... "ometing,]andl al,[ ture It t.e l InhI... , bil ille pleasld Itek.now "aLLTn I enjoyed Lealng,, g our alng idet' inl something new in wishitn yIul ,II A %,ey Merry that their work wasroffici-Ily rIeognILed andi Chrlatnla, andr a. lipY Ne. Yer. ToT.ontin ue the prt ieetrLeal Wnrkert IolI iInA Keel, In eomm...... e. Loknl.] E. T. Ma1thbss, area engi- with sLLomt~hin, oh] the readhing If last yar nee saidd f lb. mt.n, inl part: 'ql con IIr tei writin K . Joh. r~hkilaciiF Fox Drevill gild, ' B.',teL N,. Iorkd' ]~tteir in i,, J1011nA h,ilg to light iaYn work an outslanclih~ enl(ilnt..L. to Lbthe suess Jack is IL boome...rlifinen,,n..n.. adne constru. traithl tOIL a,- jasl r rI, l L... loda as, of tisn most ia[ war joL" The '1eompih~e letter whenwrit.ea STILLe will Gl> per-lnl rep,,aing with the bst p, ill.....l wishes If J, Scott Miilne, tiLnn stlprilefldelm flf"'a} ly blle] ''hnr~ Lar n themprtt Ilerd, Jack, TLav nic eguys ike, y.. ... mLILL of thln. Inerat"Uional /i..... preidet, is, oiltatille i u Brotlher Ghm-GilHbelt of IL. U C" { Fob- ust xkrnte, i*]t ap'learn tha i tIhILhne LToo Staff tries,Sergean't~ ~ James,,~ II Engllhliii~ h.,hrieu~ returned WehaveI negothiale the Phillips jTb whhh will he. af severaJl years' dra-Itillh, t is ]e-phasll. I. " nooppouse pi"ereeslhnera n Ente frIn durItona seric m oly oldl:n1.lWand Jim and ne~i eFsirl nl~Io etlo n i...... I60oi- l ine outL of dio not see advane.to th,-r,. we Iat IIIx- enli Oeloher 22. 12942, ndI joined the 8thAir pense of {ab',r .""lid OlTleeey.e.ieve;1. '['hat Corps, 2J1, DAIS. In I;nighad he wasi plaicd b~ Sonlieone told m.e Jo, Ha1[losiGrld i$ mhadlOinpte Ineunion to beol a orce fol Jon1nil t have Eha·gI of the malnlen a shop,Army Air Fn1rIL nigh{if*rl{;Ir, a, WalshinIsn Navy Yard. and] knowlehdge Ieritaing to ou e,,oie oJl, Fied N.o. 47¢1 tIHitcng Field) located at Ips- h,. been warkinkg therel fo theLbis~ ptw , ,.rs, and political life maHII ills 2set. STILLe abot wih, GO norilr, Lith of fLondon.Thee, it iL re- Back in civiiiilia{iilne. r i· W~i~iam 1[ G~raver has reiver d so mIT..h advers I'publicly that the ported, Jilt wa,lbh oliY inlilifi ericis on state of it, puhlie rebtiions. is dpleLArale. then the joI. Hitchun HiAlL wL of maine impmItalnce it must reai llhl"e conlhleand ne** inf~nl the heeduseII it spT-ilie inl repair,, ILL3'S, p.47'$, blii I. I L.I lb, III, l J-.Lltll., Il CA, Iy. pubicii of the m~utualbeneflits deirving frenli illi(on and P-51,a and .o...Litlelyfigured asa taregt for 1,hanlh an... k I nIid ¥ I oek.lx . A sked hntGI Again i i he May $une i..u. h, wroteL; "LWe Englishelectlcal . r.. general;n . Jim sahdl "Br~itish electrwica ,ek shLhoulhe Ame.r.letaai.ed have oftetn IItnw tom (habi all cin s ei.. g of ave., .,tiii billenerof the e T.,r IL palfoBas h~ lnrAr Caxn we agree with Pauli in his ht~ter toi the fnr effilLieney It is. in my opinion, 50 ye-ars ' ~ ]{i]{ ,aneennil plllBi 30, d3,,,kini ILLo Ciorinthir. ILWhenI was a chiid I pae, Ill hehlnd the iilne. About Sctladd JimI had this child, I understood. I IIhilhd,a I thnught a~ a n, Illy: "1l too, the, Ilow ",.d. .. di I took the high Norembr IIth aY, . 5t j,)ribbo iellltboudlrtg1,. a s islov... pplsirand Bwsde child, but wben I heanllae a lin I [)ut awIL roadl. hut I ne~ee ~,ot tn Scotland", ehil]ilsh things'?"L J. C. Me.edithL, flineroe, broke him Illg in a. nessI Manager "Bii/"B-Hieand II. CharHl Steill Our own ptress sieerlar y ( , Mharlelo sun ....Lo :reedentt at the {'aIiiflid Ship Yard. Baltimo.re. as delegates to Ohil!qlraL olerIU nin...... added Suh, Ratta1,leB adStan Stanton n th. Up the Taetldort of atteu{anee a~Anlll,{r~ whren Maryulad. J. C. aikles hil hom... ir,. Babbittre. he sid,. "There a.rmbrs, wh. nevera ttend I'd l]lk to get a Iill mrviee hdata on Dne L the local metltnil. never check to ee if Ghe Baker,, J. B3.Illlngrty. and ieward Herro g if Ill the November Jourb. A I ,rote, and I stewar, ic Gid bou d a litths heTp,of whether they ,ll sick1around a bil( after meetings. they .ouhi dl som.e gnod for their l.al in any "We'vebeen tryiri tn get hard-hLphring BilI way. N., they Just pay their dues eachb L,,lih CANDID) CRI'FIC(ISM Boillee, Io step,out fo.r the, good of the untoh, and grumfhle if things, gowron~. Brlher, in all Sitting in Ihn day-room of iiocai 26 (as J~ my but er,.y ufairfrdoighusted ILr Bill to ateind illss~traiten. If different 1aleaiel,e''a thillg Itllil..s1 woliIt) iwa in IdealsaeL. converslaion with Bill serms to fize o.ut. Better luck Lnelme*itr Bill." out, that iL. if you believe in llnything then, work ' Hai.t amlTom Clarly whlu Irllaa f um~ uIL hi That item go.L plent uI.If~azzi:.,. Fie fast Wo hllp ]n al it. enduevet ~. us and Lsys tI rue, readers said I ,as advocating that "Bill" give J. J. Duncanaf L. I. 948¢ in the August issue lArp you the guy who puts thatstuff in the up his thliankless job nd tep out. I meant the wrote thus; "The I.B.F.W. wnud not h, the 64 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Oeratos

and so if you have gotten this far it ought to be enough." And to cap the climas a little poem I picked Handy Invention by I.B.LW. Member up the other day: "Are ,ou an active member, the kind who wvuld be missed Or are you just contillI'd that your name is or. the list? Do you atLend tlhe ,ilettigs and mingle with the flock,. Or do you tay it home and criticize anti knock." Read this over again Brother, and think it over.

FRe KNe, P,. S

L. U. NO. 103, Edilor: Now that BOSTON. MASS. the war ia over and America is in the much- discussed postwar era. with its many rnb- erms connected with reconversion, Local 103 aid the Electrical (ontractors' Association have completed a codificatlon of laws relating to proper training of apprentices. We are sending to you for publication in the JeonaNaI our plans for the future. If you lind it impossible to use all the ma- terial, we suggest the use of what, il your opinion, are the highlights of our standards. which may be useful to our sister local unions. Our apprenticehipup standards will crcate a The pictures shown on this page are illustrations of a clever little inventionll nore highly skilled group of Journeymen Elec by one of our old-time members, Brother George D. Buck, of L. U. No. I, St. Louis, trical Workers and we are sure that as such. Missouri. Brother Buck was initiated January 10. 1898, and has had 47 years good the "general public. who, in the true sense are standing in the International Brothesrhood of Electrical Workers. our employers.," will be more likely to use union Brother Buck's creation is known as the "Any-WallI" anchor, and it is just that. men, than those who are unorganized. It is a device made of blue steel, designed to fasten objects of all kinds to hollow Apprentice Standicds Adopted by the Eletrieal or solid walls,. It may be attached to tile, wallboard, elotex, plaster board, gypsum Contractors Assuciatioli, Incorporated, of tile, cinder, concrete or any other type of wall surface with equal ease. Greater Boston and Local Union No. 103 In- The metal tube of the "Any-Wall' anchor expands in the wall and holds such ternational Brotherhood of IletricaI Wolkers objects as mirrors, pictures, soap dispenrsers, medicine cabinets, shelving, towel FOREWORD racks, electric fans, etc. The electrical trtade presents evidence of a This gadget is a profitable one for mechanics and dealers alike, its name tells high degree of reponsibility on the part of the story-there is just one size for the mechanic to carry around with him just trained craftsmen. Some of these are: one size for the dealer to stock. The anchor adapts itself to any thickness of wall (1) Every job presrt t variations and indi- vidual problems which demand decision by the from 3/16 inches to walls of any thickness. journeyman for theLir practical and sucessful A small tool. weaihing only 8 ounces and easily carried in the pocket, puts solution. enera[ly an electrical craftsmann works in wall anchors quikelyand easily. there and must take responsibility for the par- This tool for installing "Any-Wall' achors operates in the following way: ticular segment of the job. Put screw in head of anchor in slot in end of tool, insert anchor in wall and (2) Journeymen on many jobs have oppor- turn handle to right a few turns. Don't use heavy pressure, stop when handle pulls tunity of dealing with customers. The personal hard. Then turn handle to left all the way, pull tool backward and push handle conduct of the craftsman conditions future ad- forward, releasing screw head from tool. Then renmove elcew from ilnchor and use vnoement of the trades and industry. (3) A workimanly job is inclusive of the it to fasten object to wall. aesthetic. Slovenly work with no regard for the The "Any-Wall" anchor is made of blue annealed steel 5/16 inches outsilde neat and sightly is generally poor work, froml diameter, 2 1I; inches long and is furnished with 12/24 round head screws, 2 ' the craft point of view. Shapely work is geni- inches in length. Use a 5/16 or % inch star drill. In solid walls the anchor mush- orally sound and safe wrtk. rooms on the end. The new anchors just completed have been made A inch larger (4) The mechanir has responsibility for the in diameter, causing less danger of cracking the plaster when not drilled care- inter onnection and egnutruction of a complex fully. A % inch carboloy drill makes a neat hole in tile, slate or marble. Use elec- electrical system. Adu.tate perfornmnce of his task is necessary to make this system work ade- tric drill or hand tool. quately. Generally apeaking, in the electrical in- "'Any-Wall'" anchors are widely used by large commercial institutions, public dustry, mechanics, professional and supervising utilities, building contractors, etc., where safety and speed are factors. electricians operate under the supervision of This useful article is manufactured by the Glaseo Electric Company. city and state inspectors, which demands and assures a high standard of workmanship. (5) All craftsmen must have a working knowl- edge of municipal, state and national electrical codes and the codes of practice within the in- 'lle learns that it does,,t pay to be too seali- highly respected branch of organized labor if the dustry. originators of the mnoeien[t had been men who tilve a soul; that he should let some thing go, went out on jobs with no intentions of doing over i head like water of a duek's back, Ite MACHINERY OF TRAINING an honest day's work for an honest day's pay. learns that he who loses his temper utsually loses Machinery of EdlaionT. The machiiery of The great American public knows n .on. in out. appllren ti ship a.lready in widespread use Is con only through lh radio and newsprpers. Unfortu- 'lie learns that all men have burnt oastt or ditioned by the scope and character of the ecke- nately to nios momentatorso, and editors, tiions breakfast now nrld tlln,a nd that he shouldn't trical industry and the nature of the electrical are only news when they call a strike. take the other fellow's grouch too seriously. i} trade. 'istory of collective bargaining will demon- learnsml that carrying a chip on your shoulder is Because of the trade's approach to the pro- tral.te that when there is friction between in- the easiest way to get itto a fight. le learns the fesional level' experience has proven that a pluyer and the union it has been caused by just quickst waly to be.ome unpopular is t, carry conmbination of priaties[ and theoretiia initrite- demanos for union r-.-ogniion, shorter hours. talesan.d aosii about olher,. rion must be provided a pprentices.xperinen and improved working conditions. Yet it is the "He learns that even the Janitor is human and ha also showll that a planned system of apren- belief among the ullnformed that unions exist that it does no harm to smile and oar good tieswhip which will rover every apprentice era- for the sole purpose of perpetually fighting morning even if it is raiiing. He learns that ployed in the electrical trade in a community against emnloyecrs." ,ost of the other fellows are as ambitious as must li set up. This system is develpcld hy a Charles Mauneli of L. U. 316 wrote on "The he is end have liralns as good or better, and that joint committee of equal represe'tatflon from art of getting along.. .'Sooneror later a man, hard work, not cleverness, is the seret to sucess. the electrical contraetors and from the electrical if he is wise, discovers that life is a mixture of lie learns to symlpathilze with the youngster workers. It onatains the standards governing good lays and) bad, vitory and defeat, give and riining into the ,unainpss lshelue he rememiber s employment and training of electrical appren- take. low ewzildlered ha. was when he sta litdout tices and the method through which the system FEBRUIRY, 1946 65 is to be administered. The apprentieshilp sys- Just look at the work that is piling up over tem is then approved by the interested organ- the country. One of these deIys in tilln ear Members' irations and is placed in operation. future that is all going to bzreak lees Then oniles the demand for our servi,, A, oL, know,, leather Iaxnty S. fIURFoPI. P. S. they cannot pas us up, as pt$itiuiuil ill this gigantic reeonversion program is permanent They can only go so farlilhout Ius. then they Pocket Holder L. U. NO. 124,. Editor: Twenty fiv are forced to stop. I KANSAS CITY, MO. Mitchell bombers a The politicians may fail us illn failing to pass durable, day! That was the legislation to benefit us, but when they Ieed high score at the North American assembly plant something (lone it takes us to put it over for handsome in Kansas City during the war. Twenty-five them. So lets recogn.ie our standing in life in folder is a Mitehells with their bellies full of bombs regards to our trade and get both feet on the to contain fearful load of destruction, of which many a ground and resolve that big business is not going Official German and Japanese city bears mute but con- anywhere without us. They cannot build a fac vincing esthimony. It was Mitehells, or, officially, tory or ano kind of structure or even a danl Receipts B 25's, which first bombed Tokyo. Supertorts on the river withbout us Let's interest ourselves brown or black finished the war with atom bombs, but it was in our great organization and he a real union Mitchells that first tilted the scale by causing man Let's ac ore.. Iet's really he one and 35 ents the monkey-mon to lose face before their an- then we can really sell ou rselves to the public cestors. in such a manner that they will feel they can- The huge, windowless tuildng i' silent now. not afford to deal with the unorgti'ied man. There are no planes or equipment on the vast This is a grand old world if we will only think concrete floor. "What a waste!" a fellow beside and do right changes in our economic set-up, the wage you remarks. You silently disagree with him- I once heard a man say to another, "A lifted earners, who at thLi tioe were all still on somne- Waste? Your boy is home from the war, now chin ani a cheerful grill helps some my boy, body's payroll, decided by llajority vote to carry Maybe tile Mitchells helped bring him back? helps snale!'" So let's get our thinkilg oil a new on in the traditional n anner. We are still doing What are 30 or 40 millions of inanimate dollars level anil our chins uil and with that good old so. An ever-growing army of unemployed is now Icompared to the life of y(ur hoy? No, it isn't pro crlb electricians should have, fare this coni- uneasily wondering what it is all sabout. In Sep- waste. If this building was the ileans of shorten- ing year with all we've geot. tember British Coluniia held a Provincial ecee ing the war by even a single hour, it was well Well, we are still after the M.V.A Those sol ion; one again 'pivaite enterprise'' pulled worth its cost! diers didn't give up utlntil they had swum that through, although its success can be verylargely Aside from the hiunitarian aspect, the plant river in France. So let's all he the sale. iet's attributed to defective registration of voters, furnished a livelihood for many thousands of put the power companies on their knees particularly service me an2nl wolde, resulting building and proluetliin workers for inyll Anothser good meeting of L. U. 226 Brothers in large numbers being disfranchised. The dras- months. No exl i.diture of money is wasted, if was held and it was antjounoed the senle was tic curtailment of war corita cts has niearit loss it pro'ides enploynent for our peotile. This boosted to St.5( per hour inl city shops,hich will oif(,nidloy ,menlt to thousands in this pro.ine great steel struutre has done just that, and will benefit many. Our busilness manager. lrother and a serious loss in membership to this organi- continue In do it for years to come. because it Gusert, has worked un tiringly on this contract zation-. Whihe it, ihas dv d help has been taken by'erby General Mlotors who several monthsto get this il.crease in the wage point out the way to securitiy and better lii'ing will construct enth..l.ly lines therein for Pson rate We cashed in our t ity Service shares and eon ditiodns, organiiied labor generally has con- tines, Oldsnmohiles and Buiks. This local has invested in Government bonds so the big boys fined its activities to the collection of dues,, and about 40 m inon the job at preselt, tearing out boulidnot get another slap at us. Whi let evtry- the patrlioing of jurisdictional fences, neglecting busways anid usel circuits.e s Stocky,. joial lodly else get rich on our money? Our Brother such important matters as eduncltion of meanliers Jimrey Cowan is the snper. and Clyde Thomas, Poraing, just recnrti> r'eurned from war, was in trade union philosophy aid plans for a better who weathered a hectic three years at the powder chosen to see that the orphan children had a postwar wurli plant, is stewrld. Your reporter predicts they Chritilnas I could go a long way with Brother I. S. Gor- will get the job done oI time. and without leav- The contractors' association andi represents- don, press secretary of L. U. N.o. 7, of Spring- ing a trail if hald feelings along the way. tires of the I.B.EW. met here in session. It fild. Amonr all the letter writers, he vlientIly On behalf of organized labor in Kansas City, was a get-together meetingand a close relation- has few illusions as to the wage earners' posi- this l-al wishes to apologize tot he Brothelhood ship was established We are attempliting to con- tion in our present-day econ~mnic pieture. Re- at large for the anltis, of its Congressman. the trol the it-on sign wiring. We are preparing to cent reactions of workers have once again proved notorious Martin Slaughter. It knows that rep- admit those workmen in that part of the lec- an old contention that the stomach is the driving resentatives in Congress obtain their seats only tric field to membership in our local. Things are force in most of ran'us a-tiviies Generally. by grace of union votes, ard it promises to do buzzing around here in the territory we serve. speaking, workers as a group will not act until all in its power, at the general election next Our Business Agent. Brther usert., is making driven by necessity; their actions under such fall, te renove this obnoxious person from pub every effort to organize the smaller sections of pressure are usually hasty and often ineffective. liet life. the state and is meeting with success. Until labor as a whole is prepared to hink its Owing to inclenlent weather--and the gen- The expansion program at the Goodyear Rub- problems through ani plan constructively for eral disposition of librinlg men to'"let the offi- ber plant is going on at a good pace. Men have the future. we shall always be confronted with cers do it" the meeting in Carpenter's Hall, on been called bark to help complete it. We have unenployment and poverty. DRO. 20th, in the interests of the M.V.A., was several other eonstriction projects that are inll Ouilr RHesearch Dlepartment is to be commended not well attended. If every person ini Kansas City the making and will keep our boys busy for a upon the data published on our working hours who wouid directly and indirectly benefit by the while. over a period of years, also the profits enjoyed establishment of tile Missouri Valley Authority AtLendane was good. The meeting was very by various business concerns during the war. had been there, the hall wouldn't have held them. interesting. Various donations were made to F. J. B.,s, P. S. No stadium in the nation would have held even building funds in our locality which will benefit one-fo.rth of them. In fact, the audience would us in future. Let's all build for the future and L. U- NO. 271. Editor: Another have included every one in the community ex- save that we may be able to stand the rain WICHITA, KANS. year has passed, aid rept a few oflicials of the Power and Light Coo- when strnly weather comes. All of which means as far as we can see pany and a couple of (ongressmen. What are we must push for more wages; fewer hours- it has been a very successful year for LI.ocal people waiting for, a depression? more time with our families. Which means that B-271. However. in the next issue of the JOtRAIL Well, that's one way and sure! our brains and bodies will work ietter. All this I will try to give the Brothers a report oi what MAatHALL LEA¥ n P. S. can lie dene without raising the cost to con- we, as uniona lin, have gained in 1945. sumers, which will permit a well balanced life. Attention, Brothers, everywhere Ats we go further into 19146 we will hear from politicians. Edior: HIere we are To all a 11appy New Ye:ar L U. NO. 226, C. IRUAEPFEft. P. S. Some will come out in favor of the unioi man TOI'EKA, KANS. at the close of a!nother rear. Hafre we taken an{{ woman, others will come out on a platform to keep up time to thank God for the good things we have denouncing the unions. I have tried and by writing received and thanked him for the misfortunes L. U. NO. 230, Edilor.: May we with the latest on this subject a few letters I have been able to learn about that have fallen in our paths in this walk VICTORIA, rB C. take this opportunity through life and really saying, They have to wish all our mem- who is who in Kansas. If one member in eah local would try to find out NOW about who is made me stronger." or. "I will know betterI next bers. far and near, the compliments of the time." Have we taken time to thank our Maker Season- who in their state the union man would be ad- for our station in life? Well, if you haven't, you During 1945 maty importantr events have vised as to whom theyLhnilt-look as their friend had better at once. take,n place in Canada. probably the most im- in office. Old rubber-neck CII(yIdte, the labor- Kansas has said that he year is in the making. Are you portant being a Federal election in Tune last. hating varmint from Well, a new like to be Governor of Kansas again resosle to make it the lig- The results of this election determined the eon- would still one that is going to us. as gest one so far in your life? Yes. just that' It dlitibn, under whieh Canadian wage earners as (humph). I still think that each one of each inividual to determine just how a whole will live for the Inext four years or so, union members, should start NOW to conider lays with two much we gain or lose. Let's determine in our and also our relationship with other countries. the men who will run our affairs in the next suecess and In the fierce struggle between the "private en- years. It is for our own benefit. If we don't help selves to make it a year of real ourselves now, it surely won't be done by the gain. You say how. terprisers" and those advocating fundamental go The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors

