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Towards Drinking Water Security in India Lessons from the Field

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Towards Drinking Water Security in India Lessons from the Field Towards Drinking Water Security In India Lessons from the Field Water and Sanitation Program Ministry of Rural Development The World Bank Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation 55 Lodi Estate, 9th Floor, Paryavaran Bhawan New Delhi 110 003, India CGO Complex, Lodi Road Phone: (91-11) 24690488, 24690489 New Delhi 110003, India Fax: (91-11) 24628250 Phone: (91-11) 24362705 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (91-11) 24361062 Web site: www.wsp.org E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ddws.nic.in/ Designed and Printed by: Roots Advertising Services Pvt. Ltd. January 2011/1000 copies Towards Drinking Water Security In India Lessons from the Field Contents From Dreams to Reality Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................5 Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................................7 Improved Rural Water Supply Service .......................................................................................................................11 • 24x7 Water Supply: Saving People Time, Water and Energy Cost ...................................................................................12 • Metering Household Connections: For Equitable Distribution of Water and Financially Self-Sustainable Water Schemes ...........................................................................................................................13 • Efficient Collection of Water Taxes and Operation of Water Supply Scheme by Women’s Self Help Groups ............................................................................................................................................................16 • An Independent Society to Manage Water Supply Service with Greater Authority and Efficiency ...................19 • 24x7 Water Supply with Cluster Storage: Increasing Incomes and School Attendance and Reducing Health Expenditures ....................................................................................................................................................21 • Three Taps, One Toilet, One Bathroom for All: Inclusion, High Level of Services and Long-term Support Ensure Sustainability ...............................................................................................................................23 • Enhancing Ownership and Access to Water and Sanitation with Swajal .....................................................................27 • An Efficient System to Recover Water Taxes ............................................................................................................................31 • Community Contracting for Cost Efficiency, Transparency and Accountability in Construction ........................32 • Successful Implementation of Sector Reform Pilot Project: Panchayati Raj Institutions can Do it! ...................35 • Successful 24x7 Water Supply in a Small Town ......................................................................................................................38 • Use of Solar Energy for Dual Pump Scheme: A Boon for Women ...................................................................................42 • Peer to Peer Learning: Training of Communities by Communities .................................................................................45 Multi-Village Scheme Innovations ..............................................................................................................................47 • Public Complaint Redressal System: Increased Consumer Voice and Service Provider Accountability ............48 • Operation and Management of Regional Water Supply Scheme by Joint Village Water Supply Committee......................................................................................................................................52 Water Quality .........................................................................................................................................................................55 • Sustaining Nirmal Gram Status ....................................................................................................................................................56 • Status of Arsenic Mitigation Schemes in West Bengal ........................................................................................................59 • Community Empowerment for Efficient Hand Pump O&M ..............................................................................................62 • Ensuring Good Safe Water with the Water Safety Plan .......................................................................................................65 • A Village Model for Water Supply and Sanitation .................................................................................................................68 • Defluoridation of Water: A Public Private Partnership Initiative ......................................................................................70 TOwarDS DRINKING WatER SECURITY IN INDIA Source Sustainability .........................................................................................................................................................73 • Water Harvesting to Augment Water Resources: Traditional Technology and Communities are Part of the Solution ..........................................................................................................................................................................74 • Source Protection to Enhance Multiple Uses of Drinking Water .....................................................................................77 • Achieving Sustainable Aquifers through Community Participation, Sciences and Demand Management ...................................................................................................................................................................78 • Water Conservation – An Innovative Process .........................................................................................................................84 • Community Managed Demand-side Ground Water Management ................................................................................86 • Renovation of Traditional Water Bodies (Oorani) to Sustain Access to Drinking Water for Rural Communities .....................................................................................................................................92 Waste Water Management ..............................................................................................................................................95 • Combining Water Supply and Sewerage and Recycling of Waste Water for Irrigation: An Interesting Example .................................................................................................................................................................97 Communication for Water ................................................................................................................................................99 • Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project ........................................................................................................................... 101 • Engaging the Community .......................................................................................................................................................... 103 • Successful Model of Public Private Partnership in Communications.......................................................................... 104 State Level Reforms ..........................................................................................................................................................107 • Towards a Uniform Approach for Decentralized Service Delivery .............................................................................. 108 • Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project: A Flag-bearer of the Sector Wide Approach ......... 111 4 LESSONS FROM THE FIELD Acronyms and Abbreviations AFPRO Action for Food Production HDPE High Density Polyethylene AKRSP-I Aga Khan Rural Support Program-India HRD human resource development APFAMGS Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed HUN Hydrological Unit Network Groundwater Systems ICPP Integrated Child Protection Programme ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply IDA International Development Agency Programme IDP Internally Displaced People AWMAs Aquifer Water Management Associations IEC information, education and AWMS Aquifer Water Management Sabha communication BG Beneficiary Group IVR Interactive Voice Response BPL below poverty line KL kilo litre CCDU Communication and Capacity KRWSA Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Development Unit Agency CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation lpcd litres per capita per day CWB Crop Water Budgeting lpm litre per minute CWS Center for Water and Sanitation m3 cubic metre DIA District Implementing Agency MANTRA Movement and Action Network for the DSMG Demand Side Groundwater Transformation of Rural Areas Management MEDA Maharashtra Energy Development DSU district support unit Agency DWSM District Water and Sanitation Mission M-DAWS Multi-District Assessment of Water DWSS Department of Water Supply and Safety Sanitation MDG Millennium Development Goal ESR Elevated Storage Reservoir MDPE Medium Density Polyethylene FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
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