ones who are so bitter against us. This yearmay later by Gordon Clanpp manager of TVA. when du the wage data committee not uf our local he .uch an easy one for the union member. he stated he wais nnt "the boss" but ratlIer the unions who worked up the data anlI iii a swell let it be said thai we are not out to hurt any mIanIagemoent partier of the instilutin. Also it job of presenting it t he TI 'A The Tennessee one, hut we are out to better oaurselves as mcII- is noti/ceahle hart the heads of departments are ' Valley Trades and LaI Ir (nuntil dil a praiise.- bers if the finest organization in the country. saddressed as *'aills out of respet for their worthy job and we all gained some raises fIIr Think it over. position, but he clii tler men by their first 0elasifiti,xI- [Ila-ds $,64 ,lnd Sin; difTeren, Now for a few lines about our own local and name out of friemIship. tiNal f",r "-litg and tlight shifts, time and its membhers. Preoident George Dleichman has In thhe afternoon tIm c,,,i ng of the wage acnehalf inccdiJIl icY IIonit time and une lhial for inar- ontfinei to St. Francis Tispitnl, but is confierence started with the "exhange of coimll- thime ald the continued respect liack with us again. of th men in It was Isai the other day meats by the co-chFiltine, Mr. enrege Cant for top uanatgeutient of TVA. that Brother Dee Johnson was stricken agaih a TVA and Sam Roper for the Tennessee Valley CEAS. J. M..AINELL. P, S. few day; ago. llee is Iut his armt just west of Trades and LiIabor ounil. Wichita, his card being in the International Or- Brother M, iH. Relesl read a most masterful L. U. NO. 353, EditIr: Many ga wniation. We hope to report his full reovery brief for managemlet's eonsumptlon and the in the net TORONTO, ONT. thanks for the baost issue. Brother Carl Gustoilon, usti- enlightenment of the dlea'gates of the 1t union you gave Local 353's nss mtanager, is still going stIrong afir mare rafis signed up with TVA, Brother floper. who Ml"iaktns" in the nmagazine chat af the Irncenjbcr contrtors. Tie hashuprt the full o thuis local is a past master as ha irilan, explained the lrot {lL. Naiw I oeme to think. of it, litany more and w, ail wish ]tim the besl of lurk. I santrtnea regrettable absence of the one and only Cordon thank' fla lhe nunnlber of times you hi.e seen refer to him as the Fighting Swiede. Everyone Free.l.l, secretary of the council who wa at- it a, r.ecam.mennd our letters to your readers is very imucrh satisfied with our new home (er. n tending the [nternatiinalOrganization kxeu- durilg, 1945. ee. Will try to give you Si.lie inter.esiiug read- lire Board meeting iu Washington. (aetting bark to the "Makins" we will not be ing in regards to the local union. The following days tok up the determining ilakilg Wbi I onthly issue as we, had hoped Jo .)S.O..n,Pi. S. of what was facinal data and the answers of lieca use the cost is a liilt iata high at the pres- TVA will be giil- next Wealdesday-the argu- ent, hut we will publish it frolm line lo time as L. U. NO. 316, Editor: The 11th nients will start and we lo or we don't get a our IxeutLive Board directs. The I)eqprtm¥ent NASHVILLE, .Annual Wage Confer- raise. of [ob r at Ottawa appIrenIly it'lei..s oir TENN. one is over and it oeI Well, now we know and can look back at the olUNAL anIl read your write-up and forthwith curs more tld lmere historyniakl s essioInsof lie second section of asked to have a copy of our "Makins" each to us in the valley that we have lie "yard the 19)45 wage confrrnc. with.no small amilunt month Were our faes, red when stick" for industrial peae in we inaarmedl the nation, if not af pride for I'th nnu agenlnt an. labor. There the,,, we couldn't afford it mollthly the world. Our labor relationa machitriy could came times when it looked like our good ship I slippedl up on a letter to start the year 1946 be applied to all industries if the industries could not avoid the rocks,. Managenent go out of ow., lbing as a to a mite indisposed ala I sa ngeeti- whole would set it up for hie npLion. It line aid Brother Hledlges got tough as only a man ed to report that Local Union 351 has been elect wold taketime. hut it took time to get TVA- of letters could and he was supported by the ing offiers out of season. The follo iug Labor machinery to the stage it s at iprsent. tnlnebers IIa the eouncil All members present at Brithers carry the hopes and best wihes, of our This was brought out at the Tennessee Trades this session should have great respet for their 0i .letmbers uttil the next regular letiali: Council meeting Monday, December g, bhare the Tnrtrnaional Oranlizatiin representatives for President, Percy Ever. field; vite president, ,wae conference meeting with TVA, the manner in which they rallied to the battle. Charlea Bailoy; recording secretary. Frank Brother Stamps, of the Carpenters Interna- In the opening p.rgraph if the authority's re- BentlIy; treasurer, John I)olson I financial sc- tional organization, reviewed b he hI rted l sponse to the r .injilb's hialC are the keys to the otadry adn usiners nianagelr. Coeil M. Sliaw; taowork on TVA's first projeLt. Norris Dam, success of the labor relations on tile TVA and the executive bor]d, Stat. Meelviie, Toni lsieton, when the scale was set at $,60 hut was o1t paid keynote of the wage -oiferere. One of the most Eddie Saer and Herb. Ransome. Six dlegates off at that because negotiations hroumght the cogent points in the ooun.il's proposal reads: to the iext convention, namely, Cecil M. Shaw. scale ip to "vicinity standard s.' lie stated it "This great valley forms a unit great enough Jaek Nutlant Jack Price, Pete Elsiwortlih, J.iames was tough going for a while, but a "TYA spirit" and small enough to serve as laboratory for Wiggins and SLanley Melville. started to grow in all crafts antI hais aeom- experinlientation rnat oaly in soil conservation. We ire now in the midst of draftilg new by- plished wonders. waterpower development, and phuhophors man- liaws ani [reparing a revised agreement for Brother John Turner, of theIlaborer,' inter- facture, but in the larger i.sues of human re- next spring. Quite a nnIher of oir menjbers naitonal organization. told of the early ldays of litions and sound practice as bertween labor and are going to be surprised that the war is over $.22 scale ani the battles in the Nantahala dis- management. Lot this coneptpion be the text anal the attitude of our Executive Board to- tricts and the TVA which brought the scale up for this eonforenee; it means that TVA is not ward delinquent members has stiffened nore to the $.2I] (now $.65), which has helped and ani organization chart, or management, or em- than a little. made progress for the whole valley. ploy.e. or danls. Rather. TVA stands for people J. NuTiAN, P. S. Ialroh r Ziegler, of the Bricklayers' intern- and organizations of people joining together to tional organization, brought to mind how the do the best jlh I hey know for all the people in L. U. NO. 409, raising of scales in the small towns and whole diter: At our well- the Valley. Let's look at the record of relation- WINNIPEG. MAN. a t t e n d ed December ditdritt. such as TVA, helpjed cnnallilran and ships as it applie, to TVA wage schedules as ,meetingtwo irothers. scales in the large cities over a wilfe are a one important phase of our joint interest...." rc'nttly returned from overseas, were greeted li-uther John Green, of the Opentiin Engi- The authority IoteAl itie liftfernice in the and made welcone. They are I. Bradley anal F. neers' international organization, likened the wording of the "prevailingz wage' clause in the Widlake, hauth as hale and hearty as ever. Three TVA-Lahtor relations that have passed in 12 law and in the contract with the 16 unions This initiations were voted on and George Smith, years i, the growth of a chihl First as a baby in has been the source of much discussion, but the William Saniec a nd E. Finni were aeApted into swaddling clothes when it needed a lot of liurs- Carpenters', the Olperating Enginbeers', the La- the Brotherhood. ing and care, then in knee pants when it needed borers'. the I...W.'s anii the A. F. of L.'S Eclot o af coInomjittees for 1946i produced the Vnhag gianld guidance, then whet, it first put general counsels all state '"this must be the failAaiwlfg slate: Ft. Rouge ear departmont co- on long trousers anIii bega n to step ouL ailnd basis of wage detrmninatioin for TVA em- paeraitive, C. Folson; at FraIscina It St Marie there were times when we wondered what was ployees." And in determining the wage it lust motive power cooperative, A. Candline for Frans- going toebecome of him, but maw he is fairly be uppermost in all ninds how the conclusions e-mna and E, Snyder for Ft. Ritaug.]riale anii Iwell mtuired anl we are proud oif him. sre! will stand lip under investigation and the effet I]ihr rap resentatives. 0. Nisson, Ted Rnh'lerts lie has soi. faults. That's because he is hunman on others outside TVA. After the first few joint an.d MMullin, Grievance omliittv, C. oab, indl because e is human he is good for the sessions and council nlicings; with the local P. Strange and W. Foreult for Ft. Rouge; E. whole cutlrry. And beyond a doubt he has had unin' delegatess sitting in as observers and the orier, S. Turiff andi C, Patterson for F rang his intltrenie on the whole world. MiIa natilr, craft meetings where ea'h delegate had his cna. The sick visiting conlittee. II, Piuilll. E. have omIe hero to see what has been aceam- chance to express his local union's views and l'hilipsitn. f. St. Marie. Re.,electel unanimosly plished in this valley by "a Fre ole.' ap/inions. The enfln'n - reilly settled down as wester region representaiewk, [I .wardWil- Brniher G reencited forilly how an in ttlna- Frhliny night at [:30 p. n,. for the showdown son. lFor press secretary, M. PIehier. tional officer has to win every battle to stay pop- Of the six confernces it has ben1 my privilege One notable absentee from the meeting was nlbr with his own members. to iattend, this session look on the most serious Harry Paliu, who suffered a broken knee in a IBrother Loo Carter, of the Teamsters ' mlmrnn- air nd. as was stateld by Mr. Gant, was the rnrilelr eililt ainti was idWiup for a lohug tinre. tionnal organization, cited the lokouts at New most momentous and sincerely considered by Harry's job, which he ha. heldi from tinte im- Orleans and Shrevepor,,t as wedges driven in un- Ioth, labor and managemn te There were some memorial was to cheer up our ailin nalembors, ion labor ranks to split and break up organized stormy montlent when the leadership of both co This timel the situation was reversel and he labor. He pointed out the Higgins deal as the chairmen, Sam Roper for laihor and Mr. C;ant fonnd him,Iself on the receiving end of the visits. starter and the delay in production to avoid the for TVA. were taxed to the limit, hut at no time From all accounts, any Brother feeling kind of excess profits tax. Think that one over as applied (lid anything happen to refute the statement low dlown coutld always go to see Harry for a to the whole country. that TVA employees can sit down and work cut eheerer-upper session. Brother Marion Hedges, of our own interna- their Probrl8ei with mutual Ilatrest at the con- Covtrage of our monthly meetings is quite ional organization, told a couple of appraipriatr ference table The 21 IBE.W. local union rep- adequate. with the seretary's letter and the stries as a selting for his remarks li stated resentatives who suppo,,rted Vice President Gor- western region representative's report giving all the very symbol of democracy was in the room don Freeman. International Representatives the imnportant decisions. They are not meant to at the time. Where else could workers come to Garrett and McMillian until 4:30 Saturday. De- substitute for attendance, however, and Broth- gather far the purIpose we were gathered for. cember 15. should always remember what hap- era, renmeber that serious Ihought must Ie ex.ept in a demoeraey? And as was brought out ptned in that confernea room. Much credit is given anid voiced on all our activities. Keep In FEBRUARY, 1946 67

tid that this s convention year; that the pIl,,iu,, scheme is onlig up for revirien: that neglitions for a new 'wage agreement must be opened if we tire to keep abla, l if progress Mhike reUlar aittilndace it ,LnthIy meeti. gs the okne resoltiti.. you'll kil], in 14#;. t oaill 49. thronugh the Iimedilt, i the JOilrNAL, sends the seaso'S greeting to alt B.IEW. lLlitl across Canada null across the biorder. May we all prosper together. M .1. Porn...'i[ P. 9

L. T. NO. 568, Edilto: After three MIONTRFEAL, QI E:. years iin i servi.t,it waIndeeri a plIeasuire to rmeetso many old friends .lt t .hri.i.tIthly liating II wa ;ilso erweirgittg to anihiee a lair , iki*±lltl'r of new fies, wh ilh ,res t provel tiat our ene' getic husiitesq a na uger. 0 Bl yer, has n btli.t idle dring lhe intervenin.years. The ee'ting was cnd i in it vt,> etipa Sou+bhwesrn Public Service Company. Amarillo division--Manaqemten and Employees (members IeI.....l e A. Bastisi. wh took tiih chila in of L. U. No. 02. celebrate the srionng of their agreement a+ an old.f ihioned barbecue dinnor. tie a.slineo .f {ugih wAefi.r. . It lisini, s.- lira. Thlb whole (If the pro(d(,eaI.s i I.. roil[hI with hurpri it vigor. they thrashed iur eery iin like eierils to ittmt p (i n all y L. I. NO. 611, , In t J - L. U. NO. 637. Edior: At tie, tiike siu~jt, until a nil± gh's w tri..t ghb Ia A L IO QtCii F IlIf' F A] fur lant Ju ly Io) ROANOK IE. VA. w wiih ktotake itit, .lhtheate ¥vtini Iholeh uitindly rm the dle N, 51. al iill trie" ill point Merryay ( hriilstl.; JIrittisioni g arrivedtiter, at. lmSome <]arll.. goodmtitiltonimaterialil.i d oIt Ihh Iellie le ldh to the blrotherih ,l of the 1BEW firou L. 1. 617, ;Ik"Ell ~heolmla , ll t1 kl iai,1 Elt) (itr Uphiti1S }N Ilihum tu)n wit> (nilw t> the of loaune, /'±ritt. It i fittilng thai we f h Severit] di ehargod 'r'rviee molti , 're u, the seriflite s ri.i.ltr i li i tlhe earily l3 iO finrm a flrotherlton h~e of ..u.n.I cheer, kaot se tit, Ailoot mrntir in tihei ne, ieiitini ellrhes, antdi lok- snirnt, gel it re,>inieo and prmltii"i rt,.ults atid strf if tihewo rld, : lier.i T)eIneloliit has inr very lit ihere wIs ('hnrle ,.e.to.l late of .Slir-p steittliig iii thlai leter welha't ourd. again proe,i thai right and might willn win r the Nary aild an old RIL C. A. F colleague of , lIZ)i S.0tTX uhld hliti s,.a ¥i¥id dkesciilptiok )enito -ni-' tnmtat> It'.. the tli tle m ,nt as wetll ni mite, Sid tic,. Welc¢mle hhbuie. felhti of tondit ii~ri w tet lair lIreser~ t-da ~ ril~otl werei the big onts, liii ittl.d pi lls to. piresere thai On behlalf if the ervie tier t wislh to firs tr nliztld ittl what the'y st. hih heysar ftlitt and died for. tiitk tl the ne, biiergtf lhe i.eM W. ir keep- lT, Iht iti plug ire rtioi n w'as front tl, Nth- In thelilst it s- of he Wt'irt. Blrother 1. lig its it, Ir.i..l san ding while we wr lia the Uit . lti rIi lwasaluh or unktltwt i. Guy l ])aie if latlll Intwi No, . 5,,. S:ti-flih, seryieA,We 'ahex, .O.i Aliabama .lt a vry atit ,interetig and Im.ih, i\ats. of those of i wh, did rnt,n read R,. I wuhlI like B.,vI-tth*r J. I. har rows."1l'hy killk i,l$ holrs in. thetir li. y ilir- "Tiill LI lil, lill,, ,. ii ,It ii la it . lhr- ~ rst 'lltrt lr of tuat il At> to reeeil~e at this Iiae ,it ituitea paragraph to you frpm a ti i.... p; nlit,[ M itchell. ha, a,i-ci l>ui'il J ii...cih. towa tlikiri.. To erittitn;itc' the ,ieirsuitn, atn .li fashiened empty 9t1s. We, tuo, left the tracks of dieeilding thi-, a better li,'at this is Ii large lIerit ty arid barbe-ut wa, heldldt iils- ili a(Ii aliii were fele in thI,' ito ' e ...lii y a catilnip riot nll of IIt iTeiir caners attenn the itutc,'L ptgs, the tuaii tti e../..it a nId etipltyv (.s if the South. t.oo, had titl hied liikshiit< lld i/,i soic(if thetit l¥e,- as far away, is k00 rll iles. ttllt ApponaIttox, in the war to preserve th( union. w t e rl, PluLimt Servt-e i...ttpaF, uilld tIlhe x thle 3 r nilet i LP- lit1 itti itff iii u taL hl ln tll [tlra Its , itCilti boardl of [Ia.. i B1t1102 eetilal lietoiers, "l i ti o. bu itut Moi, aitd Arg,, titie fighting silhe liaL -, what courts. You have I, haLe i ('t..lts.e wore on shift and huidH to miss nut foriletn-1,:it- a. attenlane.u Wt m.en.t. p..sh anythiln in 'lily Oi- ailsw ill afein and plotiratti "No~w ite tu na UIt, to leseri air (titioil th)e ganizktiit. S- yot, 1lo-tht'rs out there ithii ()] i11dti speakerp h' the tthutia g is, s r W. [Ir~fm~la )erle ii; free Yellush ] antl IIhe hell far rearhos otif ))e rritory. teaAse e ior iil to (Bill) Giltrai.p., iivsittniall.er o.f thil South the meetitia whn you can. We ii-ely do lik,, westlirti Polhlic Service ulinpluy, who mad e a [iq uey wtolkiuig nai should keep in Utijiul the baie it,iu ll orey intrestilng talk. and inlleo elushitmiaeal eonrlidititi~i .ait of which he a tid his laeil. have lirnth~ew tef l;rt7, how mttu)tt- of yeol ito itie e ft..rntnl pre'enitaioui uf the L groi l/ent ihich, eetyle. tive yolur Wit...tii? Th'Ai is in each WOgKiCR uquii~uu rt~tm the of itgaIllii tI ,its i ,idep ip It i eklht r... h'..l e st.i.panl ais ~yiil bum ttetit blal,r a ui out fia- the tiU-l-kt'-i'ing ittelittiers to Il [11euse nted aI very rie seiertbin if r'l triral boiks today lniDruel by ;,LyITtg dues anr gt-tiltg off very out andI nail it ti, the ediltr of the W ...Iga tt which are to heoplace'd it, uLIr tLcail 1{.{;02library. ea.syilmd we illo 'I Ilk, the idit of tier tijoyunig change their t e that, they ca., k,-p ntsedilosm- is ii picture [ilton at tIme h ileilue and the heiejits of organizel labor lhul }ave cost up with the latest iT loal uknionls of thlt ei tlit- pr t l ts( tiato . i, ttliuch withlt payingdui,s. try. So, fellows, please fill one out at.d.ail it iln Fno J, CAn, it. M. JAi E M R riiEt,,t, . . We are Iooking forward with much interest 61 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators

to the outcome of the labor dispute in the auto secr*tary. Brothr Russ BuckwaltLer, who is capitals of this country. Looks to me like the deiniig ery well in Uncle Sam's Niavy. boys have a very sound aIunent In favor of The electronics class, which is cllurently oper- their pay boost. I am sure that all of us wish ating SI Reading High School, is enthuaiasti- them lhuk in their light ti xdn Ihis recognition cally attended by approximately 40 per cent of organiedi labor. It has been proven that the {if ourlocal .nni.i.er. Cnnder the iblhrship and card carriers of the nation have tinred ol.t mu.ll tutelhge iif Mr. Frank Ratnjck. 1he cia ss is better work than the non-arrier thait should be doing excellently. Incidentally, Mr. Iatajack iresan l enoungh for the settlement of the question. is an electrical engineer at present in the em- Bitt then you have to push a brick wall liver o ploy of the Metropolitan Edison Co. some people to make them understand what you Mr. Ratajack is ably assisted by two of our are trying to tell them. local Brothers, nanely Jiohiii Brlie and Russell Well, fellows, I have said enouzh. Ludwig, bath of whom have attended Marquette F. . (JiMMIR) or'ov, P. S. lUniverity in Milwaukee for a period of si weeks for the study of electronics. 'The know[l L. U. NO. 69, Edltor: Regretting edge attained by the above-mentioned trio, Is ALTON. ILL. the loss of o.r dear given impartially to all those who attend the Brother and past elassea. press secretary. Brother Matt Waltkina, I am Those attending the classes in eletronis, taking over that position. will have the benefit of stereopiton slies. Since the local union hasn't had an article in with explanations of problems ill terns that the W.n.om on the past June election, I think theIvSrage litn. without high schoo.l education it appropriate to introduce the new ofiers: can understand. We are searching for higher Brothers , Ii. Nickell, buslines mna iner: Wfil- learlning in our line and are well aware of bur Plumb, pRresilent Rodah. vice jriderhit, the fact that the list of electrical installations The old reliables are F. L win. fin,,,,cal during rerinversion will include electronis i secretary Henry MaIoy. treasurer, and Gulisi. various forms. Vsa, recrding secretary. The exr.utiive bheard hruughout our area and also iii other parts Brothers are Pat t)oyle, chairman; RichIardlrnn of the country technicians in eletronics will a.nl Chick Wertzel. wiremen; rs.reth. Fraidd be in great denand, and wi flel sure that the l .enderanand Christ Nordyke, linemen; Broth- Brother J. KiCjewski, mereber of the eHeutive board I..BW. will he able to satisfy the needs. I ers Mortindale and Norwell, Shell ..ilen I n ;li of L. U. No. 604 who ha iu.t boon elected Tor +he niay he olmewhat late in mntioning the Tasl Brother Loyde G reenwaIt Western maiilntemn e. second time a fthe New Jers. y State Leeidsltura. election of officers of Local No, 743, but to whom The xam.i ing hoard consists of the executive i. ,nay concern I will make it brief. board members and myself. All of the incumbetis were reelected The IBing an employee of the Union Elertril ("o-l merit, of those reelected omfleer were reougnited pany I can say there has beera a job well hone by the body and a forward and progressive head the finlnrial hierarchy1. had invited him movement in the ensuing two years is predicted. in this iistriet by two very faithiul Brothers ti aliires, theml at their feast and hei really got The entire International frotherhiurd if Eletri During the pat year we had the pleasure of them told off. Brother William Walker, Internai.ona ,el Workers owes Brothers I. Broach anl Frank How they must have squirmed in their seats. having thanks vice presideitIi o in midst. IHs visits at our Jacobs, International representatives. heaved anid sputtered when hiM "G. [-' opened and cirigratiilations for organizing ien tor Elec- regular meetings were inspiring and educa- up with his verbal machine gun. tional. Brother Walker spoke on suhjects in ad- tric Company physical workers 100 per cent in contrls I09per cent of the so- This outfit visory eomluitinits. The aienlebrs who heari St i Missouri,iiis, which meanl hseveral un drid called free ptress of this nation and have had new memIhers, and they are read.Iy to aotiate him enjoyed his constructive remarkye on on- the most powerful lobby eve r known in Wash alionIs and talilization. Our door mat will el. new blanket contracts for B-09, EIast St. Louis; ington, and its biggest aim seems to be the B-649, Alton. and new Local B-1439, St. Iouis, ways have a welcome for Brother Bill. throttling of all legilahtion favorable to either Several memlhers of our local who hare worked and the Union Electric Power Colpany. the workers or ex-servieemen. on the Manhattan The wiremen held a special meeting Decem- "fWere agin it." seems to be their attitude. at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, her 7, 1945. Brother Gail Gilison, ofInternn- a joke on the itiaens of the United project, will he reiplents of A-homb Iutton, What and certifieates commemorating their artiei- tianllo OOire, attende d this meeting in the com- States that such a finnitil dictatorship should iaY ofI B3rother Eddie H.ook, huilesJs mnitn- patilg ill the work esSential to the priolur lin haue such power in this "free" country of ours. of the atomic bomb. The above-mentioned cer- ger, Lo4,,i Union 1145, sign eretor, St., Lolui, Is it any wondeiir that the workers of the na- Missouri. Brother Hook is acting as chnliffeur tion have tldecitled to ight for a chance to Inake tifirates will he issued by the War Departmennt for Brother Gibson. I think the cause is still up and he lTenlessee Eastman Corporation. a decent living when it is known that this col- All menbers of Local No. 743 wish to extend in Virginia some place. lection of cartel financiers malde billions in war S. U. Niekell. LWilburbusiness manager. and thei dieepest syI mpathyto the fe milis of Broth- profits? er5 Robert Von Neida and Charles Yeargr. who Plumb, president, have been elected ielegates They can easily pay the higher wages asked have passed away. Both have been members of by this local union to attend the neat regular by the workers. for many years i(24 and I years. convention. Brothers. they are ready. Time and Surely the American voter needs educating lhe I.[.E.W. place i what they are waiting on. on how to olte and that the only wy to ciip respectively). They are greatly missed by all as (C. , (S.HOR. ) LOW,, P. S. their har.d wrk andil active eforts were ncog- the wings of this inanclail giant is to elect ilien ni;ed as achievements for the benefit of all cun to Congress and the Senate who will take care L. U. NO. 697. Editor: Our Christ- cerned. of the interests of the people as a whole and J. Verne GARY-IIAMMOND. mas party. for the lit- not be dictatel to by any kind of Bobby cr group. We are pleased with the return of IND. tie folks was held on McLean, Bit class electrician's mate, in the Sa- Undouhbtedly the mlajority of the Congress AttLL December 22, and and Senate aire men of honesty and ability, but bees. Mar was stationed in and Dueh liar- S.anta was well equipped for the occasion. when we reald if the past records of some of bor, doing a sweU job for Uncle Sam. While in lie landed with a tremen,.ldou clatter of hor.s our legilsators it makcs us cynical the service Mac hat accumulated an .l.liti.ito and sleighbells on the roof of the lessville Why should there be any argument on the his fanily. IHis experiences in the electrical coII- struction fhl while in Alaska will lie of interest Schoolw wher we held our party and cmne in the Presildent the suggestion of a raise for thie of to the boys when he finally decides to elucidate. rear door, and after he had passed out his gifts United States? to the children, took off in his sleigh with a loud Is he not entitled to a salary more in keeping Our farer section of menhers has Visions laugh and a "Merry Christmas ie all and tn all with the terrific r-esl)onsbility of his job? so far-sighled into the future that no matter a good night." We could hear his voice as it This most inportan t e erutive job on earth what contiitions shoulid arise they will b' well gradlIIly faled into the night a he urged his a job that helps to age and kill nearly all men provided for (at east that is what they think. reindeers onward, "Now fahr, now aDancer, who have held it. sheuid carry at least a sal- 'This group consists of Jesse Dees, Ire aerr. now Prancer and Vixen, onIComet, oi Cupid, ary comparabli to the pay of some of the Holly- Jerry rboh and Johnny Tchutdy. The above on Dunder and Bliten." wood glamor boys. yokels are cnstantly quoting the pric, of eggs. Our children, as usual. carried out a fine I"r- Surely,. this richest nation on earth. that can beef on the hiof, et cetera. All who lend an ear gram of songs and music. pour out billions in loans to other nations, can to those apple knokers. are button-holed to Our Twenty-Five Year Club, No. I of the afford to pay its chief executive a decent wage. their discomfort. IBE.W., had a fine social gathering on the H. B. FELWLL, PS. The outing alog the Princetown Road was a evening of December 5 and plans wereenlde for huge success and everyone who atended will a supper and party for the wIrves and nlernhrs agree. Rpre.entativesif nearby I¢cals were to be held soon at a well-known dliing llace. L.L U.l NO. 743,1Titgd743. EcliEtorp The good piresent anl included amens our guests -ere We anticipate some fine soeial affairs for the READING, PA. IIad loyal Brothers. severnl biusiness agents. SteaImed clams, corn winter seaion. have conferred upon on the eol,, sweet potatoes and chieken wxere fow many IB.E.W. members read or heard ime the burdens of press secretary. I an greatly sereLd late in the afternoon. Throughout the of the address delivered by the author of "See honorei and hope I have the neUessary ability day, eold cuts were placed on tables within easy Here, Private Ilargrove." at the banqnet of the to enable me to furnish the information con- reach of those who indulged in ilorys, cards, etc. lig shots" of the N.A.M.? cernilg the activities of Local nion No. 743. Volunteer waiters served suds without interf This collection of reactionary tycoons who We have sent greetings to our former press ruption. Amateur quartets sailg over tile pubic FEBRUARY, 1946 69

addrass system. A speech by "Der Fuehrer" was TIhis we think will do more toward the restora imitated by one of the boys and was enjoyed by tion of peace throughout the world than any all who were within eIlarshot. We are looking for- NOTI(E other singe thing that could be done. ward to our next outing when we expect to wLt- This is an appeal to our correspond- Sincerely ani respectfully, come back iany of our members who are ino I.B.LW Local Union B-952. in the'aiid fb'ilv. Here'swisiling they are all ents from the copy editor of the Joun- NAL. Will all those sending in contri- back hiy hat tirie. Jo EA Dostwoe. M.M on/itiona at this writing in our jurisdiction butions for the "Correspondene" are very stisfactory. as all nemilers are em- section, "In Memoriam" section or "On Ie,,,y Job," double space their man- L. U. NO. 1245, Editor, The enclosed ployed. Occasionally contractors are demanding a letter re- additional time at double time. selipt when at all possible and print SAN FRANCISCO, copy of We are trying CALIF. ceived frrom Brother to discourage their efforts anid I ani rtu the or type all names. It is imp*sible, short staffed as we W. A Raddat is for- thought will he absorbed. are. to check the warded for publication in the ELECTIIICAL JOtA- names of Imembers nilti The attendance of the Brothers at regular .o.ned or sign- NAL, as it is believedJ ing "In Memoriams" and they are it ina. he of interest to meetings is eixceptionall good. The turnout is many of our brothers. very gratifying. President Frank Hitter, our often illegible. We do want to have them correct so worth Brother. who ailways ioks forward, we will appreeiate IntenlIded to write your cooperation alii,[ acknowledge your let makes a very serious ani convinineg in to man in this matter. ter for the Npst eight ..onths: in soie s way it talk dIurig the closing inuiltes of each ilmeet- i$ part of my neglect; .econrlyfor some time in., and the Brothers are seeing the light. after V J Day we did not know a definite ad- Brother Johnny levan should heed the above dress o offer. dupe to A.P.O service cancelled advice and let ush see iis smiliig co.ntenanite by precedent.}as any local ever tried a i'oser tenp rarily. more often. pa3 costs' clause in their coni acts? We e/iilias again are granted A.PO. serv- There colni, a time during the year hen a I am wnderiing ii ninny of our euprloyees are ice and limited to two letters per week fellow rets in a mellow miood wants tn share hoping that the resuIlts of the autoworkers. steel. The Army Engineers are building etc., wage an Air Base his pleasant feeliings with all the Brothers. That negotiations will hr handed down to 60 miles frtm here and at the present tilne have is especially true this e.ar when the, holiiday ue witho u travail on our irit. made mail ser'ice passable for us. find the world at peae.r There will be more mes I am aIso ondlerin wh,y a conillir ay I an, with hle Behtee MeCani Company sages to come. hut 1no,11 will bring more .ood public-splrited and far- ighted as to sponsor a trawnsferred to Arabia last March Project i on feeIlig than this glad spirit at this partciular reisarch foundation . c.sting se veral iiliin dol- a new refinlry for Aranico should say Stand- tine. liahr for the purpose of dIeveloping new p.roducts ard Oil. In closinig may I wish a happy ani prosperous and new p.roesses. has failed to accept a nmitual Hate a good gang Of na rrowlacks ai( i.ne New Year to all members of he .lB.E. apprenticeship to,pro ,nateach the new emI men on the jlb all imebers of I II[.d., and, Josapt J. SArMOs*KA pholye. bo, P/ S. to handle the processes a.rid prod- as you knilow, that more or less speaks for itself uets we already hoe. when mentioning a gond garlg L. L. NO. 835. Edito: Hello. Add wonder Will the State y'ederatii, again I am enlTosing a check for payment of dues JACKSON, TENN. llrothr.'! Hope all of "iinldorse 'e, all' or will it oime out. whole- for 1946,. heartedly anId flatfoutedly you had a Merry for the Ilcanidates wh, At your en venieice.please send receipt to Christmas and here's wishing you lots of sue have atuodi by us in the past? Also. I wonder if me in care of the address liisted bei w. eess ill the coIming year. Alabinam will hatch the usual t-op of pie eaters Since the hot weather is past, geveral aldi- We had our eleventh T.V.A. Wage Conference whose lihor platform will start, "Now, I bli eve tioal contracts were let I hanv agrecd to stay where labor and aiinagemelt sit across the that labor has a right to organize, hit I wil and help 'lose the gate" on this job. Now am table, in December. Most all classifications with fight to the last drop of my hblood for the rights lolkilt forwarid to getting out of here about T.V.A. were granted some incrase. We surely of a inn to no"t.' etc. February 194i6. thank FreemanGordon and his staff for elr ry These wniders will he solved in I 946. In closing, thanks a lot for arranging to have thing they did an our wage conference. DOYLE M.CILAE, i'. S. the JoUtRNAL sent ito me Even though it takes Our Business Agent, Je Irhnis in West 30 to 60 days to get here, it's darn good news to Palm Beach, Florida, spendinbg his two weeks' L. U. NO. 952. EdiLor: (fficers of receive. vacation with relatives an filernids. VENTURA. CALIF. Local 11 952 of Ven- Best of luck and regards. We are glad to welcome hack our members tura have adopted a Fraternaly yours, who are returning from th armedI forces and resolution and have s Lntit to George E. )iitland W A., laddatz. 679333 most of the, are all bck o11 their ord jobs. and others and thrigh their efforts the> have Civilian Employee We are starting an electronicrs school ani published it in the People sWorld Mga[inc. Arabian American Oil Co. hope to have it under way by the first of P4b- Since it has been phublished, wre have received APO. 818 rusty. sveral letters fromn iinehers through out the Iostmaster New. York City Well. as there is not much neLs around here cUOntry congratulaming us on the resolu ion and at 'rtsent I will rlise hoping to hear front some naLtislg u1 to send them a copy- Therefore. we (FiArLES W. MAsON. s.M of the locals that haven't here writing. feel that it waould he well to have this resolution published .L W. Goon iN. p. S. in the Electrical Workers JOiSNAL. L. U. NO. 1383, Edir: .ocal II nion The enclosed is the copy of the way it was RALTIMORE. MI) No 1383, I. B E. W L. U. NO. 904, Edilor: The Christ- sent to Dr George E Outland. now takes the great TALLASSEE, ALA. inas esosn ml..es Any atiention hewn thistin ter willhie ap- est of pleasure in introducing the local staff of upon us. The woods preilated. offlers. and Brother, to all the members of the and fields have taken on their winter dress Brotherhood in the IB.fP W. Now for a brief Catfish are biting. Squirrels are so plentiful that Dr. George K Outlanld, Congressman outline of our set up. When this letter is read even.. the littlest one aire able to hring thel Anbassadlor Hol by the membership we will be very near the age down with one thrnw all this by way of raying LosAngeles, Califorlei of 2 y-ears. acording to the dale on our charter, that the goose is hanging high down on the Coosa Dear Sir: which has been in our possession since March and TallaPousa rivers. Know yhe br thse resn, the officers and t943. We shall alwsas cherishii the principles of Brother Achilion i presildiln over a large menlmersr of Local 13-952 Ventura International, the said charter. We are in the midst of our re- congregation every nmeeting night. When the Brotherhoodli of Electrical Workers, an affliation conversion. with old milelbers shoving off, new fellows will crank up tliese prewar jalnpie and of the Are,rican Fiedration of Libor view with memlhers conding in. It make foCr dual work for drive 70 miles to a eetinhg on nights like these alarm the tactics and intervention of our armed the offiers, hut all in all, the organization has last few have been, therets life in the old lodge frures in, the internal affairs of China accomplished a great deal of good work in the yet. This is a good thilng too. Prices in these We think that it is disgraceful and inecucsable short time we have had, taking into considera- parts failed to reonrvet. In fict some of the that our State Departelet arid ourmilitary com- tion the war years that have just passed by. more es..iiiistie brethren have been hoardi manders are1ow using our planes, tanks. runs. Now, for our oficers we have, as of the meeting tering about the rompiny having extra britehes and water transports. nut to mention the Ii'es of DIe 7. 145. Brother EibertK . Ji hli, presi- hanging on the line after ]ast ciniractU signio of our American boys, to try to iinfore or rather dent;h Bros bet Elmr Biddliiiger. vice president: time. Anyway last March is history. The thing re infore the reaetionary fuedalistie regime of Robert WValters, recording seeretary: Louis A that we have to worry ahout now is are we ready (hiang Kai-shek. We wunt our young men home. Robinson, treasurer; James.. es,nlancIial acre- or next Malrch. The tinie is upon us. We cr Sotar as. we ire concerned World War[1 is tary. ELxeulive Board: George Spencer, chair tainly are not goinlg p against a diisorganiedl over Let the Chinese people settle their own man, Elmer Bidiniger, (I riilus [uhn., IT.{rae bunch who don't knll. each other's mind and difftererces withoLut any itererencelon ur part. Buckley, and ihertl JKohl.J. Auditing Comnmit- who certainly are well enough financed We will Therefore. be it resolved that we. the imlember tee: CG.eorge F. Murry chirman, George Spencer win or lose on how nearly we match thei. of Loieal B-Iq52. I.B EW., call upon yoLu. our and Solomon Cornhlatt. Sick Committee:George A rash of petty grieiaces have plagueld our regularly electd! repilesen tatu-e to our national F. urry. rhairman,Joe Hanimnen and John local for the past several months, A grievance legiislati 'e hody, the Congres, of the inited ]nglert Entertiitalnnlt (.onlnittee: Sanders of any kind costs several hundred dollars to ie States uf nn-rica, to use all theIIeansI within Snow, chairman. Joe {ammmen, and George F. Carried through the various steps of the eon tract. your plower t the en l that all of cur armed Murry. Raymond Sprague. foreman; Walter Many of the grievances iitolve only a few dol forces, planes. artillery, Sailors, Marines and Ross, business agent: and yours truly, Reuben ara so we lose if we win. Yet if they are ig the Arm,,y be in, ediately withdrawn from Sears,. press secretaiiry. LI.ocal 11-133 ni goes nored they tend to become a policy established China, Manclhuria and the Far East. on1 reorld onlpnlrmenting Brother Phil Ferrara 70 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors for theo ntiritu task he has undertaken in our was rapidly coning to the fore. We refer to behalf. So much for that. For the benefit of the Knights of Labor, organized in 1869 by ths",e who wish to kinow lore about the L. S. MEMBER AND SON OF ME a group of Philadelphia garment workers. Coast Guard Yard, keep in touch with the corre- BER DIES IN ACTION Within a few years this organization domi- s pondencepages of the JOURJiNAL. As We will gail nated the ejtillabor world. nlore experience later on, we may have somr Brother Arthur W. Todd, men nher Because of the drllh,,ltics labor Ihad to uss. For exaimple, artilesd interesting topic to die U. No. 193, Springfield, Illin iols, fe in those dasY, boause the u nioists 1 work.rXto or luhy lashes, or hunlol, of L. pertafining Todd of the were in ,onllrlit Ianlre, of being black- just so it will IOut lie.n.e too oring ifr our and son of Brother A. L. tiril nerves. No, I closewith one more werl same local has been declared kille, in listed and dcic'ijhted against, the to il anlid thai is, ('Til;lr ilr'stiis yor dld action by our War Departmtent. BrIoth- Knights of Labor met secretly. The growth lar, With !n.r S,¢...I.hayin# , all the Viet.r.y i: Todd was preVihmsly listed "miis sing of this organization was slow. After 1880,. Bol nl y cmci ifrd. in actieoln't on November 13, 1944. The however, the tnebership grew rapidly and ItCI FEN SIEARS, P. S. olficial message 'rom. the War Depart- it is possible that a Tone-million.marl was ment stated that on the day of his reached by 188i. It was again boom time marked by DEATH CLAIMS FOR DECEMBEl . 1945 death, Todd. a nember of the enginner in America. The 1880's were corps, and three others of his battaalien periods of bitter warfare between unionists Iam. Amalft A r04*~...... lI t,u. mf, had been charge d with transpor ting and their organized employers. Industrial .J. We*iig~r ...... iL~rin "'st oler of the day; profits C..aV Uldss,,ot.~,t~h .. . iLO 4,4 tirops and supplies in a small orm expansion was the boat" across the Moselle river at were soar.ing and great corporations were . . ...41~ A. W, lidp Uckange, France, 14 miles notihof being created. In the fight between tle Metz. employers and workers, governmelt most After crossing to the other sid of often took the side of thie enployers even II the river, the mtt started back with a to the point of using arm.', soldiers as cargo of woundod and prisoners of strikebreakers. (I (414" TIK I.,tvac000 01 K , ".I'llo,- * fl war. However, when they had got only The Knights of Labor rose quickly and as a third of the way, the boat sudd cri] qrmuiely declined. Poor leadership and seo- capsized. All bul one was lost wit]huit eral serious (deatls in strikes weakened a trace. the organizatin and aused it to lose mnaiy Brother Todd t.ltered the ser i. IiiiS P. 5w 1- -h ,,1,1"- v ininmber. Tile famous Haymarket Riot was Ii I "I'll.,01, June 30, 1941, and was sent overs(41 the crowning blow to this lapol onganiza- in August, 1944. . Ilowrc - th tLion which for a few years had been so L. U. No. 10: aild the entire Br'oth- II 'dd powerfl. The unfortunate affair occurred erhood mourn the loss of Brother ' ;, mhl ...... 45n ined at the McCormick Reaper Works in Chi- P and all our other brave nlembers kllled cago. The workers had bteen locked .out whmn iln the war. they struck for the 8-hur' dyl in a iatiion- wide drive. One night when the strikebreak- ers were leaving the plant, a fight ensued L Ii. I... Am with the unionisIt s whose jobs they had ' eI .Ii II arrBied on the scene and Z4 IT *I"·' *tli·ll* lItr~` · "oa taken. The police [44 11r ill. fired upon the strikers, killing four of them nI 11111- [nd rounding mlaly others. A protest roeet- Iii al~ii~ ellh~1. paid .. ing was held on the folowling eveing in The meeting was an ... -.. ,I ~ Hlaymarket Squale. M,S, bc ii and LABOR MOVEMI INT lrderly one but police descended upon it GROWTH OF it to break up, A bomb was thrown (Contlnued Irn., pare 51) .ordered Wm. r~1111· and one policemanr was kiiD feet on industry. Many new factories ag at the police ol ,j,- The police retaliated by firing into the AL...... k -,. ~ clothing an ip to supply muinthios, ,crowd thus killing several workers. There fighting armies. In plies to the proof that the Knights of Lablr comnunieati l .Iwas no, transportation anti responsible for the throwing of tlhe "7i growth of markets brought about natlona} were I14 of them was competition. Thus tile unionists foun (1thema- bolb, but pub!ic condemnaLioni . m ri Iwith I.loudaInd long and resulted in the linai ^ Ma ee l* . ... I LO 1 solves eompeting on a lalge seal Ill 0. straw that hroke the back of the Knights of The unionists were quicfwk sweatshop labor. which by the year 1893 had sone from to realize that their' scattered hldiviI luaI lo- Labor of perhaps a million, diown ral unions were inadequate for the prtle- a membership Is' lion of their nmembers, so during the ,.id to 70,000. a great many nlltioniai u.lions, inc.luid ing the Ther, was ,l .other reason, a.ll. a. im- painters, carpenters, printcr, tailo portant one., for the disintegration of the was the rise of (!hinists and IlaLot' els, were formed Knights of Laborel anal that IUt.dICnl -m~. . 110b These national unions were crtai ily not a new organization of trade unionists, the at a loss for work to do for workil 'Ig ...... American Federation of Labor. I 0 ditionrs were far ornm good. The I Until the A. F, of L. was born, the vri- it ::In : workday was 11 hours,. Wages we oils workers' organizations had bIen con- It BI, t,~. ·tw · IC 00 14 Cietton mill opmrator , for insto./ee re,- fused in their ai]ms and their ideasanI thei ceived about $1,25 a (lay. Prices weele Iow, philosophy about iow to improve their lot. 4r rm leader, 5 In.o too, of c.ouse, hut uot low enough to The A. F. of L. had a strong and able Wages. Scnuel Gompe.rs. It had strong, ulwavering a ::'' a decent standard of living with such CLaor leaders with foresight eailiedl principles and was destined to suce.ed and that to aceomplish any lasting good for the to replace thl. Knights of Labor. The Amer- workers of the e.ountry that all the uniolls bcan Federation of Labor was first organized would have to unite. Inl order to I,ronlote in 1881 and reo'ganized in 1886. The A. F. a united federation of trade unionistr axcon- of L. was the first labor organization strong gross was held in Baltimore in 1i86(1. Until enough to withstand both the attacks of 1872. this National Labor Union wh ieh was anti-labor government and open-sholp em- formed banded together about 600,00(0union- ployers. It surdivel severe depressions as ists and Rept alive tile plan of a Iittioesl] no uither labor organization had ever been federation. But in 1872 the Nations I Labor able to do. Union became almost completely involved The young A. F. of L., profiling by the in politics and nany of the unions d 'es¢rted, defeats of the Knights of Labor, concen- A number of usuccessful strikes finished irated on its job of trade unionism uniti,,g its career. its efforts in the organization of skilled Meanwhile anothe.r national trad duion workers into national unions, and by means FEBRUAiRY, 1946 I71 of strikes and collective barlgaining began ANOTHER dloaly btl surely to seculre eenonlie bene- UNIVERSITY OFFERS How International Office Uses tits much needed by the workers of the time. COURSES TO WORKERS Research Data In our third insltalnent. which wvili Il- 1. Places I. 0. in niost favorable I"' next month,we hall Iattempt to do TliE technical school of Lemple University position has of any internt'tional uffic of any labor seribe to iou the ealiylacivities of the been offering corUIs' to pel'iontel oIf unilo Anrieran industries and busiteusss FedieratihOn of Label its growth, for the past 30 2. Enables I. 0. to prepare briefs to ap- structure yer During the and policy. past fei years the tech. pear in cases befure priv;to employurs Tideal school has eolmitllned and to offer oUrseIi, govrallmnient departnirnls. vari(our subjects as well as to organize and operate the war traiinigspei program, 3. Enables l O. o kno.ll instantly wages, POLITICAML ISSUES sorld by lhe i St ()flice of Edleation trl;lin hours. working cinlltils and. e.i.ployient Ceontintied fnioi Pagie 47 igoic I b... ;mitele for war status of lembers,. needs in ustrie. inl ordeL to urvlive. They have coieo The wart' Lrai glif ptt)irral1,iI known as 4. Enable I. O, to watch to the.orill.sion diht Oii itltit),l ESM\Ih T. termin;, trend eId l(x! Atc] [ (qt li. . 0. 19.5. tricui woink liom, apply to UNO the plineipl.le of majority e field to anothi,. ltuh The effictiverwIs l ileil..i.aiit training in it ..... king deistn' in ion emtali, ajnlltib thi arnin sLi.i(.. tins bit-hli etablihed, aindl e~lliS. IllallA.n akesr. Lr. .lhl 4t-c(allit uil, nl- mntliihlr has fti.nd trlI ,im, to he just as ef- er el, tht~ ![il ni~o~l d feeli e on Let's Have Majority Rule the ioni.. front for the civilinn wrkier in thLe p>Iuclio b [ineif l sttitlslot Imhner the war effrLt rht the existingL i itd Nations Lhal- o ic.kr hals fluod that B:1nic Aerenrtitics t I. tih big iaiml, for limi polbi is flecissar; p.owers on Ltii Security C(l)i.i il Ih (lhenmisry are teqLihed to arrivt at i lnnanilotis ¥te a rapidly ichagilng niid>trial wl. I[ntus. (ointiactiig ard lifme th council call eL. Till, in elect. tly will detr...aid qI'tliiIy i.l.uction in the Estiti .iting gives to .L...[ifartu...e of p.s..1a1I eilhIn each of the bier lwl.ts a vtto power co.nl..Odi- ElectricM (][lrti riit .. Il aty action atakei and is likely to stymie ties. The worker souhld pluprire himself foro F'rfequertc-y il~onulmlilm the pl'hl..ctiloi lealtitg, VXntilating, ;,iiii Air (Gndliti- action alId t) wtaken atuild riestroy UNO, just < ..ivi.ing..ods either in a, the same lritp l u liel'ned Ih pi'slnt war indullistry or i Ijeilcetil..ea pill ins Ileague of Niatins irl ibs Suffts to solv Industrial El lcitor t plattfellly lndustria tihe ritrnla tional disputes that IaN-nec Eh Elcti-totnic.ctMLy ld tl Worid War II. Practical Experience i Mechinanical D[es il l Structural rThe ulanilnis-..vo.tt.i.. i.. iLs, I [ mealls by Itsir Withi LheI xtp. ir ic the technical scholl Metallur.gy which the national sovereilitty of the big of Welding has hadll in the past aildl the )r)wI"cr on the S ecurity Cincil was retainled cLIrent eXl)(- Navwl Arlehitutule l(lielee it has had i itrniing nlen ill, ill the opiniuo of theise political anil and ,.ome.l Plastics (Che'imi~ml for war industrie's, ,(,ilLilc leaders, the principle of national tlht school is well Phasties (Me chamniall luiiprDt to offerl plat tish rincles of Fletr $Velviugrlty has ecolnte aIII anahchronismJ coaurse for the is (Radio T - in I'lersoinnl the atomic world Soe,,i if the nmn wiho are if val:iols iilidstriios for plrollc- vision) lion to nil the war tiilhngit inll this vein Me' Ernest BeVin, aL wIll as for po:stwar Proltecive Coiting. (Palnt, ElzI.inel, Bitr activities. lsh Fl'rign SeeiLtary, Athony Eden. For- Temple Ulliv. ity has the facili- Lacquer,\Varnih) ties, eign SecretLary dliingl thl (Chuchill govern. the cqulpnellt, all i staff of tranle..d ladio Sert ricig esperts in their fields seejill litlit, Senator William Fulhbight of Aikani- frl o, lhe uni Refrig,,rati.n sas, nndi Henry D. S91yth, ch,h nlall of Ih, versity sBtufas well as friiil loeal industries T¢elevisji I hi, lltr technical cLulrss 1ro1. ht'partlnelt of Physicsii at PicetontniJ pl the raelical Traffic Coni. l SeIs: "'ity and consultanllt oLI the atomic bomb as will ns theoretibial si. ourses ale held Railroad Frt/hlt ImIIeel oin the lIiivrrsity Ian,1ptlso. r .I[elosd curs es Express Actually., within the ahor.c. boini is not' s plqm a plant. Mt,tot Mbile, fo' outmoding tlii prinliple of intaional .Mhe tchaical school progrant las always Air s"¥ieigrllty;that pillniple was beconuint ieII built upon the litr,, l:ii..dustly , and, Water .ibstlet, long before it wis included in the Nord inlyh, ha been.. ... n a tl.y v'sel Plinciples if I'hysiLI MetallurIgy Iilridd Nations Chlltier. All the discovix thl[imhl1 vt-r (2p-peiltee, of thi .... eb ... i,, ..ia.,n,,. of'ring cutlSto11- aton.i. w eapons did was to jintensify Ith, built eourse. for al i.s r,,ig ,,,I..... Other co.. il..si a- bellg Iluusfles. Gradu- anlgiinddlizd L..need get idiof i11{,s la the soiveleignly prnincipl able IlOW, its )ft.ir, toI assist t.0h special c-ourse~ foru]ini~itlual gr'oup> will lhe H'il linpll a better oneW maly hin idltnsary ]ull year couses ld ili l ize ]dao f he (th,.. l, tI a.a nts. A fliilama Hrlt bu I.. t.seid with foeniel sotni, "i'llli ' fi ulljd that will mae, Ltrr Viii The tuition eoslt. al extrIemely possibleit world govrn,,,et Itaning ow. The stro.g enough COtlles Vai-pous ade orgal tt to thei- The leophle of the Thl studolents are beilit t n d nilii -ce ill veis/ty Shil.llillg pool worldI must be abl, SIlid ill li iy to feel (1) thairt tir divihlais. i/ost if Il[h..i. wrk dornl-ig the wishes ale being athltic CititStS, ni-ae aailable given fail eolsilea.ion lday, add aIl ttgt (', ipLi1l. l loo0 toL Liahlic;ll in tile arena of pI.itical lditionild school studelts. debate where poli- kokd/ in technk,al suiijtmcts. ies aIre nade and enaclttd into law, and t2i A large n.umber o.f cilvias nllddanl even that Illnse laws are caried into effct by Certificate Awarded ktuigzr luJilber(f lttmiitling IPteno arl. in (aplble and resOnhille adnmiistators tLitted in technical tioinin,for postwar I. tituned to respect deitiocratic principles. rIder the Tenple Inilvel.sity Tcchmiical habilitation, -eques, trig courses. of valious Ii School pla. a .u.lir ou/1rses ale -et up order to nmiikrl intellrnationi governli (lccelerptions aId kqlClnIs. blom par{ ti.e lay jlert Lhat iS ill aI oine, two,. "r three year-, par stoln, .n.ln...hto alct all lau Ltim, day iaid lICte tinns snld evenling bais, aml LIllon comn]letion ilie1g. atilog linogti-aphed na- of the world will have, t, tranfer tI, .$f terial, and info ln... cQileer it presribed rastel ninn etlrses that Lovernment sole of thei, i$ov(rliiil lf Iou-e..a TeImphI. { i vesity (tertifi-ate are available IIj)) i-quet The technial powelsT heir tieluftance to transfer si- of PI,'iilcv(n is awarded, (!uulses itl the school offie is located at 1827 Nolth Blod tho'ity to a higher lvel of giovernmen t i ftllow ing llds are beilng Strcet, betwteen MorltgOtier Avenue anl LHLnIdeltailidable. In fact, whel o ow..i rinks Street, hilaillphia, Penns1w.lv .ni; ..l. ltmtray %vasytillS,, Inilo7s it .... aSllet Applied Dairy P r.ic.lnre ithl~niostyeeiu~iwrec..ked telephone STEverson,760, ho'lt f ile supttalt slatt s wqtprlutn to give the Federal .(i;ilvrn,Htn enl.lgL ""'we It) act in the iltcrests of the coilLtly as a whole tllt bodYha dll nol ta;ixng r lornling l ;[ldore tile Artiles of (nlfedejatti on, our pilr ve indivda noIi i When Piesile tf oif its ownWa]hiIgtoln t~ldelt'l... lirst Crnstititto tooi], nitch power of i(S owin 0 mil itia lito was left in I1791, after iil (nst itution Ihad bIeell il~ to the indlv dual I.tiivlvynia t) lnl Ii (volt agailint a 'states and not enoughItcti jt nd a Stialairer FedeIral CPvonl- Fildeal-l tax( on liqulrs, it was ])roved i"owelr was given to the Felderal Gveln mnent. mentset up, the for Priacticallly iow r of that lm. t'ov1ernthe tillme being that whereh the no provsion wats nale for ,- Federal Gov- ee still had to be tes ed by the Whiskey Rbel- cuting the laws crantea h]ad pouwer to act its overleignty nlaiited by Cong111ss, and lion before its sovelignty was established (iCoi lald.I pagei 74) 77U Th~~~~~~~~~~~leJoernal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS aid Operaors Grover C. Bell, L. U. No. 180 Iittlgled March 14. 1929 Samuel Breeding, L. U. No. 180 Initiated AuguSt g. 190S, in L. U. No. 23 It is with sincere regret that this LoCal B-180 reords the passing of our Brother, Grover C. BeI. treasurer for the lat 12 years and former resident an vice president o our locad, and IrotherSanmuel Breedng, business manageror he last three years and in our ofice at the time IIMEMORIAJt hi death attendling to theMIntrtS of our of members; be it therefore pd for 0 That we mail a co 1) to his family Roaoived 7i*at our charter be dra Hattie Day L. U. No. 1 Resolved days, and exprelon of our regret e sent to and a copy to teJoura forihicaln resoltuI- Inttied 1Novenberi. 945 CHAR£,' Z~',HLLMI , their bereaved families and a copy of this 1 P.e"s Secretary thn be prited in the Elctrical Worker' ournal E. J. Hall, L. I. No. Springfield, IlL. LOW. lnitiated Nore:ilibe r 20. 1917 ANDREW President Don Janobs. L. Ui. No. I Daniel T. Bunting, L. U. NP. 51 PAUL OLDIIAI. Initiated March 20, 1942 Initiated December 20, I34. in, L. U. No. 751 Record ScdrtrretYry No. 1 It is with deep sorrow and regret Ulir we. the WTLLLAMi C. G EEN, Ocar Meyer, L. U. reord December 15, 1938 members of Local Union B-S. IBE.W, Vallejo, Calif. F inancial Secretary Initiated Brother, Daniel T, Bunttng: of sorrow and regret the pasaing II our It is with sincere feelings therefore he it M. Stag., L. U. No. 184 that we. the members of EeEtrical Workers Local sinerle synoathy be ex- Hershal worthy brothers. Resolved, That our 14, 1943 No. 1. reord the passig of our tended to the bereaved fani y of rother Bunt- Initlited July E. S. Hall. card No. 3110 , Oscar Myer, card No. nid furither sorrow and regret card No. 815075. and Sister ing:; be it Whereas. We record with 730Bm0, Don JaCObs, Resolved. That our charter be draped for a on November 16, 194. of Brot er Hatti DY ctard No. 527641. and whereas in the the passing 1 period o 30 days in respect and memory of our H. MP. Sta9g~ ad-b i .t pssing o tese Brothers and Sister Local No. Whr..Stea.and wh t express to his family and whose kind deeds departed Brothe; and be It further has lost true and ioyal members Resolved, That a copy of theSe resoutrionS be reaiveS ou. deepet sympathy; be it thereioe anid noble charaters will be remeimbered most a copy be a our ntnext meeting we stand oin it selt o the family of or late Brother, Resolved. Tht by tose who knew them best: sl be inutes, and a cpy be sent to our silence for ohne minute tribute to 1i [iemory; Reolved. That we pay ribute to their memory pread on our sorrow Soffcial Journal lor publiEation- and be it further by expiessing our heartfelt sylnpathy and FRANK E, HYLAND. That a COpy of thee reluion be who mourn their loss -esolvyed, to their bereaved families thniIII,,Dlanvile. Ill.Ill, Recorder sent to his family, a opy be spread on t'he i- in tieiri dark hour of sorrow; and be it furtlir utes of our loae and a copy be sent to our Elece Resolved That We i our meeting assembled trical Workers Journal for publiatof: and be it tribute to U. No. 77 stand ilene for one minute as a W. B. Cannon, L. further heir memor: ad be it further 11ntite'd June IS.1 725 That our charter be draped tor a hat a copy of these resolutons be Resolred. Resoved. 77 period of 30 days in his memoir sent to leir fanmiies. a copy he sent to our Elec- Andrew J. Gamble. L. U. No. June 9,. 1024 HUGH HOSKINS, trical WorkersJounal for publication and a copy Initiated ALLEN. oul local and our JIM wrlten into the nminute of Emmet W Watters, L. U. No. 77 Galesbuig. Il, Committee charter be draped for a feriodof 30 a Initinttd Otober 1, 35 and Ire ret that W. Todd, L. U. No. 193 St. Louis, Mo. Financial Secretary It is with the deeest sorrow Arthur we. the memnbers od. U. B-77, record the death initated MarCh 21, 1941 Andrew J. Gay,- oF our Broth'rs, W. B. Cannon, of sorrow we. the m, m- Frank Gerster, L. U. No. 9 Emmiet W Watters: therefore he it With a gsinre feeling libtifted November 21, 1013 ble and to their memory hers of Local Union 193. record the death of Resolved. That we pay tribute who Was killed in the their familie our sincere sym- Brother Arthur W. Todd. A. H. Danks, L. U. No. 9 by expressing to in the Eluropean theatre of Initiated December 1, 19J pathy and he it further service of his couitry Resolved,. That we drape our charter for a war, Nov.m.iab 13, 14. Al. M.aurie, L. U. No. 9 Resolved. That we extend our deepest lym- rlod of 30 days. that a Cony of these resolutions and be it further Initiated June 1, 1904 pathy and res oet to is family: stand in U. No. 9 spread on the minutes of our next regular Resolved. Ta the nembers present Gordon Henderson. L. meeting. that a Copy be sent to their bereaved his memory, December 13. 1917 a o y be sent to the official silence for W0 seonds in tribute to Intiated faeies, and that be draped for 20 dtys; and sorrow that Loeal Union If the Brot her 'iblicalionpdf and that our charter It is with profound Journal MM. A, DEMSON. be it furlher No. B-9, of the Intenational Brotherhood of That a copy of these resolutions be of its foul JACK DAVIS, Resolved, Electrical Workers, records the deaths placed In our minujtes of the meeting. a opy be who are mentioned above. ROY BISHOP, and a copy be sent to the members or Committee sent to his family, These men were known by the membership Seattle, Wash. Journal for publication. Local Union No. B-9 for their firn attachment to KARL BITSCHINAUR, for Uvary, L. U. No. 113 unionism and as members of our Brotherhood Paul W. Springfield. 1it. Business Manager their good example in pursuing these simris. Ii:tiated Apil 2. ISO} The zeal shown by these men in the problems It i, with the deepst sorrow and regret that Ernest Arthur Goldsmith, L. U. No. 226 Brotherhood was great incentive to all of the L U. No. 113a. pay our last of our we, the memlbeS AuuSt 5, 1918, in L. U.UNo. 11 the membeS of our local union, and they shall respects to tile memory of iour late Brother, Paul Initiated long be remembered for thleir encouragement aind V. UvnrIY, whom Aimighty God. in His infinite It is with deep sorrow and regret that we, the Local Union 226, record the death work in otr behalf. wisdom. has ca led from our midst members of we deem it fitting and proper that the We extend to the family our heartfelt sym- Brolther E. A. Godmith (of Local 226 until Whereas trib- of 9. members of Local Union No. B-s.9 oftler their pathy lii their ioss. hs wthldiwal for Mnion). on November ute to the memory of our de arted Brothers for Resolved. That a copy of thee resolutios be 1945: therefore be it their loyalty to our Brothllerlood and country: sent o his famly, a copy be spread on the min- Resolved. That a copy of these resolutions be Ibhelr faithfulness to their local union and their ies f our local lodge. a copy rent to the Labor sent to i is family one sent to the official Journal friends: therefore be it News and a copy be sent to our official Journal for pubication and a copy spread on our minutes: That the seincer sympathy of The pbtlieation: anId be it farther and be It further ResolId. for a draped for a membership of the Intenational Brotherhood of Resolved. That our charter be draped for Resolved. That our charter be is hereby extended to their period of 30 days. Electica Wor period of 20 days in his metory. G. BATES. bereaved families. ED O LAGEROBEN. HAROLD WILLIAM PARKER. H. F. SMELSER, Topeka, Kans. Reording Secretary JOHN LAMPING,. E. E. NORMAN. HARRY SLATER Colorado Springs. Cole. Committee Charles Plimmner, L. U. No. 236 Chicago. Ill. Committee Reinitiated December 19,134 Clyde Donnelley. L. U. No. 122 L. U. No. 17 It is with dee ost sorrow and regret we, the William J. Griem, Initiated lune 16, 1925 members of LocaeUnion No. 25. recoryd the death Initiated May 1, 1941 Whereas, Almighty God, in His infinite wisdom. of our friend and Brother, Charles Pllmmer, Oc- and loyal With a sincee feeling of sorrow and reget we. called to eernai rest our beloved tober 14. 194N. the membership of i. U, N. -?. record the Brother. Clyde Donnelly; thereforle be it In the pasing of Brother Plintmer L U. 236 of our departed friend and Brother, William Resolved. That a copy of these resolutions be lost an esteemed member: therefore be it death EleCtrical has to his memory S. Griem; therefore be it sent to his widow, a cop y sent to the Resolved, That we y tribute Resolved. That we pay tribute to his memory by Wonrker Journal for pubication: and be it further by expresslng to his naily and frend, or sin- our sincere a copy be spread upoin the min- be it furthe r expressing to his family and friends Resolved. That ceresympth ad 3 days ,ympathy; and be it further utes of our local meeting; and be it further Resolved. At our charter be draped resolutions be charier be draped for a in his memory. Resolved. That a opy of these Resolved, That the RALPH PHIILIPS. faSmily a eopy be spread on our min- days.. CSARE t s.t to his period o 30 Li MFPFA Secretary utes. and a copy be sent to the Jouarnal of the CLARE l'r Streator, IIl. lootdInl Eietri al Workers for publieation: and be it IIr- DEXTER B FLy ther RICHARD P. FLYNN. Adlai R. Dixon, L. U. No. 309 Resolved, That the members stand in silence Great Falls, Mont. Committee September 17, 1942 minute as a tribute to his I{itiated for a period of one and regret that we, the memory and tiat our Charter be draped for a John M. Vandereer, L. U. No. 136 It is with deep sorrow BRAKE. 22. 1944 members of Local Unibon B40, record the passing perod of 0 days. CLY B 1ltiated Decemtber Adli R. Di.on, CLYDE R BRAKE, of our dear friend and Brother. CLARENCE COJGERE With a sincere feeling of sorrow and reret, while in the service of his country: be it there- H. E. CUNNINGHAM. we. the members of Local Union B-13. 1. B, E. W.. the untimely passing of our hiend and fore Detroit. Mieb Committee record ReolIved. That a Copy of these resolutions be Brother, John M. Vanderetr: therefore be it Journal to his ineuiY sent to hiL family, one sent to the offcial 51 Reye'old. That we ay ibute for pbihlltation. and that the Chester Victor Andersen, L. U. No. by exprsing to his family and friends ouir sin- of the Brotherhood be it frunther same be spread on our minutes: and be it further Intatd Seplelnbetr 0, 1945 cere svmpathy; and Resol, That the members of Lecal Union Anderse. Reolved,. That a copy of these resnlutions be I recording the passing of Brnther spread on our min- D300 st~and in silence for a period of one minute regret Brother Ander- sent to h. fanmly, a Copy be tribute to his memnory: and be it further we fee great sorrow and sent to the Journal of Elc- as a sn pased on November 4 V%5: therefore be it es. and a co be That your charter DIGMAN.be draped for a Milnce for 00 sec- trica Workers for publicslion: and be it further periodResolved. WISZofof~d 30 days. ~H. OMN Resolved, That we stand in for one of our departed Brother: and Resolved. That we stand in silence onds in mnemory tribute to his memory and that our be it further minute a.. a F. W, WORN. That we spread on the minutes of charter be draped for a period of 0 dy, DICK MITLER. Resolved. and be our meeting a opy of these resolutions; Bgallnni h r m i, nanUl.A l a .R R e c oA. rtd i DAN.nn1 SrtarSc.t r East St l.ois, Il. Committee It further FEBRUARY, 1946 73

Arthur H. MulhalL, L. U. No. 369 athy: that our charter be draped for a period of Brother Wl1am J. MeQiade or November 23, lnrated Mrrh IA11 1943 30 daysI and be it lurther 1945; therefore le it We, tie members of L. U. o. 69. .E.W.. Resolved. '[hat a copy of these ralutltons R;olvhd, That we pay tribute to his imoemnory by be split iio tle if-moites of our deceased Brothers. expressing to bis fainoly our sincere sympahy: wh illingee of deep sorrow and regret, record and be it Rurther the pasng 01 our beloved Brother. Arihur l, a o.. h.itNpread on our minutes and a copy be Mulmal. o0i DOeolber 2. 1945; therefore be it ent to thel iiyrlil Journal for publiation IReolved. Thai a copy of thele resolution s be Resolved. That this local stand in silent tribute J W KINDRED. pread on.. our mnues. a copy be sent to his to the meamory of our departed Brother; and ho O- C- JOHNSON. fainlv and a copy sent to inthe iyctrial Woike r it further HENRY VAN ESS. Journal o ubliCatioL; and bW iI ftirtler Phoenix Ariz. Comniltee Roseved, That in his memo.,y our chartro , Resolved, That the charter of our local be draped for a ptriud of 30 da #s. draped in mourninl for a period of 30 days; and JOHN F, MANNING. be it further shelburme Falls,. Mas. Rlecoring Secretary Resolv.ed, That a COPy of these resolutions he Leo I. Oneyear. L. U. No. 646 incorporated in the minutes of this loal unionr Initoted December 6. 1IO4 and hinht a coiy be .ent to the family of our It , with deep sorrow and regret 1thal we. tile late Brother, aso aI ,oy he sent to the Intera- m¥ember of Local UIlon No W46,record the passa Glenn lauzy. L. U. No. 885 tional Offie fort publcation in the lectrleal a, ofI our friend anid Brother, Leo) Oneycar; Ihiotted June 24, 927l Workers' Journal lherefore be it It il with dee sorrow and regret that we, t Reodlved. That we pay- tribute to hil hietlihry Ii I II UDSON. fleijiea aof L, U No. W. ec..cordIhe pasing of JOSEPIH C WILLIAMSON, by expressing Ioir heartfelt sorrow to his fanly our Brother. Glenn Mauzy; therefore bl i B. E. HAYMAKER, and relatives ThoSe of i who knew hi and Reolvled. That we Pay trbute to his nihitory Louisvile. Ky. Comomittee worked with him feel his abence keenly; there- by expreaingio Ris il miy and friends ourh n- fore Ie it eere sympathy; and be it further roltved. That our charitelt be drapd for 3 ReFVIed. That we stand In silne for nme mn- Art Milbratb, L. U. No. 431 das ill his rmmory, and htit a cii of thise ut in tnbute to his memoiry; ald he it urther Indifnted April I, 19SS resfhit ions be poread on the miinnte$ of our met - riesoled, That a copy of the. resoluions be ing, and a copy be sent the official Journal of bent to his family, a cPy be 1preardon the min- Whereas Allmighty God, in His iinfite wisdom, the BfirotlErIod r pubhieation. has hosrn Lo rilove orai our midst our loyal ites of ou- local union aWr .a copy be ,ent to EARL BUCHIANAN. out ElelctrIea Worker Jourimal for publication; and ratiemed Brothoe, Art Mlbrath. aind SheIdam Wyo Secretary Whlereas i.n hii pasfing we lhae lot a tlru a-nd and be it fturther faithful Briothe, and tis tamily a loving h.eband Reolved. That our charter he draped for a anid fahe: therlefoire lie it peried of 30 days in his ate.or.y ReolIved. That we offer his bereaved taniii George T. Brow, L. U. No. 687 H. HOEFT, our deepest sympathy in their hour of snrrlw, Initioted JulYt 6, 1938 J. KOPECKI, and be it (hlhek It is wit i sincerefeelings of lor ryw aid reret A. WATROIINStI, Resolyved, Tha a copy of these resoliition t h that we. the membeir of Tdical S-'7, record the Chicago, Ill Coimmittee sentl them, a o y be opread on the minutes of assing of our worthy Brother. George T. Brown; thi raeti.ng ada Eopy be forwarded to our In- IrCfolI be it tenaionas l Ofiee for ptubeiation min our oficIal Reilded, That we extend to his fandy our I.lir.inl alid that or charterl be draped fur sineeoic sy ninhly; and be it further Flod L. Gordon L. U. No. 949 periold of 30 days in Ilia rimeriory 11,,lyicd, That a copy he rlsntii, hio fIiily, a fSedle{tedo October 6, 93/ CLYDE BUCK. coDp' ti, ou focia Journal for piblcatLOn, andl Withi a rincere feel ing itsot row aid reliet we, HARRY DITCH. a nol he spr'ead upon the minutes of the next ie ineiilhlis of L. U. No [-1}, -icod the HARRY OVERTURF, leg Llair ,i ~ sting. sudden dL.eath of our ,,esteerlldIn worthy Mason City. Iowa. Committee T N MASON. rotiher, Floyd L. Cordon i, pleasbing plisoln. W. W, PHILLIPS, ality will lone be rerinmd beoil by iii fill-nd:! J. O ETIERIDGE JR.. theFveore be It Frank Jones, L. U. No. 588 Macon, Ga. (CIiimithte RFiesolved. Tha we, ii ieelting aslehlhile, stnd Inillle d OctOber lO, 1927 for a moment in silet tribute to hid i..oi · : It iS Wiill rsti-te sorow and regret that we, Ira L. Fisher, L. Ui. No. 722 and be it further the nonl..rs of iLica. Itilon Off record ii Ilass- Resolved. That we drape our charter fi a InitIntid J.une 12, i940 oer 0 II $1 lays and aI copy l t h se re, lutions ig of our Oriler. Flank Jones, on November It i Witi durij sorrow and reglre {hilt lhe nloem- 29. 19451 there . r .I be it bhrs (if Local nion No 722 record thn passing le pread on the minIIutles of our {neeting, id a IesolvdI, Thit w.e plly tribute to his iUT,, ior of lhuir beloved Brother, BlLitnesr Agent Ir, L. copy be sent to the Eletelcal Worke1r' Journl by xpli ilo th iisII[ family and friends our sit- F iel, in October 9, 194; therefore be it for piublication ceir sympathy li. I hiei sor.row; and be ii fUthi'i Rtsrved, 'hat our charter be drapd nii. 0 ELMER SCHIIWfI[ZER, Uesolv(i . T hil a copy of these reoiltlo.is. djtv¢ II i isemory:h and be it fuithrr RAY J FRIIUHAUFF be sent to his wife, and a copy sent to the Electr- JOHIN W WIETERS, risolved, That a copy of these resolutions be IESLIE GL[CK, cal Workers' Jounal for p lieation; and be It ]wead nn ,.. I.inntes a copy 5 t Ii fatait.e ily,. ftiti ..er end a Copy sent to the International Offic aor Austin Minn Committee Imlied,. Thai the charter be draped for a publication in the onubnal. period of :k1 (i5t ALTON FISTIER ERNEST A. SMITH. HAROLD A. RACE, Alexander Cole. L. U. No. 1134I iowir. Mbas Secrletarly, for the CommlItee LEO JENNINGS, Initoiled Apil 13. 1940 HARRY FAIRBANKS. It is with deep solow oand gret thi. Wi- the Corthitld. N.Y. Comii'ttee ¥ehibe-r if L. U No 1134, ircoid the 'ansiig of John Middleton, Jr.. IL. U. No. 602 Brnther Alexander Cole on Nov.mloerh 4 1]. tl1tioted rcbrUeq 27T,1942 Whereas. We wish to eliress to hi, fariiy our Once more, it is oul sad duty to witel a letter Thomas Mlack King, L. UIT.No. 734 "rinctei- yiipathy; Ht. .leilref e hr it in mremioriinm and respec to another of ollr loyal I'itined Jlue 3, 1937 Resulved, That our hadrter be drsupd fot 30 heilnher, Tlhis ti, ne it is Brother John Middlitirt days. our meblers siand i, silesnce for ol Ilin- Jr., Iietlteiant in the air force of lhe Unitid Albert Earl Pearson, L. IT. No. 734 ie in respect to the nitmeorF of friend and Slat Nlavy.l Initloted June 7, 1940 Brother, a copy be seni to h is (aminl i I aI oy Brother Middlelon has been listed as among tIl, Richard C. Spaine. U.U. No. 734 ,nt to the JoUl nn] of Eilelriei Worers or puI - mirling for over a year but is now recorded n~ Inthtled April 3, 1924 licaton, dead by the Navy Deartiment Brother Midlebini i is wilh I..cere sorrow and toiet that we. CHARLES IIENDRICKS, has bee-n a inru and l,.al member of Local NO the memeber of local 734, record the death of Elizabeth N. J Recordinr Scltary B-6fi and his alhisene among us and his fellow B{cnhers ThmonI. Mack King, Alberl Earl Person workers wilt hc teenly felt: therefore he iI and Iicnhard 0 spaine, thierfore be it Restoled, That we pay tribute to his menory Rest,,v.d That we pay iribuel to heir fait llie by expredine to his family and friends our sin- by xpr-ing our heartfe lt sympathy in this hour Fran.k MrSharry. L. U. No. 12.15 ee, symipathy: .and be it further if sirOlw; antd le it further nitotied Mart , 1941 Resolvedl, nTh a copy of these reso-llion; bi TRelved, Thai a copy of these reloliiitokl bI It is with a sincere feeling of sorrow and regret nl II. his family, a copy spread on our nliltlier. ,,r,;id on the minitcs, of Local Union 734 aIIoI that we, the imembrs of Local Unionl NO, t;-II. and a copy lihe ent to the Iectrical Weokers,' be seot to their faili es and a copy be senl to the record thi, pasing of our riothrr Frank M-e Journial for Tiblieaiton: andt be it further b'fcii Jhoulial for ptblication. shrr*y. Renlved. flnt the members sand in silence JAMES T. YOUNG We would erpres the deepest synlpthy to his for a Priod i. onJe inlute as a tribute toIi C S BURKE loved ones and assure them Rdthatwe sni, their memory 0nd that oyor charter be draped for ROBERT C. ROOKS srrow. periii ior so days. Noilb[hk, Va. fiommittls RevIved, Tlht the charter of thL local lnion, FRED J CARE. be draped for a p.l-i-d of 30 days: iandhr it Am.illo. Tlexas Buinre. Mana ,er firther 1 ,. E. Scott, L. U. No. 773l Retn-lv,d That a copy of lthes rrelutrtlns e, iniintrltd November I, i939 ,nt t h bereaved famrl y, aold .acop.y set, Ib Charle W. Rennett, L. U. No. 636 W tet, ,inht-,r of 1V. U. B-f77, 1, B, E W tie Interational Office for publicration in the wlih Ia fee{inn ItI deep sorrow and glat relet Fl lle ieal Jol in- i lohblflld J.re .6, 1930 encoltI he paisoin of our hbeoved BroTher, Daniel CHAIILES W. MASON It is with r{eatr eyrRt that thih lie}l iidruo F Scott on November 9. 1am: theiefore Ib it San Fr incisco, Calif Business Moranrr record tille death of Brother Charles VW,Bennet; le nilod, That this local stand i.. silent triihtil iherifor,4 be It to the emerr of oIur departed TBrotIhi and be fnlolve d Tit o..rehartler be draped (iI it f iiO. ptriod.. . Jf, 0 i expressionInof or rertt iOelvid qhaiT. lie chaterl of our loral ly Kenneth I. O'Neil, _. U. No. 1249 sent to his blrea.ed family. and a ir,,, of lhil draped ln ouhninng for a period of I0 dis-: ant l, iiiiie F1eblriitir/ Ai , I44 ire'rltit Lrbe iublsiheld in the Electrical Work- he Hi fgimthe It is with deep .r...,. ihdl lg-r IC lit. te, he-ord ri- Journal. Rtiolved. tlit a copy of tihese,esolutlo II li, diaitli of Birother Kcinlith , ONs*l; l1lthe.- W B. C*RAIG. .incorporalIted in the minutes of ti' les{a uniaon toilr hi it Torn.itt, Onh rio Financiai Secretary aid hnt a heboiry enei{o the fainl} of o>l mace Rolvedll, That we r'/ t1riblute to his mrcrsieiiry in5Oaer iano a copy be sent Ito "(I IIinitalionnlI by ex prlssihiIto his farliy hourheartfet ym- unO-ce o hiuabhralion in the Elrctrir,a W/Vikt.rs P.alh, ih thi 1oi of ilh ir IovI -d ont,;: and hn It Joe I. Crowley. L. It No. 640 LI nill - rlititlll Norember 17. 19412 W. ST[IIJ1i Itt.solved That we drape charer'c, fir a pc- A ROBITNSON pied If :1 day, anid lhait tiinrile of lhesr -polu- Thomas Barreit. L. IT No. 610 A lILD,. tiois bie /i,-tt o0P faHmily onthe illicil Icirnal lnrtruldd April 13, 1925 windyrr, Ont C....i.i..tt*e for publicatink and a copy ibeentNrtIl npo te Willh a Inere feelig of solrow d i- mfinuttse l our local uni... i..I th t we stial in gret we, Lthe nimber of Local Union I1-14(. l1ounce Ioonie miinute as a it riblit to his memory. recred the deah, ilf oir departed Blothers Joe William j. MeQuade. L. IT. No. 849 F. W CURTIS. F CrowIe ld Th.oma Barrett: therefore be It nltiated Jole 5. 1940 ELMWIR WAiL. Re solve That we pay tribute to their hnomoy It is with dep sorrow and rertia e the WILLIAM OILBERT. by expresing to theI families our sincere sym- emnbers of L, U. B-849, record Othe assing of syracuse. N. Y. Committee 14 The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operators POLITICAL ISSUES ELECTRIC PHONE GLOSSARY (Continued frot pane 11) "Rural Elictrification Ne'si' i flline,1W1es Phase-the portion of a whole period could not be questioned vwithout serious con- successful experimentation with the eiectric which has elapsed since the thing in question ssmoredies. phone. passed through its zero position in a positive But we still had to go through the Civil In appearance the lower line service, direction. War in order to establish the supIemnlacy of the electric ph. lIe, bi lfi sinple. The home P'hysical-- f or pertaining to Initter aud the Federal Government .over th i.ndividual eqnipment, outwally, .loks very much like material things involving no chemical states. The basic questimon was liot slavery. that tle(l] il Itleir telephone lines. Elpc- changes. The basic question was wheth, ally state tronic tubes like those used in a radio (which Potential--a characteristic of a point in an could rea ssert her soverlignty and scede are either in a separate box or on the phone electric field or circuit indicated by the work frun, the Union when a contioversyv alose instrument), change the voice to high fre- necessary to bring a unit positive haarge to on whiich stail poiey differed from theG ;,id- quency radio currenIts tli transmission over it from infinity; the degree of electrifiestion nally emerging national pdlec. the power wires. A device called a "coupler" as referred to some standard as that of the Ever since the oiIbreak fLifthe irst World located on the pole outside the consumer's earth. War, the w.rIl has beel stluggllhg through house, allows this eulrre, to entLr or leave Potential Difference-the arithmetical cif- a similar transitio.n on a highs, level. The the power lines at ordinary telephone jow ferenve between two lectrie al potentials; question no longer is whether or not we are voltage, but pirevents the power current same as tletromntive force, electrical pres- to have some form of international yver-i fonl entering the telephone instrument. sure, or voltage. meot. Since the establishment of the League Thus, the new pmer e linef instrument is as Power the rate of doing work or the rate of Nations. some international jgorva .l.lent safe to use as thl regular instrulln.t. of expending energy. has been in practically contiluouse is. t*.c , Po.r Factor--ratio of true power to ap- aid tLhe establshment of the United Nationsa How It Works parent polwe; equal to the cosine of the Organizat.ion continues this trend. Equipment to change the high frequency phase angle between the voltage and eu-rent. The question is: are the people of the radio curreTt back) to normal voice fre- Property-a peculiar quality of a thing, world willing to give this internatimali gov- quency is locateid lit a point on the power substanle, or phenomena. err mnintenough power to act. The history line where the voice is channeled over tele- Proton--the positive particles of an atom. of democraie.s shows that the only way to phone wires to the telephone central office. Pulsating Direct Curreat - current which do this is to abolish the unanimous voite e- The equipment, as it is now designed, will varies in magnitude but not in direction. quiementt in UNOG Security Council and. accommodate eight to twelve telephones on a ectifier-deviee for changaing alternating substitute for it majority rule. If our Con- party ]lie or radi-lrCequency channel. Five current to pulsating direct current. gross or the British Parliament were r-- or six of these channels may be set up in a Relay-device for controlling electrical quired to achieve a unanimous lgreelent given section of power line, serving 40 or circuits from a remote position; a magnetic before laws could be passed, obviously these more consnme.s. As many sections as needed switch. two deloncracies would have feoundered lung to serve a.l consumers in an area can be Reluctane-ethe opposition to magnetic ago, and the same principle holds true at the set up. Each section is connected to the flux. level of international government. That is telephone central oftice by ordinary tele- Besistance--the opposition to the Ilow of why somc British and American political phone lines. electric current. leaders are urging that the worl do away Ilhostat-a variable resi stane for rimit- with the principle of national sovereignty. Developing the engineering to provide quality telephone transmission over power ing the current in a circuit In his efforts to find a way to make such lilies was not an easy accomplishment. light Triangle-a triangle whicb has one a strong world government irsponilulr to P.wer lilies aren't built for this purpose. 90-degree angle. the comnlomi people throughout the worild, Accordingly, means hall to be found to con- Rotor-the rntating part of an a. c, ildue- the 1British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin. trol the areunit of catier c ulrent fed to tion motor. has made another suggestion: that, ill time, branches of the power line where "eletric" Sieif-indulgene - inductanc eassociated the /INO Council and Assembly be super- phones are to be illstaliled. Means bad to he with but one ehireuit. seded by an international general assembly, developedto prevent noise on the line, and Seusitivity-the degree of rIe sponsiveness the members of which are elected directly to enable ca.rier aid power currents to measured .inversely;in connection with eur- by the people in the various nations of the tra'vel along the same wires without interl- r"t nn ters it is the current reqtil'aId fil hull world. At present. delegates to UNO are fr.ence. scale delictinon; in connection with volt- chosen by the national governments of the meteirs individual nations. Mr. BEvin is proinuing it is the ohms per volt of scale onl the Tests Mode mneter, direct election by the people, in the effont to Sine of an ilake the epresentatives on the proposed Fromr I938 until war brought them to a Angle-one of the trigonometric functions internat.oial legislature more directly re- halt, REA engineerss nlidBell engineers eon- of an angle; in connection with a sponsible to the people. tinued development work on the system in- right trir gie the ratio of the side opposite eluding technical tests over several power the angle to the hypotenuse This is probably a worthwhile objective. lines. With the termination of hostilities the Sine Curve-the graph obtained by plot- We took a similar step in this count-v in wurk was resumed. The nmost recent of these ting the sine of an angle against degrees. 1913, when we abolished the practice of hav- fi'.d tests was ol the lines of the Ark Valley Solenoid--a tubular coil for the production ing our state legislatures choose our U. S. Electric Cooperative near Hutehinson, Kan- of a mngnetic field; electronmagnet with a Senators and. by passing the seventeenth sas, during suniner, 19,15. core which is free to move in and out. amendment to the Constitution, povilded As problems and dffireultiles arose, equip- Speed--time rate of nmoti meailsured by that all Stnators be elected directly by the ment had to be invented o- modified to solve the distance movel in unit time; in otatilng people in the samie manner as our members them. Finally thlle engileers decided they machffinery it is the revolutions per iiinutes of the House of Representatives. had advanced the wok far enough towards o RP.M. These poblems are political antil ovorn- completion to put it to tests under practical, Specific Gravity-the ratio of the mass of mental. It is the failure to solve such purb- consumer-use conditions. a body to the mass of an equal volume of hms peacefully that makes nations resort These tests do not mnoan that all rural waterl t 4 degrees centigrade. to war and use military weapons against homes with electric servo e will be able to Startor-the part of an a. . genlerator or each other. get telephone service either immediately or hotor which has the stantionasy winding Centuries ago the British people learned in the foreseeable future. Other forms of oil it, to solve their internal controversies peace- telephone serviee. among them joint use of fully by fighting them power line poles Itests are currently under- out in a war of words of Ihe (i -op; Mel Ladd. distrit nilager of on the floor of their Parliament, instead of way in this field), may prnve more eco- nomical or mre feasible in sonic areas. tie Southwestern Bell Telephone System resorting to civil war as they had previously. which participated in the tests; County This was the greatest advance in democratic Power line telephone service involves cost Agent John (fhvander governmlent and Aistant (Coulnty that the world had yet achieved. factors not apparent at first sight. The Agelnt UlndrweMd; reporters equinment installed is for most of The discovery of the atomic bomb means more elaborate, more tile newspaersl and news services costly than ordinary telephone installation in the that our eeneration must acheve the same area; Mrs. Charleen MeClain of the South- peaceful method of solving problenms between Among first users of the electric phone eF Agri-dterrist and Hickman Powell of nations, or be destroyed. were: Oscar Robinson, sIcretary-treasurer Coa.ntry (entleman. FEBRUARY, 1946 75 ELECTRICITY CAUSES FIRE LOSS Percent IContinned from page521 Aluminum ware …----.---...... 249 relative requirements for the tinlely Ltkig Business machines (ollice and of such reoirded corrective measures as are store) -...... 232 RLY Mwao found necessary te restore any deteriorated Plumbing and heating equipment 207 or removed insulation. any dihturbed or Ie moved correct i gprotctivegounding, any lost While the transition periol ill sce a adequacy of condueto or equipmentq ca- great deal of reronversio. bacrik to the pro pality, and any other unsound conditions dulctihn of ponoulmerooad I y tlan,,[,tlI U eaured by weara, Lear, laJe, lig, ad dition of factured for civiliansh i,re tile war, it oad., and other expeetaile vicihsslitudes, If will also see a larg ..litouIt of Iprdid.ction of now ites the informatory colis are later so devel- by flrils not pi eviously engised in such opel by their. makers as to eover adtrqloott- activitis Seveinty-five percent of thes, iy and correctly these iecessaLy rc ilspec. new pI','lttn, M.[ B ,xwle predicts, will heI It itiitaril tion and n.ailtenanet. quireiIIlni, this i by newa. al. b lness.si 'information" can be uf gLeet value to the estahi Fshl n ut!UIt individual jurilietional authorities. In iI,, fi.olt I, ripdtile rpiocess eof on- 2600 IaUS. Oniall local committees which asssloc,al version to Iaecrettll% . ,r.iluetieoin the OPA 7//_lll ANO¥ JLuu juiisdti onaI.. aithorlit[es in dkritliifg .I.ioa has alaithlted a poicy of pernlitting these the correct contents of their Iodes and reg- small, new irtmo ,l "slf piti,'' of set thnir MNND ilario.s. thre will Bhe sought, ;is is right. own ceiling prices or [the basis of produe- · AUDES HANOYB0OIKOF EUCtr T adequate repaesentatkui if non-eleitrica tlin costs 1 ptotI.....c his milargin of as well as of electrical groups. prolit. They mustlilt: their inI. . bilut if they Each jurisdictional a l horilty ust andI do /lot hear from.. the, A within 15 days, K ,- r r. .t 'r m , cn o will be the tctcidid, agency as to what to dio they na;y 1poll hus ll'olls intu effect, about electrical fiRle and life hazard, and will R onver... .illI to a )!atteinw. ci.oltom. y iN- * I I O ~EAOE I . I M A TIONm 01' see that thisl zad is radically and ra- vodves gigatnthi piblets of readjustmient. Nrddut1 ,ry-A.K I 0. L hArui.~ V NI sy, rnure V., Ign tiInallv reduced,.l. pomptl National Fire (loPSe! oin nh hl,-s of war's end, illions' Protection Assoriotion will, of e.ou.e, I.on- voglith f war tolltl'a.ts W..I- c r 'll e and tinue to help with its ,l-eat abilities. facili- millions of w hlkrsw eir thlrwn into un- Co 'iainni ties anid cc.umtl.ated informaation, e'nilolyineIt Th, El,,- at tile raiIt time that other l-d ro"Mow. AIA,.o.- trica! C.omnittee millions of war ol N.F I'.A. will also ton- ve"terans wee bebing mle,,sed d Miaw h rit-r p lc ~ n x tinue to help, in ploportion as its iif.mr;a- frioa the a[[ neRd services. tory advisolry code is, made to en..iatLe eor- Two major naItionnd obijetiYes for this 'ect princitples and to ailhre consitently to difficult transitin periodi.eIL have birsl, theim. A I...re adIu"i'y rnpr'es ntatinn of the mnaintoan ce of stahl, prices and living the public interest groups and of the jris 'osts lind, secoId, tih[ ittaimnent of full iT ,,,1, fil oldlLonafaes oo dictional authoritie mIy be experlted to aidl peaetime prodluction, and eniploymenllt. this Electrical Conmnittee in pultting anil Price controls will stillCbe needed in many ~~~~~~i`~ ~ ~ s ikeeping it informatary m,de in accord with items beyond the iiddle of 1946, declares correct code principles. Mr. Bowles, hut iids: "Save in a plioitd of May 1946 be a happy yetir, in happily at- national eeimerslcy, price eiiihigs have no tacking and solving tlls Iroblem. Success llace in a free conomy. We shabll remove and thre i' i: gAI(at ilea of rsi'arck both to the jurisdictional authorities. them, product by pr.d.l.t. just ais so,o as fro, tihle point of i,, of physics an-d engi- it can be dine without inflation.... A cotidi- nfierimg to be done hofeosay were an wy ale tioll anld not a iate will dletrde when there. anly Irile ceiling PIBl(I INTEREST can be lilted withiit in- le.w ling it will take is a matter of pure (Continued firoai pge 44) Ilh i.... ' sntlultionn pcrhaps three cars as a he maintained, with figures to upport his El si-hre he warns. "Wa kvIa neither a great leal of ftfoit i puIt oi it perhap] s , claims Il Inotrtl a nuot-a light lt break dow, price ]lkt haps lInel bBut fron, a srticty tichni- "Claimins that price nntilol has eitalitd a'ny ountro1l and] srali not do sl, .A postwar eel poiat of view and I want it dral3y apprciabhle amount of husiness ha. dhlhip are ildlitahi.. .. d..ipshl anal s. rcec, hng dem(,nos ... understood, I Iii lot talkinr iconoenils at untrue," lie empllpasied. "T. e trui is that ould bhrin dise eltdilto free intetp ise a.I.- thll potil I think it Ia lhe done. never ini hstory 1have busi n.ss plefits been dlespair to liberty-loviyng ieople thrmlghout Chirmian (oiilnll: I tLake it fio thiiese so laig;: business failures s feow. This up- tkre w Id,'l two pieesw of evidence that it can be done piies to practically all types and sizes of techaicalIly but the est inight vr4y enor- businss."' WI LIL ELECTRICIAL WOI'HIES BEC(OfME? Inotlsly dependinlg on the scientifeiunit. Deoillr ti.en store sales the best .avai- ATOMIC WORFlii i (iirGrnewalt: The size and other con- able gauge of the nrakit for civilian con- £2? (Comt[ilied fron page shhr'attans. sunlptlion goodls ikewisoe ;ILttaloId thei all- 45 dules sullicienit mnaotils This ll.lp.talnt syplls.ium. time peaks. "Although I)144 slk, were 75 Wihi:a, present a is reportell in kind f radio activity hazard full in the Edion Eirrler hlifsltflr Rlairti,. percent above sales for 19319 ard the higliet wihin they ire taken I.ot of I he plnt. in history up to that time, averag, monthly We have to coniogiatulft, aurslve 1945 sales exceed 1944 through October by s or til wonderful success. of the an average af 11 pyrent. When reonversiion 1idal al ieIli,ifd from tiat point goods coime onto LtIIt intlkei if view. Nobody. has ii- Jetaii sales caiived any energy, We were all children should reach phenomenal heights'" buot no doubt ilhlolii. it is a"l ext...sive job to I utet. peopile filol, EarIy foreasts for 1946 by inallufa Ihe health hazards That is one thing turers of recInelion goods point ito ex- tint Invls bh solved Lr Once in our time! pectalion of en-'nilous volUln. Electriae the ruee ogful ie uf i ats.o..ie ewer in I stoi iita....ryI 1l tw¥erplin. equipment of allkin Csstan ds at ihe head of l Ther Iate other problels of ohlea the list. Eatia tes oif monthly outpI.t antici- Help physics wih {m.lt be salve ldbutil lD, Polio's victims, pated by June :q0, 1946, include, among G.C..eie.- other walt, I think, can ary more about lihe el- i _ neering side lit n I (tan. Do yul willt to take Send in that Dime. Ip fi'[i there? lI. (Crnentewalt: I think wi tiln se( some- . * . Percen t whllt d l bhi-I,it nevrtl.tll- e s r.s Jy Refrigerators… ...... :395 clnarly. th, tehnial olutioni to the proh- Infantlile Paralysis is the most Radios-...... :'194 lems thait confint us before we can hieve Electrical appliances …...... 326 an atomic power plant delivering electricity DREADFUL Autou, trucka and trailers ... - . 315 to New York City. Of course, it must be Laundry equipment (domestic)__ 263 clearly ulnderstood that we aren't there yet Of all children's diseases. 76F The Journal of ELECTRICAL WORKERS and Operalors I

presentation, and after reviewing all sub- After all I.E.C. members had reported on "'JIFFY" SOLDER POT mitted evidence, referred the case hack to their acttivities in their respective district the international President. since the last council meeting, and all busi- ness coming before the council having been in reporting to the council on his activities adjourned since tin, last comncil meeting, International acted upon, the council sine die. Secr.iary Bugniazet spoke of his address D. A. MANNING, Swinging Cup-No Spilled Solder to tilhe cntractors at their recent convention, Secretary. TRIAL OFFER the subject being, 'The Contractors' Contri- CHARLES M. PAULSEN, bution 0tothi I B.E.W. Pension Fund." From Chairman. Send $1.50 with this ad to reports eceived by council members, it was the con..sensus oppiniol that Seeretary ACTS OF MEN CLYDE W. LINT Bugnia.et's address did much toward,l Conlltned fron. page 48) 10 S. Jefferson St. CHICAGO S straightening out many misunderstood The white man must be freed of his concept "The Ori0,nl Jiffy Line" points in this program, whichl resulted in of the "white manls burden." The English- Money Back if Not Satisfactory eliminating much opposition to the plan by speaking peoples are only a tenth of the the contractors. world's population; those of white skin only WINTER MEETING Chairman Tracy, speaking for the special a third. The great dark-skinned poulations- , eommitte-Tracy. Shord and Kelley, with of Asia and Africa, which are already mov- . Cormdnued from page 57) Pig toward a greater independence in their members for pension bendfis are denied be- International Secretary Bugniazet as ad- visor-reported thit 1he Special Committee own affairs, hold the ultimate key to a stable cause there is a lack of suffiient continuous peace The time has come for a more equal membership standing: appointed by the I.E.C. to procure an actu- arial analysis and report on the IB.E.W. participation of all branches of the human L. U. No. pension fund, as per instructions of the 1941 family in a plan for collective security. D. Frew, Card No. 596066 77 Aljexander Brotherhood Calvention, has made its full re- 5. Liberated and elemy peoples must par. 214 Joseph S. Ross, Card No. 319624 lieipnte in plaenihg their own deatiny. Com- 43 Jesse Clyde True, Card No. 465355 port and that the actuarial analysis report 200 William A. Wilson, Card No. 374137 has been furnished the cuncil. D. C. Bron- plete outside authority imposed on liberated son, aetuarial consultant, rpre.en ting the and enemy peoples without any participation The following members have established, firm of B. E. Wyatt Company, appeared be- by them will not be accepted and will lead through proper credentials, that they are of fore the couneil and. reviewed the analysis only to further disruptions of the peace. pension age, and as all other data is in ac- to the satisfaction of the council. The com- The common people of all countries must not cord with our pension laws, these members mittee, having completed its work. was dis- only feel their political and economic future are ordered admitted to pension benefits charged. holds genuine hope for themselves and for when they notify the International Scre-o their childrem, hut must also feel that they tary, by the proper method, that they have International Secretary Bugniazert report- themselves have the responsibility for its ceased doing electrical work: ed that he had contacted the convention bu- achievement. eauandi others in San Francisco, (levelaind, I.O. irvy D. Davis, (ard No. 34586 Kansas City. New York, Chicago, Atlantic 6. The confusion of defeated people will I.0. Otto J. Hlinderland. Card Noi. 4333 call for clarity and conaislency in the appli- I.O. George I). Mardke,, Crd No. 448252 City, and other plaes,, ill an ffort to have of rewards and pRnishments. our International Conventlion held in April ertlill Reeon- 1.0. George Farley, Card No. 3W6763 struction will not be possible so long as the If 1946, and that he was unsuccessful up to G'erman and Japanese people are confused as . U. No. completing 9 Roy M. Lytle, Card No. 419840 the prcsent time in arrange- to their status. A clear-cut and easily under- 41 Arthur C. Whitney, Card No. 276699 ments. The council instructed the Inte,rna- stood definition of war-guilt is essential. 213 Thomas Dobie., Card No. 529725 tional Secretary to continue his efforts with COnsistent severity toward those who are the idea of holding the convention at the judged guilty, and consistent official friend- The following resolution was adopted by earliest possible date. the Council: iness toward democratie elements, isa nec- "Resolved, That Ed. J. Brown, Interna- William G. Shord arId Charles J. Foehn, essary policy. tional President of the I.B.E.W., be, and the Committee on Audit. reported that they 7. If properly ,d,,ninistered, relief and 'e- hereby is, authorized and empowered to ac- had examined the I.B..W, audit repoi for habilitation can lead to self-reliance and ro- cept for ourt account, the Plan of Debt Re- the third quarter of 1945, as made by the operation; if npropertly, to resetneirt and organization dated July 16, 1945, of Province firn. of Wayne Rendriek and Company.p er- hatred. inless liberated people (and enemy of Alberta Debentures, and to sign on be- tified public accountants, who a, employed people) are given an opportunity to work in half of the association the Letter of Ac- by the council, and that they found that all a self-respecting manner for the food and ceptance and Transmittal, and to perfora accounts checked and the records were in relief they receive, they are likely to harbor such other acts necessary, on our behalf, order. The report of the coemitter was ap- bitterness and resentment, since our bounty in concluding our requisites under said proved and ordered filed. will he regarded by them as unearned plan." hternational President Brown reported charity, dollar imperialism, or bribery. No International President Bro l,Interna- on damage suits being instituted against our people can long tolerate such injustices to tional Seretmary Bugniazet, International local unions, due to unauthorized strikes. self-respect. Treasurer Hogan, and Vice Presidents He stated that if financial aid were given 8. Te root-desires of the coymen people Ingles, Bell, Ingram, Milne, Regan, Walker. these local unions for defense purposes. the of olf Ioods PrI the safest gnidr to framins a and Freeman held several conferences with I.B.E.W. would become involved and liable prce. Disrespect for the common nan is the council on matters pertaining to the to civil suit. characteristic of fascism and of all forms Brotherhood as a whole. The Inter.national of tyranny. The man in the street does iot President was asked to have all the Inter- The International President gave a resume claim to understand the complexities of eco- national Vice Presidents meet with the COin- of meetings recently held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. regarding the nnioniathio of nomics and polities, but he is clear as to the cii at their March, 1946, meeting. general dileetions in which he wishes to pro- The special conmittee, Harry Van Ars- the electric lighting fixture industry, and gress. His will can he studied (by adapta- dale, Jr., William Shord and C. F. Preller, the use of the pproved I.B.E.W. label in tions of the public opinion poll). His cx- appointed to meet with a like committee connection with its manufacture, wirino and pressed aspirations should even now be a from the National Electrical Contractors' intailaitin. The .o..eil] conieurred in this major guide to policy. Association on matters of vital interest to action, rldl reconnl.end.s that all rlocal unions be advised to adopt aid put into effect the 9. The tred of hi,,oin rdtionshipR is to- the I.B.E.W., reported through Chairman ,ward re.e. g reater eit.s of collective ,_e Van Arsdale, Jr., that their work was not policies (which will beL, incopoated in booklet form) adopted at these nwetings, riy. From the cveman to the twenotieth cen- completed. tury, human beings have formed larger and Ralph C. Brown, recording secrel lary; and that all business mnlagesr be instructed to protect this wolk i, their jurisdiction, larger working an ]living groups. Families Fred W. Clark, business manager , and merged into clans, clans into states. and Thomas E. Underwood, executive board in accordance with tbe provisions of the In- ternat onal Censtitutio. states into nations. The United States are member; omprised a committee repr .sent- not R48threats to each other's safety; they ing L. U. 73 in its appeal to the council from It was requested that International Sere- work together. At the present moment the a decision rendered by International Presi- tary Bulli azot co lnnluen at with all parties majority of our people regard the time as dent Brown in 1945, involving the local who had matters before the council and ad- ripe for regilonala d world organization. union. Your council heard the committeo's vise thom of our action in their case. Contlnued on page 0) FE;S RUARBY, 1 946 77

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SCIENCE IN GOVERNMENT RECONVEIRT UNION LABEL organizations of both employers alnd unions. Continuoed from poor 49I (Continued trin pnge 50) So effective has the program been that a frequently cast the deciding block of votes "The union label is nlow recognized. asen- large majority of employer repiretntatives in our elections. titled to the same protection as traecmarks. have announeed their intentiln to retain Howcver, a (llluy anlid a half late, at And it is the settled and prcvuililng law of their labor-management Icommittees in the least a portion of tin (l'lness and of Gov this country that members of a lbor UnliOn postwar period, The Canadian government eminent official.shave awlsned to the fact may absoltely refuse to werk on materials intends to continue its nceourage ment and that Washingten, Jeff .erson, Franklin, and or parts of materials or with tools which do assistance in this activity. John Quincy Alidam. were right, and are now not bear the label of their union. In that Labor-m.anagement committees are wible- really doing something about it. connection they nay act to compel the em- ly recognized aI effective devices which, ployer to pulchase naterils fIron firmns througI industrial cooperation, better un- National Science Foundation dealing with tihe union. They ay act to derstanding and mutual confd.nce, are in compel the employer not to employ non- a position to make tangible eontiiution i s to- Senator Harley M. Kilgore, of West Vir- ward smoothing out the rugged road to ro- union wormenl L to urionize his plant and ginia, was a member of the Senate War In- cease to maintiii the 'open shop'. Snuch ac- conversion. vestigating Committee of which Senator-- tion Is regarded as designare to benefit union now President-Trunmn was chairman. It members and not as specifically directed ACTS OF MEN developed, as the Osnaulr very milidly puts against, or intended to injure, tihe employer. (Continued from page la) it, that "our studies in 1941 and 1942 of the A combination to compel a manufacturer to and believe that the intialive sbould be mobilization of ort resources showed weak- nesse, in the use of scientific data. In the use the union label is not for an illegal eb- taken by the United States of Amtl ca. ject, and cnmprill, the Ius Iln the union 10. Commift. o ts,,w any ,,-evit puost- synthetic rubber probleml, for example, a label is a properI, subject of industzial ds- ,oar rsction. binding number of false starts were made because apathy and UEless pute, and nimenbers of a union are legally eommitments are mnude and ini tial stes of the lack of adequate data in the hands justified in refusing to work upon non-union takes now, people may have a tendency after of responsible Govirment agencies." As materials or with lon-union werkmen. And the war to turn away floominternational every one knows, the facts back of that mod- est statement constitute a national scandal members of a union may withdraw in a problems and to become preoccupied once and an indictment of the patriotism of many body from the service of an employer to again with narrower interests. Tlis rTgrug- prevent the use of :latiialis ,made by non- sion to a new postwar provinLcialism would tycoons of big business. union labor or not bearing the onion label." breed the eonditiens for a new world wl. As a result Senaitor Kilgore in 1942 in- traduced a Science Mobilization Bill and he The late Preident Roosevelt and cer- Now is the time to ptrevent this backward step, and to assert through bindling action was made chairman of a special subacom- tainly no one individual accomplished more or l.ade less mistakes than F.DB, did in that increased unity among the people of the meittee of the Senate Military Affair Conm world is the goal we intend to attain, mittee to investigate andI plan. An enormous his understanding of wealth and poverty- amount of information has been obtained must have had the union label in mind when, and hberinic are still in progress, along almost on his deathbed, he declared: Monthly Labor Review: Thc following are with other eontlittees tin the same subject. "I have long been convinced that the con- among the special articles which appeared sumer wields a great power which, if con- in the November issue: soiously used to support fair labor stand- Problems of Tenporary Wartime Workers ards,would he of great benefit to workers in the Postwar Labor Market. and to those employers who cooperate in Relation between Foreign Trade and Em- the maintenance of such standards." ployment. Thus from the along-time bead of the War and Postwar Wages, Prices and, greatest nation onil earth down through the Hours, 1914-23 and 199+-44: Part 2-- judiciary ard legislative bodies and reach- Wartime and Postwar Trends. ing into the least informed strata of our Benefits for Ex-servicemen in Five Brit- society, we find unanimous approval for rec- ish Countries and the U. S. ognition of the union label as a symbol of Underground Trade Union Activity in human progress and prosperity. Norway During the War. Then what are we waiting forl State Legislation on Labor Relations and Discrimination in Employment, 1945. CANADA ADVANCES Bulletins and Reprints from the lMonthly (Continued from page S0) Labor Review: fringement upon either management's pre- Bulletins: rogatives or trade union activity: the method 844-Employment Opportunities for of selecting reprosentatives; the designa- Welders, tion of sub-committees for handling particu- 845--Ineome from Wages and Salaries lar problems; time, place and frequency of in the Postwar Period. meetings and similar questions. As a meanslof inuring fair action and 846-Trends in Urban Wage Rates, You want the JOURNALI We want you to promoting democratic ideals, the board sug- October, 1944 to April, 1945. have the JOURNALI. gests the selection of two chairmen, to pre- Reprints: When you move notify us of the change of side at alternate meetings, one to be elected 1779-11.0 Preparations for Paris Con- residence at omlec. from labor and one appointed by manage- forenco. ment. Similarly it recommends the choosing 1780-Wartime Changes in Agricul- Name ...... -.-.-.-.. tural Employment. Local Union ...... …...... of two secretaries, each of whom would be responsible for material which members of 1781--Prices in the Second Quarter of New Address-...... his own section of the committee desire to 1946. have presented at the gathering, but both 1782 Employment Conditions in Italy. ZONE NO. of whom would be responsible for keeping 178--Recent Decisions of Interest to Old Address...... ------…------the committee's minutes. Labor. ZONE NO. The principle of joint consultation through 1784-Revised Estimates of Factory INTERNATIONAL tROTIERIIIOD OF labor-management conmmittees has been Wage Earners Paid Less than ELICTRICAL WOIRKERS 1200 rlth St. N. W., Washington 5, D. C. warmly endorsed in Canada by all leading 65 Cents Per Hour. i

Arrear. Offimial Notice of, per 10.-.- $50 Ledger, loose-laf research, including Account Book. Treasurer's Seal (pocket) .------.... 7.50 gO tabs . -..-.-2...... 0. Trayeling cards wi..... - -- BOOk, MinUte forlR. S. .s.a.ll.. 2,25 tree Ledger sheets for above, per l0--.- 225 Witldrawal Cards, th Tria. Cds.. Paper. Official Letter, per 100 .50 per dozen.-..-.... Rituals, exltra, eac---h- .25 Watlant Book, for . ..-S .40 Bock, Roll Ca1 - 1.....-...... Receipt .30 Carbon ior Book, Applicants (300 Ie- Receipt Books...... eipts) -...... 1+25...... Charters. Duplicate...... ------FOR E. W. B. A. ConstILitution. per lO ..-...... Receipt Book, Appli.aot (750 re- 750 ceipts) Book, Mbnue -. $gle ti ------.10...... 3+50 1.50 Chartersb, Duplicates ... .50 rlectrical Worker, Subscription per ReceiptBook, Members (300 receipts) 1.75 Reinstatement Receipt Book, Members (750 receipts) 3.54 Blnks, per 19 __ .$§ year ...... 2.0 Constltubto and By-Laws, per lo- 7.40 envelopes, Offiial, per 100...... 1.00 ReceiPt flock. M~~iecellaneous (300 re- Single Copies. eeiptsE-) .10 Labels, DecAleomanLa (large 1...... 1 .7 u.nuls, each ...... 25 small 1', fabrilating 1"), Receipt Book, Misceflaneous (750 re- per 100 ...--- .20 ceipts>3) ---...... 3,0. per 1000 ----- .50 acceipt Book, Overtime assessment JEWELRY per 5O007 ...... (300 receipls -.------1.75 No. 1-Gold Filled Emhlem Gil Tie per sO ...... -..... ---- . Receipt Book, Oertime assessment ClaSp - ...... I." LabeLs, Deeaicomaula (efquipmeit No. -10 kt. Gold Lapel ButtL nmaintenance) (750 receiptslil) - --....- -- 3. 1.10 Receipt Book, Temporary (750 reIi- No. -Rolletd Gold Pin (or, ladiles) .7 per - - - .30 NO. 4-Rolled Gold Lapel tton-.. .75 pet 1,00 , ...... -+.S ceipoas) …..-...... 350 Receipt Book, Tempoai (300 re- No. 5-10 it. Gold Button Riolled aels, Metal, per 100 ...... 250 Gold Tie Clasp - .75 LIbels, Paper, Neon, per 100 -- .20 ceipts) ------1 . Reipt NO. -10O At Gold Lapel Button -1..25 Labels, Paper, per IO -..-..-...... 20 Book, Te.nnrary (90 re. NO 7-10 II. Gold La1el Button - 1.7 1-]be], Paper, large size for house celtit) -...... -.. 75 No. -- 19 kt. Gold Diamond Shape wiring. -per ----- .15 Recelfpt BOok, Financial Secretary'L. .25 EmblemGoldFile.dTie Slide 4.00 Ledger, loose leaf binder Finncil] Receipt Book, Treasurers .... 5 No. i010-PO I. Cold Ring . Seretrary's 10.l0 26 tab Index-...... 50 No. 11-10 ct. Gold Badge Lodge' pape' to fit above ledgeI, Receipt Holdlers, Members' Leather of Honor 2.2 Pocket, Folding, e..h -...... - A5 (10, 15, 20 and 25 years per 100 -- - 1.50 No.- 1-i ki. Gold Emblem: Rolled Ledger, Financial Secretarys, 100 Receipt Holders, Members' Poeket, Celuloid. sold only in bui, Small- GCold Chain Tie Clasp 4.50 pages ------2.50 No. 13-Gold Plaled Aux r Pin Ledger, Financtial Secretary, 200 est lot, 53.0...... 1.50 Per 10o ..-...... 3.00 (For Ladies) -.. .50 pages------3.75 No. 14-old Filled War Veterans Ledger. Fi]nancil Se4retary's, 400 Research weekly report cards, per I00 .40 Button .-75 pages-8 ....00 Seal, ut Of -...... 1.00 No. 15-I.leav 1 ICt.Gold Ring -j 18.00 (Extra ]1lcvy Binding) Seal ...... 5.09 Jewelry not sent C .. D.

Thre aboe articles oill be stppied hlen thie requsite amount of cash oeomvonies the order. Olieie the order will not be recot9ized. Alt sppies sent by s hare postage or e- press chirge$prepeid. Rings furviished otis in Sizesi. 9, Ill, 10, I0, 11, 11 . 2,2, 122.

METAL am-l LABEL

ADDRESS, G. M. BUGNIAZET, I. S. 1200 Fifteenth St. N. W. Washington 5, D. C. LL of its who are so mined can light for better education for A more people; all of ius can [ighb for .m. e a nil better ilcwspiapers, radios and magaiines; all of us can fight against poverty and eco- nomic inequality. But you and I have a spccial obligation. We can strive cablin anl with obvious fairness Lo supply more infor- mation about tihe size and nature of all minorities. Where there are nmisconceptions al.ou.t Catholics, Jews, Negroes and Sootlhern Baptists, we can offer [acts. And the facts are that no minority is dangerous because of its religion or race. The only minorities wich are dangerous arc those which wnou]d deprive other minori- ties of their riglhts as human beings. -EIMo Roprt

I